Journal articles on the topic 'Microclimatic amelioration'
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1
Howey, Meghan C. L., Michael Palace, Crystal H. McMichael, and Bobby Braswell. "Moderate-Resolution Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analyses of Microclimates, Mounds, and Maize in the Northern Great Lakes." Advances in Archaeological Practice 2, no. 3 (August 2014): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/2326-3768.2.3.195.
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AbstractRemote sensing applications are increasingly common in archaeology but they often focus on high resolution imagery and direct archaeological site detection. Moderate spatial resolution remote sensing instruments, which have (near) daily repeat intervals, but contain less detailed spectral and spatial information, have been employed much less frequently in archaeology. However, moderate remote sensing data offer distinct advantages for archaeological research as they can be used to relate archaeological, ecological, and climactic data at vast spatial scales. To show this potential, we use moderate remote sensing data to examine the impact of landscape heterogeneity on the spread of indigenous maize horticulture in the northern Great Lakes during Late Precontact (ca. AD 1200-1600). Analyzing National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery, we identify differences in freeze/thaw cycles across inland lakes in Michigan, showing that some large inland lakes produce a microclimatic amelioration, possibly extending the growing season for prehistoric maize cultivation. Conducting geospatial analyses, we find that burial mounds and maize cultivation practices were associated preferentially with larger inland lakes with microclimates. We could not have found these dynamic interrelationships between microclimates, burial mounds, and maize cultivation if not for both the frequent temporal imaging and large spatial coverage provided by moderate resolution remote sensing imagery.
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Kariminia, Shahab, and Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad. "Microclimatic Conditions of an Urban Square: Role of built environment and geometry." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 12 (July 19, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.128.
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Geometry plays a dominant role in thermal situations within city structures. This study aims to seek how this role affects thermal comfort of the visitors in an urban square. Computer simulations were performed along with physical measurements in an urban square during peak hot conditions of summer in Isfahan, Iran. In addition to the influence of built environment inside the square, the results confirmed the role of geometry on thermal conditions. The amelioration effect for the aspect ratio was higher than that of the orientation. Findings are useful for urban design strategies dealing with thermal comfort.Keywords: Thermal comfort; urban square; geometry; built environment eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
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Gkaidatzi, Lydia-Despoina, Areti Tseliou, Garyfallia Katsavounidou, and Efthimios Zervas. "Investigation of the thermal environment in schoolyards under Mediterranean conditions. Contribution to bioclimatic conditions improvement with the application of mild interventions – The case study of a school within the urban environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1123, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1123/1/012031.
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Abstract This study aimed to examine the thermal environment in schoolyards under Mediterranean conditions, and the impact of two interventions on the amelioration on the bioclimatic conditions. The investigation was performed for three schools in Athens, Greece, through microclimatic simulations by ENVI-met, for a typical day in June, and was evaluated based on the air and surface temperature values. The bioclimatic index Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) was applied to evaluate the thermal comfort conditions. By that, the school under the most adverse thermal conditions was selected for the application of two interventions, which increased the greenery by 25% (Proposal 1) and 50% (Proposal 2). The surface coating material “safety floor slabs”, was selected to replace the others in both proposals. Through microclimatic simulations, the following results were obtained: “Proposal 1” caused a 2.3°C reduction in surface temperature, and a 4% reduction in PET values. ‘Proposal 2’ caused an 8.1°C reduction in surface temperature, and an 11% reduction in PET values. The cooling effect of ‘Proposal 2’ was double compared to ‘Proposal 1’, achieving a maximum air temperature reduction by up to 0.8°C. The cooling effect produced was limited to the areas affected by tree shade, leaving the unshaded areas almost unaffected.
4
Dupper, Iris, and Tilman Latz. "Re-think the ex-ILVA landscape. Bagnoli’s public park, Naples 2021." Ri-Vista. Research for landscape architecture 19, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rv-11428.
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Since public space is usually associated with flexible open structures, this article looks into the transformation of the closed ex-ILVA grounds, as public green sphere, to underline emotional components in leftovers and urban policies, that add insights to the contemporary debate about environmental and social achievements of public spaces.The re-thinking of contaminated post-industrial landscapes as participatory places is not only a change in process, quality and meaning, but also a microclimatic amelioration by reducing urban heat intensification, proving to have increasing effects on human health and well-being. Emotional compontents about community identity, saftey and history are examined.How should a public urban park be designed by low initial and maintenance costs, supporting daily frequencies of citizens and health in mind and body, is the research question. More specific, how can contaminated sites be transfered into a healthy, sustainable and socially controlled public park, which idealy generates income, added value and increases life quality, respecting life expertancy, mortality rates and social well-being.
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Li, Xiaofei, Zhiwei Zhong, Dirk Sanders, Christian Smit, Deli Wang, Petri Nummi, Yu Zhu, Ling Wang, Hui Zhu, and Nazim Hassan. "Reciprocal facilitation between large herbivores and ants in a semi-arid grassland." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1888 (October 10, 2018): 20181665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1665.
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While positive interactions have been well documented in plant and sessile benthic marine communities, their role in structuring mobile animal communities and underlying mechanisms has been less explored. Using field removal experiments, we demonstrated that a large vertebrate herbivore (cattle; Bos tarurs ) and a much smaller invertebrate (ants; Lasius spp.), the two dominant animal taxa in a semi-arid grassland in Northeast China, facilitate each other. Cattle grazing led to higher ant mound abundance compared with ungrazed sites, while the presence of ant mounds increased the foraging of cattle during the peak of the growing season. Mechanistically, these reciprocal positive effects were driven by habitat amelioration and resource (food) enhancement by cattle and ants (respectively). Cattle facilitated ants, probably by decreasing plant litter accumulation by herbivory and trampling, allowing more light to reach the soil surface leading to microclimatic conditions that favour ants. Ants facilitated cattle probably by increasing soil nutrients via bioturbation, increasing food (plant) biomass and quality (nitrogen content) for cattle. Our study demonstrates reciprocal facilitative interactions between two animal species from phylogenetically very distant taxa. Such reciprocal positive interactions may be more common in animal communities than so far assumed, and they should receive more attention to improve our understanding of species coexistence and animal community assembly.
6
Tseliou, Areti, Emmanouil Melas, Athina Mela, Ioannis Tsiros, and Efthimios Zervas. "The Effect of Green Roofs and Green Façades in the Pedestrian Thermal Comfort of a Mediterranean Urban Residential Area." Atmosphere 14, no. 10 (September 29, 2023): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101512.
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The present study investigated the cooling effect of extensive green roofs and green façades, at the pedestrian level, of a Mediterranean densely populated neighborhood. The ENVI-met environmental model was employed to simulate the microclimatic environment on a typical summer day. Thermal conditions of the study area were evaluated based on air temperature and the Mediterranean thermal stress scale of UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index). Three mitigation strategies were developed to ameliorate the thermal conditions in the examined area focusing on the efficacy of green façades, green roofs, and the synergetic effect of the green façade and green roof. The mitigation strategies’ performance was evaluated in characteristic design layouts of the study area, namely the following: a typical Mediterranean square, a church with a churchyard, an avenue, NS and EW street orientations, and courtyards. Results showed that compared to the existing configuration, the synergetic effect of the green façade and green roof achieved the greatest amelioration of the thermal conditions during the hottest hours of the day (12:00–18:00) since it produced an average Tair reduction of up to 0.7 °C and a UTCI reduction of 1.6 °C (both in the courtyards design layout). Among the examined design layouts, the courtyards produced the greatest reductions in air temperature and UTCI, whereas the EW streets were the lowest.
7
Li, Xiao-Juan, Jun-Xi Deng, Wan-Jun Xie, Chi-Yung Jim, Tai-Bing Wei, Ji-Yu Lai, and Cheng-Cheng Liu. "Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Pervious Pavement Based on China’s Sponge City Concept." Water 14, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091500.
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Sponge cities provide broad hydrological functions to alleviate urban flooding and other water-related problems in China. Conventional impervious paving cannot meet contemporary sustainable city goals. The permeable paving technology offers primary benefits such as increasing stormwater infiltration, drainage, purification, groundwater recharge, and microclimatic amelioration. Few studies have evaluated the embracive range of benefits and the social functions holistically. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive benefit evaluation system to cover a broad range of indicators. Nineteen indicators were selected based on the literature review, field studies, and research experience. Organized in a three-tiered hierarchical structure, they were divided into environmental, economic, and social benefits. A grey intuitionistic fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was built by combining intuitionistic fuzzy analysis with a grey comprehensive evaluation. The computational tools could determine the differential weights of indicators and benefit scores. Taking an example of a permeable pavement project in Quanzhou City, the comprehensive benefits were assessed and validated using our evaluation model. The results show that (1) the comprehensive benefits of the project met the economic feasibility criteria with advantages over conventional paving; (2) the environmental benefits were prominently expressed; (3) the social benefits were assessed and confirmed. The results verified the feasibility and applicability of the quantitative-qualitative model. The method could permit the integrated and systematic benefit assessment of permeable paving designs. It also provides guidance and reference to evaluate the performance of permeable pavements and their comprehensive range of benefits. The findings could reference choosing and refining designs, optimizing the benefits, and promoting a science-oriented development of permeable paving.
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Beresford-Jones, David G., Susana Arce T., Oliver Q. Whaley, and Alex J. Chepstow-Lusty. "The Role ofProsopisin Ecological and Landscape Change in the Samaca Basin, Lower Ica Valley, South Coast Peru from the Early Horizon to the Late Intermediate Period." Latin American Antiquity 20, no. 2 (June 2009): 303–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500002650.
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AbstractThe lower Ica Valley on the hyperarid south coast of Peru is today largely depopulated and bereft of cultivation, yet its extensive archaeological remains attest to substantial prehispanic populations. This paper describes archaeological investigations to retrace changes in geomorphology, ecology, and land-use in Samaca, one of the riparian oasis basins of the lower Río lea, with the aim of investigating when, how, and why such changes took place. Archaeological interpretations of culture change in the region often invoke the impacts of major ENSO perturbations (El Niño). While our investigations confirm that major El Niño events around the end of the Early Intermediate Period likely offer part of the explanation for marked landscape change in the Samaca Basin, we also demonstrate the significance of more gradual, human-induced destruction of Prosopis pallida (huarango) riparian dry-forest. Huarango is a remarkable leguminous hardwood that lives for over a millennium and provides forage, fuel, and food. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in integrating fragile desert ecosystems, enhancing soil fertility and moisture, and accomplishing desalination and microclimatic amelioration. We propose that south coast valleys remained densely forested well into the Early Intermediate Period, attenuating the impact of El Niño events and supporting hitherto underappreciated agroforestry adaptations. Gradual deforestation eventually crossed an environmental threshold: river and wind erosion increased dramatically and precipitated radical desertification, feeding back into cultural changes in the Middle Horizon. Thus we argue Prosopis-human ecological relationships merit proper recognition in our archaeological interpretations of the south coast of Peru.
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Yu, Dapao, Qingwei Wang, Xiaoyu Wang, Limin Dai, and Maihe Li. "Microsite Effects on Physiological Performance of Betula ermanii at and Beyond an Alpine Treeline Site on Changbai Mountain in Northeast China." Forests 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050400.
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The alpine treeline demarcates the temperature-limited upper elevational boundary of the tree life form. However, this treeline does not always occur exclusively as a sharp “line”, outposts of tree groups (OTG) with a height of at least 3 m are often observed in microsites up to several hundred meters beyond the line of continuous forest on some mountains. This suggests that other factors such as microenvironment may play a significant role in compensating for the alpine tree facing growth-limiting low temperature conditions. To test the microenvironment effects, this study compared the differences in growing conditions (climate and soil properties) and ecophysiological performance of Erman’s birch (Betula ermanii Cham.) trees growing in a continuous treeline site (CTL, ~1950 m above sea level, a.s.l.) and OTGs (~2050 m a.s.l.) on Changbai Mountain in northeastern China. The results show the average 2-m air temperature for OTG was slightly lower in the non-growing season than which at the CTL (−10.2 °C < −8.4 °C), there was no difference in growing season air temperature and soil temperature at 10 cm depth between CTL and OTG. The contents of focal soil nutrients in CTL and OTG were similar. Difference in K and Mn contents between sites were detected in leaves, difference in K, Mn, and Zn in shoots. However, comparing similarity of ecophysiological performances at an individual level, trees at CTL and OTG show no significant difference. Our study reveals that mature trees at the CTL and OTG experience generally similar environmental conditions (climate and soil properties) and exhibit similar overall ecophysiological performance (reflected in carbon reserves and nutrients). This might provide insight into how mature trees might be able to survive in areas higher than the continuous treeline, as well as the importance of microclimatic amelioration provided by protective microsites and the trees themselves.
10
Pérez, Francisco L. "Plant Organic Matter Really Matters: Pedological Effects of Kūpaoa (Dubautia menziesii) Shrubs in a Volcanic Alpine Area, Maui, Hawai’i." Soil Systems 3, no. 2 (April 19, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020031.
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This study examines litter accumulation and associated soil fertility islands under kūpaoa (Dubautia menziesii) shrubs, common at high elevations in Haleakalā National Park (Maui, Hawai’i). The main purposes were to: (i) Analyze chemical and physical properties of kūpaoa leaf-litter, (ii) determine soil changes caused by organic-matter accumulation under plants, and (iii) compare these with the known pedological effects of silversword (Argyroxiphium sandwicense) rosettes in the same area. Surface soil samples were gathered below shrubs, and compared with paired adjacent, bare sandy soils; two soil profiles were also contrasted. Litter patches under kūpaoa covered 0.57–3.61 m2 area and were 22–73 mm thick. A cohesive, 5–30-mm-thick soil crust with moderate aggregate stability developed underneath litter horizons; grain aggregation was presumably related to high organic-matter accumulation. Shear strength and compressibility measurements showed crusts opposed significantly greater resistance to physical removal and erosion than adjacent bare soils. As compared to contiguous bare ground areas, soils below shrubs had higher organic matter percentages, darker colors, faster infiltration rates, and greater water-retention capacity. Chemical soil properties were greatly altered by organic matter: Cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+), N, P, and cation-exchange capacity, were higher below plants. Further processes affecting soils under kūpaoa included microclimatic amelioration, and additional water input by fog-drip beneath its dense canopy. Substrate modifications were more pronounced below D. menziesii than A. sandwicense. Organic matter and available nutrient contents were higher under shrubs, where soils also showed greater infiltration and water-retention capacity. These trends resulted from contrasting litter properties between plant species, as kūpaoa leaves have higher nutrient content than silversword foliage. Different litter dynamics and reproduction strategies may also explain contrasting soil properties between the monocarpic rosettes and polycarpic kūpaoa. By inducing substantial substrate changes, Dubautia shrubs alter—or even create—different microhabitats and exert critical control on alpine soil development at Haleakalā.
11
Potashkina, Yustina, and Alexander Koshelev. "Impact of Field-Protective Forest Belts on the Microclimate of Agroforest Landscape in the Zone of Chestnut Soils of the Volgograd Region." Forests 13, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111892.
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Protective afforestation at the regional level is aimed at ensuring optimal agroecological conditions on agricultural land, including the regulation of microclimate on agricultural land. However, the issue of seasonal variability of microclimatic indicators in the zone of the forest shelterbelt and in different soil and climatic conditions is insufficiently studied. The research purpose is to determine the seasonal influence of aerodynamic parameters of the forest belt on the complex of microclimatic factors in the zone of chestnut soils of southern Russia. The research object is represented with agroforest landscapes of the Kachalinskoe experimental farm of the Ilovlinsky district of the Volgograd region. The study area is typical for this region in terms of soil cover and structure of protective forest plantations. The paper presents the results of a 30-year study of the microclimate in the openwork-structure forest belt. The ameliorative influence of the forest belt is determined by its height and construction. We have studied the microclimate indicators, such as wind speed, soil temperature and moisture, air temperature and humidity. We have carried out their instrumental measurements in the forest belt and in the adjacent territory at distances of 3H, 5H, 8H, 10H, 15H, 20H, 25H, 30H (H is the height of the stand in the forest belt) from the forest belt. The measurements were made once a season (summer, autumn, winter) in three-time intervals during the day. The research has shown that positive influence of forest belt on soil temperature in spring and autumn periods is traced up to 10–15H, in winter period there is no influence. The most distinct influence was noted in summer observations, so the average difference of temperatures in summer at 15H in the in the forest belt was 28%; in autumn, the same difference was 15%. The positive influence on soil moisture in the autumn period is most clearly traced, so the average difference in soil moisture indicators near the forest belt and agrolandscape is 18% and 2% in the summer period. The average temperature difference near the forest belt and 20H is only 4%, and 1% in the summer period. Effective reduction of wind speed occurs at 25–30H in the summer season, 15H in the autumn, and 15H in the winter periods. The difference in wind speed near the forest belt and average temperature in the agrolandscape is 52% in summer, 40% in fall, and 30% in winter. The results obtained are an attempt to assess the ameliorative impact of the forest belt on microclimatic indicators under conditions of regional climate change, and to make adjustments in the applied agricultural technologies for cultivation of crops in the inter-belt space.
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Chapman, Tamra F. "Relic bilby (Macrotis lagotis) refuge burrows: assessment of potential contribution to a rangeland restoration program." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 2 (2013): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13012.
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In harsh, resource-limited rangelands, plants and other structures, such as animal burrows, can ameliorate extreme microclimate conditions and increase resource availability for other species. The aim of this study was to determine whether relic bilby (Macrotis lagotis) refuge burrows had the potential to contribute to a rangeland restoration program by moderating microclimate and accumulating resources. During the day, the burrows maintained significantly higher relative humidity than control microsites. At night, temperature was significantly higher and humidity was significantly lower in the burrows than the control microsites. Both temperature and humidity were also significantly less variable in the burrows. There was some overlap between burrows and control microsites in soil chemistry, but burrows were significantly higher in soil moisture, pH(CaCl2), exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable potassium, mineral nitrogen, and total cation exchange capacity, and significantly lower in bio-available aluminium. Soils in burrows contained three times more mineral nitrogen, which has been previously shown to increase plant diversity and abundance in the presence of additional moisture. These results suggest the relic bilby burrows could potentially provide more suitable habitats for the establishment and productivity of other species by moderating microclimates, accumulating nutrients and soil moisture, and ameliorating the potentially detrimental effects of bio-available aluminium.
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Kariminia, Shahab, and Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad. "Dependence of Visitors’ Thermal Sensations on Built Environments at an Urban Square." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 10 (March 13, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i10.79.
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The built environment affects thermal conditions in an urban space, thereby affecting the visitors’ thermal comfort. The objective of the study is to determine the effects of landscape attributes on microclimatic conditions and public thermal perceptions at an urban square in temperate and dry region. Simultaneous measurement and questionnaire surveys were conducted in winter and summer in Isfahan, Iran. Thermal stress was found to be higher in summer than in winter. Evaporative cooling by water and providing more air velocities were two useful ameliorating strategies. The visitors were most sensitive to changes of air temperature (Ta) rather than other parameters.Keywords: Thermal comfort; built environment; urban square; microclimates eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Schweiger, Andreas H., Dennis O. Otieno, Salum R. Kulunge, Björn Reineking, and John Tenhunen. "The Afro-alpine dwarf shrubHelichrysum citrispinumfavours understorey plants through microclimate amelioration." Plant Ecology & Diversity 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2015): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2015.1014207.
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Brown, Robert D. "Ameliorating the effects of climate change: Modifying microclimates through design." Landscape and Urban Planning 100, no. 4 (April 2011): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.01.010.
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Spennemann, Dirk H. R. "The Role of Canary Island Date Palms in Physical Amenity Provisioning for Urban Landscape Settings." Horticulturae 7, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070201.
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Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) have been planted as a landscaping feature plant throughout warm, temperate, and subtropical climates. The physical amenity provisioning of this species (shade effects, microclimate amelioration, water usage, etc.) has so far not been systematically assessed. This paper reports on temperature and humidity measurements in both a suburban and a rural location in SE Australia. The study demonstrates the effects of the palm canopy as regulator of humidity and provider of shade and, thus, amenity values in urban landscape settings. Drawing on published energy savings and growth requirements of the plant, the paper argues that Canary Island date palms are landscaping plants suitable to ameliorate the microclimate in urban neighborhoods with varied socio-economic conditions.
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Marcolin, Enrico, Raffaella Marzano, Alessandro Vitali, Matteo Garbarino, and Emanuele Lingua. "Post-Fire Management Impact on Natural Forest Regeneration through Altered Microsite Conditions." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111014.
Abstract:
High severity stand-replacing wildfires can deeply affect forest ecosystems whose composition includes plant species lacking fire-related traits and specific adaptations. Land managers and policymakers need to be aware of the importance of properly managing these ecosystems, adopting post-disturbance interventions designed to reach management goals, and restoring the required ecosystem services. Recent research frequently found that post-fire salvage logging negatively affects natural regeneration dynamics, thereby altering successional pathways due to a detrimental interaction with the preceding disturbance. In this study, we compared the effects of salvage logging and other post-disturbance interventions (adopting different deadwood management strategies) to test their impact on microclimatic conditions, which potentially affect tree regeneration establishment and survival. After one of the largest and most severe wildfires in the Western Alps that affected stand-replacing behavior (100% tree mortality), a mountain forest dominated by Pinus sylvestris L., three post-fire interventions were adopted (SL-Salvage Logging, logging of all snags; CR-Cut and Release, cutting snags and releasing all deadwood on the ground; NI-No Intervention, all snags left standing). The differences among interventions concerning microclimatic conditions (albedo, surface roughness, solar radiation, soil moisture, soil temperature) were analyzed at different spatial scales (site, microsite). The management interventions influenced the presence and density of safe sites for regeneration. Salvage logging contributed to the harsh post-fire microsite environment by increasing soil temperature and reducing soil moisture. The presence of deadwood, instead, played a facilitative role in ameliorating microclimatic conditions for seedlings. The CR intervention had the highest soil moisture and the lowest soil temperature, which could be crucial for seedling survival in the first post-fire years. Due to its negative impact on microclimatic conditions affecting the availability of preferential microsites for regeneration recruitment, salvage logging should not be considered as the only intervention to be applied in post-fire environments. In the absence of threats or hazards requiring specific management actions (e.g., public safety, physical hazards for facilities), in the investigated ecosystems, no intervention, leaving all deadwood on site, could result in better microclimatic conditions for seedling establishment. A preferred strategy to speed-up natural processes and further increase safe sites for regeneration could be felling standing dead trees whilst releasing deadwood (at least partially) on the ground.
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Agena, Anjulo Tanga, Fromssa Erenso Tilahun, and Lemma Bekele. "Effects of three tree species on microclimate and soil amelioration in the central rift valley of Ethiopia." Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management 5, no. 5 (August 31, 2014): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jssem12.060.
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Fahad, Shah, Sangram Bhanudas Chavan, Akash Ravindra Chichaghare, Appanderanda Ramani Uthappa, Manish Kumar, Vijaysinha Kakade, Aliza Pradhan, et al. "Agroforestry Systems for Soil Health Improvement and Maintenance." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214877.
Abstract:
Agroforestry integrates woody perennials with arable crops, livestock, or fodder in the same piece of land, promoting the more efficient utilization of resources as compared to monocropping via the structural and functional diversification of components. This integration of trees provides various soil-related ecological services such as fertility enhancements and improvements in soil physical, biological, and chemical properties, along with food, wood, and fodder. By providing a particular habitat, refugia for epigenic organisms, microclimate heterogeneity, buffering action, soil moisture, and humidity, agroforestry can enhance biodiversity more than monocropping. Various studies confirmed the internal restoration potential of agroforestry. Agroforestry reduces runoff, intercepts rainfall, and binds soil particles together, helping in erosion control. This trade-off between various non-cash ecological services and crop production is not a serious constraint in the integration of trees on the farmland and also provides other important co-benefits for practitioners. Tree-based systems increase livelihoods, yields, and resilience in agriculture, thereby ensuring nutrition and food security. Agroforestry can be a cost-effective and climate-smart farming practice, which will help to cope with the climate-related extremities of dryland areas cultivated by smallholders through diversifying food, improving and protecting soil, and reducing wind erosion. This review highlighted the role of agroforestry in soil improvements, microclimate amelioration, and improvements in productivity through agroforestry, particularly in semi-arid and degraded areas under careful consideration of management practices.
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Wong, Paulina, Poh-Chin Lai, and Melissa Hart. "Microclimate Variations between Semienclosed and Open Sections of a Marathon Route." Advances in Meteorology 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/287934.
Abstract:
The Hong Kong Standard Chartered Marathon, held annually, is one of the most popular international marathon events. Its primarily urban environmental setting characterized by high-density urban areas, semienclosed tunnels, and suspension bridges, together with the herds of runners, has an influence on the microclimate along the marathon course. This study focused on assessing and comparing variations in temperature and vapour pressure (vis-à-vis relative humidity) against the crowd of runners, or the herd effects, in two different environmental settings along the marathon course: semienclosed (a tunnel) versus open space (a suspension bridge). A series of small iButtons were deployed at strategic locations along the course to undertake minute-by-minute measurements of temperature and relative humidity. It was found that herd effects of varying degrees were present in both semienclosed and open settings. Various environmental differences also played a role in ameliorating or amplifying the climatological effects of the herd of runners. Our study suggests that microclimate variations in different environmental settings and crowd conditions could have an impact on runners. This new knowledge can inform the design of marathon routes. It also establishes the feasibility of employing the iButton logging sensors for widespread deployment and monitoring of meteorological situations.
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Bang, Nguyen N., John B. Gaughan, Ben J. Hayes, Russell E. Lyons, Nguyen V. Chanh, Nguyen X. Trach, Duong N. Khang, and David M. McNeill. "Characteristics of Cowsheds in Vietnamese Smallholder Dairy Farms and Their Associations with Microclimate—A Preliminary Study." Animals 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020351.
Abstract:
In smallholder dairy farms (SDFs), farmers often build cowsheds using local materials and based on self-accumulated experience without due consideration to reducing the risk of heat stress. This study aimed to characterise the heat stress abatement strategies and microclimate within SDF cowsheds from four typical dairy regions of Vietnam (south lowland, south highland, north lowland and north highland) and identify the housing parameters most associated with the microclimate. The study was conducted on 32 SDFs (eight SDFs per region) in autumn 2017. Twelve housing management variables, illustrating cowshed design and heat stress abatement methods of each SDF, were collected. Six microclimate parameters, collected within the cowshed, were temperature (AT), humidity, air speed (AS), heat load index (HLI), Temperature-humidity index (THI) and accumulated heat load units (AHLU) during a day (06:00 h to 18:00 h). Factor analysis and cluster analysis was applied to group cowsheds of SDFs into clusters where SDFs in the cluster had the same cowshed characteristics. Multivariable linear models were applied to define the parameters most likely to inform future research into heat stress mitigation on SDF. Averaged from 08:00 h to 18:00 h, microclimate inside the cowsheds was considered hot (HLI > 79) in the highland and very hot (HLI > 86) in the lowland regions. Cows in the lowland regions accumulated high heat load (AHLU > 50) by 18:00 h. Cowsheds of SDFs varied widely and grouped into seven cowshed types, but no type was more effective than others in reducing heat stress conditions within cowsheds. Using roof soakers together with fans decreased AT and HLI by 1.3 °C and 3.2 units, respectively, at 14:00 h compared to 11:00 h. Each 100 m increase in altitude was associated with decreases of 0.4 °C in AT, 1.3 units in HLI and 0.8 units in THI (p < 0.001). Each meter increase in the eave height of the cowshed roof was associated with decreases of 0.87 °C in AT, 3.31 units in HLI and 1.42 units in THI, and an increase of 0.14 m/s in AS (p < 0.05). The cowshed parameters that should be prioritised for future research into the amelioration of heat stress in SDF cows include using the roof soakers together with fans, increasing altitude, eave roof height and floor area per cow.
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Akimbekov, Nuraly S., Ilya Digel, Kuanysh T. Tastambek, Dinara K. Sherelkhan, Dariya B. Jussupova, and Nazym P. Altynbay. "Low-Rank Coal as a Source of Humic Substances for Soil Amendment and Fertility Management." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121261.
Abstract:
Humic substances (HS), as important environmental components, are essential to soil health and agricultural sustainability. The usage of low-rank coal (LRC) for energy generation has declined considerably due to the growing popularity of renewable energy sources and gas. However, their potential as soil amendment aimed to maintain soil quality and productivity deserves more recognition. LRC, a highly heterogeneous material in nature, contains large quantities of HS and may effectively help to restore the physicochemical, biological, and ecological functionality of soil. Multiple emerging studies support the view that LRC and its derivatives can positively impact the soil microclimate, nutrient status, and organic matter turnover. Moreover, the phytotoxic effects of some pollutants can be reduced by subsequent LRC application. Broad geographical availability, relatively low cost, and good technical applicability of LRC offer the advantage of easy fulfilling soil amendment and conditioner requirements worldwide. This review analyzes and emphasizes the potential of LRC and its numerous forms/combinations for soil amelioration and crop production. A great benefit would be a systematic investment strategy implicating safe utilization and long-term application of LRC for sustainable agricultural production.
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Nastou, Marina Panagiota P., and Stelios C. Zerefos. "The sustainable design of atrium at the times of adaptation to the impacts of climate change; the case of Mediterranean cities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1123, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1123/1/012036.
Abstract:
Abstract This research aims to accentuate the sustainability of the atrium, as an architectural suggestion and a tool with environmental value. As it has a recognizable structure with form and well-known function applied in the history of architecture, it is also related to beneficial results in the heating and cooling of the building of which it is part. It should be accentuated that, especially in Mediterranean climates, the atrium is encountered with particular types and connections to the wholeness of the structure. In the urban web there are buildings with courtyard, backyard, interior atrium, garden, or semi-outdoor spaces. The pre-mentioned instances contribute with vital importance to the heating and cooling of the building, as well as to the ventilation and the reception of natural light. Thus, the atrium presents a substantial solution to the amelioration of the microclimate of a building and even of a neighbourhood, via the exploitation of the characteristics of the construction (materials, openings, height, function) in combination with the exterior conditions. The traditional form of courtyards could lead to adaptation and mitigation measures, regarding the impacts of climate change. Moreover, the case of Athens, as an instance of a Mediterranean city, presents an interesting result of rules and regulations for the organization of the population’s growth, which created blocks with courts in their centre, structuring the analysis of built-and-empty spaces. The microclimate and the conditions of improving the land uses of the buildings with such courtyards is of great importance, especially in city-centres with the phenomenon of urban-heat-island, like Athens. Therefore, the atrium and its tradition seem to be a vital solution of sustainability for the adaptation to the climate change and the maintenance of life quality.
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Jansen, Kirstin, Goddert von Oheimb, Helge Bruelheide, Werner Härdtle, and Andreas Fichtner. "Tree species richness modulates water supply in the local tree neighbourhood: evidence from woodδ13C signatures in a large-scale forest experiment." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1946 (March 3, 2021): 20203100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3100.
Abstract:
Biodiversity is considered to mitigate the adverse effects of changing precipitation patterns. However, our understanding of how tree diversity at the local neighbourhood scale modulates the water use and leaf physiology of individual trees remains unclear. We made use of a large-scale tree diversity experiment in subtropical China to study eight tree species along an experimentally manipulated gradient of local neighbourhood tree species richness. Twig wood carbon isotope composition (δ13Cwood) was used as an indicator for immediate leaf-level responses to water availability in relation to local neighbourhood conditions and a target tree's functional traits. Across species, a target tree'sδ13Cwoodsignatures decreased progressively with increasing neighbourhood species richness, with effects being strongest at high neighbourhood shading intensity. Moreover, theδ13Cwood-shading relationship shifted from positive (thin-leaved species) or neutral (thick-leaved species) in conspecific to negative in heterospecific neighbourhoods, most likely owing to a lower interspecific competition for water and microclimate amelioration. This suggests that promoting tree species richness at the local neighbourhood scale may improve a tree's local water supply with potential effects for an optimized water-use efficiency of tree communities during drought. This assumption, however, requires validation by further studies that focus on mechanisms that regulate the water availability in mixtures.
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Svoen, Mildrid Elvik, Eike Müller, Anne Krag Brysting, Ingvil Henden Kålås, and Pernille Bronken Eidesen. "Female advantage? Investigating female frequency and establishment performance in high-Arctic Silene acaulis." Botany 97, no. 4 (April 2019): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0150.
Abstract:
Many Arctic plants overcome limited time budgets and energy budgets by selfing, increasing the risk of inbreeding. Gynodioecious breeding systems allows for selfing by hermaphrodites, whereas enforced outcrossing through females lowers risk of inbreeding. Females persist due to female advantage in the system. Using the gynodioecious species Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq., we compared establishment performance and female frequency in 17 populations in open, sparsely vegetated habitats versus closed, denser vegetated habitats, across a regional climate gradient in high-Arctic Svalbard. For two populations, genetics were performed using microsatellites to compare inbreeding levels between habitats. As S. acaulis is a pioneer species, we expected denser vegetation to represent more competitive environments, reducing establishment performance and increasing female frequency due to female advantage. We expected similar responses to harsher regional climate. Establishment performance was reduced in closed habitats and harsher climate, but female frequency was slightly lower in closed habitats and did not differ between regional climates. High inbreeding levels may indicate that female advantage is counteracted by pollen limitation. However, female frequency increased with latitude. Lower sun angle at higher latitudes reduce the heat-trap effect of the cushion growth form, and female advantage might be expressed as response to reduced microclimate amelioration.
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Laxmi, Rawat. "Role of sacred groves in ameliorating microclimate: A case study of Nagdev temple forest of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand Himalaya, India." International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2012.114.
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Bezborodov, Yuri, Kudaybergen Beysenbin, Nyetbay Khozhanov, and Zhibek Auganbaeva. "Techniques for managing the reclamation regime of agricultural landscapes in southern Kazakhstan." E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131604009.
Abstract:
The article considers the mechanisms of rational natural resources management aimed at technical and technological modernization of agricultural industry as well as at natural resources recovery. The interrelationship of factors participating in the formation of ground-level microclimate, the soil forming process and the hydrogeological regime has been studied. Research Methods. The radiation index (RH) has been proposed to be used for managing the soil and ameliorative conditions of lands. The classification of irrigated lands in the steppe zone has been proposed as well, it is based on the radiation index values. research finding and general conclusion. Thus, there are identified three agricultural zones and three farming systems respectively: neutral, optimal and risky. The main characteristics of the identified farming systems are given. The irrational use of energy resources has resulted in accelerated degradation of the natural environment and desertification of the territory, which in its turn affects the sustainability of steppe agriculture and leads to the deterioration of soil fertility and decrease in gross yields. The necessity to proceed to a new level of scientifically based assessment of bioenergy resources and to develop new farming models, principles and methods of farming system has been shown.
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Saroinsong, F. B., Y. Ismail, E. Gravitiani, and K. Sumantra. "Utilization of Home Gardens as a Community Empowerment-Based Edible Landscape to Combat Stunting." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012093.
Abstract:
Abstract Home gardens as a community empowerment-based edible landscape can be used as a strategy for sustainable and resilient urban development. The objective of this research is to identify (a) benefits and challenges of home gardens as community empowerment-based edible landscape, and (b) the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors in the utilization of home gardens in Tomohon, Denpasar and Solo. The researchers conduct literature reviews and observation for one month. The benefits of a home garden are a source of various food and traditional medicine, a place of worship, supporting conservation, ameliorating the microclimate, improve health, education, recreational and aesthetic functions, strengthen social status, increase income and ties. The challenges are to overcome constraints such as (a) lack of knowledge, skill, advisory services, (b) limited access to farming inputs, and so on; and to take advantage of opportunities such as easy access, easy control of composition, products quality and quantity, and so on. Some strategies are proposed. Socio-cultural, economic and environmental factors that influence the home garden are grouped as internal factors (i.e. size, owner’s economic condition, perception, knowledge, skill, hobby, preference and consumption pattern, allocated time and energy) and external factors (i.e. regulation, culture and agreement, and environmental conditions).
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Kamboj, ML, C. Kumar, and V. Mahla. "Development of a welfare assessment protocol and assessment of dairy cattle welfare in Haryana and Punjab states of Northern India." Animal Welfare 31, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.4.008.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to develop an on-farm dairy cattle welfare assessment protocol at different-sized farms in two major commercial dairy farming states in India. For developing the protocol, the basic 'Integrative Diagnostic System Welfare' (IDSW) framework was modified to include three welfare components (animal housing and other facilities; feeds and feeding practices; and animal health, performance and behaviour) and 20 welfare indicators (ten resource- and ten animal-based). Each indicator was weighed on a value scale with an aggregate welfare score of 100. The protocol was tested for feasibility, validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha and Guttman split-half coefficient. Using this protocol, welfare was assessed on 60 commercial farms in Punjab and 50 in Haryana, divided into three adult herd sizes: small (S < 20), medium (M = 21–50) and large (L > 50). Welfare scores in L (76.60 [± 1.70]) and M (68.40 [± 2.27]) sized herds in Punjab were higher than in S herds (60.80 [± 2.77]). In Haryana these were higher in L (68.1 [± 1.18]) than in S (60.50 [± 2.74]) and M (59.35 [± 2.17]) sized herds. The aggregate average welfare score was higher in Punjab (68.60 [± 1.49]) than in Haryana (62.65 [± 2.02]). Welfare at more than 75% of the farms in Punjab and more than 50% of those in Haryana was judged as 'acceptable.' Six welfare indicators in Punjab and eight in Haryana were most compromised. Four indicators (microclimate protection measures, availability of milking parlour, cow cleanliness and reproductive efficiency) were the most compromised indicators in both states. To improve dairy cattle welfare in these states we recommend an emphasis on improving housing and feeding conditions, especially at small and medium farms, along with heat stress amelioration measures and improving hygiene and reproductive efficiency at all farms.
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Honcharuk, I., H. Pantsyreva, and L. Bronnicova. "Formation of lawn grasses on the basis of soil conservation in the park zone of VNAU." Balanced nature using, no. 3 (June 28, 2023): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.3.2023.287824.
Abstract:
The conducted research is devoted to biodiversity, namely soil conservation. The very use of lawn grasses as an integral aesthetic decorative element of landscape design is at the same time an ecological and ameliorating factor of influence on the surrounding natural environment, which is quite widely used not only in Ukraine, but also abroad. It has been established that a feature of improving the condition of lawn cultural phytocenoses is the use of low-lying perennial grasses and their varieties, which are maximally adapted to the edapho-climatic conditions of the Podillia zone. Dense lawn coverings trap dust, increase air humidity, improve the microclimate of the environment due to the phytoncides released by them, thereby improving the air, preventing erosion and improving the agrophysical properties of the soil. Based on the records and observations made in the conditions of the park zone of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, the composition of lawn grass mixtures, quality condition and density of the lawn were established. The economic and ecobiological structure of lawns is displayed. The peculiarities of the formation of lawn cultural phytocenoses based on the analysis of the qualitative state of the existing grass stand are given. The percentage ratio of the quality composition of lawn grasses has been established. The agrotechnical measures for the care of lawn cultural phytocenoses at the research site are scientifically substantiated. A summarized balance of lawn areas by quality condition is given, which makes it possible to reasonably approach the planning of agrotechnical measures.
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Bezerra, Maria Izabelly Lima, Joel Silva dos Santos, and Ávilla Pessoa Aguiar. "Ilhas de Calor: Importância da Vegetação na Amenização Climática em João Pessoa\PB (Heat Islands: The Importance of Vegetation in Climate Softening in João Pessoa \PB)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 6, no. 5 (December 18, 2013): 1499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v6.5.p1499-1516.
Abstract:
O crescimento desordenado das cidades associado às diversas formas de uso e cobertura do solo tem comprometido cada vez mais os espaços verdes das áreas urbanas, gerando assim, uma série de impactos ambientais no campo térmico desses ambientes como o aumento de temperatura, redução da umidade relativa do ar, desconforto térmico e a formação das ilhas de calor urbana. Sendo assim, é diante deste contexto que este trabalho se insere, como o objetivo principal de verificar as variações da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e a formação de ilha de calor urbana entre duas áreas representativas de condições microclimáticas diferenciadas dentro do espaço intra-urbano da cidade de João Pessoa\PB: A Mata do Buraquinho e a estação meteorológica do INMET localizada às margens da BR 230. Para a realização da pesquisa foram utilizados dados meteorológicos de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar da Estação Meteorológica do INMET e do ponto localizado na Mata do Buraquinho. Os dados foram adquiridos através da série climatológica do INMET e do uso de termo-higrometro instalado na Mata do Buraquinho durante o período de monitoramento. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que a cobertura vegetal exerce papel imprescindível na amenização climática local, influenciando diretamente nas condições de conforto térmico local e na formação de ilha de calor urbana. A B S T R A C T The unplanned growth of cities associated with various forms of use and land cover has committed more and more green spaces in urban areas, thus generating a series of environmental impacts on thermal field environments such as temperature rise, reducing the relative humidity air, thermal discomfort and the formation of urban heat islands. Thus, it is within this context that this work fits as the main objective of verifying the variations of temperature and relative humidity and the formation of urban heat island between two areas representing different microclimatic conditions within the intra-city urban João Pessoa \ PB: the Buraquinho Forest INMET weather station located along the BR 230. For the research were used meteorological data of temperature and relative humidity Weather Station INMET and point located at the Buraquinho Forest. Data were acquired through the series of climatological INMET and the use of thermo-hygrometer installed in the Buraquinho Forest during the monitoring period. The survey results show that vegetation plays a key role in ameliorating local climate, directly influencing the local thermal comfort conditions and the formation of urban heat island. Keywords: Urban Climate, Field Thermal, Heat Island, Urban Heat Island.
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Gebru, Belay Manjur, Sonam Wangyel Wang, Sea Jin Kim, and Woo-Kyun Lee. "Socio-Ecological Niche and Factors Affecting Agroforestry Practice Adoption in Different Agroecologies of Southern Tigray, Ethiopia." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 3729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133729.
Abstract:
This study was carried out in the southern zone of Tigray to identify and characterize traditional common agroforestry practices and understand the existing knowledge of farm households on the management of trees under different agroforestry in different agroecologies. We conducted reconnaissance and diagnostic surveys by systematically and randomly selecting 147 farming households in the three agroecologies of the study area. A logit regression model was employed to determine how these factors influence farmers’ adoption decision. The findings indicate that a majority of the households (46.3%) were engaged in homestead agroforestry practices (AFP), followed by live fence (25.9%) and farmland or parkland (15%) agroforestry practices. The study identified Carica papaya, Malus domestic, Persea americana, Mangifera indica, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Balanites aegyptiaca as the most dominant fruit tree species found in the home garden agroforestry. In total, 68% of the households had some of these fruit trees around their home gardens. We also established the three most dominant agricultural production systems as: i) Agricultural production system, composed of fruit tree + cereal crops + Ziziphus spina-christi + Balanites aegyptiaca and/or acacia species; ii) agricultural production system, consisting of cash crops, like Coffee arabica and Catha edulies + fruit trees + Cordia africana + Balanites aegyptiaca and/or acacia species; and iii) agricultural production, composed of fruit trees + vegetables within a boundary of Sesbania sesban and other acacia species in the modern irrigated land. Furthermore, 90.16% of the households in the highlands reported a shortage of farmland for planting trees as the main constraint. About 34.44% farmers reported using leaves of Cordia africana, Balanites aegyptiaca, pods of acacia species, and crop residue as the main source of animal fodder. In total, 86.4% of the households also recognized the importance of multipurpose trees for soil fertility enhancement, control of runoff, microclimate amelioration, environmental protection, and dry season animal fodder. According to the logit model analysis, sex, family size, educational level, and landholding significantly (p < 0.05) influence the household’s role in the adoption of agroforestry practices. Based on these findings, farmers used different adaptation strategies, such as planting of multi-purpose trees (34.7%), conservation tillage to minimize both erosion and runoff potentials as soil conservation strategies (27.2%), varying planting dates, use of drought tolerant crop varieties (16.3%), and others based on farmers’ indigenous knowledge passed down from generation to generation. We conclude that agroforestry practices are important components of farming systems in Tigray, resulting in diversified products and ecological benefits that improve socio-ecological resilience. Therefore, we recommend that agroforestry practices are mainstreamed into development plans, especially in agriculture.
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Klymenko, Mykola, Oleksandr Tkachuk, and Snizhana Pankova. "ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING OF PROTECTIVE FOREST LANDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-1-14.
Abstract:
The positive agroecological impact of field-protective forest plantations on the state of agricultural land is noted, which is manifested in the cessation of the development of water and wind erosion, the accumulation of moisture in the soil, the creation of a favorable microclimate in crops, an increase in the general biodiversity, which leads to an increase in the yield of field cult by 20%, the productivity of pastures - up to 25%, dairy production - up to 12%. However, in recent years, the functional properties of field-protective afforestation have sharply decreased due to an unbalanced ratio of arable land, natural hayfields and pastures, forests with a significant predominance of arable land; strengthening of the negative impact on agricultural landscapes and their biological component, in particular climate change in the direction of aridity, aridization, technogenic load, and the like; deterioration of the silvicultural state of field-protective forest plantations of a linear type, a decrease in their areas, a decrease in protective and reclamation functions, a violation of their optimal age and species structure; the inconsistency of the structures of field-protective forest plantations with certain types of agricultural landscapes, reduces their ameliorative impact on agricultural land; the absence of completed systems of protective forest plantations of the linear type; application of simplified technologies in agriculture, weakening the ameliorative influence of protective forest plantations of a linear type on agricultural land; decrease in the volume of creation of agroforestry plantations over the past decades; lack of targeted systemic government measures for protective forest plantations of the linear type; insufficient total area of various categories of protective forest plantations of the linear type; reduction of the area of protective forest plantations of the linear type due to illegal economic activities; liquidation of agroforestry services; a significant decrease in the amount of funding for scientific research on agroforestry; lack of legal norms that provide for liability for inefficient land use. Analysis of the current degree of completeness and completeness of systems of field-protective forest plantations and the need for their optimization showed that field-protective forest cover in Ukraine is only 1.5% of the total land use area, in particular, in the Steppe zone - 2.2%, in the Forest-steppe - 1.0 and in Polesie - 0.4%. The area of forest shelter belts for various purposes, as well as forests, which, in turn, perform protective functions, is insufficient to stabilize the environment and create conditions for normal management. The total and field-protective forest cover of agricultural land in Ukraine is significantly lower than the established standards, which are about 3%. At this time, the situation with field-protective plantations is as follows: lands under field-protective forest belts no longer belong to the lands of the forest fund, but have become agricultural lands with the status of non-agricultural lands; lands under forest shelter belts are in communal ownership; lands for forest shelterbelts are transferred for permanent use and lease; permanent use of land for field protection plantations is transferred exclusively to specialized enterprises of communal and state forms of ownership; any natural or legal person can get a lease of field-protective forest belts, provided that the lease agreement includes the obligation to maintain and preserve such belts and ensure that they perform the functions of agroforestry reclamation; the rules for the maintenance of shelterbelts must be approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
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Sahu, Mr Adarsh Kumar, Ms Swapna Sarita Swain, and Mr Piyush Ranjan Rout. "Regeneration and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies in the City of Bhawanipatna." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 7514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53498.
Abstract:
Abstract: Water is one of the essential resources for human survival.it is also a precious national resource linked to every aspect of development. With less than 3% of the Earth's water being fresh, the need to conserve and manage it is crucial. Global warming, climate change causes inadequate rainfall which are the reason for the water stress condition of india.it effect the level of water in ponds and lakes and eventually dries them up. Water bodies like lakes and ponds are integral for drinking water, agriculture, and urban purposes. Assessing freshwater resources and implementing conservation measures are essential for sustainable development. Watershed development, rainwater harvesting, and water recycling are essential for sustainable water supply in the coming future. Regeneration and rejuvenation of water bodies are important for sustainable development of cities and town as they help in water conservation, ground water recharge, improve climatic conditions, supports bio-diversity, etc. In which community plays important role in the regeneration and rejuvenation process. Bhawanipatna is the city and the districts headquarter of the Kalahandi district in the Indian state of Odisha. These water bodies both big and small have an inseparable impact on the aestheticity and operational functionality of the city. They are a vital part of the temperature regulatory mechanism and help the city in various other ways. Bhawanipatna, having highest population growth in the Kalahandi District, faces an imminent and acute water scarcity due to the lack of development as compared to other cities. Asha Sagar Pond which is located at the epicenter of Bhawanipatna has a significant amount of land cover that impacts the lifestyle and influences the microclimate of the study area. Implementation of water management scheme with local community participation is essential for sustainable urban development of cities and towns. Restoration methods such as preventive and ameliorative method can help in overcoming water scarcity at a micro to city level. There is a growing concern in many quarters that the world is running out of water. According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report 2006, for over a billion people around the world, water access is unreliable, unsafe or beyond their purchasing power (UNDP, 2006). Urban areas in India are facing a water crisis due to loss of watershed, increasing levels of pollution, deteriorating water balance, lowering of water table and a dire lack of groundwater recharge (Singh, 2012). Regeneration and rejuvenation of water bodies are important for sustainable development of cities and town as they help in water conservation, ground water recharge, improve climatic conditions, supports bio-diversity
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Bakx, Michiel, and Sanda Lenzholzer. "Historical vegetation for microclimate amelioration: a case study for The Netherlands." Landscape Research, December 28, 2022, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2161496.
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Kumar, Amit, M. L. Kamboj, Subhash Chandra, Chandan Kumar, Dharmendra Singh, and Haneef A. Rather. "Physiological parameters of cattle and buffalo in different seasons under different housing modification systems – A review." Agricultural Reviews 38, no. 01 (February 24, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-1655.
Abstract:
Shelter management is the manipulation of microclimate of the animals to suit best to their welfare reducing climatic stress without affecting much to cost of construction. House should be designed to meet the requirements health and comfort to the animals, convenience and comfort of the operator, efficiency of labour and materials handling and compliance with applicable health regulation. Problems related with the cost of housing,ventilations, scare resources, hygiene, manifestationof disease,behavioural concerns etc. Amelioration of these problems could be achieved by management intervention with respect to various components of housing and installation of cooling system to reduce heat. The major physiological changes involved in this acclimation and acclimatization while animals do acclimatize by gradually adapting to such stressors within their natural environment. During extreme weather condition open sides of shed can be covered temporarily with gunny bags, plastic sheet, bamboo mats, straw panels etc. Area-wise housing strategies for different kinds of the animals can be indentified and evaluated of new housing design to suit for different local condition based on locality available resources in this context could be explored. Also some modification in loose house can be very useful for example, in summer the thatch roofing succeeded in ameliorating heat stress but in winters, modification of floor with sand or rubber mat improved productive performance of dairy animals. Mist foggers, mist fogger with heavy duty dairy fans and ceiling fans are used to reduce thermal load during ambient temperature when body thermoregulation mechanism are not able to maintain normal physiological parameters.
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Feng, Xianhui, Huan Wen, Mu He, and Yiqiang Xiao. "Microclimate effects and influential mechanisms of four urban tree species underneath the canopy in hot and humid areas." Frontiers in Environmental Science 11 (February 16, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1108002.
Abstract:
Purpose: Urban trees play a key role in ameliorating extreme urban climates in cities. At the micro-level, it is crucial to investigate the variations in microclimates affected by the canopies of different tree species. The significance of this research is to provide scientific evidence for the selection of tree species in urban planning that can improve the local microclimate. This study examines the factors of microclimate (air temperature, relative humidity, wind environment, and solar radiation) underneath the canopy of four different evergreen tree species in hot and humid areas. Furthermore, the correlation between the physiological characteristics of these tree species and microclimate was statistically analyzed using data on the physiological parameters of the trees and microclimate factors.Methods: In this study, four tree species were selected for field measurements: Ficus microcarpa L. f., Ficus virens Aiton, Bauhinia x blakeana Dunn, and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. We used the HOBE (H21-0024, onset) to measure three climatic parameters (Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Instantaneous Wind Speed), and the Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System to measure five plant physiological parameters: Stomatal Conductance (Gs), Leaf Temperature (Tleaf), Leaf Surface Relative Humidity (RHsfc), Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), and Leaf-level Vapor Pressure Deficit (Vpdl). The observations were conducted during winter (January 16 - January 22) and summer (August 7 - August 22). The investigation periods were 9:00–11:00, 12:00–14:00, and 16:00–18:00, and data were recorded at 15-min intervals. The observational data obtained were analyzed using statistical methods, including one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.Results: The results of this study indicated that the four tree species being measured had different effects on the microclimate at the sites in both the winter and summer seasons. During the 7-day observation in the summer, the cooling effect of the four tree species was significant. The relative humidity underneath the canopies was 3%–11% higher than that of weather stations. The instantaneous wind speed in the afternoon was relatively higher than at other times. The solar radiation intensity was dramatically reduced by 85%–95%. During the 7-day observation in the winter, the trees had a warming effect in the morning. The relative humidity underneath the canopies was 10%–20% higher than that of the weather stations. The areas underneath the canopies were windless in the afternoon. The solar radiation intensity was reduced by 78%–95%. Ficus microcarpa was found to be one of the most effective tree species for increasing the relative humidity and reducing solar radiation intensity in hot and humid areas. Additionally, the highest instantaneous wind speed was observed in the areas underneath the canopies of F. virens and C. camphora. Statistical tests revealed that the air temperature and the instantaneous wind were extremely significantly correlated with Tleaf and RHsfc.Conclusion: The four urban tree species studied had varying degrees of effect on air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and reducing solar radiation intensity in the areas underneath their canopies. Furthermore, these trees demonstrated varying abilities to improve microclimate conditions in different seasons. The four trees had a cooling effect in the summer. The instantaneous wind speed was calm in the afternoons during the winter in contrast to being relatively high speed in the afternoons during the summer. This characteristic is beneficial to warmth in winter and coolness in summer. In terms of the internal influence mechanisms, the results of the analysis indicated that microclimate factors were significantly correlated with the physiological parameters of the trees. Tleaf, RHsfc, and Vpdl were significant physiological parameters and had different contribution rates to microclimate factors.
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English, John, and Alexandra J. Wright. "The effect of urban temperature gradients on grassland microclimate amelioration in Los Angeles, USA." Applied Vegetation Science, January 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12556.
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CHAUDHARY, SANDHYA S., RANA RANJEET SINGH, V. K. SINGH, T. D. MANAT, V. B. KHARADI, and L. M. SORATHIYA. "Effect of heat ameliorative measures on microclimate, physiological, blood biochemical parameters and milk production in lactating Surti buffaloes." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 89, no. 1 (January 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v89i1.86392.
Abstract:
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of heat ameliorative measures (fans, foggers, green agro shadenet) on physiological, haematological, biochemical and milk production parameters in Surti buffaloes. Lactating Surti buffaloes (36) were equally divided into two groups and kept in two sheds. Group I animals were housed in a shed without any modification while Group II animals housed in a shed fitted with fans and foggers inside the shed and roof top white washed with microfine lime and open paddock was covered with green shade net and foggers were fitted. There were significant differences in the THI values of both inside and outside of the sheds at majority of periods during the hot-dry season. The floor and roof temperature of control shed at almost all-time intervals was significantly higher than the floor temperature of treatment shed. Significant difference in rectal temperature was observed at 14 and 28 days while respiration rate was significantly lower in animals of treatment shed. In treatment group, total erythrocyte count and haematocrit was significantly low at day 21 and mean platelet volume was significantly high at day 42. Significantly high levels of cholesterol, chloride and sodium at day 21 and glucose, protein, triglyceride, GSH, TAS and sodium at day 42 were observed in treatment group. Weekly milk yield (kg) during hot-dry season was significantly higher for treatment group than control group at 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks of the experiment. Evening milk yield of treatment group was significantly higher than the control and the cumulative milk yield (for 42 days) was also significantly higher for treatment group than control group (180.08 vs.150.80 kg). It can be concluded that microclimate modifications help in reducing heat stress and has beneficial effect on physiological responses, blood biochemical parameters and total milk production in lactating Surti buffaloes during hot dry season.
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Verma, K. K., M. Singh, U. S. Narwaria, H. C. Joshi, and B. H. M. Patel. "Heat ameliorative measures in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) heifers during summer: effect on microclimate, thermal comfort, and behavior." International Journal of Biometeorology, April 29, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-023-02479-3.
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Setiawan, Made Ary Suta, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Rai Asmiwyati, and Anak Agung Keswari Krisnandika. "Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal pada Lanskap Jalan Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra, Bali." Jurnal Arsitektur Lansekap, November 1, 2023, 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jal.2023.v09.i02.p07.
Abstract:
Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra Streetscape, Bali. Vegetation hold an important role in a streetscape, one of which is the amelioration of the microclimate which afffect the user comfort, especially human thermal comfort on the streetscape. Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra street has several different parts when viewed from the variation of the shade trees used. This study sought to determine the best fit composition of the shade trees to increase human thermal comfort in Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra street. Six sample of streetscape will be studied in three different composition of shade trees type. On these street, air temperature and humidity will be measured to calculate the level of human thermal comfort using Thermal Humidity Index (THI). The results showed that streetscapes with three rows of shade trees had a lower THI value compared to streetscapes with only one row of shade trees, and the streetscapes planted with spreading crowns shade trees had lower THI values than streetscapes planted with rounded crowns trees. Based on this, it is recommended to plant shade trees on the median and both sides of the road with trees that have dense leaf mass and can give a unique impression if planted in mass.
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KHUZHAKHMETOVA, ALIYA, DARIA SAPRONOVA, ALEXANDER BELYAEV, and SERGEY LAZAREV. "Study on selection of woody plants to create sustainable green spaces in sparsely forested rural areas." Research on Crops VOLUME 24, ISSUE 3 (SEP) (August 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-994.
Abstract:
For sustainable development of rural areas in low forested regions it is necessary to create additional areas of artificial plantations from the adapted gene pool of woody plants. The existing artificial plantations were created more than 70 years ago, so they do not effectively fulfill their ameliorative functions. The aim of the research is the selection of woody plants to form landscaping spaces of recreational type in sparsely forested regions. Bioecological studies of 18 tree species of the families Rosaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Cornaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Corylaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rhamnáceae in dendrological collections of the Federal Research Centre of Agroecology RAS were carried out from July to October 2021 under field conditions. Conventional methods for evaluating crown structure on microclimatic parameters and ornamental value were applied. Original data were obtained by non-invasive method (Dualex Scientific device), which showed species-specificity of quantitative indicators of photopigments, their lability as an indicator of resistance to high temperatures was given. Dynamics of pigment indices in leaves showed that interspecific variation of the index is higher than intraspecific variation. The adapted assortment of trees and shrubs for arid regions has been identified. It is established that trees (Quercus robur) and shrubs with dense crowns (Ligustrum vulgare, Syringa vulgaris, Rosa rugose, etc.) reduce air temperature more effectively (by 2.2-4.3°C) than woody species with openwork crowns (species of genera Gleditsia and Robinia). It is shown that changing the composition of phytodiversity will increase the quality class of plantations. Quercus robur, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rhus typhina, Cotinus coggygria, species of Gleditsia and Amelanchier are recommended for creation of artificial plantations in the research region.
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Raj, Abhishek. "Agroforestry as a Strategy for Sustainable Soil Management." Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000228.
Abstract:
Soil is the medium through which plant grows and which is derived from disintegration of parent rock materials under joint effect of plants, human and varying climatic regime. The burgeoning population causes serious pressure on land to fulfill the increasing food demand, animal feed, fibre as well as fuel, which leads to adopting practices such as intensive tillage, monoculture, excessive and improper use of inorganic fertilizer, use of agro-chemicals, deforestation, over-grazing, among others. These modern practices of agriculture are considered to be the major unsustainable practices leading to soil health degradation. Some of these practices lead to climate change, which in turn accelerates the rate of soil health degradations. Perennial woody plant based systems has a prime role towards improvement of soil health to sustain production systems. Thus, agroforestry systems is win-a-win strategy which posses various agroforestry systems that are practiced by farmers over the ages and these systems are devoid of intentional intensification of soil for the production of tree in combination with agricultural or forage crops in the same land. This system is distributed and practices most parts of the tropics in the world with varying different models which depends on bio-physical, socio-economic attribute along varying ecological services specific to a particular continent, region, country or community. Organic residues input and its decompositions, nitrogen fixations, nutrient cycling process, carbon sequestration, erosion control and microclimate amelioration etc improve the soil health under agroforestry systems. This paper gives a comprehensive insight on agroforestry importance, history, scope and potential along with its role towards soil health management in the tropics of the world.
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Das, Kalyan Sundar, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Ghansham Singh, Raman Malik, and Parminder Singh Oberoi. "Heat stress amelioration measures in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes: Effect on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk production and economics." Indian Journal of Animal Research, OF (January 18, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.8414.
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of heat stress amelioration on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk yield and economics in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes during hot-dry (HD; April to Mid June) and hot-humid (HH; Mid June to August) seasons under tropical climate. Forty two Nili-Ravi lactating buffaloes were uniformly divided into two groups of twenty one in each considering their lactation number, stage of lactation, body weight, dam’s milk yield and milk yield in current lactation. The control (T0) group buffaloes were kept in separate shed without any nutrient supplementation and modification in microclimate and management. The treatment (T1) group was supplemented with niacin, yeast, edible oil in feed and provided curtains and mist fans in the shed, and altered feeding time, frequency and type of ration. The overall mean body weights in control and treatment group buffaloes were noted to be 517.4 kg and 523.4 kg, respectively. Under HD and HH seasons, mean body weights at different fortnights in treatment group buffaloes were 515.6 kg and 531.1 kg, respectively. In control group, the respective values were 512 kg and 522.7 kg. Although the body weights were higher in treatment than control group, there were no statistically significant differences between two experimental groups. The overall mean daily total dry matter intake (TDMI), dry matter intake through concentrate (CDMI), dry matter intake through dry fodder (DFDMI) and dry matter intake through green fodder (GFDMI) were noted to be 13.04, 4.21, 1.02, 7.92, 14.13, 4.24, 1.17 and 8.65 kg in control and treatment group buffaloes, respectively. Under both seasons, treatment group buffaloes consumed more dry matter than control group throughout the experimental period. The values were also differed significantly (ranged from P<0.05 to P<0.0001) between two groups. The overall mean values of fortnightly total milk production were 103.2 kg in control group and 121.5 kg in treatment group. Throughout the period, treatment group buffaloes produced more milk than control. Milk production was also significantly (P<0.0001) differed between control and treatment groups under two seasons. The daily average additional input cost per buffalo was maximum 22/- and additional income per buffalo was minimum 35/-. Therefore, the net profit was around 13/- per buffalo per day. The input: output ratio was calculated to be 1:1.59. It can be concluded that the use of such types of housing, nutritional and management interventions in the form of one package not only helps to maintain body weight but also increases dry matter intake and favours economic milk production in lactating buffaloes through reducing heat stress during hot-dry and hot-humid seasons in tropical climate.