Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microemulsioni

Academic literature on the topic 'Microemulsioni'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Microemulsioni"

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Morey, Timothy E., Jerome H. Modell, Dushyant Shekhawat, Todd Grand, Dinesh O. Shah, Nikolaus Gravenstein, Susan P. McGorray, and Donn M. Dennis. "Preparation and Anesthetic Properties of Propofol Microemulsions in Rats." Anesthesiology 104, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200606000-00013.

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Background The lipophilicity of propofol has required dispersion in a soybean macroemulsion. The authors hypothesized that the anesthetic properties of propofol are preserved when reformulated as a transparent microemulsion rather than as a turbid macroemulsion and that the dose-response relation can be selectively modified by altering the microemulsion's surfactant type and concentration. Methods Microemulsions of propofol were formulated using purified poloxamer 188 (3%, 5%, 7%), and sodium salt of fatty acids (C(8), C(10), C(12)) in saline and characterized using ternary/binary diagrams, particle sizing, and stability upon dilution. Rats received propofol (10 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1)) as either a microemulsion or a conventional macroemulsion to determine these end points: induction (dose; stunned; loss of lash reflex, righting reflex, withdrawal to toe pinch) and recovery (recovery of lash, righting, withdrawal reflexes). After a 14-day recovery period, rats were crossed over into the opposite experimental limb. Results Forty-eight microemulsions (diameter, 11.9-47.7 nm) were formulated. Longer carbon chain length led to a marked increase in the volume of diluent necessary to break these microemulsions. All rats experienced anesthetic induction with successful recovery, although significantly greater doses of propofol were required to induce anesthesia with microemulsions irrespective of surfactant concentration or type than with macroemulsions. The sodium salt of C10 fatty acid microemulsion required the greatest dose and longest time for anesthetic induction. Conclusion Propofol microemulsions cause induction in rats similar to that from macroemulsions. The surfactant concentration and type markedly affect the spontaneous destabilization and anesthetic properties of microemulsions, a phenomenon suggesting a mechanism whereby dose-response relation can be selectively modified.
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Kaewbanjong, Jarika, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, and Prapaporn Boonme. "Formulation and Characterization of Clotrimazole Microemulsions and Microemulsion-Based Gels." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 04 (August 2014): 1440005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14400055.

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This study aimed to formulate and physically characterized clotrimazole microemulsions and microemulsion based-gels compared with their blank counterparts. Microemulsions were prepared by simple mixing of isopropyl palmitate, 2:1 mixture of water and isopropyl alcohol and 1:1 mixture of polyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monooleate. To develop microemulsion-based gels, fumed silica was use as a thickening agent at 2.5, 5 or 7.5% w/w. All studied formulations, i.e., 2 microemulsions and 6 microemulsion based-gels were investigated for physical properties such as appearance, conductivity, pH, rheological behavior and spreadability. Afterwards, 2 microemulsions (ME1 and ME2) and 2 microemulsion based-gels (MBG1-3 and MBG2-2) were selected to incorporate with clotrimazole and then investigated for physical properties. All formulations showed good appearance and physical properties. Clotrimazole did not affect most characteristics of their blank counterparts, except conductivity. Therefore, the investigated microemulsions and microemulsion based gels could be used as the vehicles of clotrimazole for skin drug delivery.
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Mishra, Amul, Ridhi Panola, and A. C. Rana. "Microemulsions: As drug delivery system." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 3, no. 4 (August 25, 2014): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2014.3412.

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Microemulsions are excellent candidates as potential drug delivery systems because of their improved drug solubilization, long shelf life, and ease of preparation and administration. The formulation of microemulsion for pharmaceutical use requires a thorough understanding of the properties, uses, and limitations of microemulsion. Three distinct microemulsions – oil external, water external and middle phase can be used for drug delivery, depending upon the type of drug delivery upon the type of drug and the site of action. In this article, Since the term ‘microemulsion’ was first coined almost fifty years ago to describe clear, isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems composed of oil, water, surfactant and cosurfactant, numerous and varied reports of the applications of microemulsions have appeared in the literature. Reports of the use of microemulsions in separation science began to appear in the literature in the early 1990’s when they were first used as mobile phases for HPLC and as carrier electrolytes for CE separations, particularly for pharmaceutical applications.
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Rusling, James F. "Green synthesis via electrolysis in microemulsions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 12 (January 1, 2001): 1895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173121895.

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Electrolysis in microemulsions is a promising approach for environmentally friendly chemical synthetic methods of the future. Employing microemulsions instead of organic solvents for electrosynthesis has the advantages of lower toxicity and cost, high dissolving power for reactants and mediators of unlike solubility, enhancement of reaction rates by controlling the reduction potentials of mediators, possible reaction pathway control, and recycling of microemulsion components. This paper reviews recent progress in using microemulsions for direct and mediated electrosynthesis, including formation of carbon­carbon bonds. Rates of mediated reactions can be controlled by manipulating microemulsion composition. Examples are presented, in which reaction pathways of direct and mediated electrolyses can be controlled with microemulsions to give desired products in high yields. Such control has been demonstrated with dissolved and surface-bound mediators. For a covalently linked scaffold of poly(l-lysine) and cobalt corrin vitamin B12 hexacarboxylate attached to graphite, catalytic turnover rate for reduction of 1,2-dibromocylcohexane was optimized by optimizing microemulsion composition.
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Li, Menghua, Haixia Zhang, Zongxu Wu, Zhenxing Zhu, and Xinlei Jia. "DPD Simulation on the Transformation and Stability of O/W and W/O Microemulsions." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041361.

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The dissipative particle dynamics simulation method is adopted to investigate the microemulsion systems prepared with surfactant (H1T1), oil (O) and water (W), which are expressed by coarse-grained models. Two topologies of O/W and W/O microemulsions are simulated with various oil and water ratios. Inverse W/O microemulsion transform to O/W microemulsion by decreasing the ratio of oil-water from 3:1 to 1:3. The stability of O/W and W/O microemulsion is controlled by shear rate, inorganic salt and the temperature, and the corresponding results are analyzed by the translucent three-dimensional structure, the mean interfacial tension and end-to-end distance of H1T1. The results show that W/O microemulsion is more stable than O/W microemulsion to resist higher inorganic salt concentration, shear rate and temperature. This investigation provides a powerful tool to predict the structure and the stability of various microemulsion systems, which is of great importance to developing new multifunctional microemulsions for multiple applications.
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Lu, I.-Ju, Yaw-Syan Fu, Wen-Yu Chang, and Pao-Chu Wu. "Using Microemulsion as Carrier for Drug Transdermal Delivery: The Effect of Surfactants and Cosurfactants." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 10 (August 5, 2019): 1052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190527091528.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of types of surfactants and cosurfactants on physicochemical properties and permeability of sumatriptan-loaded microemulsions through rat skin. Methods: Different types of surfactants and cosurfactants were used to prepare drug-loaded microemulsions. The physicochemical characters and permeability parameters of these formulations were measured. Results: The experimental microemulsions with varying components had small droplet size ranging from 24.6 nm to 2568.8 nm, low viscosity ranging from 7.49 to 43.34 cps and significant permeation enhancement ratio ranging from 23.0 to 98.6 when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The composition and proportion of surfactants and cosurfactants were key factors for the physiochemical properties of drug-loaded microemulsions. The cumulative transdermal amount of the microemulsion containing mixture surfactant of Laureth-3/Laureth-23 was higher than that of the microemulsion with a mixture of Tween 80/Span 20. In the selected cosurfactant, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGMEE) showed highest permeation enhancement. Thermodynamic stability tests revealed that the experimental microemulsion was a stable enough formulation to be considered as a suitable carrier for sumatriptan.
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Scomoroscenco, Cristina, Mircea Teodorescu, Adina Raducan, Miruna Stan, Sorina Nicoleta Voicu, Bodgan Trica, Claudia Mihaela Ninciuleanu, et al. "Novel Gel Microemulsion as Topical Drug Delivery System for Curcumin in Dermatocosmetics." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040505.

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Gel microemulsion combines the advantages of the microemulsion, which can encapsulate, protect and deliver large quantities of active ingredients, and the gel, which is so appreciated in the cosmetic industry. This study aimed to develop and characterize new gel microemulsions suitable for topical cosmetic applications, using grape seed oil as the oily phase, which is often employed in pharmaceuticals, especially in cosmetics. The optimized microemulsion was formulated using Tween 80 and Plurol® Diisostearique CG as a surfactant mix and ethanol as a co-solvent. Three different water-soluble polymers were selected in order to increase the viscosity of the microemulsion: Carbopol® 980 NF, chitosan, and sodium hyaluronate salt. All used ingredients are safe, biocompatible and biodegradable. Curcumin was chosen as a model drug. The obtained systems were physico-chemically characterized by means of electrical conductivity, dynamic light scattering, polarized microscopy and rheometric measurements. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity was accomplished by MTT assay. In the final phase of the study, the release behavior of Curcumin from the optimized microemulsion and two gel microemulsions was evaluated. Additionally, mathematical models were applied to establish the kinetic release mechanism. The obtained gel microemulsions could be effective systems for incorporation and controlled release of the hydrophobic active ingredients.
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Tunit, Prakairat, Chuda Chittasupho, Kusuma Sriyakul, Parunkul Tungsuruthai, Panlop Chakkavittumrong, Kesara Na-Bangchang, and Somboon Kietinun. "Emulgels Containing Perilla frutescens Seed Oil, Moringa oleifera Seed Oil, and Mixed Seed Oil: Microemulsion and Safety Assessment." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122348.

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P. frutescens seed oil and M. oleifera seed oil consist of fatty acids and sterols that are beneficial for skin. Mixing of these oils at 1:1 ratio has shown to increase antioxidant activity of oils. This study aims to formulate emulgels containing microemulsions of P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed P. frutescens and M. oleifera seed oils. The chemical constituents of P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed seed oil are analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The microemulsions are formulated by a phase titration method and characterized for the droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential value using a dynamic light scattering technique. The physical and chemical stability of the microemulsions are investigated using a rheometer and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The safety of microemulsion is evaluated on PBMC and human subjects. Emulgels containing three different types of microemulsion are formulated. The results show that P. frutescens seed oil is mainly composed of alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, whereas M. oleifera seed oil contains a high proportion of oleic acid. Mixed seed oil contains a comparable amount of alpha-linolenic acid and oleic acid. All types of oils are composed of β-sitosterol as the major plant sterol. Microemulsions of all types of oils are successfully prepared by using Tween 80 as a surfactant due to the largest transparent region of pseudoternary phase diagram. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values of all types of microemulsion are in the acceptable range upon storage at 30 °C for 1 month. Microemulsions exhibit pseudoplastic flow behavior. The percent of remaining oils in all types of microemulsion is more than 90% after storage at 30 °C for 1 month. Emulgels containing three types of microemulsions exhibit good characteristics and no change in viscosity after storage at 4, 30, and 45 °C for 1 month. The safety results reveal that three types of microemulsion do not induce cytotoxicity to PBMC nor induce skin irritation and allergic reactions. Emulgels containing microemulsions developed in this study can be used to safely deliver P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed seed oil to human skin.
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Kang, Sesik, Minsu Ju, and Junghun Kim. "A Study of Ni & Cu Surface Status in a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide into a Microemulsion Using QCM." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 4, no. 1 (January 2016): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2016010104.

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A set of Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCM's) was used to observe the film removal characteristics of three different CO2-nitric acid microemulsions. QCM's electroplated with nickel or copper were used as specimens. F-AOT, NP-4 and the synthesized Proline Surfactant-1 were used as surfactants to create microemulsions. While the F-AOT microemulsion yielded a relatively low removal rate, that of the Proline Surfactant-1 completely removed the Cu metal film within a short period of time. The NP-4 microemulsion removed the metal surface. However, removal rate measurements per QCM were not possible due to the instability of the microemulsion when Cu ions were present in the nitric solution. The reaction kinetics and metal removal capabilities of microemulsion formed by the different surfactants are explained along with the characteristics of reverse micelles.
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Tunit, Prakairat, Somboon Kietinun, Kusuma Sriyakul, Parunkul Tungsukruthai, and Chuda Chittasupho. "Enhancement of Antioxidant Activity by the Combination of Moringa oleifera and Perilla frutescens Seed Oils in Microemulsion." Key Engineering Materials 859 (August 2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.859.100.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic antioxidant activity of microemulsion containing mixed Moringa oleifera seed oil and Perilla frutescens seed oils, compared with microemulsion of single oils. The novel microemulsions for the moringa, perilla, and mixed seed oils were formulated by mixing appropriate amount of surfactant, water, and oil phase. The formulation containing the maximum amount of oil which appeared transparent was further evaluated for particle size, size distribution, surface charge, pH, and rheological behavior. The in vitro antioxidant properties of microemulsions were investigated in comparison with essential oils. Cream containing microemulsion was prepared and its physical stability was investigated by heating-cooling cycles. The results showed that the maximum content of oil incorporated in microemulsion system was 12.5%. The mean droplet sizes of moringa, perilla, and mixed oil microemulsion were 159.33±0.77, 183.86±1.42, and 263.43± 9.40 nm, respectively. All formulations exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior. The mixture of moringa and perila seed oils in microemulsion possessed the highest significant antioxidant effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl compared with single oil microemulsion. The cream containing microemulsion exhibited good physical stability. Thus, the current research reveals the benefits of microemulsion containing mixed moringa and perilla seed oils based cream compared with single essential oils.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microemulsioni"

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Pandey, Sujata. "Design, Optimization and Characterization of Ibuprofen Microemulsions and Microemulsion-Based Gels." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158894431613094.

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Bellich, Barbara. "Preparazione e caratterizzazione di forme farmaceutiche solide orali a partire da materiale composito." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2568.

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2006/2007
La somministrazione per via orale è la preferita per il trattamento farmacologico cronico. Circa il 40% dei nuovi principi attivi, tra i quali numerosi potenti farmaci lipofilici, è caratterizzato da bassa solubilità in acqua e la somministrazione per via orale di tali farmaci è frequentemente associata a bassa biodisponibilità. Infatti l’assorbimento di un principio attivo rilasciato da una forma farmaceutica orale dipende essenzialmente da due fattori: la dissoluzione del p.a. nel tratto gastrointestinale e la sua permeabilità attraverso la mucosa. Sulla base di questi due parametri i principi attivi sono stati distinti in quattro classi (Biopharmaceutical Classification System). In particolare per la seconda classe di composti, la dissoluzione nel lume gastro-intestinale è lo step limitante il processo di assorbimento. Per questa classe, numerosi approcci tecnologici sono riportati in letteratura allo scopo di aumentare la biodisponibilità orale di farmaci lipofilici come per esempio l’incorporazione in veicoli lipidici inerti come olii, la formulazione di sistemi auto-emulsificanti, di emulsioni e microemulsioni, liposomi, complessi di inclusione e sistemi dispersi farmaco-carrier. Rispetto a tali metodi convenzionali, il lavoro svolto ha riguardato la preparazione di sistemi attivati a base di ubidecarenone e ciclosporina ricorrendo alla tecnologia NEC (Nanoemulsified Composites) in collaborazione con la ditta Remedia s.r.l. titolare della tecnologia brevettata. La tecnologia NEC si basa sull’incorporazione di una doppia microemulsione (o/a/o) in un carrier microporoso. Successivamente l’attenzione è stata focalizzata sull’innovativa applicabilità delle microonde alla preparazione di sistemi binari farmaco:carrier. Il riscaldamento per mezzo delle microonde sfrutta le proprietà che le sostanze chimiche hanno di assorbire l’energia direttamente dalle onde elettromagnetiche le quali sono in grado di aumentare l’agitazione termica, e quindi la temperatura. L’energia fornita dalle radiazioni viene ceduta direttamente alla sostanza ed in tempi molto brevi. Tutte le sostanze caratterizzate da un dipolo, anche minimo, possono assorbire microonde. In tale contesto, oggetto della ricerca è stata l’attivazione dell’ibuprofene e piroxicam. Per tutti i farmaci considerati è stato inizialmente effettuato uno studio di messa a punto delle sostanze e delle condizioni operative ottimali, atte a fornire un prodotto finale lavorabile (prodotto composito). Alla preparazione dei sistemi ha fatto seguito la caratterizzazione chimico-fisica, necessaria per appurare lo stato solido del principio attivo. In particolare le tecniche adottate sono state: calorimetria a scansione differenziale (DSC), raggi X su polvere (PXRD), microscopia elettronica (SEM), hotstage microscopi (HSM), laser-light scattering. Successivamente le formulazioni approntate sono state caratterizzate anche dal punto di vista tecnologico e dissolutivo in termini di studi di cinetica di solubilizzazione e di rilascio. Inoltre in alcuni casi il prodotto è stato testato in vivo su ratti. Ed è stata anche valutata, in alcuni casi, la possibilità di realizzare forme farmaceutiche solide ad uso orale quali capsule e compresse. I risultati ottenuti sono qui di seguito riassunti. UBIDECARENONE La tecnologia preparativa adottata unitamente alla selezione dei componenti, hanno dimostrato il raggiungimento dell’obiettivo del presente lavoro e cioè l’aumento della biodisponibilità in vivo dell’Ubidecarenone. Le caratteristiche tecnologiche del materiale composito hanno permesso un’agevole realizzazione di capsule rigide ma, con un’ulteriore selezione di eccipienti per compressione diretta, si potrà realizzare anche la forma di dosaggio in compresse. CICLOSPORINA Il prodotto composito preparato è dunque risultato essere in grado di aumentare la biodisponibilità in vivo della ciclosporina rispetto alla materia prima commerciale. IBUPROFENE Dai risultati ottenuti si può concludere che la tecnica utilizzata e i polimeri scelti hanno portato ad un grado di amorfizzazione del farmaco tale da essere responsabile dell’incremento del profilo di dissoluzione in vitro delle dispersioni solide (IBU:PVP/VA e IBU: HP-β-CD) rispetto ai campioni di confronto. PIROXICAM Anche in questo studio è stato possibile verificare l’applicabilità delle MW alla creazione di sistemi dispersi solvent-free. Gli indiscussi vantaggi al ricorso ad un reattore a MW focalizzate (CEM) in termini di tempi e potenze applicate sono stati verificati. Il raggiungimento dell’obiettivo del lavoro e cioè l’aumento della biodisponibilità in vitro del piroxicam è stato ottenuto associando alla tecnologia adottata il polimero PVP/VA 64.
XX Ciclo
1974
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Taylor, Diana Jacqueline Falcon. "Temperature insensitive microemulsions." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310404.

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Mertzman, Melissa Danielle Foley Joe Preston. "Chiral microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/340.

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Kahle, Kimberly Ann Foley Joe Preston. "Effect of identity and number of chiral microemulsion components in chiral microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1293.

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Memon, Muhammad Hanif. "Microemulsions as analytical reaction media." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235839.

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Mead, J. "Structure and reactivity in microemulsions." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355149.

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Steudle, Anne Katharina. "Enzyme activity in bicontinuous microemulsions." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11178/.

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The thesis deals with enzymatic catalysis in bicontinuous microemulsions, which consist of a dynamic network of oil and water domains separated by a monolayer of surfactant molecules, i.e. the interfacial layer. Hence, a microemulsion with the composition buffer – n-octane – nonionic surfactant was tested as a reaction medium for enzyme-catalysed reactions with the emphasis on the conversion of hydrophobic substrates, which are difficult to convert in aqueous buffer solutions. The first part of the thesis focuses on the activity of the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB) in bicontinuous microemulsions. First, the optimum reaction conditions determined by temperature, pH and ionic strength were evaluated. Second, it was found that CalB concentrations which showed fast adsorption at an oil-water interface also displayed fast reaction rates. Additionally, no saturation was found for substrate concentrations up to 40 mM of p-nitrophenyl laurate, which according to Michaelis-Menten suggests a Km >> 40 mM. Third, the composition of the interfacial layer had a distinct influence on CalB activity, e.g. the presence of sugar surfactants (b-C10G1) or phospholipids (DOPC) enhanced or decreased CalB activity, respectively. The second part of the thesis describes the activity of the squalene-hopene cyclase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (Aac SHC) converting its natural substrate squalene in bicontinuous microemulsions. The Aac SHC activity studies revealed a linear dependence on enzyme concentration and a hyperbolic curve for the substrate concentration, with a saturation of Aac SHC at substrate concentrations above 20 mM. The composition of the interfacial layer was found to have neither a significant influence on the activity nor on the conformation of Aac SHC. In summary, good turnover rates were achieved for interfacially-active enzymes (CalB) due to enhanced enzyme-substrate contact at the interfacial layer. For water-soluble enzymes (Aac SHC), a distinctly enhanced selectivity was discovered, although no faster reaction rate was found. The main difference in the catalytic turnover was explained by the adsorption of CalB at the interfacial layer, whereas Aac SHC stays in the aqueous phase of the microemulsion. To conclude, bicontinuous microemulsions were suitable for enzymatic catalysis and are thus interesting in terms of reaction medium engineering to optimise biocatalytic processes.
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Biggs, Simon Richard. "Block copolymers in microemulsion systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303769.

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Radiman, Shahidan. "Structural characterisation of microemulsion systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333282.

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Books on the topic "Microemulsioni"

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Stubenrauch, Cosima, ed. Microemulsions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444305524.

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1924-, Rosano Henri L., Clausse Marc, Colloid and Surface Science Symposium (59th : 1985 : Potsdam, N.Y.), and International Conference on Surface and Colloid Science (5th : 1985 : Potsdam, N.Y.), eds. Microemulsion systems. New York, N.Y: M. Dekker, 1987.

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Shah, Dinesh O., ed. Macro- and Microemulsions. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0272.

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Martellucci, S., and A. N. Chester, eds. Progress in Microemulsions. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0809-4.

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Laupheimer, Michaela. Gelled Bicontinuous Microemulsions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07719-2.

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Langevin, Dominique. Emulsions, Microemulsions and Foams. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55681-5.

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Chen, S. H., and R. Rajagopalan, eds. Micellar Solutions and Microemulsions. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8938-5.

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C, Solans, and Kunieda Hironobu 1948-, eds. Industrial applications of microemulsions. New York: M. Dekker, 1997.

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Microemulsions: Properties and applications. Boca Raton, Fla: Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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1930-, Friberg Stig, and Bothorel Pierre, eds. Microemulsions: Structure and dynamics. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microemulsioni"

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Pappinen, Sari, and Arto Urtti. "Microemulsions." In Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement, 253–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_16.

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Clint, John H. "Microemulsions." In Surfactant Aggregation, 222–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2272-6_10.

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Roohinejad, Shahin, Indrawati Oey, David W. Everett, and Ralf Greiner. "Microemulsions." In Emulsion-based Systems for Delivery of Food Active Compounds, 231–62. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119247159.ch9.

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Eastoe, Julian, Marios Hopkins Hatzopoulos, and Rico Tabor. "Microemulsions." In Encyclopedia of Colloid and Interface Science, 688–729. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20665-8_25.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Microemulsions." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 461. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7475.

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Pincus, P., S. Safran, S. Alexander, and D. Hone. "Ionic Microemulsions." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 40–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93301-1_6.

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Friberg, Stig E., and Khowla Qamheye. "When is a Microemulsion a Microemulsion?" In The Structure, Dynamics and Equilibrium Properties of Colloidal Systems, 221–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3746-1_15.

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Rempel, Garry L., and Hui Wang. "Microemulsion Polymerization." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_262-1.

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Sager, Wiebke F. C. "Microemulsion Templating." In Nanostructured Soft Matter, 3–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6330-5_1.

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Rempel, Garry L., and Hui Wang. "Microemulsion Polymerization." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1241–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_262.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microemulsioni"

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Rousseau, David, Clémence Le Gallo, Nicolas Wartenberg, and Tiphaine Courtaud. "Mobility Of Microemulsions: A New Method to Improve Understanding and Performances of Surfactant EOR." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209414-ms.

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Abstract The mobility of Winsor III microemulsions, which can form in reservoirs when a surfactant formulation contacts oil, has become a critical parameter for feasibility evaluations of surfactant flooding EOR. The reason is that these bicontinous phases with low mobility are likely to impair the sweep efficiency of the remobilized oil. The common procedures to evaluate microemulsion's mobility are based on viscosity measurements. As they involve rheometers, namely pure shear flows, and conditions where microemulsions are separated from the water and oil phases they should remain equilibrated with, they are not satisfactory. We present a new method to directly determine the mobility of microemulsions at equilibrium and in-situ, namely when flowing in porous media. The method consists in preforming the Winsor III microemulsion in a buffer cell and then injecting it in a small sized core plug. The bicontinous phase stays at equilibrium because the oil and water phases, present in the buffer cell, remain in contact with it. The mobility is assessed through the resistance factor (or mobility reduction factor), relative to the water phase injected first. This observable accounts for both viscosity and potential permeability impairment effect. As it directly represents the reduction of the mobility of the water phase, it is representative of phenomena taking place in the reservoir. During a typical experiment, the same microemulsion is also injected in a capillary tube, in order to determine its viscosity in a pure shear flow. Winsor III microemulsions were injected in sandstone plugs of three different permeabilities (1700 to 45 mD), and in a 170 mD carbonate plug. The first outcomes are that the resistance factors in the porous media and capillary relative viscosities have a marked shear-thinning behavior but are always of the same order of magnitude. This indicates that the flow of microemulsions entails no or little permeability impairment. Based on the experimental determination of the porous media's shape factors, the resistance factors and capillary viscosity data were also plotted against the equivalent wall shear rate. For the highest permeability sandstone, the capillary and porous medium data scaled almost perfectly, showing that, in this case, the microemulsion's transport properties are that of an ideal non-Newtonian fluid. However, increasing deviations were observed when decreasing the sandstone permeability as well as for the carbonate porous medium. This suggests that microemulsions are strongly affected by the composite deformations taking place in complex microscopic pore structures. These outcomes show the importance of determining the microemulsion-induced resistance factor in representative conditions in order to forecast for the impact of microemulsion's mobility in reservoirs. Furthermore, the method proposed can be applied to investigate close to optimum conditions as well as to study the propagation of microemulsions.
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Ansari, Rafat R., Harbans S. Dhadwal, H. Michael Cheung, and William V. Meyer. "Microemulsion Characterization Using a Fiber Optic Probe." In Photon Correlation and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pcs.1992.ma5.

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Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable systems in which one phase (e.g. oil) is dispersed into another phase (e.g. water). The globule size of the dispersed phase is normally less than 1 micron. Microemulsion systems are normally transparent when a short chain alcohol is added. Microemulsions have practical value in food industry, cosmetic industry, drug-delivery systems, and enhanced oil recovery. One of the most sought out physical characteristic of a microemulsion system is the globule size in case of a monodisperse system and the globule size distribution in case of a polydisperse system. The conventional techniques of sedimentation, centrifugation, and electrochemical are limited in scope, because they require elaborate calibration procedures and are invasive in nature. The conventional light scattering has the capability of making non-invasive measurements on dilute microemulsion systems, but as discussed later the conventional light scattering instrumentation is practically difficult to use in field operations.
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Christesen, Steven D., Stephanie M. Garlick, and Fred R. Longo. "Microemulsion Aggregation Numbers Determined by Time-Resolved Luminescence." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.wb3.

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The time-resolved luminescence technique developed by Infelta et. al. 1 has been used to measure the aggregation numbers (number of surfactant molecules per aggregate) for microemulsions containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromid (CTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as surfactants. Microemulsions are transparent dispersions of two immiscible liquids (e.g. oil and water) stabilized by an emulsifier comprising a surfactant and cosurfactant (Figure 1). The microemulsion aggregates typically have radii of 100-500 Angstroms. Microemulsions are being studied for possible use in decontamination of toxic organophosphorus compounds.
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Abrar, Iyman, and Ashok N. Bhaskarwar. "Performance of Microemulsion Fuels As an Alternative for Diesel Engine." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9566.

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Microemulsions are sustainable alternatives to fos sil fuels, which could possibly be used without any modifications in current engines and storage-transportation-supply infrastructure. Our current work attempts to examine the usability of butanol-diesel-water microemulsion fuels in a diesel engine. A small percentage of water is desirable, as it reduces the NOx and smoke emissions. The microemulsion regions were mapped out in ternary phase diagrams, and the fuel was characterized as per ASTM D975, and further examined for its performance in a diesel engine. The formulated microemulsions satisfied the ASTM standards, and had properties (density, viscosity, flash points, cloud points, copper strip corrosion rating, sulfur content, and ash percent) close to those of neat diesel. The percentage change in property ε was calculated as [|(εdiesel − εmicroemulsion)|/εdiesel] × 100. The calorific values for the microemulsion fuels showed a maximum reduction of 8.31% as compared to that of neat diesel. The brake thermal efficiency, however, increased by 15.38% for the same, with respect to the value for neat diesel (2% higher overall efficiency of the engine). The brake specific fuel consumption was also lowered by 5.04%, and the maximum reduction in emissions of CO, unburnt HC, CO2, and NOx were observed to be 53.48%, 67.40%, 30.82%, and 41.72%, respectively, relative to those of neat diesel. The present experimental investigations thus suggest that the microemulsions could be used as a sustainable cleaner alternative to diesel.
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Acosta, Edgar, and Rafael Perez. "The zipper self-assembly effect applied to naphthenic acid systems." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nxye5522.

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Naphthenic acids (NAs) are naturally-occuring cylic and aromatic fatty acids found in a variety of crude oils. Naphthenic acids and their neutralized form, sodium naphthenates (NaN), have been identified as the main surface-active species present in bitumenous oils, controlling most of their interfacial behavior. Different from other fatty acids, that upon neutralization undergo phase inversion and experience ultralow IFT, naphthenic acids do not produce such ultralow interfacial tension. This presentation introduces a discussion about the possible reasons that explain this unusual behavior. Some of those reasons include the possibility of extremely hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in the NA + NaN mixture, similar to the behavior of hydrophilic and lipophilic linkers used in microemulsion formulations. It has been previously shown that mixtures of hydrophilic and lipophilic linkers do not produce microemulsions (and thus ultralow interfacial tensions), but that with addition of a small amount of a surfactant of intermediate hydrophobicity, they can self-assemble to produce large bicontinuous microemulsions. This idea is explored in this work to produce low to ultralow interfacial tensions with partially neutralized naphthenic acids in the presence of a model oil. The potential implications and applications of these findings are discussed.
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Tan, Carol, and Edgar Acosta. "Extraction of clove oil via solvent-enhanced capillary displacement." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/tlir3038.

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Extraction of flavours and fragrances from plants and other biomass substrates is often carried out by steam distillation or solvent extraction (including supercritical extraction). Steam distillation is the oldest, most common, method of extraction but its effectiveness is limited for oils with lower volatility such as clove oil (eugenol boiling point is more than 200 Celsius). Solvent extraction is a more effective method for oil extraction, but it often requires large solvent/biomass ratios, and the recovery of such large quantities of solvent via distillation. In this work we use food-grade lecithin microemulsions to promote low interfacial tension between the oil phase and water that can promote the displacement of oil bodies from the biomass matrix. The use of the HLD-NAC framework (to formulate these microemulsions, and the extraction conditions) is discussed and the potential advantages and limitations of the technology.
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Komura, Shigeyuki, Hiroya Kodama, and Keizou Tamura. "Origin of polymeric microemulsions." In The 8th tohwa university international symposium on slow dynamics in complex systems. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58456.

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Vicari, Luciano R. M. "Self-focusing in microemulsions." In ICO XVIII 18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics, edited by Alexander J. Glass, Joseph W. Goodman, Milton Chang, Arthur H. Guenther, and Toshimitsu Asakura. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.354865.

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AHMAD, I., and S. GOLLAHALLI. "Combustion of microemulsion sprays." In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-131.

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Unsal, E., M. Broens, M. Buijse, D. Boersma, A. Makurat, and Ryan T. Armstrong. "Visualization of Microemulsion Phase." In SPE Asia Pacific Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174651-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Microemulsioni"

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Lattes, A., and M. T. Maurette. Chemical and Photochemical Reactivity in Microemulsions and Waterless Microemulsions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada193376.

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Ikura, M., M. Stanciulescu, and J. F. Kelly. Novel microemulsion additives. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304505.

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Chang, Do R. Microemulsion of Molten Salts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada233054.

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Ikura, M., and J. F. Kelly. Research consortium on microemulsion additives. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304515.

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Ikura, M., M. Stanciulescu, and J. F. Kelly. Development of novel microemulsion catalysts. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304541.

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Ikura, M., and M. Stanciulescu. Exploratory investigation of microemulsion additives. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304559.

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Stanciulescu, M., and M. Ikura. Activation of Fe based microemulsion catalyst. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304590.

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Evans, D. F. Characterization of Vesicle & Microemulsion Microstructures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada161459.

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Ikura, M., and M. Stanciulescu. Microemulsions as catalyst aids in mild severity hydrocracking. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304622.

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Friberg, S. E., M. Podzimek, and P. Neogi. Transient liquid crystals in a W/O microemulsion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6212727.

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