Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microfluidic light scattering blood

Academic literature on the topic 'Microfluidic light scattering blood'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Microfluidic light scattering blood"

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Simon, Peter, Marcin Frankowski, Nicole Bock, and Jörg Neukammer. "Label-free whole blood cell differentiation based on multiple frequency AC impedance and light scattering analysis in a micro flow cytometer." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 12 (2016): 2326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00128a.

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Sarkar, Amrita, Sanjay Khandelwal, Serge Yarovoi, Gowthami M. Arepally, Douglas B. Cines, Mortimer Poncz, and Lubica Rauova. "Fc-Modified Kko: A Novel Therapeutic for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT), Reversing Both the Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-146233.

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Abstract Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immunogenic prothrombotic disorder caused by antibodies that recognize human platelet factor 4 (PF4) complexed to polyanions. We had previously shown using chimeric constructs of hPF4 and mouse (m) PF4 and chimeras with the related chemokine, neutrophil-activating peptide-2 that there is a single antigenic locus on hPF4 in these complexes to which most HIT antibodies bind. KKO is a mouse monoclonal IgG2b k anti-hPF4/polyanion monoclonal antibody that mimics pathogenic antibodies that induce HIT and provokes thrombosis in a murine model of HIT. We previously established that specific hydrolysis of N-linked glycans in the Fc-region of KKO by endoglycosidase from Streptococcus pyogenes EndoS (Genovis) yields >97% deglycosylation on LC-MS/MS generating DGKKO. This modification has no significant effect on binding to PF4-heparin complexes as shown by ELISA and by dynamic light scattering, but abrogates FcgRIIA-mediated binding and platelet activation, and decreases complement activation as evaluated by flow cytometry. To examine if DGKKO reduces prothrombotic effects, we compared DGKKO with KKO in human microfluidic system lined with human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) that are then photochemically injured and a murine model involving "HIT mice" (mice that express FcgRIIA and human PF4 and lack mouse PF4). Using the microfluidic system described above and infusing blood from healthy donors with added human PF4 (25 µg/ml) and KKO (50 µg/ml) or HIT IgG from three individuals with SRA-positive HIT (1mg/ml) resulted in increased platelet adherence to the injured endothelium (Figure 1). Addition of DGKKO (50 µg/ml) 15 minutes after addition of HIT antibodies eliminated platelet accumulation (Figure 1). In the HIT murine model, we found that intraperitoneal (IP, 200 µg/mice) or intravenous (IV, 20 µg/mice) DGKKO did not induce thrombocytopenia in HIT mice, but reversed the thrombocytopenia induced by either IP KKO (200 µg/mice) or HIT IgG (1 mg/mice) even when the DGKKO is given 6 hrs after HIT induction (Figure 2A). We used an intravital cremaster laser arteriole injury model in HIT mice to study the efficacy of DGKKO as an antithrombotic agent. We found that unlike KKO that enhances growth of established thrombi in these mice, DGKKO significantly reversed the size of the observed thrombi (Figure 2B). These studies suggest that DGKKO obstructs the HIT antigenic site recognized by HIT antibodies and leads to a reversal of thrombocytopenia and thrombus size. Additional studies are underway to examine if DGKKO can be used as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the murine model of HIT thrombosis. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Cines: Rigel: Consultancy; Dova: Consultancy; Treeline: Consultancy; Arch Oncol: Consultancy; Jannsen: Consultancy; Taventa: Consultancy; Principia: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board.
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Sen Gupta, Anirban. "Synthetic Platelets for Treatment of Traumatic Hemorrhage and Thrombocytopenia." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): SCI—37—SCI—37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121079.

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Platelets are primarily responsible for staunching bleeding by forming a 'platelet plug' and further amplifying thrombin generation on its surface to facilitate fibrin formation, leading to hemostatic clot formation at the site of vascular breach. Therefore, platelet transfusions are clinically used to mitigate bleeding risks in thrombocytopenia (prophylactic transfusion) and to mitigate hemorrhage in traumatic injuries (emergency transfusion). Currently these transfusions utilize donor-derived platelets, stored at 20-24oC with gentle agitation. In this condition, platelets have high risk of bacterial contamination and very short shelf-life (~ 5 days), which severely limit their logistical availability and use. Several parallel strategies are currently undergoing research to address these issues, including platelet storage at reduced temperatures (chilled or freeze-dried), pathogen reduction technologies and bioreactor-based in vitro platelet production from precursor cells. An alternative (and complimentary) approach that is the focus of our research is the engineering of I.V.-administrable synthetic hemostat nanoparticles that functionally mimic platelet's clotting mechanisms. These 'synthetic platelet' nanoparticle systems can be manufactured at large scale, sterilized without compromising functions and stored for long periods of time (6-9 months), thereby allowing significant logistical advantages in transfusion applications. Here we present in vitro and in vivo evaluation of such technology. For these studies, the 'synthetic platelet' nanoparticles were manufactured by decorating liposomes with a combination of VWF-binding, collagen-binding and fibrinogen-mimetic peptides, for integrative mimicry of platelet's hemostasis-relevant adhesive and aggregatory mechanisms. The nanoparticles were stored at room temperature in aqueous suspension as well as lyophilized powder, and particle stability was assessed over 6-9 months by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The nanoparticles were also exposed to E-beam sterilization, and particle stability as well platelet-mimetic bioactivity was assessed by DLS, aggregometry, microfluidics and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). The systemic safety and targeted hemostatic efficacy of I.V.-administered nanoparticles were evaluated in mouse model of thrombocytopenia, and in mouse, rat and pig models of traumatic hemorrhage. DLS and electron microscopy confirmed that the synthetic platelet nanoparticles have a size of 150-200 nm diameter, and they remain stable over 6-9 months in storage. Microfluidic studies showed that these nanoparticles could rapidly adhere to 'vWF + collagen'-coated surfaces and enhance the recruitment and aggregation of active platelets on these surfaces. Aggregometry studies showed that the nanoparticles did not affect resting platelets but enhanced aggregation of ADP- or collagen-activated platelets (i.e. no thrombotic risk towards resting platelets). Flow cytometry studies confirmed this specificity of nanoparticle binding to active platelets. ROTEM studies showed that the 'synthetic platelet' nanoparticles significantly improved clot kinetics and firmness. In vivo, in all animal models, the nanoparticles showed no systemic pro-thrombotic effects, as assessed by hemodynamics as well as organ histology. In thrombocytopenic mice, prophylactically administered 'synthetic platelet' nanoparticles dose-dependently reduced tail bleeding time. In mouse, rat and pig trauma models, post-injury administration of 'synthetic platelet' nanoparticles reduced blood loss, stabilized blood pressure, delayed hypotension and thereby significantly improved survival. The nanoparticles could be further utilized as a platform for targeted presentation of phosphatidylserine (PS) to augment thrombin generation, or targeted delivery of tranexamic acid (TXA) for anti-fibrinolytic effect or delivery of inorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) to augment clot stability. These studies not only establish the potential of these nanoparticles as a platelet surrogate for transfusion applications, but also demonstrate their utilization as a platform for modular augmentation of various hemostatic outputs in prophylactic and emergency applications. Figure Disclosures Sen Gupta: Haima Therapeutics LLC: Equity Ownership.
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Connerty, Patrick, Ernest Moles, Charles E. de Bock, Nisitha Jayatilleke, Jenny L. Smith, Soheil Meshinchi, Chelsea Mayoh, Maria Kavallaris, and Richard B. Lock. "Development of siRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Targeting Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01257 as a Novel and Safe Therapeutic Approach for t(8;21) Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101681.

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Standard of care therapies for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cause potent off-target toxicity to healthy cells, highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic approaches that are safe and specific for leukemia cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging and highly attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer due to their oncogenic functions and selective expression in cancer cells. However, lncRNAs have historically been considered ‘undruggable’ targets because they do not encode for a protein product. Here, we describe the development of a new siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticle for the therapeutic silencing of the novel oncogenic lncRNA LINC01257. Transcriptomic analysis of children with AML identified LINC01257 as specifically expressed in t(8;21) AML and absent in healthy patients. Using NxGen microfluidic technology, we efficiently and reproducibly packaged anti-LINC01257 siRNA (LNP-si-LINC01257) into lipid nanoparticles based on the FDA-approved Patisiran (Onpattro®) formulation. LNP-si-LINC01257 size and ζ-potential were determined by dynamic light scattering using a Malvern Zetasizer Ultra. LNP-si-LINC01257 internalization and siRNA delivery were verified by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. lncRNA knockdown was determined by RT-qPCR and cell viability was characterized by flow cytometry-based apoptosis assay. LNP-siRNA production yielded a mean LNP size of ~65 nm with PDI ≤ 0.22 along with a >85% siRNA encapsulation rate. LNP-siRNAs were efficiently taken up by Kasumi-1 cells (>95% of cells) and LNP-si-LINC01257 treatment was able to successfully ablate LINC01257 expression which was accompanied by a significant 55% reduction in total cell count following 48 h of treatment. In contrast, healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which do not express LINC01257, were unaffected by LNP-si-LINC01257 treatment despite comparable levels of LNP-siRNA uptake. This is the first report demonstrating the use of LNP-assisted RNA interference modalities for the silencing of cancer-driving lncRNAs as a therapeutically viable and non-toxic approach in the management of AML.
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Seiffert, Sebastian, Janine Dubbert, Walter Richtering, and David A. Weitz. "Reduced UV light scattering in PDMS microfluidic devices." Lab on a Chip 11, no. 5 (2011): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0lc00594k.

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Dannhauser, D., D. Rossi, F. Causa, P. Memmolo, A. Finizio, T. Wriedt, J. Hellmers, Y. Eremin, P. Ferraro, and P. A. Netti. "Optical signature of erythrocytes by light scattering in microfluidic flows." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 16 (2015): 3278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00525f.

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Su, Xuan-Tao, Kirat Singh, Clarence Capjack, Jiří Petráček, Christopher Backhouse, and Wojciech Rozmus. "Measurements of light scattering in an integrated microfluidic waveguide cytometer." Journal of Biomedical Optics 13, no. 2 (2008): 024024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2909670.

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Chastek, Thomas Q., Kathryn L. Beers, and Eric J. Amis. "Miniaturized dynamic light scattering instrumentation for use in microfluidic applications." Review of Scientific Instruments 78, no. 7 (July 2007): 072201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2755569.

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Ivanov, Yu V., A. R. Karimov, L. N. Pyatnitsky, A. P. Seryakov, and V. A. Shcheglov. "Light Scattering by Human Blood Plasma." Journal of Russian Laser Research 26, no. 5 (September 2005): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10946-005-0039-8.

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He, Jiangping, Anders Karlsson, Johannes Swartling, and Stefan Andersson-Engels. "Light scattering by multiple red blood cells." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 21, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.21.001953.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microfluidic light scattering blood"

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Han, Jin-Hee. "Microfluidic Detection of Waterborne Pathogen through Light Scattering of Particle Immunoassays." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195971.

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This dissertation focused on detecting waterborne pathogens in a microfluidic biosensing system which enables point-of-care, real-time monitoring. Within this framework, I have been addressing three objectives. The first objective was to enhance mixing of particles in a microfluidic device. To this end, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) or Tween 80 (polyethylene sorbitol ester) was added to the antibody-conjugated polystyrene microparticle suspension. Both surfactants showed non-specific binding (with SDS) or very poor diffusion (with Tween 80). As an alternative approach, highly carboxylated polystyrene microparticles showed very low non-specific binding comparable to that with Tween 80 and good diffusional mixing equivalent to that with SDS. This work was published in Appendix A (© 2008 Elsevier). The second objective was to detect E. coli K-12 using the microfluidic-based system with low detection limit in Appendix B (© 2008 Elsevier). This method was essentially one-step and requires no sample pre-treatment or cell culturing. Conventional immunoassay using polyclonal antibody detects not only viable cells, but also dead cell and free antigens. In order to reduce false positive signal originated from dead cells and free antigens, target solution was washed three times. The detection limit was as low as 40 cfu ml⁻¹ or 4 cfu per device (viable cells only), or <10 cfu ml⁻¹ or <1 cfu per device (including dead cells and free antigens). Our final objective was to develop real-time, high sensitive method for detecting waterborne pathogens in a water distribution system in Appendix C. Detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a single straight pipe was demonstrated using a microfluidic system utilizing light scattering detection of latex immunoagglutination assay. Assay time is <5 min per assay and detection limit is 10 cfu ml⁻¹. Optical signals are compared with viable E. coli counts (not real time) and salt tracer experiments. Laminar (Re = 1,102) and turbulent (Re = 6,144) flows are used to simulate the flow regimes in a real water distribution system.
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Lucas, Lonnie J. "Detection of Light Scattering for Lab-On-A-Chip Immunoassays Using Optical Fibers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193897.

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This dissertation develops technology for microfluidic point-of-care immunoassay devices. This research (2004–2007) improved microfluidic immunoassay performance by reducing reagent consumption, decreasing analysis time, increasing sensitivity, and integrating processes using a lab-on-a-chip. Estimates show that typical hospital laboratories can save $1.0 million per year by using microfluidic chips. Our first objective was to enhance mixing in a microfluidic channel, which had been one of the main barriers to using these devices. Another goal of our studies was to simplify immunoassays by eliminating surfactants. Manufacturers of latex immunoassays add surfactants to prevent non-specific aggregation of microspheres. However, these same surfactants can cause false positives (and negatives) during diagnostic testing. This work, published in Appendix A (© 2006 Elsevier) shows that highly carboxylated polystyrene (HCPS) microspheres can replace surfactants and induce rapid mixing via diffusion in microfluidic devices. Our second objective was to develop a microfluidic device using fiber optics to detect static light scattering (SLS) of microspheres in Appendix B (© 2007 Elsevier). Fiber optics were used to deliver light emitting diode (LED) or laser light. A miniature spectrometer was used to measure 45° forward light scattering collected by optical fiber. Latex microspheres coated with PR3 proteins were used to test for the vasculitis marker, anti-PR3. No false negatives or positives were observed. A limit of detection (LOD) of 50 ng mL⁻¹ was demonstrated. This optical detection system works without fluorescence or chemiluminescence markers. It is cost effective, small, and re-usable with simple rinsing. The final objective in this dissertation, published in Appendix C (© 2007 Elsevier), developed a multiplex immunoassay. A lab-on-a-chip was used to detect multiple antibodies using microsphere light scattering and quantum dot (QD) emission. We conjugated QDs onto microspheres and named this configuration “nano-on-micro” or “NOM”. Upon radiation with UV light, strong light scattering is observed. Since QDs also provide fluorescent emission, we are able to use increased light scattering for detecting antigen-antibody reactions, and decreased QD emission to identify which antibody is present.
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Kirillin, M. (Mikhail). "Optical coherence tomography of strongly scattering media." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514287572.

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Abstract Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a modern rapidly developing technique for non-invasive imaging of the internal structure of optically non-uniform objects based on the principles of low-coherent interferometry. However, multiple scattering of light in the objects under study brings distortions to the images obtained by OCT. The analysis of formation of the OCT signals is required for understanding the role of multiple scattering in this formation and providing recommendations for optimal configuration of a measuring setup. In the present thesis formation of the OCT signals and images is analyzed implementing Monte Carlo simulations of light propagation in scattering media. Blood, intralipid solution, human skin and paper samples are chosen as the objects under study due to the interest in the diagnostics of these objects in biomedicine and paper industry. Multilayer models of skin phantoms, skin and paper were developed in the frames of the present study for simulation of OCT signals and two-dimensional OCT images of these objects. The contribution of different scattering orders as well as different fractions of photons (least and multiply scattered, diffusive and non-diffusive) to these images was found allowing to evaluate the maximal depth of non-distorted imaging in each particular case. The simulated OCT images were compared to the experimental ones demonstrating qualitative similarity. This fact allowed the author to analyze qualitatively the influence of parameters of the OCT setup on the images which have also been acquired in this work. The formation of the OCT images of paper samples with various refractive index matching liquids was also studied.
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Stewart-James, Samantha Ann. "Development of a microfluidic flow cytometry platform with fluorescence and light scattering detection for the rapid characterization of circulating tumor cells." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19078.

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Master of Science
Department of Chemistry
Christopher T. Culbertson
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have become a key component in the identification and treatment of cancer. Once dislodged from the main tumor, CTCs travel through the bloodstream and cause metastasis. Early detection and identification of these cells can help in the evaluation and prognosis of various types of cancer, as well as assisting in patient treatments by determining the spread of the disease. Here, a high-throughput microfluidic analysis technique is described that can efficiently detect and identify cells, with the specific identification of CTCs as a future application through fluorescent labeling in mind. As proof of principle, the device has been shown to detect and characterize individual human Jurkat (T-lymphocyte) cells at a rate of 100 cells/minute. The device employs micro-scale flow focusing to isolate individual cells. The cells are detected using both light scattering and laser-induced fluorescence to evaluate cell size and surface functionality.
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Nonoyama, Akihisa. "Using Multiwavelength UV-Visible Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Red Blood Cells: An Investigation of Hypochromism." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000508.

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Siegemund, Thomas. "Structure and properties of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles targeting β-amyloid." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-70212.

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Polymere Nanopartikel sind ein vielversprechender Ansatz für die Diagnose und Therapie von Krankheiten. Sie ermöglichen den Einsatz von schwerlöslichen oder instabilen Wirkstoffen. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die Möglichkeit das Targetings, durch gezielte Modifikationen des Nanopartikels wird der Wirkstoff zum Zielort transportiert und kann dort in der gewünschten Form freigesetzt werden; dadurch könnten bei erhöhter Wirksamkeit die Nebenwirkungen von Medikamenten reduziert werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung von physikalischen und biochemischen Eigenschaften von Nanopartikeln bestehend aus einem abbaustabilen Polystyren- Kern und einer biologisch abbaubaren Schale aus Polybutylcyanoacrylat. Es werden Methoden beschrieben, um die Größe, Struktur und den Abbau dieser Wirkstoffträger zu untersuchen. Die untersuchten Nanopartikel zeigen RAYLEIGH-Streuung, sowohl Größe als auch Abbau können durch Messung des Absorptionsspektrums bestimmt werden. Weiterhin konnten diese Eigenschaften mit Hilfe von dynamischer und statischer Lichtstreuung sowie Neutronenkleinwinkelstreuung untersucht werden. Bei letzterer Methode konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Schale größtenteils abgebaut werden kann, während der Kern intakt bleibt. In einem weiteren Teil der Arbeit wurde die Überwindung der Blut-Hirn-Schranke durch polymere Nanopartikel untersucht. Dabei wurde der fluoreszierende Thioflavine als Modellwirkstoffe eingesetzt. Das Durchdringen der Blut-Hirn-Schranke konnte nur mit Nanopartikeln erreicht werden, an deren Oberfläche ein Apolipoprotein E-Peptid gekoppelt war. Es konnte gezeigt werden, das die Nanopartikelschale im Gehirn abgebaut wird, der Wirkstoff freigesetzt wird und an Amyloid β, einem Marker der Alzheimer-Krankheit, bindet.
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Kotouček, Jan. "Příprava a charakterizace komplexních nanočástic s využitím zejména frakcionace v tokovém poli a pokročilých spektroskopických metod." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432947.

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Liposomes are versatile biocompatible and biodegradable carriers for a variety of medical applications. As the first nanoparticles, they have been approved for pharmaceutical use so far, and many liposome-based preparations are in clinical trials. Classical methods of liposome preparation represent potential limitations in technology transfer from laboratory to industrial scale. New, microfluidic techniques overcome these limitations and offer new possibilities for controlled, continuous preparation of liposomal particles in a laboratory and industrial scale. An important element in the development of new nanoparticle systems is their complex characterization and purification. In addition to the established chromatographic techniques, the Field flow fractionation technique, in particular the Asymmetrical flow Field-flow fractionation, is described. This relatively new technique in conjunction with the MALS/DLS/DAD-UV/dRI online detectors enables the purification and characterization of complex samples. The main advantage of this technique lies in the possibility of separation under native conditions, which plays an important role in the separation of biopolymers in particular. Separation in the “empty” channel then eliminates sample degradation due to unwanted interactions at the stationary phase-sample interface. The theoretical part of this thesis describes the possibilities of preparation, modification, and characterization of liposomal nanoparticles. For this purpose, optical methods based on dynamic light scattering, multi-angle dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis techniques are described, as well as a non-optical method using "particle by the particle" analysis, tunable resistive pulse sensing method. A separate chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to the technique Asymmetrical flow Field-flow fractionation in connection with the above-mentioned detectors. Important results associated with this work are summarized in the attached scientific paper, together with the result summaries and the author's contributions.
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Young, Anthony M. "Investigation of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging's Sensitivity to Flow." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami153256524246362.

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Malm, Mikaela. "Drug Analysis : Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8547.

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This thesis describes bioanalytical methods for drug determination in biological matrixes, with drugs in focus used against diseases largely affecting low-income countries. Solid-phase extraction is used for sample cleanup, and processed samples are analyzed by liquid chromatography. Developed bioanalytical methods are validated according to international guidelines. Eflornithine (DFMO) is a chiral drug, used for treating human African trypanosomiasis. A bioanalytical method for determination of DFMO enantiomers in plasma is presented. The enantiomers are detected by evaporative light-scattering detection. The method has been applied to determination of D-DFMO and L-DFMO in rats, after intravenous and oral administration of racemic DFMO. It is concluded that DFMO exhibits enantioselective absorption, with the more potent enantiomer L-DFMO being less favored. Sulfadoxine (SD) and sulfamethoxazole (SM) are sulfa-drugs used for malaria and pneumonia respectively. Two methods are described for simultaneous determination of SD and SM in capillary blood sampled on filter paper. The former method allows direct injection of extracts from dried blood spots (DBS), while for the latter method solid-phase extraction is added. Pre-analytical factors contributing to measurement uncertainty is also discussed, and it is concluded that it is of high importance that homogeneity in type of sampling paper and sampling volume is assured. Piperaquine (PQ) is an antimalarial, increasingly used in artemisinin combination therapy. A method for determination of piperaquine in DBS is presented. By using a monolithic LC column, a very short LC analysis of two minutes per sample is achieved. A method for simultaneous determination of three antiretroviral drugs i.e. lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine (AZT) and nevirapine (NVP), in DBS samples is described. The method is applied to drug determination in two subjects after receiving standard antiretroviral treatment. Conclusion is that the method is suitable for determination of 3TC and NVP, and to some extent for AZT.
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Castro, David. "Two-Phase Microfluidic Systems for High Throughput Quantification of Agglutination Assays." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627925.

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Lab-on-Chip, the miniaturization of the chemical and analytical lab, is an endeavor that seems to come out of science fiction yet is slowly becoming a reality. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines different areas of science and engineering. Within these areas, microfluidics is a specialized field that deals with the behavior, control and manipulation of small volumes of fluids. Agglutination assays are rapid, single-step, low-cost immunoassays that use microspheres to detect a wide variety molecules and pathogens by using a specific antigen-antibody interaction. Agglutination assays are particularly suitable for the miniaturization and automation that two-phase microfluidics can offer, a combination that can help tackle the ever pressing need of high-throughput screening for blood banks, epidemiology, food banks diagnosis of infectious diseases. In this thesis, we present a two-phase microfluidic system capable of incubating and quantifying agglutination assays. The microfluidic channel is a simple fabrication solution, using laboratory tubing. These assays are incubated by highly efficient passive mixing with a sample-to-answer time of 2.5 min, a 5-10 fold improvement over traditional agglutination assays. It has a user-friendly interface that that does not require droplet generators, in which a pipette is used to continuously insert assays on-demand, with no down-time in between experiments at 360 assays/h. System parameters are explored, using the streptavidin-biotin interaction as a model assay, with a minimum detection limit of 50 ng/mL using optical image analysis. We compare optical image analysis and light scattering as quantification methods, and demonstrate the first light scattering quantification of agglutination assays in a two-phase ow format. The application can be potentially applied to other biomarkers, which we demonstrate using C-reactive protein (CRP) assays. Using our system, we can take a commercially available CRP qualitative slide agglutination assay, and turn it into a quantitative High Sensitivity-CRP test, with a lower detection limit of 0.5 mg/L using light scattering. Agglutination assays are an incredibly versatile tool, capable of detecting an ever-growing catalog of infectious diseases, proteins and metabolites. A system such as that presented in this thesis is a step towards being able to produce high throughput microfluidic solutions with widespread adoption.
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Book chapters on the topic "Microfluidic light scattering blood"

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Nilsson, Gert E., Anneli Jakobsson, and Karin Wårdell. "Monitoring and Imaging of Tissue Blood Flow by Coherent Light Scattering." In Optronic Techniques in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine, 89–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3766-3_7.

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Siiman, Olavi. "Colloids as Light Scattering and Emission Markers for Analysis of Blood." In Medical Applications of Colloids, 1–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76921-9_1.

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Zhao, Mingrui, Hongtao Ma, Samuel Harris, and Theodore H. Schwartz. "Multi-Spectral Imaging of Blood Volume, Metabolism, Oximetry, and Light Scattering." In Neurovascular Coupling Methods, 201–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0724-3_10.

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Fuhrmann, Günter Fred. "[15] Transport studies in red blood cells by measuring light scattering." In Biomembranes Part T, 263–80. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(89)73017-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microfluidic light scattering blood"

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Konst, Elena V., Vladimir B. Konstantinov, and Lidia A. Bibikova. "Light scattering by blood cells." In International Symposium on Biomedical Optics Europe '94, edited by Hans-Jochen Foth, Aaron Lewis, Halina Podbielska, Michel Robert-Nicoud, Herbert Schneckenburger, and Anthony J. Wilson. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.200877.

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Magnin, Olivier. "Blood cell characterization by light scattering." In Photonics Europe, edited by Michel D. Faupel and Patrick Meyrueis. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.554173.

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3

Grzegorzewski, Bronislaw, and E. Kowalinska. "Light- scattering studies of blood sedimentation." In Fifth International Conference on Correlation Optics, edited by Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.455217.

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4

Borovoi, Anatoli G., Edward I. Naats, and Ulrich G. Oppel. "Scattering of light by red blood cells." In BiOS Europe '97, edited by David A. Benaron, Britton Chance, and Marco Ferrari. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.301068.

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5

Wohlfeil, Shulin, Sundar Hengoju, Anne-Sophie Munser, Miguel Tovar, Oksana Shvydkiv, Martin Roth, Sven Schröder, Erik Beckert, Ramona Eberhardt, and Andreas Tünnermann. "Optical fiber based light scattering detection in microfluidic droplets." In Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems XVII, edited by Bonnie L. Gray and Holger Becker. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2509248.

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Petrova, Galina P., Yurii M. Petrusevich, Dmitrii I. Ten, A. V. Boiko, and Olga E. Fadyukova. "Laser light-scattering diagnostic of blood protein solutions." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Heinz P. Weber, Vitali I. Konov, and Thomas Graf. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.543709.

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7

Shvartsman, Leonid D., and Ilya Fine. "RBC aggregation effects on light scattering from blood." In EOS/SPIE European Biomedical Optics Week, edited by Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.405931.

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8

Priezzhev, Alexander V., Olga M. Ryaboshapka, Natalia B. Savchenko, Nikolai N. Firsov, and Vladimir G. Kolinko. "Light-scattering diagnostics of blood dynamics and structure." In International Conference on Holography and Correlation Optics, edited by Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.226743.

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9

Yu, Zhu, Wei Song, Qingchun Hou, Defa Man, Peiqi Gao, and Bo Ma. "Light scattering characteristics of human white blood cells." In Photonics China '96, edited by Freddie Shing-Hong Lin and Daxiong Xu. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.251870.

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10

Borovoi, A. G. "Multiple scattering of light by red blood cells." In 17th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for Science and New Technology. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2299028.

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