Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Microenvironnement des cellules cancéreuses'
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Ringuette, Goulet Cassandra, and Goulet Cassandra Ringuette. "Interactions entre les cellules tumorales et stromales dans le microenvironnement du cancer de la vessie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36895.
Full textLes fibroblastes associés au cancer (CAF) constituent le type cellulaire le plus abondant du microenvironnement tumoral. In vivo, les tumeurs les plus agressives corrèlent avec un enrichissement en CAF et une matrice extracellulaire plus dense. En effet, les interactions dynamiques et réciproques entre les cellules cancéreuses et les CAF favoriseraient la progression tumorale. Cependant, les molécules impliquées dans ces interactions ainsi que leurs effets sur le devenir de la tumeur et sur le remodelage du microenvironnement sont mal connus. Or, mieux définir et comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans cette interaction est crucial afin de pouvoir développer de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. Ainsi, nous avons étudié les interactions entre les cellules cancéreuses et les cellules stromales dans le microenvironnement du cancer de la vessie. Les exosomes sont une classe de vésicules extracellulaires d’origine endocytique de 30 à 200 nm de diamètre. Ils sont sécrétés par tous les types cellulaires et constituent, entre autres, un moyen de communication intercellulaire en transportant protéines, lipides et ARN d’une cellule à l’autre. Les cellules cancéreuses sécrètent une grande quantité d’exosomes et ces derniers joueraient un rôle dans la modulation du microenvironnement tumoral, notamment en activant les fibroblastes sains en CAF. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont permis de démontrer que les exosomes sécrétés par les cellules cancéreuses sont internalisés par les fibroblastes vésicaux sains et qu’ils favorisent la prolifération de ces derniers. De plus, les exosomes dérivés de cellules cancéreuses activent les fibroblastes sains en CAF grâce au TGFβ qu’ils contiennent. La neutralisation du TGFβ par des anticorps spécifiques confirme ces résultats. Une fois activés, les CAF augmentent la prolifération, la migration et l’invasion des cellules cancéreuses via une sécrétion soutenue de la molécule IL-6. D’ailleurs, le blocage de la voie de signalisation de l’IL-6 renverse les effets observés sur les cellules cancéreuses. Nous avons également démontré que les CAF diminuent la sensibilité des cellules cancéreuses à la mitomycine C. Enfin, les CAF remodèlent la matrice extracellulaire du microenvironnement tumoral notamment par une sécrétion accrue des protéines oncofétales ténascine C et EDA-fibronectine, ainsi qu’une activité LOX-1 et MMP augmentée. Par ailleurs, la matrice extracellulaire générée par les CAF favorise la transition épithéliomésenchymateuse des cellules urothéliales saines en inhibant le marqueur épithelial Ecadhérine au profit du marqueur mésenchymateux N-cadhérine. Ainsi, une communication étroite et complexe entre les cellules cancéreuses et les CAF favorise la progression tumorale. En secrétant des facteurs solubles à activité protumorale et des protéines de la matrice extracellulaire, les CAF favorisent la prolifération, l’invasion et la chimiorésistance des cellules cancéreuses. Globalement, nos travaux soutiennent l'idée que l’inhibition de la transdifférenciation des fibroblastes sains en CAF est une cible thérapeutique de choix dans le développement de nouveaux anticancéreux.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant cell type of the tumor microenvironment. In vivo, aggressive tumors correlate with an enrichment of CAFs and a denser extracellular matrix. Indeed, the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and CAFs promote tumor progression. However, the molecules involved in these interactions, as well as their effects on the fate of the tumor and the remodeling of the microenvironment are poorly known. However, better define and understand the molecular mechanisms of this interaction is crucial to develop new treatments. Thus, we studied interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells in the microenvironment of bladder cancer. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with of endocytic origin measuring 30 to 200 nm in diameter. They are secreted by all types of cells and constitute, among others, a means of intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids and RNA from one cell to another. Cancer cells secrete a large amount of exosomes and these exert a role in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, notably by activating healthy fibroblasts in CAFs. The work presented in this thesis has demonstrated that the exosomes secreted by cancer cells are internalized by vesical fibroblasts and promote their proliferation. In addition, exosomes derived from cancer cells activate healthy fibroblasts in CAFs using the TGFβ that they transport. The neutralization of TGFβ by specific antibodies confirms these results. Once activated, CAFs increase the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells via a sustained secretion of the IL-6 molecule. Moreover, the blocking the IL-6 signaling pathway reverses the effects observed in cancer cells. We have also demonstrated that CAFs decrease the sensitivity of cancer cells to mitomycin C. Finally, CAFs remodel the extracellular matrix of the tumor microenvironment notably by an increased secretion of tenascin C and EDA-fibronectin oncofetal proteins, as well as a LOX-1 and MMP increased activity. In addition, the extracellular matrix generated by CAFs promotes the epithelio-mesenchymal transition of healthy urothelial cells by inhibiting the epithelial marker E-cadherin in favor of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin. Thus, a close and complex communication between the cancer cells and the CAFs increases tumor progression. By secreting soluble factors with a pro-tumor activity and extracellular matrix proteins, CAFs promote the proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Overall, our work supports the idea that the inhibition of the transdifferentiation of healthy fibroblasts into CAFs is a therapeutic target of choice in the development of novel anticancer drugs.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant cell type of the tumor microenvironment. In vivo, aggressive tumors correlate with an enrichment of CAFs and a denser extracellular matrix. Indeed, the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and CAFs promote tumor progression. However, the molecules involved in these interactions, as well as their effects on the fate of the tumor and the remodeling of the microenvironment are poorly known. However, better define and understand the molecular mechanisms of this interaction is crucial to develop new treatments. Thus, we studied interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells in the microenvironment of bladder cancer. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with of endocytic origin measuring 30 to 200 nm in diameter. They are secreted by all types of cells and constitute, among others, a means of intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids and RNA from one cell to another. Cancer cells secrete a large amount of exosomes and these exert a role in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, notably by activating healthy fibroblasts in CAFs. The work presented in this thesis has demonstrated that the exosomes secreted by cancer cells are internalized by vesical fibroblasts and promote their proliferation. In addition, exosomes derived from cancer cells activate healthy fibroblasts in CAFs using the TGFβ that they transport. The neutralization of TGFβ by specific antibodies confirms these results. Once activated, CAFs increase the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells via a sustained secretion of the IL-6 molecule. Moreover, the blocking the IL-6 signaling pathway reverses the effects observed in cancer cells. We have also demonstrated that CAFs decrease the sensitivity of cancer cells to mitomycin C. Finally, CAFs remodel the extracellular matrix of the tumor microenvironment notably by an increased secretion of tenascin C and EDA-fibronectin oncofetal proteins, as well as a LOX-1 and MMP increased activity. In addition, the extracellular matrix generated by CAFs promotes the epithelio-mesenchymal transition of healthy urothelial cells by inhibiting the epithelial marker E-cadherin in favor of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin. Thus, a close and complex communication between the cancer cells and the CAFs increases tumor progression. By secreting soluble factors with a pro-tumor activity and extracellular matrix proteins, CAFs promote the proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Overall, our work supports the idea that the inhibition of the transdifferentiation of healthy fibroblasts into CAFs is a therapeutic target of choice in the development of novel anticancer drugs.
Almairac, Fabien. "Plasticité des cellules tumorales de glioblastomes : inter-conversion d’un phénotype différencié et souche en fonction du microenvironnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2016. http://theses.unice.fr/2016NICE4045.
Full textThere is great interest but little understanding in how cancer stem cells arise. Here we show that tumor cells exhibiting stem-like properties and expression of stemness(CD133) and pluripotency markers (SOX2, NANOG, OCT4), can arise from differentiated tumor cells that are isolated from human glioblastomas. These cells could transit from a more differentiated state that cannot self-renew to a self-renewing stem-like state upon EGF/EGFR signaling. This dedifferentiation process induced expression of pluripotency markers, and restored clonal and tumorigenic properties as well as resistance to temozolomide, the chemotherapy of reference. EGF/EGFR signaling including ERK activation was crucial for this cellular reprogramming. Interestingly, expression of pluripotency markers occurred before the cells re-entered the cell cycle, demonstrating that the cells have the capacity to change and reprogram before the cell division starts. Our findings support a model of tumor homeostasis in which tumor cells driven by environmental cues such as EGF, can spontaneously acquire stem-like properties contributing thus to the enrichment in tumor propagating cells
Almairac, Fabien. "Plasticité des cellules tumorales de glioblastomes : inter-conversion d’un phénotype différencié et souche en fonction du microenvironnement." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4045/document.
Full textThere is great interest but little understanding in how cancer stem cells arise. Here we show that tumor cells exhibiting stem-like properties and expression of stemness(CD133) and pluripotency markers (SOX2, NANOG, OCT4), can arise from differentiated tumor cells that are isolated from human glioblastomas. These cells could transit from a more differentiated state that cannot self-renew to a self-renewing stem-like state upon EGF/EGFR signaling. This dedifferentiation process induced expression of pluripotency markers, and restored clonal and tumorigenic properties as well as resistance to temozolomide, the chemotherapy of reference. EGF/EGFR signaling including ERK activation was crucial for this cellular reprogramming. Interestingly, expression of pluripotency markers occurred before the cells re-entered the cell cycle, demonstrating that the cells have the capacity to change and reprogram before the cell division starts. Our findings support a model of tumor homeostasis in which tumor cells driven by environmental cues such as EGF, can spontaneously acquire stem-like properties contributing thus to the enrichment in tumor propagating cells
Benabbou, Nadia. "Implication de l'Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-I), secrété par le microenvironnement tumoral, dans la survie et la chimiorésistance des cellules cancéreuses." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921852.
Full textBenabbou, Nadia. "Implication de l’Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-I), secrété par le microenvironnement tumoral, dans la survie et la chimiorésistance des cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T100/document.
Full textThe microenvironment, composed of several cellular elements and extracellular matrix, plays an important role in tumor development and metastasis. Thus, the study of these interactions is important for cell targeted therapies fighting against chemoresistant tumor cells. This thesis aims to investigate the role of growth factor IGF-I in the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells and myeloid leukemia, present in the microenvironment.As a first step, we demonstrated that drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells gained by host cells (hospicells) is related to the secretion of IGF-I by these cells. We have also demonstrated that IGF-I is involved in the regulation of genes ABC (MDR-1, MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP) via STAT3, Jak2, PI3K et ERK signaling pathways.In myeloid leukemia, we have shown that IGF-I has an effect on cell proliferation. It induces the expression of P-gp protein and chemoresistance of cells sensitive to chemotherapy. We also determined the role of IGF-I in the resistance of leukemic cells in the presence of hospicells. These cells have an in vivo hyperangiogenic activity, related to HIF-1 and VEGF, and inhibit immune responses of T cells by NO production.We determined the crucial role of MMP-9 in resistant cells migration of breast cancer expressing P-gp protein and in the formation of a tubular network, suggesting a link between the expression of P-gp and MMP-9
Mathot, Pauline. "Mécanismes épigénétiques et réponse des cellules cancéreuses au microenvironnement : implication de la méthylation de l’ADN et de l’un de ses interprètes, MBD2." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1163/document.
Full textBreast cancers develop in complex tissue environments where cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis by secreting various growth factors, cytokines, proteases and extracellular matrix components. Soluble factors secreted by CAFs are involved in many pathways including inflammation, metabolism, proliferation, and epigenetic modulation suggesting that CAF-dependent reprograming of cancer cells affects a large set of genes. From RNAseq data obtained from breast cancer cell lines grown in presence of CAF-secreted factors, we identified 372 upregulated genes exhibiting an expression level positively correlated with the stromal content of breast cancer specimens. Furthermore, we observed that gene expression changes were not mediated through significant DNA methylation changes. Nevertheless CAF-secreted factors but also stromal content of the tumors remarkably activated specific genes characterized by a DNA methylation signature: hypermethylation at transcription start site (TSS) and shore regions. Experimental approaches (inhibition of DNA methylation, knockdown of MBD2, and ChIP assays) demonstrated the implication of DNA methylation and methyl DNA binding protein in the response of cancers cells to CAF-secreted factors. These data put in light the importance of epigenetics marks in the cancer cell reprogramming induced by stromal cell and indicate that the interpreters of the DNA methylation signal play a major role in the response of the cancer cells to the microenvironment
Pinet, Sandra. "Rôle du transfert des récepteurs des neurotrophines via les exosomes dans l'agressivité du glioblastome et le contrôle du microenvironnement." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0039/document.
Full textGlioblastoma are tumors derived from astrocytes with a dark prognosis. Current therapies fail to inhibit relapses due to radioresistant properties of cancer stem cells (CSC). Communication between CSC and their microenvironment is required for maintain “stem cells niche” and cell survival . The transfer of materials between CSC, tumor cells and microenvironment contributes to therapeutic resistance. In glioma, recent studies reveal the major role of TrkB and TrkC in survival of CSC. Our previous work, in lung cancer, have shown that neurotrophin receptors exhibits a control on microenvironment cells and angiogenesis through exosome transfer. However, similar mechanism of oncogenic receptor transfer from CSC has never been studied. Our main goal was to determine the involvement of neurotrophin receptors in the transfer of biological aggressiveness to microenvironment cells in order to promote therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma. Our findings suggest a relationship between cell differentiation status, expression of neurotrophin receptors and their interaction with the microenvironment through exosomes. TrkB-containing exosomes play a key role in the control of glioblastoma progression and cell aggressiveness. Mechanisms of radioresistance might also be dependent of the transfer of neurotrophin receptors through exosomes. Indeed, our results on irradiated human GBM cells and treated by exosomes demonstrate the involvement of exosome in radioresistance mechanisms. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as stromal components of glioblastoma, their communication with CSC, particularly through exosomes, remain largely undefined. Our results show that GBM-derived exosomes modify the phenotype of MSCs and increase their proliferative and migratory abilities. The putative function of neurotrophin receptors transfer should be analyzed in these models to determine their prime role in glioblastoma pathogenesis and progression. This finding suggest that the neurotrophin receptor expression in exosomes could be used as diagnostis and prognosis biomarkers of GBM
Martin, Julie. "Impact du microenvironnement des cancers du sein sur le protéome membranaire endothélial (MiMEndo)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS046.
Full textThe multifunctional endocytosis receptor LRP1 plays a crucial role in regulating cancer cell aggressiveness, fibroblast behavior and angiogenesis. In breast cancer microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a key role in formation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix and tumor niche. The role of LRP1, highly expressed in CAF, remains poorly described in terms of its influence on endothelial cell behavior.To study the impact of stromal LRP1 expression on angiogenesis, we used different cell models: murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF-1), MEF-1 invalidated for LRP1 (PEA-13) and CAF2 cells derived from breast cancer, invalidated or not for LRP1 by RNA interference. We used conditioned media and fibroblast-derived matrices to simulate the angiogenic effects of fibroblasts and CAF on endothelial cells.Our results show that LRP1 invalidation in embryonic fibroblasts and mammary CAF results in distinct effects on critical endothelial cell parameters. LRP1 expression in MEF-1 does not affect endothelial functions, while its presence in CAF diminishes angiogenic capacities and directs matrix remodeling processes in a manner unfavorable to endothelial migration. Through a comprehensive proteomic analysis of endothelial surface signaling platforms regulated by CAF-derived signals, we observed differential expression of secreted matrix compounds, surface receptors and membrane-associated proteins as a function of LRP1 expression in secretory cells. Analysis of CAF2-conditioned media revealed LRP1-dependent angiocrine signals, although no differences were detected in glycosaminoglycan composition. In conclusion, LRP1 expression in MEFs has no impact on endothelial functions, whereas in CAFs the receptor reduces angiogenic capacities. The identification of LRP1-modulated targets on the surface of endothelial cells will enable us to decipher the angiogenic pathways controlled by LRP1 in the fibroblastic compartment
Desmaison, Annaïck. "Impact des contraintes mécaniques sur la division cellulaire : analyse dans modèle tumoral multicellulaire en 3 dimensions : le sphéroïde." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2367/.
Full textA tumor micro-region consists of a heterogeneous cancer cell population organized in a 3D structure in which cell growth is influenced by interaction with the microenvironment. Changes in mechanical homeostasis within tissues are observed during tumor growth, leading to high pressure and tension forces within the growing tumor. Those changes in mechanical properties of the microenvironment participate to tumor development by influencing, amongst others, proliferation and migration of tumor cells. One important aspect of the control of proliferation is the regulation of the cell cycle. Many studies have demonstrated that mitosis progression, the division process of cell cycle, is not only biochemically regulated, but also mechanically regulated. However, the impact of mechanical cues on mitotic progression has essentially been documented using 2D monolayer-based models and very little is known about the consequences of mechanical stress on cell division within tumors. In this context, my goal was to investigate the impact of mechanical stress on cell division in MultiCellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS), an in vitro model that mimics 3D cell organization and heterogeneity found in tumor microregions in vivo. We first induced mechanical stress on MCTS by restricting their growth in a confined environment. We demonstrated that mechanical stress impairs cell division. The study of the dynamics of mitosis progression within MCTS mechanically constrained in agarose, showed that mechanical stress induces a delay in prometaphase. This delay may be due to a transient defect in spindle assembly, and possibly implies actin filament dynamics. This defect in spindle assembly does not seem to induce a preferential orientation deviation of the division axis of cells within spheroids. Futhermore, we showed that in this mechanical stressed condition, drugs destabilizing the actomyosin cytoskeleton do not alter mitosis anymore, suggesting that signaling pathways could be activated and avoid aberrant mitosis progression. Altogether these results suggest that mechanical stress induced by progressive confinement of growing spheroid could slow down mitotic progression. However, a defect in mitosis progression could lead to chromosomes missegregation, responsible for increased genomic instability and cellular heterogeneity. This genetic heterogeneity characteristic of tumors is one of the major reasons for the limited efficiency of current therapeutic strategies. Mechanical stress might also induce the activation of specific pathways able to bypass the effect of certain drugs. This study paves the way for future research to a better understanding of the tumor cell response to mechanical cues similar to those encountered during in vivo tumor development. It could contribute to defining important characteristics of mechanical parameters of tumor on drug efficiency and open new perspectives in anti-tumor therapy
Cartier-Michaud, Amandine. "Etude de l'influence du PAI-1 matriciel sur la régulation de la transition Mésenchymo-Amiboïde des cellules cancéreuses." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875713.
Full textKamboj, Sahil. "Outils avancés pour la modulation du trafic des intégrines dans le cancer de l'ovaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1300.
Full textIntegrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that play a critical role in governing cell-cell interactions, which subsequently influence multiscale biological processes such as cell behaviour, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tissue formation. These processes span from milliseconds to several days. Existing methodologies to study integrin function across different biological scales—from single cells to whole tissues—often prove to be chronic and lack the capability to target specific cell-cell interactions acutely.To address this limitation, we engineered cells to rapidly alter their behavior by downregulating the surface population of α5β1 integrins through a process of hot-wired clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This innovative method enables inducible, specific internalization of α5β1 integrins, achieving acute downregulation across various cell lines within 5-30 minutes. Our findings demonstrate that this induced internalization of α5β1 integrins results in a decrease in cell area, promotes the uptake of extracellular fibronectin, and reduces the rate of tumor spheroid compaction.This targeted control of multiscale processes through the rapid downregulation of α5β1 integrins highlights the utility of hot-wired endocytosis as a potent tool for acutely modulating cell biology. Our approach offers unprecedented speed in tuning the cellular microenvironment, presenting novel therapeutic avenues and innovative strategies for tissue engineering by quickly targeting cell-microenvironment interactions
Gonçalves, Maia Maria João. "Le syndrome Xeroderma Pigmentosum : Un nouveau modèle pour l’étude du rôle des fibroblastes dans la modulation de la réponse immunitaire innée contre les cellules cutanées cancéreuses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4037.
Full textSkin cancer etiology is related to genetic mutations arising after ultraviolet (UV) sun exposure. The propagation of cancer cells is also dependent of a crosstalk with cells present in the surrounding microenvironment, mainly cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and immune cells. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disease that comprises seven groups of genetic complementation (XP-A to XP-G). XP patients present a default in the mechanism responsible for the repair of UV-induced DNA lesions. They are prone to develop skin cancers with high frequencies early in their life. XP-C is the most represented complementation group in Europe and in XP-C patients squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are more frequent than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (ratio 5:1). SCC have high metastatic potential compared to BCC. Previous studies suggested that the immune responses in XP patients could be altered with defects in their NK lytic activity and a decrease in the levels of circulating T lymphocytes. The main objective of this thesis was to identify microenvironment factors that could contribute to the progression of aggressive skin cancers using XP-C disease cells as a model of skin cancer susceptibility. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of WT and XP-C dermal patient’s fibroblasts revealed that CLEC2A, a ligand of the activating NK receptor NKp65 implicated in the activation of the innate immune system, is expressed in WT fibroblasts and absent in XP-C fibroblasts. Additional work showed that CLEC2A level is decreased in WT fibroblasts during replicative senescence, is absent in CAF and SCC, and is down regulated by soluble factors secreted by SCC cells. These results suggest that the loss of CLEC2A may induce a deficit of NK cell activation in the tumor microenvironment of SCC and in the dermis of XP-C patients. Elaboration of 3D skin culture models including NK cells and, in the presence or absence of blocking anti-CLEC2A antibody, allowed us to show that CLEC2A/NKp65 interaction regulates SCC cells invasion through a crosstalk between fibroblasts and NK cells. Our results suggest that the expression of CLEC2A in fibroblasts contributes to skin immune surveillance while, conversely, its absence under yet unidentified factors, favors the development of aggressive cancers in XP-C patients. CLEC2A could be a potential target in the fight against SCC progression
Dong, Jihu. "Physiopathologie de cellules souches cancéreuses isolées de glioblastomes primitifs et évaluation pré-clinique de molécules "tête de série" par une approche de biologie et de chimie médicinale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ036/document.
Full textGlioblastomas are the most malignant primary brain tumors. The identification of glioblastoma stemcells (GSCs) has transformed our comprehension of those tumors by revealing a hierarchical organization. GSCs can self-renew, differentiate and enter into a quiescent state. They are considered as cells which fuel and as the main culprits of tumor relapse. The discovery of GSCs triggered a change in paradigm for cancer therapy. Indeed to gain in efficacy, therapies need to target, not only the cells forming the bulk of the tumor, but also GSCs particularly resistant and endowed with a high tumorigenic potential. Chemical screening of the Prestwick chemical library in our laboratory, unveiled bisacodyl with a specific activity on quiescent GSCs.This thesis presents work on the characterization of GSCs, study of the mode of action of bisacodyl on GSCs, as well as a preclinical evaluation of bisacodyl on a 3D model in vitro and animal models in vivo
Manfroi, Benoît. "Rôle de la molécule APRIL dans le développement des hémopathies malignes B." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV040/document.
Full textTumor microenvironment remains largely ill-defined and clinically underused, as all currently used tumoricidal agents act directly on tumor cells. However it is well known that tumor cells depend on their environment to fully develop. This thesis project focused on the molecule “a proliferation inducing ligand” (APRIL) which is involved in B-cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Its pathological role was investigated in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and in multiple myeloma (MM). Thanks to a murine model we have been able to demonstrate the direct pro-tumoral role of APRIL in DLBCL development. In patients APRIL is of paracrine origin, being produced by myeloid cells and acting on tumor cells. Intra-tumoral expression is variable and a high level of APRIL expression correlates with a poor prognosis. APRIL expression is controlled by chemotactic mechanisms. Differential expression of certain chemokines by tumor cells influence APRIL-producing cells recruitment. We also showed that APRIL has an atypical way of signaling in DLBCL. Tumor cells need to internalize APRIL in order to activate BCMA, a signaling receptor which is mainly expressed intracellularly. In MM, APRIL also possesses a direct pro-tumoral effect as demonstrated in a mouse model. In patients, APRIL is of paracrine origin and mainly expressed by immature myeloid cells. Despite tumor-cell infiltration into the bone marrow APRIL expression remains stable thanks to microenvironment remodeling. A mouse model allowed us to identify an autocrine loop based on interleukin-6 which allows persistence of immature myeloid cells during tumor development, providing a stable expression of the pro-tumoral factor APRIL. Globally, our work identified APRIL as a predictive biomarker with a therapeutic value in DLBCL. Characterization of molecular mechanisms controlling differential expression of APRIL opens new therapeutic perspectives by its antagonism. APRIL also possesses a therapeutic value in MM; characterization of the cellular source for APRIL and interleukin-6, two pro-tumoral factors in MM, has led us to new therapeutic perspectives
Laplane, Lucie. "Cellules souches cancéreuses : ontologie et thérapies." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100119/document.
Full textA new theory of cancer has recently gained importance in the scientific community. According to this theory, cancers develop from a particular sub-population of cancer cells, named “cancer stem cells” (CSCs). The proponents of the CSC theory argue that relapses are caused by CSCs because they escape classical therapies. Consequently, they claim that eliminating all the CSCs of a given cancer is a necessary and sufficient condition to cure the patient. In this dissertation, I scrutinize this therapeutic strategy and I argue that its ability to cure cancers will depend on our understanding of the nature of stemness. Indeed, cancer stem cells are characterized by this property, that is, the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate. However, the nature of stemness is rather obscure. Is it a categorical property or a disposition? Can a non-stem cell (cancerous or not) acquire stemness, and under which conditions? On the basis of analysis survey of the scientific literature, I distinguish four possible concepts of the nature of stemness. I contend that if the CSC theory is true, determining the exact nature of stemness is essential for cancers treatments
Le, Nail Louis-Romée. "Caractérisation de cellules dérivées d'ostéosarcomes humains." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1032/document.
Full textOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primitivemalignant bone tumor. We hypothesised that someMSC with cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics maybe involved in OS development, chemotherapyresistance and metastatic progression.Adherent cells from six human OS samples wereisolated after tumor dissociation and culture. They werenamed OS derived cells (OSDC) and were compared toown patient bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSC). We tested MSC characteristics, CSCcharacteristics, and tumor growth support capacities inan induced human OS mouse model.OSDC had the same morphologic aspect andmembrane expression profile as BMMSC. They keptdifferentiation capacities toward osteoblastic lineageand to less extend toward adipogenic and chondrogeniclineage, with variability between different OSDCpopulations. Karyotype was normal for all 6 BMMSCand for 4 OSDC. OSDC showed CSC characteristics,with sphere formations in semi solid conditions,decrease of mitochondrial metabolism in normoxiacondition. Some minimal karyotype abnormalities werefound in 2 OSDC populations. However, no tumorformation was induced in immunocompromised mice(SCID). In coinjection mouse model, 4 out of 6 OSDCincreased tumor growth compared to osteosarcomacells (MNNG-HOS) alone.OSDC that were isolated from human OS samples didnot demonstrate own tumor properties. They are highlysuspected to be part of tumor microenvironment, ratherthan the tumor origin, and to support and modulate thetumor growth. More studies are necessary to identifywhich CDOS factors influence tumor growth suggestingnew stromal targets for combined therapy
Jemaâ, Mohamed. "Chimiothérapie ciblant les cellules cancéreuses p53 déficientes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T040/document.
Full textThe genetic and/or functional alterations of p53 are highly prevalent in cancer and are reported for more than a half of all human cancers. Classic chemotherapy leads p53 mediated apoptosis conferring a drug resistance for p53 deficient cells. We developed in the laboratory a technique based on high-content videomicroscopy and fluorescent TP53+/+ and TP53-/- cells for the screening of molecules that targets p53 deficient cells. We discovered that SP600125, a kinase inhibitor, including MPS1, Aurora A and Aurora B, kills p53-deficient cells more efficiently than their p53-proficient counterparts. This selective cytotoxicity was confirmed in vivo in mice carrying p53-deficient and -proficient human xenografts. Than after we used an another inhibitor with a similar broad-spectrum kinase, reversine, and we found that this molecule have a selective toxicity for TP53-/- cells and this result was confirmed in vitro for both molecule.Videomicroscopy-based cell fate profiling revealed that the p53-deficient cell death is coupled to hyperploïdy mechanism. Indeed, TP53-/- (but not TP53+/+) undergo successive round of abortive mitosis and failed to arrest the cell cycle in response to treatment and cells became polyploidy and progressively succumbed to mitochondrial apoptosis. In line with this notion, the depletion of anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family sensitized TP53-/- cells to the toxic effects of SP600125 and reversine. Moreover, the knockdown of BAX or APAF-1, as well as the chemical inhibition of caspases, limited the death of TP53-/- cells.Hence, SP600125 or reversine (and its analogues/derivatives) might be used for cancer chemoprevention (for eliminating pre-malignant cells that have inactivated p53) or chemotherapy of p53-deficient cancers
Bloy, Norma. "Mécanismes de l’immunogénicité des cellules cancéreuses hyperploïdes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS239/document.
Full textAn at least transient increase of ploidy, usually by whole genome duplication, is a frequent event in oncogenesis. Hyperploidization triggers an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress characterized by the hyperphosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), with leads to the exposure of calreticulin to the cell surface. Calreticulin is acting like an "adjuvant" effect as a "eat me" signal, for dendritic cells, ultimately eliciting immune control by CD8 + T lymphocytes. We investigated the possibility that hyperploidization might also affect the antigenicity of cancer cells by altering the immunopeptidome. However, vaccination with candidate peptides was unable to elicit tumor growth-inhibitory responses against hyperploid cells in vivo. We conclude that hyperploidy increases the immunogenicity of cancer cells mostly through their adjuvanticity (through calreticulin exposure) rather than their antigenicity. We also show that when developed in Rag2 - / - γc - / - immunodeficient mice (but not in WT mice) fibrosarcomas induced by methylcholanthrene (MCA) are particularly hyperploid, correlating with higher DNA content, increased nuclear surface, as well as the hyperphosphorylation of eIF2α. These cells are able to form tumors in Rag2 - / - γc - / - recipients (which lack T, B and NK cells) as well as in Rag2 - / - recipients (which only lack T and B lymphocytes) without any difference between the two strains, suggesting that the absence of B and T cells is enough to allow these cells to grow. To measure these parameters, we developed a morphometric analysis tool that is applicable to immunohistochemistry. This software automatically identifies and quantifies the surface of nuclei and the intensity of eIF2α phosphorylation within a perinuclear region of interest. Comparative analyzes validated the accuracy of this method, which can be used to investigate ploidy and ER stress in cancers in situ
Bouletreau, Pierre. "Interactions cellulaires en microenvironnement fracturaire osseux." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T057.
Full textPeyvandi, Sanam. "Les cellules Myéloïdes Dans le Microenvironnement Tumoral : Rôle de FasL." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968103.
Full textOuzegdouh, Yasmine. "Etude de l'effet du microenvironnement médullaire sur la production plaquettaire de l'homme." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077057.
Full textBone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs), in order to achieve terminal maturation, migrate from the osteoblastic niche to the vascular niche, close to the medullary sinusoids. In order to release platelets, MKs extend cytoplasmic extensions in the lumen of the sinusoid followed by platelet release. Therefore, in the présent work, we have compared the role of stromal and endothelial cells combined with shear stress on MKs late differentiation and platelet production. MKs were grown from umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells and co-cultured with stromal or endothelial cells between day 10 and day 13 of culture. The results showed that stromal cells inhibited proplatelet and platelet formation from MKs, slowed down apoptosis while enhancing development of demarcation membranes. In contrast, when co-cultured with endothelial cells, MKs extended numerous and prominent proplatelets. When submitted to shear stress, they produced 4. 8 times more platelets compared with MKs cultured in the absence of endothelial cells. We have also examined the fate of MKs polyploid nuclei, grown from bone marrow CD34+ cells under high shear stress and found that nuclear lobes could separate in parallel with cytoplasm division; this was followed by proplatelet fragmentation. In conclusion, this study shows an antagonist effect of stromal and endothelial cells on human platelet production. It also shows that shear stress is able to induce nuclear as well as cytoplasmic MKs fragmentation, leading to a new anatomical concept of circulating and platelet shedding MKs subunits
Bourriquen, Gaëlle. "La régulation de la transcription dans les cellules cancéreuses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27260.
Full textHuman chromatin, that contain both DNA and numerous binding proteins, is the target of a dynamic and functional multi-scaled compaction, which leads to the regulation of biologic processes as gene expression. In order to define and maintain cellular functions, transcriptional and structural regulatory proteins act together to orchestrate the different genes expression programs. Transcription factors function in a combinatorial and hierarchical manner on regulatory elements within the genome, which are able to generate large topological loops to specifically regulate a target promoter in the right temporal frame. The general co-activator Mediator functions as a center for proper transduction of the transcriptional input, physically connecting regulatory proteins to the transcriptional machinery, to generate a calibrated biological response. Cohesin is implicated into the formation and stabilization of genomic connections at multi-scaled tri-dimensional resolution, which functional features are beginning to be elucidated. Together, transcription factors, Mediator and Cohesin control expression programs that enable the maintenance of cellular identities. Cancerous cells often show deregulations at the transcriptional level, which lead to aberrant expression programs. We demonstrated that regulatory mechanisms, controlling transcription in cancerous cells, obey to the same rules that in normal cells and are conserved, then enable the characterization of key transcription factors that drive cancer progression. We applied this discovery to hormonal resistance in breast cancers. Our results suggest that AP-1 family could be involved into the acquisition of this more aggressive phenotype, by transcriptionally bypassing the drug effects. We proposed that a model for aggressiveness in cancer cells could be through their adaptation to transcriptional treatments, leading to a modulation of key important transcription factors driving transcriptional programs within the cells.
Victor, Régine. "Rôle de l'hyaluronidase dans l'activité invasive des cellules cancéreuses." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES096.
Full textLiénard-Lambour, Barbara. "Caractérisation biochimique de macroH2A1.1 dans les cellules cancéreuses mammaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30273.
Full textBiochemical properties of chromatin can be modulated by incorporation of histone variants in chromatin. MacroH2A has a amino-terminal domain typical of a full-length H2A, fused to a "macro domain". To date, three macroH2A have been identified: macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2 which are alternative spliced variants and macroH2A2. They have been principally associated to heterochromatin formation and transcriptional repression. State of art shows that macroH2A1 is associated to various cellular mechanisms such as chromosome X inactivation, senescence, cellular development, transcriptional regulation and DNA double strand breaks. Many of these processes are implicated in cancer formation, making macroH2A1 an important element to consider. Its expression has also been correlated to numerous cancer developments such as lung, colon, skin or breast. Due to the structural differences, links to ligands and controversy observed in the literature between macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2, it seems essential to study separately these two variants without omit their interconnection significance. Recently, we have determined that macroH2A1.1 expression level correlated specifically with Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). At the molecular level, this combination results in a positive correlation between macroH2A1.1 expression level and molecular characteristics of Epithelio-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). In this context, the aim of my thesis was to identify biochemical properties of macroH2A1.1 in many breast cancer cellular models using a specific antibody for macroH2A1.1 generated in the lab. All this work has allowed the identification of a mono-ubiquitinated form of macroH2A1.1 on its lysine 123. Technical tools implemented have also allowed to identify the modified form in association with RNA:DNA duplexes. The results presented in this thesis will allow to better understand the importance of post-translational modification of histone variant and to open a new operating field in the role definition for this variant
Matar, Corine. "Métabolisme oxydatif et mitochondrial des cellules cancéreuses de prostate." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0094.
Full textCharbonnier, Aude. "Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle de cellules dendritiques leucémiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22073.
Full textCarion, Alexandra. "Rôle du microenvironnement médullaire dans la mobilisation des cellules souches et des progéniteurs hématopoi͏̈étiques." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3305.
Full textThe aim of the study was to assess the specific role of human bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in G-CSF-induced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization from the hematopoietic niche to peripheral blood (PB). We showed, for the first time in humans, that ability to mobilize HSC is associated with a genetic factor, the SDF1 gene polymorphism, suggesting a significant role for this chemokine in the mobilization process. However, we did not find in vivo any reversion of the positive SDF-1 gradient between BM and PB but found a correlation between PB levels of MMP-9 and HSC mobilizing capacity. Moreover, we showed in vitro that stromal cells constitutively secreted SDF-1, contrary to endothelial cells, this secretion being not increased by G-CSF used for HSC mobilization. The role of stromal cells in HSC mobilization is probably crucial through their particular capacity to produce MMP-9, notably after G-CSF stimulation, this production being influenced by the SDF1 genotype
Dejean, Emilie. "Microenvironnement des lymphomes anaplasiques à grandes cellules : angiogenèse et dissémination tumorales." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30308.
Full textThe most frequent lymphoma in childhood is often charaterized by aberrant expression of oncogenes with tyrosine kinase activity: NPM- or TPM3-ALK (nucleophosmin- or non-muscular tropomyosin 3- anaplastic lymphoma kinase). In our laboratory, we developed and charatacterized a conditional mice model for ALK+ lymphoma (Tet-Off). With those models, my work highlighted the role of VEGF in ALK+ lymphoma angiogenesis. We show that VEGF mRNA can be negatively regulated by one microRNA, miR-16 which is underexpressed in thoses tumors, even in human samples. If miR-16 is reexpressed in ALK + cells, we can osbserve a dealy in tumor growth and a reduction of angiogenesis (Dejean et al. , Leukemia, 2011). Anaplasic large cell lymphoma is characterized by frequent extranodal dissemination (70% of cases) which is skin in most cases. We were then interested in identify solubles factors responsible of this epidermotropism. We show that ALK+ cells (cell lines and human samples) secrete a pro-inflammatory cytokine: HMGB1. Our results demonstrate that HMGB1 is able to induce hypersecretion of IL-8 by keratinocytes, via PAR2 and NF-?B activation. IL-8 is a chemokine which can attract cells with specific receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2). ALK+ tumor cells, cell lines and human samples, express these two receptors. We also show that inhibition of HMGB1 lead to a drastic reduction of invasive abilities of ALK+ cells in vitro and in vivo. Skin, activated by soluble factors from primary tumor, would then constitute a favorable environment for lymphoma dissemination. This study would be the first to highlight the existence of a cutaneous premetastatic niche in anaplasic large cell lymphoma (Dejean et al. , manuscript in preparation). My thesis work demonstrates the importance of microenvironment and solubles factors from primary tumor to tumorigenesis. Lymphomatous cells are able to induce angiogenesis and distant inflammation to cause tumor growth and lymphoma dissemination
Vignon, Christine. "Contrôle du métabolisme oxydatif des cellules leucémiques par le microenvironnement médullaire." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3315.
Full textStudies in animal models have demonstrated that oxidative metabolism plays an important role in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis by controlling the p38 MAPK activation. We have established that the human bone marrow CD34+CD38- cells have a very low H2O2 level and express GPX3, the gene encoding for the antioxidative enzyme gluthathione peroxidase-3 (GPx-3) which is a major determinant of the stem cell potential of hematopoietic cells. As the niche is essential for the leukemic stem cell self-renewal, we have studied the role of human primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in regulating the axis GPx-3/H2O2/p38 MAPK in human leukemic cells and we have shown that MSCs control this axis in human KG1a leukemic cells by regulating the expression of GPx-3. These results benefited from the development of two original methods, the first one quantifying the expression of by RT-qPCR of antioxidative genes (“antioxidogram”, patent) and the second one for high resolution analysis of the cell cycle by flow cytometry
Bailleul, Justine. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la reprogrammation de cellules cancéreuses non-souches en cellules souches cancéreuses induite par les radiations ionisantes dans le cancer du sein." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1S100/document.
Full textCancer stem cells (CSCs) identification in hematologic and solid tumors has paved the way to many fundamental and translational studies. However, recent studies have highlighted cancer cells plasticity. Indeed, differentiated non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) can generate CSCs upon various stimuli. In particular, radiotherapy (RT) induces CSCs from non-CSCs, in vitro. This reprogramming could be involved in treatments resistance and recurrence risk. Nevertheless, reprogramming mechanisms remain unknown, and identification of new targets seems essential to prevent CSC emergence. During my PhD thesis, I have shown that media from irradiated non-CSCs induces mammary CSC reprogramming. I have demonstrated that RT lead to specific chemokines secretion, as CXCL1 and CCL5. Inhibition and recombinant proteins treatments allowed me to demonstrate the involvement of CXCL1, CCL5 and their receptors in in vitro reprogramming. Moreover, in vivo inhibition of CXCL1 and CCL5, combined with RT, lead to an increased survival, in a xenografted mouse model. Finally, transcriptomic analysis of chemokines and receptors expression from clinical databases has shown a correlation with signatures of CSCs and more agressive breast cancer subtypes, as well as a decreased metastasis-free survival. These findings denote the involvement of chemokines in non-CSCs reprogramming into CSCs in breast cancer, and the potential of chemokines to constitute new therapeutics targets, in combination with conventional anti-cancer treatments
Azzoni, Violette. "Cellules souches cancéreuses et résistance thérapeutique du cancer du sein : ciblage des cellules souches cancéreuses mammaires par l'inhibition de la réponse au stress réplicatif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0740.
Full textBreast tumors are known to present a major intratumoral heterogeneity that contributes to therapy failure and disease progression. The origin of this cellular heterogeneity is mainly explained by a hierarchical organization of tumor tissues where several subpopulations of self-renewing breast cancer stem cells (bCSCs) sustain the long-term oligoclonal maintenance of the neoplasm. bCSCs drive tumor growth, resist to conventional therapies and initiate metastasis development. Thus, developing bCSC-targeting therapies is becoming a major challenge requiring the understanding of the unique molecular circuitry of bCSC as compared to non-bCSC. To better understand the biology of these cells, we isolated bCSCs from different patient–derived xenografts (PDXs), derived fom breast tumors, and established their gene expression profiles. We identified a bCSC core transcriptional program that may be implicated in the reduction of the replicative stress in CSC: overexpression of genes implicated in dNTP metabolism and homologous recombination (HR). Our results show that HR plays a major role in SR regulation of bCSC and that bCSC are more resistant to RS than non-bCSC, We realized a preclinical assay in PDX and showed that HR inhibition prevent bCSC expansion Cisplatin-induced, suggesting a sensitization of the bCSC to the chemotherapy. Our results identify replication stress as the Achilles’ heel of bCSC and highlights HR as potential targets for anti-bCSC therapy
Tuloup-Minguez, Véronique. "Autophagie et adhérence cellulaire : régulation par la matrice extracellulaire et rôle au cours de la migration." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066113.
Full textLaforgue, Laure. "Migration de cellules cancéreuses dans des gels de collagène 3D." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY093/document.
Full text3D migration of cancer cells plays an essential role in the dissemination of cells during metastasisin cancer. The behavior of cancer cells migrating in a 3D extracellular matrix and its consequences on themicroenvironment are still currently under investigation. The study of the reorganization of the extracellular matrixfibers and more precisely how the fibers move due to the forces that the cell exerts just start to be investigating.We studied how cancer cells migrate in 3D gels using collagen and fibronectin to mimic the extracellularmatrix. We used confocal microscopy to image the actin cytoskeleton of cells in fluorescence and fibers in reflectionover time. In our studies, we used different collagen concentrations and cell lines with different invasivities. Fromthese 3D movies, we determined cancer cell velocities and persistence as a function of collagen gel concentration aswell as cell invasiveness. The cells velocities increase with invasiveness and decrease with collagen concentration.As for persistence, it decreases with collagen concentration but it do not change with cells invasiveness. We alsocalculated the displacement field of the collagen using a volume correlation program. Using this information, westudied the fibers displacement induced by the cell depending on its migration type, its invasivity and the collagenconcentration. We showed norms of fibers deplacement vectors increase with cell invasiveness and decrease withcollagen concentration. Finally, the displacement fields enabled us to determine the migration steps of mesenchymaland amiboid migrations. We discovered 5 steps in mesenchymal migration : cell rest, creation of extension, adhesionof the cell to the fibers, detachment of the cell rear and dissolution of cell/fibers adhesions. 4 steps have beencharacterized in amiboid migration : cell rest, creation of extension, displacement of the cell by pushing on fibersand rotation of the cell. These steps associated with displacement fields are in agreement with litterature and wehighlighted new steps as the rotation of the cell in amiboid migration.Taken together these results enable us to better understand how the migration of cancer cells takes place in a3D matrix
Nguyen, Phu Hung. "Caractérisation et ciblage des cellules souches cancéreuses dans l’adénocarcinome gastrique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0052/document.
Full textCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells at the origin of the heterogeneity and growth of tumors. CSCs are more resistant to treatment, and are responsible for relapse and metastasis. The identification of CSCs is a major challenge for the development of new targeted therapies to inhibit tumor growth and eradicate cancer. In this work, we aimed to identify, characterize, and target CSCs in gastric adenocarcinoma. Mouse models of primary tumor xenografts from intestinal and diffuse type non-cardia gastric adenocarcinomas from patients were developed, as well as an in vitro tumorsphere assay, to assess the tumorigenic capacity of subpopulations of tumor cells. We identified CD44 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) as CSC enrichment markers in the two types of gastric adenocarcinoma, ALDH representing a more specific marker than CD44. We then studied the effect of All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and showed that it inhibited the formation and growth of tumorspheres in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. This effect of ATRA is due to the inhibition of stem marker expression and the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. In conclusion, CD44 and ALDH are effective CSC markers in intestinal and diffuse type non-cardia gastric adenocarcinomas, and treatment with ATRA provides a common treatment strategy to specifically target CSCs and inhibit tumor growth in both subtypes of this gastric cancer
Jelassi, Bilel. "Implication des récepteurs P2X7 dans l'invasivité des cellules cancéreuses humaines." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3318/document.
Full textP2X7 receptor channel is highly expressed and fully functional in the highly invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435s. Its activation by extracellular ATP is responsible for the extension of neurite-like cellular prolongations, and the increase in cell migration. Furthermore, P2X7 activation enhanced invasion through the extracellular matrix and was related to the increase of mature forms of cysteine cathepsins in the extracellular medium. Pharmacological targeting of P2X7 decreases cancer cell invasiveness in a zebrafish model of micrometastases. We also showed that emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) an anthraquinone derivative originally isolated from Rheum officinale Baill (Chinese Rhubarb) inhibits human cancer cell invasiveness by specifically antagonizing the P2X7 and not the other members of the P2X family. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanistic link between P2X7 functionality in cancer cells and invasiveness, a key parameter in tumour growth and in the development of metastases. These results also suggest a potential therapeutic role for the newly developed P2X7 antagonists
Roegel, Lisa. "Rôle de PARP3 dans la mécanoréponse cellulaire de cellules cancéreuses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ021.
Full textThis thesis project focuses on studying the potential mechanosensitive role of PARP3 in an aggressive cancer model, the glioblastoma. PARP3 belongs to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family, a family of 17 members that catalyze the addition of one or more ADP- ribose residues onto acceptor proteins. PARP3 plays a role in DNA double-strand breaks repair, in cell differentiation, but also in tumor progression. In this work, we reveal that disrupting PARP3 (Crispr/Cas9) in a glioblastoma cell model (U373-MG cell line) impacts various mechanosensitive cellular processes (proliferation, adhesion, migration) as well as the structure of the actomyosin and lamin cytoskeletons. RNAseq studies reveals that the absence of PARP3 alters the transcriptional expression of various genes related to mechanosensitive elements (signaling pathways, extracellular matrix). By atomic force microscopy and MNase digestion tests, we respectively reveal that the absence of PARP3 modifies nuclear rigidity and chromatin compaction. By immunofluorescence experiments, we show that PARP3 is a mechanosensitive protein since its subcellular localization depends on the stiffness of the culture substrate. Finally, this work also provides a wide range of data (ATACseq, RNAseq, proteomics) that permit to progress on the mechanistic role of PARP3 in the mechanoresponse of tumour cells
Laferrière, Julie. "Interaction des cellules cancéreuses avec l'endothélium vasculaire dans le processus métastatique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21038/21038.pdf.
Full textMetastasis is a dreadful complication of cancer. Adhesion and migration of tumor cells on and through the vascular endothelium are critical steps of the metastatic process. We investigated the roles of the adhesion molecules E-selectin and integrins, as well as the role of the MAP kinase SAPK2/p38 (stress-activated protein kinase-2/p38), in modulating endothelial adhesion and transendothelial migration of HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. TNFα strongly increases the expression of E-selectin in human endothelial cells HUVEC. This effect is independent of the activation of SAPK2/p38 induced by TNFα. Adhesion of HT-29 cells on a monolayer of HUVEC pre-treated with TNFα is dependent on E-selectin expression but is independent of SAPK2/p38 activity of both HUVEC and tumor cells. Blocking the integrins from HT-29 cells (α2, α3, α6, αvβ5, β1 and β4) with specific antibodies reveals a role for β4 integrin in their adhesion to TNFα-treated HUVEC. The sequence of events showed that β4 integrin adhesion is involved later then E-selectin adhesion. The adhesion of HT-29 cells to TNFα-treated HUVEC leads to the activation of SAPK2/p38 in the tumor cells, as reflected by the increased phosphorylation of its downstream target, the actin polymerizing factor HSP27. Moreover, a recombinant E-selectin/Fc chimera induces the specific activation of SAPK2/p38 and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) in HT-29 cells, suggesting that the binding of E-selectin to HT-29 cells involves a functional and signaling receptor. However, the binding of E-selectin to HT-29 cells does not lead to phosphorylation of β4 integrin suggesting that the two adhesion events are not signalingly linked. The adhesion of HT-29 cells to TNFα-treated HUVEC also implicates a soluble unidentified factor. This indicates that the adhesion of cancer cells to the endothelium uses the same sequence as lymphocytes namely, selectins, chemokines and integrins. Blocking the adhesion-mediated increase of SAPK2/p38 activity of HT-29 cells inhibits their transendothelial migration. Overall, our results suggest that the specific regulation of transendothelial migration of tumor cells involves two essential steps: 1) adhesion to the endothelium by the sequential use of adhesion molecules, such as E-selectin and β4 integrin, 2) increased motogenic potential through adhesion-mediated activation of the SAPK2p38 pathway.
Fugaru, Ioana. "Caractérisation des mécanismes de remodelage du microenvironnement hépatique par le mélanome uvéal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36685.
Full textUveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults. Different treatments are offered in order to control the tumor locally. Despite local interventions, 34% of patients develop fatal metastases to the liver less than ten years after the initial diagnosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are quiescent cells of the liver, which, once activated, dedifferenciate into myofibroblasts and produce an extracellular matrix (ECM). HSCs are major players in fibrosis and have been studied for their role in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancers and metastatic gastrointestinal cancers. We thus studied the interactions between HSCs and uveal melanoma cells (UMCs) by realizing their co-culture in insert in order to better understand the hepatic tropism phenomenon. The gene expression profile of HSC/UMC cocultures was then compared to that of monocultures using DNA microarrays. Several genes that participate in the ECM synthesis, proliferation and host defense were found to be deregulated between these conditions. We also focused on the secretion of 105 cytokines by performing cytokine arrays. We then determined that the migration capacity of HSCs in the presence of UMCs was more efficient than that of HSCs grown in monoculture. Moreover, we produced the first 3D model of liver stroma with HSCs using the self-assembly method of the Centre LOEX. We observed an important disorganization of the ECM when stromas were seeded with UMCs. My work represents an advanced of knowledge on metastatic UM and its liver tropism. My master’s thesis can guide other projects to elucidate interactions between UMCs and hepatic cells in order to identify a potential therapeutic target on which we may act upon to slow down the growth of metastases.
Benomar, Abdeljalil. "Interactions macrophages-cellules tumorales : modulation des activités antitumorales de macrophages (murins et humains) par des cellules de lignées de mélanomes malins humains." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO1H062.
Full textToillon, Robert-Alain. "Caractérisation des effets apoptotiques des cellules épithéliales mammaires normales sur les cellules cancéreuses du sein." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-229.pdf.
Full textCho, Julio Cesar. "Criblage aux petites molécules dans un modèle de cellules souches tumorales chez la drosophila." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066128.
Full textRoger, Sébastien. "Intervention des canaux sodiques dépendants du voltage dans l'invasivité de cellules tumorales." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4008.
Full textIonic channels are transmembrane proteins well known for their role in excitable cells and recently involved in numerous cancerous properties. The aim of this thesis was to electrophysiologically study numerous breast and lung cancer cell lines. Indeed, we recorded the functionality of voltage-gated sodium channels in numerous cancer cell lines. We then performed the electrophysiological, pharmacological and molecular characterisations of these sodium channels. Moreover, we shown that the activity of these sodium channels is linked to the invasive properties of cancer cells. This effect is due to the regulation of extracellular matrix proteases. The involved proteases are cystein-proteases their secretion is controlled by sodium channels, through the modulation of the intracellular sodium homeostasis
Laurenson, Anne-Sophie. "Transformation des cellules souches neurales en cellules souches cancéreuses de glioblastome : rôle de la voie de signalisation Delta-Notch." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6151.
Full textTremblay, Pierre-Luc. "Mécanismes d'extravasation des cellules cancéreuses suite à leur adhérence à la E-sélectine des cellules endothéliales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24994/24994.pdf.
Full textTang, Yadong. "Conception et étude de microsystèmes avancés pour la recherche de cellules souches et de cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066035/document.
Full textThis work aimed to provide new tools and methods that can be used for advanced studies of stem cells and cancer cells. We first developed a patch method for off-ground culture and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The culture patch we proposed consists of crosslinked monolayer gelatin nanofibers on a honeycomb frame to ensure minimal exogenous material contact and maximum permeability. Then, we demonstrated the formation of cardiac tissue constructs and motor neurons on the patch, started from embryoid-body like and monolayer hiPSC colonies, respectively. We also developed a microfluidic device with integrated filter for isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), showing high capture performances in terms of efficiency, selectivity and cell viability. Finally, we evaluated the anti-cancer drug effect on the formation of tumor spheroids by using microfabricated agarose multi-wells. All together, we progressed in micro-engineering toward large scale applications
Vales, Simon. "Impact des cellules gliales entériques sur les cellules souches cancéreuses coliques et processus de carcinogenèse associés." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1033.
Full textCancer stem cells (CSC) are a subset of tumor cells thatpossess increased tumorigenic and metastatic abilities,as well as enhanced resistance to chemotherapy andradiotherapy. Thus CSC are considered as responsiblefor tumor initiation, metastasis and relapse. Compellingevidence have shown that the tumor microenvironmenttightly controls CSC functions. Among the cells of thecolorectal tumor microenvironment are enteric glial cells(EGC) that are potent regulators of barrier functions in ahealthy intestine. However, little is known about theimpact of EGC on colorectal carcinogenesis. Thereforethe main objective of my PhD project was to exploreEGC impact on CSC functions and associatedcarcinogenesis processes. Using in vitro and in vivoapproaches, we demonstrated that tumor cells activateEGC to acquire a pro-tumorigenic phenotype via therelease of IL-1. We also showed that tumor-activatedEGC increase CSC ability to initiate the formation of atumor via the production of PGE2 and the activation ofEP4/EGFR-dependent pathways in CSC. In a secondstudy, we demonstrated that EGC increase CSC abilityto give rise to tumors in the presence of 5- fluorouraciland oxaliplatin via an ATM-dependent pathway.Altogether our data demonstrate that EGC are a keycomponent of the tumor microenvironment that, onceactivated by the tumor, stimulates CSC and thuspromotes associated carcinogenesis
Binet-Vicard, Elisabeth. "Différenciation, in vitro, de cellules de carcinome murin : réponse et sécrétion hormonale." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO1T009.
Full textMassa, Fabienne. "Rôle du système neurotensinergique dans la prolifération et l'adhésion des cellules cancéreuses de colon." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4055.
Full textNeurotensin (NT) can act in periphery and in the central nervous system. Two of this receptors are G protein coupled receptors (NTSR1 and NTSR2) and the third, is a type I receptor with one transmembrane domain (NTSR3 or sortilin). NT and NTSR1 are both implicated in tumoral progression and there are overexpressed in a lot of cancer. NT induces proliferation of cancerous cells which are mediated by NTSR1 which may transactivate the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). We demonstrated that NT doesn’t transactivate the EGFR in HT29 cell line, a human adenocarcinoma of colon. NTSR3 is a multifunctional protein, is implicated in sorting of proteins, proliferation, differenciation… Moreover, once at the plasma membrane, NTSR3 can be hydrolysed and freed in a soluble form, in the extracellular medium (sNTSR3). During my PhD, I demonstrated that the sNTSR3 is an active molecule with a biological activity, as it induces the release of intracellular calcium. The sNTSR3 activates intracellular signaling like the complex FAK-Src, PKCα and Pi3K pathway, leading to an increase in cancerous cell adhesion. Furthermore, sNTSR3 increases E-Cadherin expression, space between cells and enhances the proliferation induced by EGF. Taken together, these results indicate that the soluble form of NTSR3 can be implicated in tumoral progression
Hinkel, Isabelle. "Plasticité des cellules cancéreuses coliques : impact du facteur d'identité tissulaire Cdx2." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871086.
Full textBouchard, Gina. "Prévention de la migration radio-induite des cellules cancéreuses du sein." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9618.
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