Journal articles: 'Microfinance programme'

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Jumpah, Emmanuel Tetteh, Yaw Osei-Asare, and Emmanuel Kodjo Tetteh. "Do farmer and credit specific characteristics matter in microfinance programmes’ participation? Evidence from smallholder farmers in Ada west and east districts." Agricultural Finance Review 79, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2018-0044.

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Purpose Users of smallholder farmer microfinance are able to make enough returns to repay credits advanced to them. However, they are in dire need of financial capital such that they are inconsiderate of farmer- and credit-specific characteristics when participating in a microfinance programme. This study analyses perceptions of stakeholders regarding select farmer and credit characteristics within the microfinance industry. The study identifies and analyses the factors that influence participation in a microfinance programme by farmers using the logistic regression model. The purpose of this paper is to widen the knowledge base of rural agricultural finance, including factors that influence participation in microfinance intervention(s) thereof. Design/methodology/approach A total of 104 participants and 120 non-participant farmers in microfinance programmes were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire by applying the multistage sampling technique. The paper applied the logistic regression model in which farmer- and credit-specific characteristics were used to estimate the probabilities of participation. Findings The logistic regression results showed that distance, interest rate, experience, membership of farmer-based organisation, number of dependants, household, gender and age were statistically significant farmer- and credit-specific characteristics that influence participation in microfinance programmes. Interest rate and distance exact negative significance influence on participation, whereas membership of farmer-based organisations, experience, gender, household head and age influence participation positively. Reduction in the interest rate and expansion of microfinance to very remote areas rather than locations in urban areas are crucial in terms of improving participation. Research limitations/implications The paper used data from only farmers so there is a limit to which the results can be generalised for all microfinance users. It may be relevant to undertake a study that considers non-farm enterprises. Practical implications This paper brings to light the need to develop well-structured microfinance facilities that meet the specific needs of the rural poor in transitioning economies while taking into consideration critical factors affecting participation before the establishment of such programmes. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence to show that farmer- and credit-specific characteristics are essential to ensure participation and success of microfinance programmes thereof.

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Arif, Muhammad, Raja Sultan, and Zahid Hussain. "Role of Islamic Microfinance in Socio-economic Development." International Journal of Emerging Issues in Islamic Studies 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijeiis.v2i2.1001.

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Prime Minister Imran Khan introduced an interest-free loan programme through a public-private collaboration as part of the Kamyab Jawan Programme 2022. A huge number of low-income and susceptible households benefited immensely from this programme. This program's goal is to end poverty by giving low-income individuals interest-free loans to launch their own small businesses. Primary data for this research was gathered from 184 beneficiaries of the lenders who received interest-free loans from the prime minister under the Kamyab Jawan programme in two districts of Sindh. Records of beneficiaries were taken from two chosen districts, and each component was chosen using a simple random sampling method. For this study, study participants of both genders were represented equally. A self-managed device was used to gather data directly from the recipients of the Prime Minister's interest-free loans. The findings show that the Prime Minister's Interest Free Loan Program is significantly enhancing the socioeconomic, economic, and social and political wellness of the recipients. Most survey participants reported significantly improved financial, personal, and sociopolitical wellness. Enhanced social, financial, and political wellness were also found to be related to interest-free loans in one sample binominal assessment. The majority of participants expressed satisfaction with the interest-free loan programme offered by the Kamyab Jawan programme, believing that it had a significant impact on decreasing the level of security vulnerabilities and poverty following the COVID-19 disease outbreak. The study's author suggested that this program's based on geography reach be increased in some way to attain as many poor and vulnerable communities as possible.

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Md Saad, Norma, and Azizah Anuar. "‘Cash Waqf’ and Islamic Microfinance: Untapped Economic Opportunities." ICR Journal 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2009): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v1i2.751.

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The success of microfinance programmes in alleviating poverty in many countries has spurred the development of faith-based microfinance institutions. Muslims have combined certain elements in Islamic finance and microfinance to create a new programme called ‘Islamic microfinance’ and use it as a tool to fight poverty in their community. Even though microfinance is proven successful in fighting poverty, current microfinance practised by commercial banks in Malaysia has several shortcomings. Current weaknesses include stringent credit evaluation and missing the real target group, i.e., the poor and the needy. Furthermore, the mode of financing is mostly personal loan using bay’ al-‘inah, whereby the use of the loan is to fulfil personal consumption instead of income-generating activities. Given these shortcomings, the article explores the possibility of using ‘cash waqf’ as a new source of funding for Islamic microfinance and proposes a new concept and application of Islamic microfinance so that it is truly in line with the Islamic spirit of microfinance. It is hoped that with this new concept and application of Islamic microfinance, the use of microfinance genuinely caters for the needs of the poor as well as generating socio-economic growth of the Muslim ummah.

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Poston, Angus. "Lessons from a microfinance recapitalisation programme." Disasters 34, no. 2 (March 8, 2010): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01131.x.

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Natarajan, Nithya, Katherine Brickell, Vincent Guermond, Sabina Lawreniuk, and Laurie Parsons. "Challenging the financial inclusion-decent work nexus: evidence from Cambodia’s over-indebted internal migrants." Global Public Policy and Governance 1, no. 3 (September 2021): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43508-021-00026-7.

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AbstractIn this paper, we question the promotion of financial inclusion, and microfinance specifically, as a means to achieve ‘Decent Work’ (DW) under the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) programme. Drawing upon original research findings from two types of internal migrants in Cambodia, we make a twin contention: first, that excessive levels of microfinance borrowing by garment workers are part-outcome of the failings of the DW programme to engender ‘decent enough work’, and second, that microfinance borrowing is actually eroding rather than contributing to the prospect of decent work for debt-bonded brickmakers in the country. The data presented on two of the largest sectors contributing to Cambodia’s growth in recent decades, enable the paper to show how microfinance and labour precarity are intertwined through the over-indebtedness of workers in both cases. The paper ultimately looks to caution the ILO on its current promotion of financial inclusion and microfinance in particular, stressing the need for significant sectoral reforms before this form of credit can be considered to align with the core principles of the DW programme.

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Natarajan, Nithya, Katherine Brickell, Vincent Guermond, Sabina Lawreniuk, and Laurie Parsons. "Challenging the financial inclusion-decent work nexus: evidence from Cambodia’s over-indebted internal migrants." Global Public Policy and Governance 1, no. 3 (September 2021): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43508-021-00026-7.

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AbstractIn this paper, we question the promotion of financial inclusion, and microfinance specifically, as a means to achieve ‘Decent Work’ (DW) under the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) programme. Drawing upon original research findings from two types of internal migrants in Cambodia, we make a twin contention: first, that excessive levels of microfinance borrowing by garment workers are part-outcome of the failings of the DW programme to engender ‘decent enough work’, and second, that microfinance borrowing is actually eroding rather than contributing to the prospect of decent work for debt-bonded brickmakers in the country. The data presented on two of the largest sectors contributing to Cambodia’s growth in recent decades, enable the paper to show how microfinance and labour precarity are intertwined through the over-indebtedness of workers in both cases. The paper ultimately looks to caution the ILO on its current promotion of financial inclusion and microfinance in particular, stressing the need for significant sectoral reforms before this form of credit can be considered to align with the core principles of the DW programme.

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Abeysekera, Ruwan. "Sustainability of Business Development Services: Evidence from the Sri Lankan Microfinance Sector." Journal of Enterprising Culture 28, no. 01 (March 2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495820500041.

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This study explores the issues faced by Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Sri Lanka in sustaining their business development services (BDS) and the strategies that they use to overcome these issues. A multiple case study methodology was used in the study to conduct an in-depth examination of six microfinance institutions in Sri Lanka. The findings show that MFIs in Sri Lanka face issues such as lack of donor money, central bank regulations, and low client demand for BDS which hinder the financial sustainability of BDS in MFIs. MFIs therefore, employ several strategies to circumvent these issues, including the use of coupon systems, charging a fee from the client, obtaining commission from the buyers for market linkages, and linking credit to the BDS programme in order to sustain their BDS programmes. The findings are useful to microfinance practitioners, policy makers and contribute to the knowledge domain of microfinance.

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Hassan, Abul, and Shamim Saleem. "An Islamic microfinance business model in Bangladesh." Humanomics 33, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-08-2016-0066.

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Purpose The main purpose of this study is two-fold: first, it aims to confirm or disapprove a positive relationship between Islamic microfinance and the socio-economic welfare of women and, second, it aims to explore the perspective in which Islamic microfinance packages function in Bangladesh and the system of their performance can be enhanced. Design/methodology/approach Based on structured questionnaires’ survey, this study addressed two research questions: What should be anticipated from the programmes of Islamic microfinance on the well-being of beneficiaries and under what circumstances would such programmes be more useful? Findings The main result of this study shows that growth in women’s revenue and resources played an important role in improving women’s financial freedom and sense of self-possession. A significant policy endorsement in this study is that it is essential to redirect Islamic microfinance to spread in the developmental activities which will drive to contribute towards the well-being of the recipients in the long run. Originality/value Examination of the Rural Development Scheme of Islami Bank Bangladesh is undertaken, aiming to critically review their Islamic microfinance programme in the matter of fighting poverty in Bangladesh and to suggest to diversify the Islamic microfinance scheme to spread in the developmental activities which will drive to contribute towards the well-being of the recipients in the long run.

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Mohapatra, Simantini, and Bimal Kishore Sahoo. "Determinants of participation in self-help-groups (SHG) and its impact on women empowerment." Indian Growth and Development Review 9, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-04-2015-0016.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to gain meaningful insights into a microfinance programme in two different agro-ecological settings in India. The study, using primary survey data, attempts to examine individual, household and environmental characteristics that determine participation in a self-help group (SHG)–bank linkage programme in Odisha. Design/methodology/approach Primary data are collected by a stratified random sampling method. The sample size is 300 households and information is collected by canvassing a pre-designed schedule to women through door-to-door in-depth interviews. In addition, focus group discussions have been conducted to get qualitative information. A probit binary model is applied to examine the factors determining participation in a SHG–bank linkage programme. A composite index of women empowerment is computed taking three dimensions: autonomy, economic empowerment and the gender relationship. Further, ordinary least square multiple regression and treatment effect evaluation by propensity score matching is carried out to study the impact of participation on women empowerment. Findings The study finds that the programme has by-passed the poorest of the poor. It is observed, however, that participation in microfinance has a positive and significant impact on women empowerment. Research limitations/implications Given the research methodology adopted in this study, one concern is whether the results generalise. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Practical implications To improve status of women particularly in developing and underdeveloped regions, microfinance can act as a catalyst. Social implications Microfinance in the form of SHG–bank linkage should be promoted, particularly for those social groups and religious communities where women are discriminated. Their participation in SHG–bank linkage programme will improve their social status through empowerment. Originality/value This study illustrates how microfinance can improve the status of women.

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Ahmad, Danish, Itismita Mohanty, and Theophile Niyonsenga. "Improving birth preparedness and complication readiness in rural India through an integrated microfinance and health literacy programme: evidence from a quasi-experimental study." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e054318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054318.

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ObjectiveRecently, a novel community health programme—the integrated microfinance and health literacy (IMFHL) programme was implemented through microfinance-based women’s only self-help groups (SHGs) in India to promote birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) to improve maternal health. The study evaluated the impact of the IMFHL programme on BPCR practice by women in one of India’s poorest states—Uttar Pradesh—adjusting for the community, household and individual variables. The paper also examined for any diffusion of knowledge of BPCR from SHG members receiving the health literacy intervention to non-members in programme villages.DesignQuasi-experimental study using cross-sectional survey data.SettingsSecondary survey data from the IMFHL programme were used.ParticipantsSurvey data were collected from 17 244 women in households with SHG member and non-member households in rural India.Primary outcomesMultivariable logistic regression was used to estimate main and adjusted IMFHL programme effects on maternal BPCR practice in their last pregnancy.ResultsMembership in SHGs alone is positively associated with BPCR practice, with 17% higher odds (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.29, p<0.01) of these women practising BPCR compared with women in villages without the programmes. Furthermore, the odds of practising complete BPCR increase to almost 50% (OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.63, p<0.01) when a maternal health literacy component is added to the SHGs. A diffusion effect was found for BPCR practice from SHG members to non-members when the health literacy component was integrated into the SHG model.ConclusionsThe results suggest that SHG membership exerts a positive impact on planned health behaviour and a diffusion effect of BPCR practice from members to non-members when SHGs are enriched with a health literacy component. The study provides evidence to guide the implementation of community health programmes seeking to promote BPCR practise in low resource settings.

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Vachya, L., and B. Kamaiah. "Microfinance Impact on Socio-Economic Empowerment." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 4, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v4i1.204.

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The present study seeks to examine the role of microfinance and its impact on economic and social empowerment of women. The study used multi-stage stratified proportionate random sampling technique in the selection of the representative district, mandal/taluka, villages and households. Empirically acclaimed logistic regression model has been employed for analyzing significant impact of plausible socio-economic factors on women empowerment. The study found that the socio-economic indicators have undergone significant changes. It also emerged that there has been an increase in women participation in the household decision making process. The study suggests that the government should prepare suitable plans and programmes for the social and economic empowerment of women. The study also suggests that policy measures such as increase in frequency of SHG meeting, SHG training programme, increase in loan amount and ensuring effective utilization of the loan, may be the useful initiatives to enhance women empowerment, income and employment opportunities.

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Ahmad Rifai, Koi-Nyen Wong, and Soo-Khoon Goh. "Is Village-Level Microfinance Beneficial at the Community, Enterprise and Household Levels? A Case Study from Indonesia." International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 1508–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.4319.2021.

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The local governments of the Riau Province of Indonesia had been given the mandate to use UED-SP as a microfinance programme to serve the financial needs of the rural poor, to promote rural economic activities and to create employment opportunities. Despite the village-level microfinance programme was able to accomplish rural outreach with financial sustainability (Rifai et al., 2019), there is limited evidence to validate its real impact on the rural MFI participants at three different levels of village development. The findings reveal that microloans appear to have positive impacts on the microfinance participants at the community level, at the level of micro-enterprise and at the household level. The rural MFIs should be targeting this village segment of the rural poor, while the local governments should provide the support to warrant deeper outreach.

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Mahbubur Rahman, A. H. M., and Matiur Rahman. "EFFECTS OF LOCKDOWN ON MICROCREDIT PROGRAMMES AND ITS BORROWERS LIVELIHOOD CONDITION DUE TO COVID-19 ON SOME SELECTED NGO-MFIS IN BANGLADESH." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 04 (April 30, 2021): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12655.

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A new type of life threaten virus namely COVID-19 spread out all over the world at the end of 2019 and it is continuing until now. Government of many countries were forced to declare state of emergency like lockdown to maintain social distance from each other as the virus was infectious and still there is no vaccination or medication innovated to protect it. Bangladesh Government was also declared lockdown for more than two months started from end of March to end of May in the year 2020. All types of communication and economic activities were stopped during the lockdown time. Like many other sector microfinance sector and its beneficiaries were also suffered a lot. Through this study it has been revealed that during lockdown period microfinance programme affected and the livelihood situation of its beneficiaries were also affected severely. Based on the findings, some recommendations have been made for further strengthening of microfinance programmes and improvement of livelihood situation of its beneficiaries.

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Mafukata, Mavhungu Abel, Grace Kancheya, and Willie Dhlandhara. "Factors Influencing Poverty Alleviation amongst Microfinance Adopting Households in Zambia." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 3, no. 2 (April 22, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v3i2.95.

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The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors having the most influence on the alleviation of poverty amongst the households adopting microfinance in Zambia. Ninety nine (n=99) respondents were randomly and purposively selected from amongst 340 microfinance adopters of the so-called Micro Bankers Trust programme operating a microfinance business in the Makululu Compound of Kabwe, Zambia. Socio-demographic primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews based on a semi-structured questionnaire instrument. The data were entered into an excel spreadsheet for analysis. The descriptive data were thereafter exported and fitted to an empirical model. The descriptive results revealed that the majority of the respondents were married, unemployed, fairly educated younger women from larger-sized poor households who drew their household income mainly from microfinance activities. The majority of the respondents thought microfinance had improved their well-being in some crucial areas. The results of the empirical model found that some respondents were indeed alleviated from poverty through microfinance. Conclusion drawn in this paper is that microfinance does alleviate poverty of the poor.

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Nargis, Farhana. "Poverty Reduction and Human Development: Impact of ENRICH Programme on Income Poverty in Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Human Development 13, no. 1 (April 2019): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703019834741.

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This article aims to analyse the impact of the ENRICH programme (a holistic microfinance programme with multiple intervention) in poverty alleviation. It is based on a survey of 1,800 households selected both in programme implemented and control areas. The cost of basic needs method was used in this study to calculate the poverty lines for the year 2015. This study shows that there has been a significant impact of the ENRICH programme on poverty. The programme has resulted in an additional 10 percentage point poverty reduction in the programme areas, besides contributing to a decrease in the number of extremely poor households over time. Moreover, it has contributed to social and community development with its participants feeling more respected and dignified than before.

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Bhusare, Shital Prakash, and Ruby Chanda. "Micro-Finance & Micro-Credit for Sustainable Development." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n3.p4.

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<div>Poverty is one of the biggest challenges to the development of a developing country like India where a major population is living in rural and semi-urban areas. Institutional credit is considered as a powerful tool for alleviating poverty. Microfinance is the supply of loans, savings, and other basic financial services to the poor. As the financial services of microfinance usually involve small amounts of money – small loans, small savings etc. the term "Microfinance" helps to differentiate these services from those of commercial banks. Microfinance in India has been through two channels of credit delivery to poor and low-income households–Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) and the Microfinance institutions lending through groups as well as directly to individuals. This study was with the overall objective of conducting a detailed analysis of interest rates, costs and margins of microfinance institutions. This study highlights the reach and the impact on the customers and the channels used by these firms for the effectiveness of Micro Finance and Microcredit schemes. For the purpose of analysis the statistical tools like Mean, Standard deviation, coefficient of co-relation and regression have been used. Microfinance is playing a very important role in decrease poverty. Microfinance to the rural SHGs is a way to raise the income level and improve the living standards of the rural peoples. Thus, it can be concluded that the self-help groups contribute substantially in pushing the conditions of the rural population up.</div>

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Sarker, Debashis. "Inclusion of disabled people in microfinance institutions: Where does Bangladesh stand?" International Journal Of Innovation And Economic Development 1, no. 1 (2015): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.11.2007.

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This article constitutes a summary of the literatures and practices on the microfinance industry and its contribution, the status of people with disabilities (PWDs), and the case studies for financial inclusion in Bangladesh. Many Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) are operating to serve all segments of the clients for financial inclusion. People with Disabilities encounter several exclusions in the mainstream microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. At the same time, MFIs faces numerous challenges to serve these people. Even if it is not a formal analysis, it is still found that PWDs encounter tremendous discrimination such as social, political, physical, cultural, environmental; serious barriers including formal and self-employment, less access to credit, government support and social safety net system. On the other hand, these people often put themselves into ‘benefit traps’. Microfinance institutions do not realize that many disabled people are economically active, that disabled customers expect service, and do not know how to adapt products for disabled people. The profitable partnership between MFIs and Disabled People’s Organization (DPOs) are absent in practice. The government’s social safety nets programme is also very limited. Economic rehabilitation would come into progress when integration happens by blending social protection and necessary resources for income generation.

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Olateju, Adijat Olubukola. "Factors that Influence Men and Women Participation in Microcredit Programme in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Cowries Microfinance Bank (CMD)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 13 (May 31, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n13p75.

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Financial inclusion is paramount for economic growth, economic development, job creation, and poverty reduction. Evidence has shown that to ensure financial inclusion policy measures and developmental programmes need to be country specific and should be based on individual country's gender gap. Given this, this study examined the factors that determine men and women entrepreneurs’ access to microcredit programme in Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 359 female micro-entrepreneurs and 191 male microentrepreneurs were selected through a simple random sampling method among the customers of Cowries Microfinance Bank (CMB). Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results of the logistic regression show that only four of the variables used in measuring the determinants of participation in the credit programme were significant for the male entrepreneurs while for the female entrepreneurs, almost all the variables were significant except the age variable of the respondents. It is therefore, recommended that policymakers, microfinance banks, NGOs are advised to consider the age, number of years of education, political involvement and experience of the male entrepreneurs when granting loan facility to the male. However, for the female entrepreneurs, policymakers should take cognizance of the marital status, years of education, experience acquired in the business, size of the household, political membership, and level of income when providing credit facilities to the female entrepreneurs. Consequently, this will help to ensure that loan facility is given to the right person so that the gender gap regarding credit accessibility are closed, thereby leading to economic growth and sustainable economic development.

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Harita, M., and A. Amruth Prasad Reddy. "RESEARCH STRUCTURE OF A STUDY ON MICRO FINANCE, FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT WITH REFERENCE TO SELECTED URBAN AREAS IN SRI POTTI SRIRAMULU NELLORE DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2022): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15385.

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Financial system of the country is backbone to the countrys growth. In the context of developing nations, a well-designed microfinance programme is seen as a successful institutional instrument for promoting socioeconomic development of economically disadvantaged sectors of society, particularly women. Women, in general, have difficulties obtaining institutional credit due to a lack of assets that may be used as security. Microfinance, as an alternate delivery method, focuses on women since women are more likely than males to be credit limited.The present paper is the blue print of the research entitled A study on micro finance, financial inclusion and women empowerment with reference to selected urban areas in Potti Sriramulu Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh.

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Ghalib, Asad K. "HOW EFFECTIVE IS MICROFINANCE IN REACHING THE POOREST? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON PROGRAMME OUTREACH IN RURAL PAKISTAN." Journal of Business Economics and Management 14, no. 3 (June 27, 2013): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.639796.

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Microfinance has emerged on the global scale as a key strategy to reduce poverty and promote development. Most literature however, tends to concentrate on breadth as opposed to depth of programme outreach. This paper is based on a primary household survey of 1,132 respondents in the Punjab Province of Pakistan to assess which category of the poor is being served by microfinance institutions: are they the very poor, middle poor or less poor ones? In order to make comparisons, borrower (treatment) and non-borrower (control) households are ranked by poverty scores generated by employing Principal Component Analysis. The study reveals that the depth of poverty outreach is significantly lower than what has been claimed by lenders. The paper reflects on policy implications to enhance depth (as opposed to breadth) of outreach to address the needs of the ‘poorest of the poor’ in order to contribute meaningfully and effectively towards combating poverty.

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Dhungana, Bharat Ram, Arjun Timlasina, Bandana Thapa, and Devi Raman Tiwari Tiwari. "Effects of Microfinance Services on Economic Status Improvement: A Case of SKBBL, Pokhara, Nepal." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v4i2.50315.

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Background: Microfinance is an effective tool for financial inclusion and poverty reduction in developing countries like Nepal. It delivers financial and non-financial services to unbanked people from formal financial services. Microfinance services support people from weaker sections of society with a view of socio-economic transformation. Low access to finance is a problem for poor and marginalized people. Microfinance institutions provide microcredit to unbanked people without physical collateral. Thus they help people from lower-income groups improve their livelihood through productive investment. Objectives: This paper aims to examine the effects of microfinance services on the economic status of clients' status with references to Sana Kisan Bikas Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha Limited (SKBBL), Pokhara, Nepal. Methods: The research presents the findings of data collected through a survey research design in the Kaski district of Nepal. The researchers administered the survey questionnaire to 235 clients of SKBBL microfinance institutions involved in the programme for the last five or more years. We used a stratified random sampling technique to collect the data. The sample population comprised 70 from a scheduled caste (Dalit), 75 from ethnic groups, and 90 from upper castes. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. The paired sample t-test has been used to examine the effects of microfinance intervention on occupational status, income level, consumption expenditure, capital expenditure, and monthly savings of the clients. Results: The results show that microfinance has contributed a significant role. It has enabled people from lower income groups to access microcredit and encourage productive investment that facilitates productive investment and economic transformation. -The result derived from paired sample t-test finds the positive effects of microfinance intervention on occupational status, income level, consumption, capital expenditure, and saving habits. Conclusion: This study concludes that role of microcredit is significant in enhancing the clients' economic status. Microfinance positively affects clients' earnings, savings, spending, asset accumulation, and occupational status. However, utilizing microcredit in productive sectors is necessary to empower the clients' economic status. The findings indicate that microfinance institutions must focus on effective microcredit applications to help create micro-businesses and improve the clients' livelihood status.

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Md Saad, Norma, and Jarita Duasa. "Determinants of Economic Performance of Micro-Credit Clients and Prospects for Islamic Microfinance in Malaysia." ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2010): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v2i1.94.

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This study is divided into two parts. The first part of the study utilises econometric models to assess the economic performance of clients participating in the microcredit programme of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM). Several proxies are used for the economic performance variable (dependent variable), including level of earnings/income, ratio of spending to income and value of assets. The regressors (independent variables) used are education level, age, amount of loan, source of income and ownership of assets. The second part of this study concentrates on analysing the prospects of introducing Islamic microfinance products to be used in microfinance activities in Malaysia. In the first part of the study, we find that the economic performance of AIM participants is significantly determined by the amount of money borrowed from AIM. Other factors found to influence the respondents’ economic performance are education level, age, gender, assets owned before joining AIM and area of residence. Because level of education is found to contribute significantly to the economic performance of AIM participants, it is suggested that AIM work to educate its borrowers, and more specifically, to provide business training. In the second part of the study, the results show that there is a great demand for Islamic microfinance products in Malaysia. The findings of the study could serve as general guidelines for microfinance institutions in designing Islamic microfinance products for either Muslims or non-Muslim micro-entrepreneurs.

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Rajpal, Navin Kumar, and Sharmila Tamang. "Efficiency and Effectiveness Evaluation of Micro-credit Programme in Transforming Rural Women Entrepreneurs: Experiences from Balasore District of Odisha." Emerging Economies Cases Journal 3, no. 2 (December 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25166042211060933.

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The micro-credit programme was introduced with multi-dimensional objectives and therefore was always under direct purview of various government agencies. Microfinance in Odisha works under umbrella of Mission Shakti and TRIPTI (a world bank initiated project). Balasore district is selected on the basis of MFPI index taking into consideration the saving, credit linkage and credit-deposit ratio indicators. The analysis had shown positive impact of programme on various economic, social and decision making dimensions. The linked financial institutions have undertaken SHGs as their major customers and therefore positive impact on loan disbursement and recovery rate is observed.

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Saraf, Aparna Bhonde. "Impact Of Self Help Groups On Women Empowerment: A Study With Reference To Women Self Help Groups In Aurangabad District." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 5, no. 1 (December 8, 2011): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v5i1.386.

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Microfinance is the most experimented philosophy in today’s era. It has infact become a strategic tool for financial inclusion as well. The quantitative growth of microfinance in India mainly through Self Help Groups (SHG) is quiet evident from various studies and reports. Self Help Groups are emerging as a popular vehicle of microfinance. Substantial majority of these groups are women SHGs. In India of more than 61 lakhs of SHGs formed under the NABARD’s SHG-Bank Linkage programme, almost 83% are women SHGs. They are used largely for poverty alleviation. However, various studies reveal that SHGs can supplement empowerment equally. SHGs are providing financial orientation and benefits to the participants. Obviously, this leads to economic empowerment of the members. In addition the group mechanism is assumed to be useful for social empowerment also. The dynamics of this philosophy is studied recently with some positive results. An attempt is made to understand the impact of SHGs on women empowerment. The study also focuses on examining the role of certain factors (influencers) in affecting empowerment.

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Maroof, Sheikh Aftaabul, and Mohi-Ud-Din Sangmi. "Microfinance and Socio-Economic Impact: An Assessment of SHG-Bank Linkage Programme." Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 5, no. 9 (2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7323.2015.00114.5.

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Adam, Latif, and Esta Lestari. "Indonesia's Guaranteed Microfinance Programme (KUR): Lessons from the First Stage of Implementation." Southeast Asian Economies 34, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 322–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae34-2e.

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Deb, Joyeeta. "Competition and Commercialisation of Microfinance Institutions: Implications for the Sector." Think India 21, no. 2 (May 16, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v21i2.7760.

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Until 1990s microfinance was mainly seen as an impact – driven development programme based on the support of government and private donors. However, the failure of many subsidy dependent development institutions advocated for microfinance institutions to be self-sufficient and sustainable. This prompted MFIs to be commercially oriented and profit motivated. Also, with the growing proliferation of new providers of microcredit and influx of commercial investment in the sector, there is an increasing intensity of competition in the sector. Increased competition coupled with commercialisation helped in integrating the low-income population into a more formal financial system. But critics view that, this process has led the MFIs to search for better off clientele, thereby in many cases, departing from their social mission. Increasing competition followed by saturation in the sector has led to the mission drift of MFIs and has become a major cause of concern globally. However, some view this process to be a “win-win’ scenario whereby there exists scope for widening outreach and attaining sustainability. The present paper is devoted to examine the process of commercialisation and gauge the potential impact of competition and commercialisation of microfinance institutions on MFI performance from a theoretical standpoint.

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BALDI, Guido, and Viktorija ŠIPILOVA. "HOW BIG ARE THE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF MICROLOANS? EVIDENCE FROM A CASE STUDY IN LATVIA." Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v5.1(9).02.

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Microloans to small and medium-sized enterprises have become popular in many countries. However, evidence on the economic and social impact of microfinance is scarce. In an attempt to partly fill this gap, this paper looks at a case study and analyzes the economic impacts of the microloan programme of the Latvian development bank Hipoteku Banka. In our analysis, we focus on the following questions: Did the microloan programme increase employment within the supported firms? And was it able to contribute to the economic development of rural areas and the decrease of economic inequalities across regions? We find that the firms that were granted a loan from Hipoteku Banka on average considerably increased their employment during the loan period, as well as the microloan programme made a successful contribution to the economic development of rural regions in Latvia.

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Churchill, Craig. "The shifting paradigm in microfinance — the case of Get Ahead's Stokvel Lending Programme." Small Enterprise Development 8, no. 1 (March 1997): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.1997.005.

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Yarikipati, Jaya Priyadarshini, and Srinivasa Rao Pinamala. "Village Level Analysis of Credit and Livelihood Enhancement of Microfinance in Andhra Pradesh." Journal of Global Economy 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2014): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v10i1.328.

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Micro finance as an institution are seen to have characteristics that help to solve the problems of moral hazard and adverse selection, which are the existing problems of rural credit institutions which other institutions failed to do. Group lending, peer monitoring and joint liability systems solve the adverse selection and moral hazard issues associated with rural credit markets. This study also focused in finding out the impact of micro finance programme on poverty, money lenders, women empowerment and living standards of the rural poor based on the primary and secondary data collected from Kamavarapukota mandal in Andhra Pradesh in India. Using primary data collected from the filled survey through the constructive schedules and personal interview to estimates the linkages between microfinance and its impacts on rural credit facilities, dependency ratio of money lenders for their credit needs, reduction of rural poverty, and empowerment of women in socio-economic activities.Â The conclusion of this study, clearly states that the introducing microfinance inducing the overall improvements of their credit facilities as well as augmentations of their livelihood facilities in different sections of the society.Â Further positive effects of this programme is that toÂ reinforcements of vulnerable groups or targeted population Particularly, SCs, STS, OBCs and other weaker section of the society directly to empower and to participateÂ in social, economic, Â and political activities

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Sarkar, Suparna, and Subhra Chattopadhyay. "Significance of the Microcredit Delivery Models for Livelihood Upgradation: A Comparison Between SHGs–Bank Linkage Model and Micro Finance Institutions Model with Case Studies from Rural West Bengal, India." SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies 48, no. 2 (June 2021): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09708464211068085.

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Microfinance is seen as a useful way to alleviate the financial problem of the rural poor. In India, SHG bank linkage (SBL) programme and the Microfinance institution (MFI) are two main sources of microcredit. This article aims to compare the importance of the credit delivery processes under these two types of microfinancing approaches in ordering the livelihood of the recipients. For this purpose, a set of indicators are chosen from different domains of livelihood. Information is collected through a primary survey in some selective villages of West Bengal, India and is analysed using different statistical techniques. It is found that the MFI recipients experience better impact than SBL recipients though the SBL’s recipients have greater improvement in cases of savings habit, mobility, and access to the health. Besides, the number of loans received and the mode of utilisation of the credit are observed as the most significant factors influencing the livelihood outcome in both cases.

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Prasad Pati, Ambika. "Contribution of Microfinance in Achieving Millennium Development Goals." International Journal of Rural Management 13, no. 2 (September 21, 2017): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005217725412.

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Evidences world over largely acknowledge the contribution of empowered women on education and health of the family. Since all over the world microfinance (MF) is mainly intervened through women, their economic empowerment should have a salubrious impact on poverty and social variables. The linkage of MF with Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) accepted by United Nations in 2010 further boosted this belief. However, literature on MF linkage with social transformations does not provide concrete evidence. In this article, with the help of a set of 92 cross-country pooled data for 9 years (2007–15), a linkage assessment of MF and MDGs related to poverty, that is, poverty headcount ratio and school enrolment at primary level of female and ratio of girls to boys in primary education, that is, Gender Parity Index, is attempted. With the help of pooled ordinary least square regression, three models were separately developed for the selected MDGs. While the findings do provide evidence about the participation of poor in MF and poverty reduction linkage, the education-related MDGs were less influenced by the MF programme. This prompts to suggest that overall capacity-building interventions at grass-roots level are also required along with MF for achieving MDGs.

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Jafree, Sara Rizvi, Rubeena Zakar, Humna Ahsan, Mudasir Mustafa, and Florian Fischer. "Impact of microfinance health interventions on health-related outcomes among female informal workers in Pakistan: a retrospective quasi-experimental study." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e043544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043544.

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to assess the impact of microfinance health interventions (health insurance and health-awareness programmes) on health-related outcomes among female informal workers in Pakistan.DesignWe conducted a retrospective, quasi-experimental study among a total of 442 female borrowers from seven microfinance providers (MFPs) across four provinces of Pakistan in 2018. A standardised tool was used for data collection. Probit regression was used to identify the probability of female borrowers gaining improvements in health outcomes based on their sociodemographic characteristics. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to assess the overall impact of health interventions.Primary outcome measuresFour health-related outcomes reported by the women were used: perception of good health overall, ability to visit a general practitioner, ability to purchase prescribed medicine and intake of multivitamins.ResultsWe found that women receiving health interventions had a greater probability of better health outcomes when they were from Punjab province, borrowing in groups and attending monthly meetings at MFPs. Even with a small loan amount, all four health-related outcomes were significantly associated with receiving health insurance and health-awareness programmes. PSM results show a greater likelihood of overall perceived good health (nearest neighbour matching (NNM) =17.4%; kernel matching (KM) =11.8%) when health insurance is provided and a significant improvement in the ability to purchase prescribed medicine when a health-awareness programme is provided (NNM=10.1%; KM=11.7%).ConclusionHealth and social policies are vital to secure health and well-being among poor women working in the informal sector. Targeting improved equity across female population groups for health interventions will in the long run improve poor women’s health, income-earning abilities and capacity expansion for small businesses.

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Olateju, Adijat O., Soo Y. Chua, and Abdul Fatah Che Hamat. "Determinants of Microentrepreneurs’ Participation in Cowries Microfinance Bank (CMB) Programme in Lagos State, Nigeria." Journal of the Knowledge Economy 10, no. 3 (February 13, 2018): 1114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13132-018-0527-z.

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Deng, Yanhua, Kevin J. O'Brien, and Jiajian Chen. "Enthusiastic Policy Implementation and its Aftermath: The Sudden Expansion and Contraction of China's Microfinance for Women Programme." China Quarterly 234 (March 15, 2018): 506–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018000425.

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AbstractMany China scholars have explored shirking by local officials and “effective implementation,” but fewer have examined polices that are implemented with great enthusiasm. The Microfinance for Women Programme fits in this last category. Especially in Sichuan, targets for lending were set by the province, exceeded, raised by cities and counties, and then exceeded again. The immediate reason that lending took off in 2012 was the relaxation of collateral requirements that shifted the risk of defaults away from local authorities. But the surge in lending also had deeper roots in the policy's vagueness, institutional incentives, bureaucratic pressure, and local fiscal and organizational interests. Although enthusiastic implementation occurred (and generated much-needed revenues for local governments), the history of the programme also shows that it can be halted, as was the case when instability loomed and the authorities reversed bureaucratic pressure by calling for local cost-sharing and introducing uncertainty over whether interest subsidies would continue.

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Babu M., Muneer. "Some Determinants of Changes in the Real Income of Microfinance Programme Participating Households in Kerala." International Journal of Rural Management 12, no. 1 (April 2016): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005216634138.

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Gonzalez, Lauro, and Rafael Magnus Barbosa Moser. "Green microfinance: the case of the Cresol System in Southern Brazil." Revista de Administração Pública 49, no. 4 (August 2015): 1039–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612134039.

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Climate change which until recently seemed a luxury for the microfinance sector, now appears to be crucial for the future of the sector. Due to their low adaptive capacity, the millions of MF clients worldwide happen to be the most vulnerable to a changing climate. Adapting previous analysis conducted in Nepal and Bangladesh by Agrawala and Maëlis (2010) to the Brazilian context, in this inductive qualitative study we aim to assess potential synergies between MF and CC actions and what strategies can be harnessed to better respond to CC vulnerabilities at client/MF level. To do so, we investigated the case of the second largest rural microcredit programme in Brazil, Sistema Cresol de Cooperativas de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária. Albeit important overlaps between Cresol's product envelope and CC strategies exist, there is still room to realise synergies to both mitigate a new potential source of risk to Cresol's portfolio and to increase clients' adaptive capacity.

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Ranabhat, Deepesh, and Bharat Ram Dhungana. "Micro-credit for the Small Enterprises Development: A Case of Kaski District, Nepal." Prithvi Academic Journal 4 (May 12, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/paj.v4i0.37007.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of micro-credit on the small or micro-enterprises development with reference to Kaski district of Nepal. The descriptive and analytical research design is used and the research is based on the primary sources of data collected through structured questionnaires. During the study, the researchers selected 170 respondents, who were involved in the micro-credit programme in the last five or more years in the microfinance institutions, using the purposive sampling technique. The study finds that the majority of the clients are involved in agriculture and livestock and the rest are involved in the micro-business and enterprises related to service industry (such as tailoring, beauty parlor, hotel or restaurant), trade or business and small-scale manufacturing sectors. Micro-credit has a positive correlation with initial investment, revenue generation, employment generation, expansion of business and profit generation. The study also finds that micro-credit has encouraged clients to engage in the micro-business and enterprise development activities. The study recommends that it is necessary to adopt an effective utilization policy of micro-credit that may benefit both microfinance institutions for its sustainability and clients for their living standard improvement.

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Dale, M. Claire, Fiona Feng, and Rhema Vaithianathan. "Microfinance in developed economies: A case study of the NILS programme in Australia and New Zealand." New Zealand Economic Papers 46, no. 3 (December 2012): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2012.687543.

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Das, Tiken, and Pradyut Guha. "Measuring Women’s Self-help Group Sustainability: A Study of Rural Assam." International Journal of Rural Management 15, no. 1 (April 2019): 116–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005219836040.

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The Self-help Group Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP) is now a major global microfinance programme in India with 8.7 million SHGs with deposit of over `195,000 million and annual loan offtake of more than `470,000 million. However, group sustainability is having a wider concern among donor agencies, practitioners, policymakers and academicians to achieve persistent benefit from SHGs in financial intermediation. The present study made an attempt to examine the status of group sustainability with the help of multidimensional sustainability index of SHGs (MDSISHG) by combining organizational, managerial and financial indicators of 60 SHGs in Assam. It was found that 95 per cent of SHGs positioned within the range of ‘high’ and ‘moderate’ MDSISHG status and, therefore, may maintain their function well over a long period of time. Thus, the study recommends for enlargement of the scope of semiformal financial institutions (in our study: SHGs) in rural areas of Assam only for income-generating activities with proper market linkages. There is a scope to regenerate and validate the findings using relatively large sample size with SHGs of varied socio-economic background.

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Khandker, Shahidur R., M. A. Baqui Khalily, and Hussain A. Samad. "Mitigating seasonal hunger with microfinance in Bangladesh: how does a flexible programme compare with the regular ones?" Journal of Development Effectiveness 7, no. 1 (December 17, 2014): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2014.988166.

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Sahu, Gagan Bihari. "How Effective is a Self-Help Group Led Microfinance Programme in Empowering Women? Evidence from Rural India." Journal of Asian and African Studies 50, no. 5 (September 11, 2014): 542–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909614548239.

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Knight, L., M. Ranganathan, T. Abramsky, T. Polzer-Ngwato, L. Muvhango, M. Molebatsi, H. Stöckl, S. Lees, and C. Watts. "Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE): Women’s Engagement with the Scaled-up IMAGE Programme and Experience of Intimate Partner Violence in Rural South Africa." Prevention Science 21, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-01070-w.

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AbstractThe Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) programme has been scaled up to three provinces in South Africa. This paper explores associations between women’s engagement in the intervention, intimate partner violence (IPV) and factors associated with IPV and partner abuse. We enrolled women receiving group-based microfinance loans plus gender training into the scaled-up IMAGE cohort study (n = 860). We present cross-sectional analysis on participants’ characteristics and intervention engagement and use multivariate logistic regression to explore associations. 17% of women reported lifetime (95% CI 15 to 20%) and 7% past year (95% CI 5 to 9%) IPV, 9% past-year economic (95% CI 7 to 11%) and 11% past-year emotional (95% CI 9 to 14%) abuse. Women under 35 years had higher levels of IPV and emotional abuse. 53% of women attended all the trainings, 83% continuously borrowed and 98% agreed the training had a major impact on their life. Attendance was associated with improved partner relationships (χ2p < 0.001), but not lower IPV risk. Odds of past-year IPV decreased the more types of support (e.g. advice) women received from group members (aOR 0.27, p < 0.001 among those reporting all support versus none or some). A similar pattern was seen for economic, but not emotional, abuse. The scaled-up IMAGE intervention is widely acceptable and may support improvements in partner relationships, but younger women need to be targeted. Group support appears to be a potentially important component of the intervention.

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Bali Swain, Ranjula, and Fan Yang Wallentin. "The Impact of Microfinance on Factors Empowering Women: Differences in Regional and Delivery Mechanisms in India’s SHG Programme." Journal of Development Studies 53, no. 5 (September 13, 2016): 684–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1205732.

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Hansen, Nina. "The Development of Psychological Capacity for Action: The Empowering Effect of a Microfinance Programme on Women in Sri Lanka." Journal of Social Issues 71, no. 3 (September 2015): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josi.12130.

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Hogarth, J. Ryan. "Promoting diffusion of solar lanterns through microfinance and carbon finance: A case study of FINCA-Uganda's solar loan programme." Energy for Sustainable Development 16, no. 4 (December 2012): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2012.08.003.

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Sharma, Sudhir, Priti Singh, Kratika Singh, and Bhawana Chauhan. "Group Lending Model - A Panacea to Reduce Transaction Cost?" Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 20, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2017-0017.

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Abstract Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have stepped up towards commercialization and sustainability yet they face challenges in terms of transaction cost that limit their growth prospects. Transaction cost is incurred in forming the group of members, searching for the potential clients, monitoring, and administration, in providing training to the clients etc. Group lending has emerged as an effective tool in reducing this cost by transferring its burden on the group. Though the concept of group lending is not new in micro finance but in India it was introduced by NABARD in 2004-05 owing to its key advantage of income generation. This paper aims to analyze whether group lending programme has some role to play in reducing transaction cost of MFIs. It also discusses the concept of transaction cost, characteristics of group lending as well as process of forming a group. The results reveal that internal management of small and medium MFIs is not working efficiently which results in increased costs. Large MFIs do not face such problems.

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Awal, M. A. "Scale-up potentialities of some social safety net programmes to climate change shocks in Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.11618.

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Although Bangladesh is quite advanced in terms of setting up systems of social safety net (SSN) but the services in dealing climate change has gained little attention. On the other hand some specific public SSN programmes (SSNPs) like Vulnerable Group Development (VGD), Food-For-Work (FFW), Rural Employment and Road Maintenance Programme (RERMP) and Chars Livelihood Programme (CLP) through which most distressed and right less poor especially vulnerable rural women are benefitted, not yet tested whether the programmes promoted as climate proofed. Therefore the study was conducted for adapting those four SSNPs in dealing with climate change shocks like cyclone, flood, drought, water logging and salinity for escaping climate vulnerable poor from chronic poverty. Quantitative analysis has been made using the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010 data set. Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) session and Case Studies were performed for addressing current SSNPs with their weaknesses or effectiveness and scale up potentialities to explore better livelihood and food security options for climate poor. Relevant stakeholders in government and NGO programmes have been consulted to assess the feasibility of options for further strengthening of aforesaid SSNPs. It is found that the SSN intervention with VGD, FFW and RERMP have minimum scope in dealing with climate change although the said tools are important especially to disadvantaged rural women for creating their employment opportunity as well as poverty alleviation. The VGD beneficiaries can properly be engaged to sustainable income generation and microfinance activities for future saving to promote adaptive capacity which would enhance their resiliencies to cope with climate change. The dead or silted-up rivers, canals or ponds and irrigation channels can be excavated or re-excavated by operating the major workfare SSNPs like FFW and the excavated soil can be utilized for creating, maintaining or elevating rural roads, embankment and other infrastructures which are quite crucial for mitigating the flood, storm surge, water logging or salinity issues. The canals or ponds can additionally be utilized for enough harvesting of monsoon rain or flood water thus salinity and drought problems would be minimized for a better agricultural intervention in the affected areas. The RERMP beneficiaries can be engaged to maintain embankments and tree plantation at pond periphery or at barren land with their proper nursing, compost preparation etc. The CLP is found as a concrete example for achieving climate change adaptation to uplift the socio-economic status of chronic poor char dwellers to recurrent floods in Jamuna and Brahmaputra basins. This programme can be extended from an 18-month to a two-year period and should have to spread-up to the chars of other vulnerable flood prone areas of Bangladesh. A good agricultural marketing system is also essential for proper and timely marketing of CLP-products in the locality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.11618 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 78-92

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Dhungana, Bharat Ram. "Does Loan Size Matter for Productive Application? Evidence from Nepalese Micro-finance Institutions." REPOSITIONING The Journal of Business and Hospitality 1 (November 20, 2016): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/repos.v1i0.16043.

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This paper examines the loan size and its productive application after involvement in micro-finance programme in western development region of Nepal. The paper is based on primary sources of data collected through structured questionnaires. The survey includes 500 clients from four districts of western development region both from government and Private microfinance institutions. The study shows that there is positive association between size of savings and loans, size of savings and loan application, current loan size and ethnicity, loan size and duration of membership, and finally loan size and its application. It has been found that clients who have taken small size of loans, they have mostly spent their loans on domestic purposes and found poor application of loans in micro-business whereas big loan size clients have greater application of loans in productive sectors. Micro-finance institutions should increase loan size (as per the provision of monitory policy) with necessary entrepreneurship skills that will help to enhance productive application of loans however, strict monitoring and supervision is essential. Thus, MFIs should give equal priority for non-financial services such as financial literacy and provision of entrepreneurship skills through government and non-government organizations that ultimately helps to utilize micro-credit into productive sectors.Repositioning Vol.1(1) 2016: 63-72

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Baskaran, Angathevar, Thiri Dong, and Sonia Kumari Selvarajan. "Microfinance and Women’s Empowerment in Myanmar." Jurnal Institutions and Economies 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijie.vol14no2.3.

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Like in many other developing countries, microfinance programmes in Myanmar have become an avenue to reduce poverty. This research examines whether microfinance in Myanmar has empowered female clients compared to non-microfinance clients, in terms of: (i) general decision-making (children’s education, family planning, children’s marriage, health care); and (ii) financial decision-making (income utilisation, loan usage, savings, investment). Primary data was collected using a questionnaire survey to achieve the research objectives. The sample of the survey consists of two groups of women living in the Ayeyarwady region, Myanmar: (i) Beneficiaries of microfinance programmes, and (ii) non-beneficiaries of any microfinance institutions. Female clients either started a new business or expanded/diversified an existing business using microfinance, which helped to increase income and savings. Overall, 89.8% of microfinance clients have gained significant empowerment (in making general and financial decisions combined). The discriminant analysis based on four indicators - children’s education, children’s marriage, savings, and investment - shows that the decision-making power of microfinance clients has improved compared to non-clients. The government should actively promote a microfinance ecosystem through robust microfinance institutional frameworks including, microfinance institutions, intermediaries, and local government agencies. Financial literacy awareness campaigns should be organised frequently to promote wider women’s participation in microfinance programmes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microfinance programme'

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