Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microfluidic blood vessels

Academic literature on the topic 'Microfluidic blood vessels'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Microfluidic blood vessels"

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Akhmetov, A. T., A. A. Valiev, A. A. Rakhimov, S. P. Sametov, and R. R. Habibullina. "Microfluidics of blood in blood vessels stenosis." Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 11, no. 2 (2016): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2016.2.031.

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It is mentioned in the paper that hydrodynamic conditions of a flow in blood vessels with the stenosis are abnormal in relation to the total hemodynamic conditions of blood flow in a vascular system of a human body. A microfluidic device developed with a stepped narrowing for studying of the blood flow at abnormal conditions allowed to reveal blood structure in microchannels simulating the stenosis. Microstructure change is observed during the flow of both native and diluted blood through the narrowing. The study of hemorheological properties allowed us to determine an increasing contribution of the hydraulic resistance of the healthy part of the vessel during the stenosis formation.
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Nam, Ungsig, Seunggyu Kim, Joonha Park, and Jessie S. Jeon. "Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Vascular Inflammation Model on Microfluidic Chip." Micromachines 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11080747.

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Inflammation is the initiation of defense of our body against harmful stimuli. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), originating from outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, causes inflammation in the animal’s body and can develop several diseases. In order to study the inflammatory response to LPS of blood vessels in vitro, 2D models have been mainly used previously. In this study, a microfluidic device was used to investigate independent inflammatory response of endothelial cells by LPS and interaction of inflamed blood vessel with monocytic THP-1 cells. Firstly, the diffusion of LPS across the collagen gel into blood vessel was simulated using COMSOL. Then, inflammatory response to LPS in engineered blood vessel was confirmed by the expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and VE-cadherin of blood vessel, and THP-1 cell adhesion and migration assay. Upregulation of ICAM-1 and downregulation of VE-cadherin in an LPS-treated condition was observed compared to normal condition. In the THP-1 cell adhesion and migration assay, the number of adhered and trans-endothelial migrated THP-1 cells were not different between conditions. However, migration distance of THP-1 was longer in the LPS treatment condition. In conclusion, we recapitulated the inflammatory response of blood vessels and the interaction of THP-1 cells with blood vessels due to the diffusion of LPS.
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Ren, Jifeng, Yi Liu, Wei Huang, and Raymond H. W. Lam. "A Narrow Straight Microchannel Array for Analysis of Transiting Speed of Floating Cancer Cells." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020183.

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Investigating floating cells along a narrow microchannel (e.g., a blood vessel) for their transiting speeds and the corresponding roles of cell physical properties can deepen our understanding of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) metastasis via blood vessels. Many existing studies focus on the cell transiting process in blood vessel-like microchannels; further analytical studies are desired to summarize behaviors of the floating cell movement under different conditions. In this work, we perform a theoretical analysis to establish a relation between the transiting speed and key cell physical properties. We also conduct computational fluid dynamics simulation and microfluidic experiments to verify the theoretical model. This work reveals key cell physical properties and the channel configurations determining the transiting speed. The reported model can be applied to other works with various dimensions of microchannels as a more general way to evaluate the cancer cell metastasis ability with microfluidics.
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Ahn, Jungho, Hyeok Lee, Habin Kang, Hyeri Choi, Kyungmin Son, James Yu, Jungseub Lee, et al. "Pneumatically Actuated Microfluidic Platform for Reconstituting 3D Vascular Tissue Compression." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062027.

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In vivo, blood vessels constitutively experience mechanical stresses exerted by adjacent tissues and other structural elements. Vascular collapse, a structural failure of vascular tissues, may stem from any number of possible compressive forces ranging from injury to tumor growth and can promote inflammation. In particular, endothelial cells are continuously exposed to varying mechanical stimuli, internally and externally, resulting in blood vessel deformation and injury. This study proposed a method to model biomechanical-stimuli-induced blood vessel compression in vitro within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic 3D microvascular tissue culture platform with an integrated pneumatically actuated compression mechanism. 3D microvascular tissues were cultured within the device. Histological reactions to compressive forces were quantified and shown to be the following: live/dead assays indicated the presence of a microvascular dead zone within high-stress regions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification exhibited a stress-dependent increase. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran flow assays showed that compressed vessels developed structural failures and increased leakiness; finite element analysis (FEA) corroborated the experimental data, indicating that the suggested model of vascular tissue deformation and stress distribution was conceptually sound. As such, this study provides a powerful and accessible in vitro method of modeling microphysiological reactions of microvascular tissues to compressive stress, paving the way for further studies into vascular failure as a result of external stress.
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Virumbrales-Muñoz, María, Jiong Chen, Jose Ayuso, Moonhee Lee, E. Jason Abel, and David J. Beebe. "Organotypic primary blood vessel models of clear cell renal cell carcinoma for single-patient clinical trials." Lab on a Chip 20, no. 23 (2020): 4420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0lc00252f.

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Terrassoux, Lisa, Hugo Claux, Salimata Bacari, Samuel Meignan, and Alessandro Furlan. "A Bloody Conspiracy. Blood Vessels and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment." Cancers 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 4581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194581.

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Cancer progression occurs in concomitance with a profound remodeling of the cellular microenvironment. Far from being a mere passive event, the re-orchestration of interactions between the various cell types surrounding tumors highly contributes to the progression of the latter. Tumors notably recruit and stimulate the sprouting of new blood vessels through a process called neo-angiogenesis. Beyond helping the tumor cope with an increased metabolic demand associated with rapid growth, this also controls the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells and the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. To decipher this critical interplay for the clinical progression of tumors, the research community has developed several valuable models in the last decades. This review offers an overview of the various instrumental solutions currently available, including microfluidic chips, co-culture models, and the recent rise of organoids. We highlight the advantages of each technique and the specific questions they can address to better understand the tumor immuno-angiogenic ecosystem. Finally, we discuss this development field’s fundamental and applied perspectives.
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Ohta, Makoto, Naoya Sakamoto, Kenichi Funamoto, Zi Wang, Yukiko Kojima, and Hitomi Anzai. "A Review of Functional Analysis of Endothelial Cells in Flow Chambers." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 3 (July 12, 2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030092.

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The vascular endothelial cells constitute the innermost layer. The cells are exposed to mechanical stress by the flow, causing them to express their functions. To elucidate the functions, methods involving seeding endothelial cells as a layer in a chamber were studied. The chambers are known as parallel plate, T-chamber, step, cone plate, and stretch. The stimulated functions or signals from endothelial cells by flows are extensively connected to other outer layers of arteries or organs. The coculture layer was developed in a chamber to investigate the interaction between smooth muscle cells in the middle layer of the blood vessel wall in vascular physiology and pathology. Additionally, the microfabrication technology used to create a chamber for a microfluidic device involves both mechanical and chemical stimulation of cells to show their dynamics in in vivo microenvironments. The purpose of this study is to summarize the blood flow (flow inducing) for the functions connecting to endothelial cells and blood vessels, and to find directions for future chamber and device developments for further understanding and application of vascular functions. The relationship between chamber design flow, cell layers, and microfluidics was studied.
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Watanabe, Uran, Shinji Sugiura, Masayuki Kakehata, Fumiki Yanagawa, Toshiyuki Takagi, Kimio Sumaru, Taku Satoh, et al. "Fabrication of Hollow Structures in Photodegradable Hydrogels Using a Multi-Photon Excitation Process for Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering." Micromachines 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070679.

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Engineered blood vessels generally recapitulate vascular function in vitro and can be utilized in drug discovery as a novel microphysiological system. Recently, various methods to fabricate vascular models in hydrogels have been reported to study the blood vessel functions in vitro; however, in general, it is difficult to fabricate hollow structures with a designed size and structure with a tens of micrometers scale for blood vessel tissue engineering. This study reports a method to fabricate the hollow structures in photodegradable hydrogels prepared in a microfluidic device. An infrared femtosecond pulsed laser, employed to induce photodegradation via multi-photon excitation, was scanned in the hydrogel in a program-controlled manner for fabricating the designed hollow structures. The photodegradable hydrogel was prepared by a crosslinking reaction between an azide-modified gelatin solution and a dibenzocyclooctyl-terminated photocleavable tetra-arm polyethylene glycol crosslinker solution. After assessing the composition of the photodegradable hydrogel in terms of swelling and cell adhesion, the hydrogel prepared in the microfluidic device was processed by laser scanning to fabricate linear and branched hollow structures present in it. We introduced a microsphere suspension into the fabricated structure in photodegradable hydrogels, and confirmed the fabrication of perfusable hollow structures of designed patterns via the multi-photon excitation process.
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Akbari, Ehsan, Griffin B. Spychalski, Kaushik K. Rangharajan, Shaurya Prakash, and Jonathan W. Song. "Competing Fluid Forces Control Endothelial Sprouting in a 3-D Microfluidic Vessel Bifurcation Model." Micromachines 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070451.

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Sprouting angiogenesis—the infiltration and extension of endothelial cells from pre-existing blood vessels—helps orchestrate vascular growth and remodeling. It is now agreed that fluid forces, such as laminar shear stress due to unidirectional flow in straight vessel segments, are important regulators of angiogenesis. However, regulation of angiogenesis by the different flow dynamics that arise due to vessel branching, such as impinging flow stagnation at the base of a bifurcating vessel, are not well understood. Here we used a recently developed 3-D microfluidic model to investigate the role of the flow conditions that occur due to vessel bifurcations on endothelial sprouting. We observed that bifurcating fluid flow located at the vessel bifurcation point suppresses the formation of angiogenic sprouts. Similarly, laminar shear stress at a magnitude of ~3 dyn/cm2 applied in the branched vessels downstream of the bifurcation point, inhibited the formation of angiogenic sprouts. In contrast, co-application of ~1 µm/s average transvascular flow across the endothelial monolayer with laminar shear stress induced the formation of angiogenic sprouts. These results suggest that transvascular flow imparts a competing effect against bifurcating fluid flow and laminar shear stress in regulating endothelial sprouting. To our knowledge, these findings are the first report on the stabilizing role of bifurcating fluid flow on endothelial sprouting. These results also demonstrate the importance of local flow dynamics due to branched vessel geometry in determining the location of sprouting angiogenesis.
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Li, Zhongnan, Guiling Li, Yongjian Li, Yuexin Chen, Jiang Li, and Haosheng Chen. "Flow field around bubbles on formation of air embolism in small vessels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 26 (June 21, 2021): e2025406118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025406118.

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An air embolism is induced by intravascular bubbles that block the blood flow in vessels, which causes a high risk of pulmonary hypertension and myocardial and cerebral infarction. However, it is still unclear how a moving bubble is stopped in the blood flow to form an air embolism in small vessels. In this work, microfluidic experiments, in vivo and in vitro, are performed in small vessels, where bubbles are seen to deform and stop gradually in the flow. A clot is always found to originate at the tail of a moving bubble, which is attributed to the special flow field around the bubble. As the clot grows, it breaks the lubrication film between the bubble and the channel wall; thus, the friction force is increased to stop the bubble. This study illustrates the stopping process of elongated bubbles in small vessels and brings insight into the formation of air embolism.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microfluidic blood vessels"

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Pinto, Sascha. "A Microfluidic Platform for the Investigation of Transport in Small Blood Vessels." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32488.

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The microvasculature has the main function of transport of dissolved gases, nutrients and waste between blood and tissue. Systematically probing transvascular transport rates in these vessels under well defined conditions is challenging. In vivo and in vitro studies are characterized, respectively, by limited optical access and control over perfusion concentrations and failure to resemble the structure and function of an intact organ. In this thesis, I present the development of a microfluidic platform for investigating molecular transport across mouse mesenteric arteries (150-300μm diameter) in a controlled physico-chemical microenvironment. Intact vessels are perfused with 4 kDa FITC-Dextran and the permeation coefficient of this molecule across the vessel wall is quantified using laser scanning confocal microscopy paired with a 2-D numerical model. Functional viability of the examined vessel, through phenylephrine and acetylcholine dose responses, is probed, and shear and phototoxic effects are reported.
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Kraus, Oren. "Development of a Microfluidic Platform to Investigate Effect of Dissolved Gases on Small Blood Vessel Function." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33262.

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In this thesis I present a microfluidic platform developed to control dissolved gases and monitor dissolved oxygen concentrations within the microenvironment of isolated small blood vessels. Dissolved gas concentrations are controlled via permeation through the device substrate material using a 3D network of gas and liquid channels. Dissolved oxygen concentrations are measured on-chip via fluorescence quenching of an oxygen sensitive probe embedded in the device. Dissolved oxygen control was validated using the on-chip sensors as well as a 3D computational model. The platform was used in a series of preliminary experiments using olfactory resistance arteries from the mouse cerebral vascular bed. The presented platform provides the unique opportunity to control dissolved oxygen concentrations at high temporal resolutions (<1 min) and monitor dissolved oxygen concentrations in the microenvironment surrounding isolated blood vessels.
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Book chapters on the topic "Microfluidic blood vessels"

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Lochovsky, Conrad, Andrei Vagaon, Sanjesh Yasotharan, Darcy Lidington, Julia Voigtlaender-Bolz, Steffen-Sebastian-Bolz, and Axel Günther. "Microfluidic Platform for Investigating Small Blood Vessels." In IFMBE Proceedings, 376–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03887-7_108.

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Lee, Jaehyun, Hyung Kyu Huh, Sung Ho Park, Sang Joon Lee, and Junsang Doh. "Endothelial cell monolayer-based microfluidic systems mimicking complex in vivo microenvironments for the study of leukocyte dynamics in inflamed blood vessels." In Methods in Cell Biology, 23–42. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.05.002.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microfluidic blood vessels"

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Zeng, Hansong, and Yi Zhao. "Study of Whole Blood Viscosity Using a Microfluidic Device." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67855.

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Cardiovascular diseases include a wide range of disorders that affect heart and blood vessels, and are the leading cause of death in the United States. Whole blood viscosity, a parameter to describe the rheologic properties of blood, is an important measure of various cardiovascular diseases. It is used clinically to assess the risks of heart attack, hypertension, thrombosis and strokes. Currently used viscometers measure whole blood viscosity by inducing Couette flow to drive the blood at a certain shear rate. The blood viscosity is derived from the resistance toque measured by the toque sensor integrated within the shaft. Although effective, this method is limited due to the expensive toque sensor and the relatively large amount of blood required. More important, the fluidic conditions within the viscometer are vastly different from those in natural blood vessels (Poiseuille flow), which makes this method inappropriate to predict actual blood viscosity and its effect under natural conditions. In this work, we demonstrate whole blood viscosity measurement from the electrical resistance of the blood sample using a microfluidic device. Since the predominant parameters of the blood viscosity also determine the electrical impedance of the blood sample, the microdevice can be used as a new route of measure for blood viscosity. Blood samples with different hematocrit levels were flowed through a microchannel at different velocities that correspond to different shear rates. The electrical resistance at 20 kHz AC stimulation was recorded and compared with the viscosities measured by a commercialized rheometer. The results showed that the representative rheologic parameters (hematocrit and shear rate) are measurable by the electrical impedance. The correlation between the blood viscosity and the electrical resistance was quantitatively determined by regression analysis with a high determination coefficient. This study provides a solution for low cost, quick measurement of blood viscosity with minimal blood consumption. It also enables the in-depth investigation of blood rheology under in vivo like conditions.
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Riahi, R., Y. Yang, H. Kim, L. Jiang, P. K. Wong, and Y. Zohar. "A microfluidic-based platform for in vitro studies of cell signaling in blood vessels." In 2013 Transducers & Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXVII). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2013.6626760.

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Baek, Sungchul, Robert A. Taylor, and Tracie J. Barber. "Development of a Dynamic Testing Device for Predicting the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) Effect of Different Nanoparticles in Tumor Vessels." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93075.

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A microfluidic device was developed to simulate the dynamic conditions of the transvascular transport of nanoparticles. The device utilizes a microfluidic channel, filter paper, collagen gel—which represent the blood vessel, porous vessel wall, and interstitial matrix of the tumor, respectively. By controlling these components, the fluid-dynamic conditions of the tumor blood vessels can be simulated. For the initial study, Durapore® filters with the nominal diameter of 0.22 μm and 5 mg/ml type 1 collagen gel were used. The transvascular transport parameters of the membrane for a model particle, 20 nm gold spheres, were similar to those of rabbit VX2 carcinoma model. Overall, this design allows for fundamental research into the fluid dynamic transport of particles inside different organs, cancer types and stages. To investigate the physiological conditions of cancer, future studies will include modification of the filter membranes with proteins as well as subsequent culturing of endothelial cells on the filter and tumor cells in the gel matrix. Through this device, we will be able to prescribe nanoparticle fluids for to obtain enhanced permeation and retention.
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Bull, Joseph L., Andre´s J. Caldero´n, Yun Seok Heo, Dongeun Huh, Nobuyuki Futai, Shuichi Takayama, and J. Brian Fowlkes. "A Microfluidic Model of Cardiovascular Bubble Lodging." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37446.

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Embolotherapy involves the occlusion of blood flow to tumors to treat a variety of cancers, including renal carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The accompanying liver cirrhosis makes the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by traditional methods difficult. Previous attempts at embolotherapy have used solid emboli. A major difficulty in embolotherapy is restricting delivery of the emboli to the tumor. We are developing a novel minimally invasive gas embolotherapy technique that uses gas bubbles rather than solid emboli. The bubbles originate as encapsulated liquid droplets that are small enough to pass through capillaries. The droplets can be selectively vaporized in vivo by focused high intensity ultrasound to form gas bubbles which are then sufficiently large to lodge in the tumor vasculature. We investigated the dynamics of bubble lodging in microfluidic model bifurcations made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and in theoretical analyses. The results show that the critical driving pressure below which a bubble will lodge in a bifurcation is significantly less than the driving pressure required to dislodge it. Based these results, we estimate that gas bubbles from embolotherapy can lodge in vessels 20 μm or smaller in diameter, and conclude that bubbles may potentially be used to reduce blood flow to tumor microcirculation.
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Shamloo, Amir, and Sarah C. Heilshorn. "The Interplay Between Biomechanical and Biochemical Factors Regulates Lumen Formation and Navigation of Endothelial Cell Sprouts." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19495.

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Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels that originate from pre-existing vessels. In early angiogenesis stages, endothelial cells (ECs) migrate from the lumen of developed blood vessels into the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Through the coordinated actions of migration and proliferation, these ECs organize into tubular capillary-like structures called sprouts. In this study, 3D EC sprout formation was examined using a microfluidic device that enabled the separate and simultaneous tuning of biomechanical and biochemical stimuli (Fig. 1). While previous investigations have been performed on each of these factors individually1, 2, more recent studies have identified a critical interplay between the simultaneous effects of these two factors3. For example, we previously studied 2D EC chemotaxis in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gradients in the absence of biomechanical stimulation.4 In developing a model that enables precise specification of biochemical and biomechanical cues, we utilized a protocol that enables ECs to undergo a transition from the 2D to 3D culture environment mimicking angiogenic sprouting. Here we quantified the relative importance and combined consequences of discrete changes in matrix density, growth factor concentration, and growth factor gradient steepness during the stages of early sprout initiation, sprout elongation, sprout navigation, and lumen formation.
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Chen, Zhijian, Andrzej Przekwas, and Mahesh Athavale. "Physics Based Simulation of Large Size Particle Transport in Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75216.

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In biomedical microdevices and medical applications there is a need to analyze fluid transport of solid structures with sizes comparable to channel dimensions. Examples include manipulation of biological cells in microfluidic devices or transport of thrombin particles in blood vessels. Computational modeling of such macroparticles is very difficult when the particle size is bigger than the size of the computational control volume (mesh element). In performing such simulations, conventional Lagrangian model of micro particles is not suitable since this approach doesn’t account particle’s volume blockage of the supporting Eulerian computational mesh. Other approaches such as deforming mesh or volume of fluid are either impractical of computationally very intensive or limited to structured meshes. We have developed a ‘macroparticle’ methodology where the large particle is represented as a large cluster of smaller particles (marker particles) that is “embedded” on a background computational grid. The macroparticle is then represented by blocking the cells in the background mesh that are overlapped by individual micro-particles. The discrete surface of the macroparticle is represented by partially or fully blocked cells of the background computational mesh. The translation /rotation/deformation motion of the macroparticle is calculated using a 6-DOF model with fluid pressure and shear forces acting on the particle surface used as forces and moments in calculating macroparticle position, velocity, acceleration and rotation. The size of the background grid determines the accuracy of the particle shape definition and the flow solution. The relevant physics and chemical conservation laws for each macroparticle are solved in a coupled, iterative method with the equation systems governing the background fluid domain. This methodology has been successfully used for simulations of macroparticle-laden fluids in micro channels in biochips. As an application of this novel method, we have applied this technology to simulate a moving clot in blood flow and process of clot mechanical dissolution (thrombolysis).
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Ahmed, A. H. Rezwanuddin, Zeynep Dereli Korkut, H. Dogus Akaydin, and Sihong Wang. "Simulation and Analysis of a Flow Profile and Reaction Rate Within a 3D Microfluidic Cell Culture Array." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14737.

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Microfluidic devices deliver the promise of high throughput data output over conventional cell cultures with significantly smaller sample sizes[1]. The 3D microenvironment of sample cells provides with a more relevant analog to the realistic nature of cells over 2D cultures[2]. A microfluidic device of three layers to emulate the blood vessel, the basal membrane, and aggregates of tumor cells was developed using microfabrication technologies with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [3]. Such a 3D separation of the different layers is necessary in order to understand the dynamics of tumor cells with respect to drug responses[4]. In this study, we examine the flow patterns and transport issues in the 3D layered microfluidic device that mimicks the tumor microenvironment.
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Geisler, Chris G., David M. Wootton, Peter I. Lelkes, Richard Fair, and Jack G. Zhou. "Material Study for Electrowetting-Based Multi-Microfluidics Array Printing of High Resolution Tissue Construct With Embedded Cells and Growth Factors." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13048.

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Tissue engineering (TE) is evolving as a potential solution for repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged tissues. TE faces major manufacturing challenges: manufacturing techniques are needed to mimic tissue and extra cellular matrix (ECM) architecture, with high resolution (less than 10 μm) for tissues such as myocardium (heart muscle), blood vessels, bone or nerves; innovative methods are needed for delivery of cells and growth factors into scaffolds; and manufacturing techniques are needed to create vascular structure in tissue construct; lack of nutrient transport currently limits the size and cellular content of implants.
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Li, Lei, Xuetao Shi, Xiaoqing Lv, and Jing Liu. "A Biomimetic Microfluidic Device for the Study of the Response of Endothelial Cells Under Mechanical Forces." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36430.

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Vascular science is an active area of medicine and biological research. In recent years, intensive research has been focused on the reaction of endothelial cells (ECs) to relevant biological, chemical, or physical cues in vitro. The primary thing of these studies is to make a biomimic environment of ECs which is closer to the in vivo conditions. Here we developed a microfluidic system and fabricated a grooved micropattern thin film to simulate inner blood vessel wall. The micropattern structure was generated by using the elastic biocompatible material poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured on the grooved micropattern film. After the cells reached confluence, the thin PDMS film with cells was inserted into the biological grade plastic tube. Then cell culture medium was perfused into the tube and the cellular responses under shear stress and pressure were investigated. The F-actin cytoskeleton and the nuclei of the cells were stained for examination. This microfluidic system provides a convenient and cost-effective platform for the studies of cellular response to mechanical forces. Moreover, this system could also be used for studying cellular responses to drugs under mechanical forces.
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