Journal articles on the topic 'Microclimate'
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1
Kim, Heechul, and Sungjo Hong. "Differences in the Influence of Microclimate on Pedestrian Volume According to Land-Use." Land 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010037.
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Identifying how the urban environment affects pedestrian volume is a traditional urban planning topic. Recently, because of climate change and air pollution, interest in the effects of urban microclimates has been increasing. However, it is unclear whether the effects of microclimate on pedestrian volume can vary depending on the urban environment. This study determines whether microclimate’s influence on pedestrian volume differs according to land-use in the urban environment in Seoul, Korea. We constructed eight models with microclimate factors (temperature, precipitation, and PM10) as independent variables, using pedestrian volume as the dependent variable. We classified the models according to season and land-use and conducted a negative binomial regression analysis. The results confirmed that the effect of microclimate on pedestrian volume varies by land-use. A summary of the results is as follows. First, residential areas had more microclimate factors that significantly affected pedestrian volume compared to commercial areas. Second, for microclimate variables that had significant influences in commercial areas, the size of their influence was greater in commercial than in residential areas. Third, the influence of microclimatic factors on pedestrian volume in mixed-use areas has intermediate characteristics between residential and commercial areas.
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Han, Mo, Bing Han, Siyi Liu, and Ziwen Sun. "Impact of Microclimate on People’s Experiences and Behaviours in the Cultural Consumption Space: A Case Study of Panjiayuan Antique Market in Beijing, China." Buildings 13, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051158.
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Antique and cultural consumption spaces make a great contribution to urban vitality where numerous people walk, stay, and trade. However, how these people’s experiences and behaviours are affected by the microclimate of such spaces has not been studied till now. To address this gap, and using the concept of Post-occupancy Evaluation (POE) as a basis, our study investigated microclimate factors, subjective experiences, and spatiotemporal behaviour patterns in Panjiayuan Antique Market in Beijing, China. Using a mixed-methods approach comprising subjective questionnaires (n = 101), face-to-face interviews (n = 81), spatiotemporal behaviour mapping (n = 8455), and on-site observations, our results showed that microclimates impact people’s experiences and behaviours, with visibility and noise being the two primary impact factors. Most female visitors are more sensitive to the microclimate than male visitors. Furthermore, vendors in the Antique Market preferred to amend their nearby environments to increase the microclimate quality to offer a better experience to visitors around them. This study developed a comprehensive methodology that expands POE in relation to microclimatic factors in the context of cultural consumption spaces. These findings suggest that microclimates have different impacts on people’s experiences and behaviours in different spaces, which should be considered when designing and renewing urban antique markets in the future.
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Fonseca, André, José Cruz, Helder Fraga, Cristina Andrade, Joana Valente, Fernando Alves, Ana Carina Neto, Rui Flores, and João A. Santos. "Vineyard Microclimatic Zoning as a Tool to Promote Sustainable Viticulture under Climate Change." Sustainability 16, no. 8 (April 22, 2024): 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083477.
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Understanding microclimate spatial variability is crucial for sustainable and optimised grape production within vineyard plots. By employing a combination of a microclimate model (NicheMapR) and multiple climate data sources, this study aimed to achieve microclimatic analysis in two vineyard plots, Quinta do Bomfim (northern Portugal) and Herdade do Esporão (southern Portugal). This approach provides an innovative 10 m spatial resolution for climate variables. This study incorporated local station hourly data with quantile mapping bias correction on the ERA5-land data. The microclimate model output was employed to perform bias correction on a EURO-CORDEX model ensemble. Climate extreme and bioclimatic indices specifically targeted to viticulture were calculated for each vineyard plot. The 10 m scale was analysed to identify potential shifts in temperature extremes, precipitation patterns, and other crucial climatic variables for grape cultivation within each specific plot. The significance of microclimate analyses was higher in areas with intricate topography, while in areas with smooth slopes, the variation of climatic variables was determined to be negligible. There was a projected increase in the median temperature of approximately 3.5 °C and 3.6 °C and a decrease in precipitation of approximately 98 mm and 105 mm in Quinta do Bomfim and Herdade do Esporão, respectively, when comparing a future scenario for the period 2071–2100 against the historical period (1981–2010). Hence, this study offers a comprehensive and future-oriented method for analysing microclimates in vineyard plots. By incorporating geospatial data, ERA5-land data, and the microclimate NicheMapR model, this research aimed to enhance the understanding of current microclimates and future climate scenarios for viticulturists.
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Han, Mo, Yani Fang, Li Yi, and Siyi Liu. "Impact of Microclimate on Perception and Physical Activities in Public Spaces of New Urban Areas in Beijing, China." Buildings 14, no. 4 (April 14, 2024): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041095.
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The development of new urban areas in Beijing has alleviated overcrowding in old urban centers and has ample public spaces for recreational activities. However, these public spaces are not ideally designed and have not been as successful as expected. Few studies have investigated the ineffective use of these public spaces in terms of microclimatic and thermal comfort factors. Our study investigated microclimatic factors, the subjective assessment of thermal comfort, the intensity of human activities, and the spatial features of public spaces in conjunction with surrounding buildings in a mixed commercial and residential complex in the Fangshan District, Beijing. We used a mixed-methods approach comprising microclimate measurements, questionnaires (n = 150), spatiotemporal behavior mapping, and field measurements. Our results showed that the human perception of the microclimate is related to the exposure duration and other microclimatic factors. The perception of people who spend longer periods outdoors is often inconsistent with objectively measured thermal comfort values. Activity intensity (low, medium, and high) was also related to the duration of time spent outdoors. Microclimatic factors affect the number of people at different activity intensities and the trajectory of the activities. Different spatial features cause different microclimate formations and can directly influence the human subjective assessment of thermal comfort. This study uniquely links the microclimate to human perceptions, physical activities, and spatial features in service of redesigning public spaces. We developed a comprehensive methodology that expands the post-occupancy evaluation and proposes new urban public space designs that consider microclimates. This study also provides a new perspective for promoting physical activity by enhancing the thermal comfort of the environment to achieve physical and mental health goals.
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Toren, B. I., and T. Sharmin. "Comparison of building energy performance in three urban sites using field measurements and modelling in Kayseri, Turkiye." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 3 (November 1, 2023): 032007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/3/032007.
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Abstract Despite the fact that the interrelationships between urban microclimates and energy demand have been recognised, there are not many processes that combine microclimatic boundary conditions to estimate energy consumption in parametric morphological investigations. Therefore, this paper will demonstrate a simple step-by-step methodology to incorporate the effect of urban microclimate on building cooling energy demand in semi-arid climatic areas. In this study, the combination of ENVI-met, Urban Weather Generator (UWG) and Rhino grasshopper are used to investigate the connection between microclimate and energy in the climatic environment of Kayseri. This coupling’s potential is investigated across compact high-rise, midrise and low-rise buildings, focusing on the cooling requirement on the hottest days. The comparative study shows how and to what extent urban geometry, building height in this case, contributes to modifying the magnitude of microclimate impact on building cooling performance.
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Gómez-Vadillo, Mónica, Mario Mingarro, Guim Ursul, and Robert J. Wilson. "Assessing Climate Change Exposure for the Adaptation of Conservation Management: The Importance of Scale in Mountain Landscapes." Land 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112052.
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Vulnerability of mountain ecosystems to climate change depends on the capacity of topographic variation to provide heterogeneous microclimates and rates of climatic change. Accurate methods are therefore needed to assess climate at spatial resolutions relevant to ecological responses and environmental management. Here, we evaluate a mechanistic microclimate model (30 m resolution; Microclima) and mesoclimate data (1 km; CHELSA) against in situ temperatures, finding that both capture (whilst somewhat underestimating) variation well in observed ground-level maxima along a mountain ridge in 2011-13. We apply the models to estimate ecological exposure to recent temperature changes for four mountain areas of the Iberian Peninsula, based on analogous and non-analogous monthly maxima in 1980–1989 versus 2010–2019. The microclimate model revealed fine-resolution exposure to non-analogous conditions that were concealed in mesoclimate data, although whether exposure was greater at the micro- or mesoscale (and hence the types of organisms or management decisions affected) depended on the topographic context of each mountain range. Habitat type influenced microclimatic exposure, and hence may provide opportunities for conservation adaptation. These results suggest that mechanistic models are potentially useful tools to assess exposure to climate change at spatial resolutions that permit understanding and management of biodiversity responses in mountain ecosystems.
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Rykken, Jessica J., Samuel S. Chan, and Andrew R. Moldenke. "Headwater Riparian Microclimate Patterns under Alternative Forest Management Treatments." Forest Science 53, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/53.2.270.
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Abstract Management of headwater streams and their riparian zones has included the implementation of forested riparian buffers, which are intended to protect ecological processes (such as microclimate) and biota, but the appropriate widths for these buffers have been widely debated. We measured the magnitude and extent of microclimatic gradients associated with headwater streams in mature unmanaged forests, and determined whether these patterns were maintained in clearcut harvested units with and without a 30 m-wide riparian buffer on each side of the stream. We measured air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity between 1 and 70 m from the stream in five replicate blocks of three treatments each in western Oregon. Results indicated the strongest stream effect on air temperature and relative humidity to be within 10 m of the stream in all management treatments at 3:00 pm, and gradients were evident to 20 m in the forested treatment. The clearcut was significantly hotter (air and soil) and drier than either the riparian buffer or the forest treatments at 3:00 pm. The riparian buffer and forest had similar microclimates at all distances from the stream, suggesting that the 30-m buffer adequately protected the riparian microclimatic gradient. We hypothesize that the strong stream effect on microclimate in the riparian zone serves a critical role in mitigating the influence of microclimatic “edge effects” associated with the forest-clearcut edge. Biota dependent on cool, humid microclimates provided by riparian zones will benefit from the implementation of riparian buffers in harvest units.
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Guan, Biing T., Shih-Hao Weng, Shing-Rong Kuo, Tsung-Yi Chang, Hsin-Wu Hsu, and Chieh-Wen Shen. "Analyzing the effects of stand thinning on microclimates with semiparametric smoothing splines." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-057.
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Monitoring the effects of stand thinning on microclimates is an integral part of any thinning experiment. It is through its modifications of microclimates that thinning alters important ecological processes. An efficient analysis of microclimate-monitoring data should address both the effects of thinning regimes on, and the temporal response trends of, microclimates. Probably because of the difficulties in modeling temporal trends parametrically, an examination of the existing literature on thinning showed that only a few studies have attempted to address the second aspect. We propose the use of semiparametric smoothing splines to analyze monitoring data from thinning experiments. First, the concept of a smoothing spline is briefly described. We then provide an example in which semiparametric mixed-effects smoothing-spline models were used to analyze microclimate-monitoring data from a thinning experiment. The proposed approach not only successfully detected the effects of thinning, but also revealed interesting temporal trends. For each of the microclimatic variables, we also compared the performance of the fitted semiparametric model with that of a parametric model. In general, the semiparametric model performed better than its parametric counterpart. We also addresse some concerns in using the proposed approach.
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Graham, Eric A., Mark Hansen, William J. Kaiser, Yeung Lam, Eric Yuen, and Philip W. Rundel. "Dynamic Microclimate Boundaries across a Sharp Tropical Rainforest–Clearing Edge." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091646.
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As landscapes become increasingly fragmented, research into impacts from disturbance and how edges affect vegetation and community structure has become more important. Descriptive studies on how microclimate changes across sharp transition zones have long existed in the literature and recently more attention has been focused on understanding the dynamic patterns of microclimate associated with forest edges. Increasing concern about forest fragmentation has led to new technologies for modeling forest microclimates. However, forest boundaries pose important challenges to not only microclimate modeling but also sampling regimes in order to capture the diurnal and seasonal dynamic aspects of microclimate along forest edges. We measured microclimatic variables across a sharp boundary from a clearing into primary lowland tropical rainforest at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Dynamic changes in diurnal microclimate were measured along three replicated transects, approximately 30 m in length with data collected every 1 m continuously at 30 min intervals for 24 h with a mobile sensor platform supported by a cable infrastructure. We found that a first-order polynomial fit using piece-wise regression provided the most consistent estimation of the forest edge, relative to the visual edge, although we found no “best” sensing parameter as all measurements varied. Edge location estimates based on daytime net shortwave radiation had less difference from the visual edge than other shortwave measurements, but estimates made throughout the day with downward-facing or net infrared radiation sensors were more consistent and closer to the visual edge than any other measurement. This research contributes to the relatively small number of studies that have directly measured diurnal temporal and spatial patterns of microclimate variation across forest edges and demonstrates the use of a flexible mobile platform that enables repeated, high-resolution measurements of gradients of microclimate.
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Brown, Nick. "The implications of climate and gap microclimate for seedling growth conditions in a Bornean lowland rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 2 (May 1993): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007136.
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ABSTRACTPresent theories of tropical rain forest regeneration dynamics suggest that different tree species specialize on the microclimates of different sizes of canopy gap. A detailed analysis of the microclimates of closed forest and 10 canopy gaps of different sizes was carried out in lowland dipterocarp rain forest, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. It reveals that gaps exhibit considerable spatial and temporal variation in microclimate. As a consequence the relationship between microclimate and gap sizes is not simple. Gaps of the same size do not necessarily have the same microclimate and may favour the growth of different seedling species. Chance location and timing of gap creation play an important role in regeneration dynamics.
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Grisafi, Francesca, Giulia Papa, Mario Barbato, Sergio Tombesi, and Ilaria Negri. "Influence of Microclimate Factors on Halyomorpha halys Dehydration." Insects 12, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100897.
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Understanding the interaction between insects and microclimate can be essential in order to plan informed and efficient treatments against agricultural pests. Microclimatic factors such as humidity and temperature can influence the population dynamics of the invasive agricultural pest Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug. The aim of this work was to evaluate the level of transpiration of H. halys in dry, normal and humid microclimates according to the sex, physiological conditions and developmental stage of individuals. Water loss during diapause and the effect of population density on insects’ transpiration were also assessed, as were the nutritional preferences of adults upon exiting diapause. Our data demonstrate that microclimatic conditions significantly influence the transpiration of this pest species. The effect of sex and feeding status on insects’ water loss is marked, while population density does not influence water loss in diapausing individuals. The first nutritional need of the overwintering generations is represented by hydration, likely due to the water loss during diapause.
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Gushchin, A. N., and M. N. Divakova. "Microclimate as the basis for creating a comfortable urban environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1061, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1061/1/012001.
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Abstract The article deals with the question of the extent to which the urban microclimate determines the state of comfort of the urban environment. To determine the comfort of the urban environment, the criterion of the Dutch urbanist Jan Gel is used. The article discusses the spatial and temporal scales of microclimatic phenomena and notes that the main characteristics of the microclimate are spatial and temporal variability. Specific examples demonstrate how microclimatic phenomena can affect the comfort of the urban environment. The article discusses the possibilities contained in regulatory documents for regulating the microclimate in urban conditions.
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Stewart, James E., Ilya M. D. Maclean, Alice J. Edney, Jon Bridle, and Robert J. Wilson. "Microclimate and resource quality determine resource use in a range-expanding herbivore." Biology Letters 17, no. 8 (August 2021): 20210175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0175.
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The consequences of climate change for biogeographic range dynamics depend on the spatial scales at which climate influences focal species directly and indirectly via biotic interactions. An overlooked question concerns the extent to which microclimates modify specialist biotic interactions, with emergent properties for communities and range dynamics. Here, we use an in-field experiment to assess egg-laying behaviour of a range-expanding herbivore across a range of natural microclimatic conditions. We show that variation in microclimate, resource condition and individual fecundity can generate differences in egg-laying rates of almost two orders of magnitude in an exemplar species, the brown argus butterfly ( Aricia agestis ). This within-site variation in fecundity dwarfs variation resulting from differences in average ambient temperatures among populations. Although higher temperatures did not reduce female selection for host plants in good condition, the thermal sensitivities of egg-laying behaviours have the potential to accelerate climate-driven range expansion by increasing egg-laying encounters with novel hosts in increasingly suitable microclimates. Understanding the sensitivity of specialist biotic interactions to microclimatic variation is, therefore, critical to predict the outcomes of climate change across species' geographical ranges, and the resilience of ecological communities.
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Wen, Yue, Yunqi Zhang, Shuchai Su, Shaoyan Yang, Lvyi Ma, Lingyun Zhang, and Xiangnan Wang. "Effects of Tree Shape on the Microclimate and Fruit Quality Parameters of Camellia oleifera Abel." Forests 10, no. 7 (July 5, 2019): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070563.
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Tree shape can affect microclimate, which may directly influence fruit growth and development. Open center and round head are two tree canopy shapes that are generally used in Camellia oleifera Abel. cultivation. To study the effects of the two canopy shapes on the microclimate and fruit quality parameters inside the canopy and investigate the correlations between microclimate and oil yield characteristics, microclimates in different developmental periods and fruit quality parameters at maturity at different positions in the two canopy shapes were determined. In this study, the open-center shape increased the light intensity and temperature, and reduced the relative humidity within the canopy, and the microclimate was more uniformly distributed within the open-center canopy. Fruit quality parameters of open-center canopied trees were also significantly increased and had more uniform distributions, especially the oil yield parameters. The content ratio of the dry seed, oil content ratio of the fresh fruit, and oil yield increased by 43.55%, 59.30% and 79.01%, in the lower layer, respectively, and 27.33%, 41.75%, and 55.43%, in the inner canopy, respectively, compared to those of round-head canopied trees. For both canopy shapes, oil yield parameters had positive correlations with light intensity and temperature, but negative correlations with relative humidity, and the correlation coefficients between light intensity and temperature at different developmental stages and oil yield parameters in round-head canopies were greater than in the open-center canopies. Additionally, regression equations between the single microclimatic factor in different developmental periods and oil yield parameters could be used to estimate the latter in the two canopy shapes. The optimum light conditions for open-center and round-head canopy shapes were 916–1893 and 1108–1259 μmol·m2·s−1, respectively. Overall, the open-center canopy had a more desirable microclimate and a more uniform microclimate distribution, especially the light intensity, which contributes to high uniform fruit quality parameters. Thus, an open-center canopy is the desirable shape in C. oleifera production.
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Li, Jiajing, Yang Mao, Jingyi Ouyang, and Shuanning Zheng. "A Review of Urban Microclimate Research Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 4741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084741.
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Urban microclimate has a direct impact on the quality of life of urban residents. Therefore, research on urban microclimates has received greater attention from contemporary scholars. At present, there is a lack of quantitative summary and review of the research in the field of urban microclimate, and it is urgent to sort out its research context and evolution. The Web of Science was used as the data source, and CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the urban microclimate research from 1980 to 2020. We discussed the annual trends, research countries, research institutions, key authors, highly cited publications, hot issues, and research fronts. The study found that: (1) the number of published articles on urban microclimate has experienced three stages: initial stage—slow growth period—rapid growth period; (2) European and American countries were the first to focus on urban microclimate research, while China started late but developed rapidly; (3) the research topics of urban microclimate are thermal comfort, improvement strategies, urban street canyons, and urban heat island effect; (4) the frontiers of urban microclimate include research on urban microclimate and building energy, ecosystem services, and urban parks.
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Tavares, Silvia G., Simon R. Swaffield, and Emma J. Stewart. "A case-based methodology for investigating urban comfort through interpretive research and microclimate analysis in post-earthquake Christchurch, New Zealand." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 4 (August 16, 2017): 731–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317725318.
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This paper explores how an interpretive case-based research strategy can reveal new empirical and theoretical insights into microclimate design. Innovative fieldwork in Christchurch, New Zealand investigated the nature and social meanings of urban comfort in a city with a seasonal climate featuring microclimatic variability, and with a physical landscape undergoing rapid change following a series of major earthquakes. Ethnographic methods were combined with microclimate measurements in four Christchurch-based case study locations to identify ways in which people adjust their cultural and lifestyle values and expectations to the actual microclimatic conditions. The field investigation had to capture data relevant to the microclimatic variability and be suitable for rapidly changing urban settings. Results suggest this integrative methodology successfully adapts to challenging physical contexts, and is able to provide a coherent body of evidence. Important insights revealed through this methodology may not have become apparent if only conventional microclimate methods were used.
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Xu, Dayu, Lei Ren, and Xuyao Zhang. "Predicting Multidimensional Environmental Factor Trends in Greenhouse Microclimates Using a Hybrid Ensemble Approach." Journal of Sensors 2023 (February 9, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6486940.
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Trend prediction of greenhouse microclimate is crucial, as greenhouse crops are vulnerable to potential losses resulting from dramatic changes in greenhouse microclimate. Consequently, a precise greenhouse microclimate predictive model is required that can predict trends in greenhouse microclimates several weeks in advance to avoid financial losses. In the present study, we proposed a hybrid ensemble approach to predict greenhouse microclimate based on an Informer model that is optimized using improved empirical mode decomposition (IEMD). The dataset was decomposed using IEMD, and then all the decomposed datasets were predicted using the Informer model. Afterward, the predictions were combined. In the present study, five different environmental factor datasets of CO2 concentration, atmospheric pressure, light intensity, temperature, and humidity were predicted. The performance of the IEMD-Informer model was compared with other modeling approaches. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has outstanding performance and can predict the greenhouse microclimate environmental factors more accurately.
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Butvilas, Tomas, Andrius Janiukštis, Remigijus Bubnys, and Rita Lūžienė. "The Role of Organisational Climate in Employee Well-Being and the Occurrence of Workplace Violence: Contextualisation of Theoretical Constructs." Social Welfare: Interdisciplinary Approach 13 (December 28, 2023): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/sw.2023.13.15.
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Research has shown the importance of microclimates for employee behaviour, organisational performance and individual employee well-being; also, the negative implications of workplace violence for organisational microclimate and employee well-being. This paper aims to shed light on the theoretical aspects of organisational microclimate, employee well-being and workplace violence, and to offer theoretical insights into the role of microclimate in employee well-being and the occurrence of workplace violence. To achieve this objective, an analysis and synthesis of recent scientific publications was chosen. The results revealed the theoretical links between the organisational microclimate and the emergence of workplace violence, as well as the negative implications of workplace violence for employee well-being and the further spread of violence in the organisation. This study will contribute to further empirical research on the role of organisational microclimate in employee well-being and the emergence of workplace violence.
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Yenri, Erva, Eni Suhesti, and Azwin Said. "Peranan Pohon dalam Membentuk Iklim Mikro." Jurnal Karya Ilmiah Multidisiplin (JURKIM) 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/jurkim.v3i1.12752.
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Climate affects the metabolism and behavior of living things, on the other hand, the state of the microclimate is affected by the presence of living things. Microclimate components include; air temperature, solar radiation intensity, air humidity, and wind speed. The purpose of this study was: to analyze the role of trees in shaping the microclimate in the Lancang Kuning University campus area. This research was conducted using a survey method and observation of microclimatic conditions through direct measurements in the field. The components of the microclimate that were observed and measured were temperature, sunlight intensity, humidity and wind speed. The results showed that all elements of the microclimate that were measured were better (lower air temperature, higher humidity, lower solar radiation intensity and lower wind speed) under the trees compared to the results of measurements in open places. It is recommended to maintain a good microclimate in the Unilak campus environment to maintain existing trees, and carry out enrichment planting in the Unilak campus area.
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Zaitsev, A. V., D. A. Borodavkin, I. V. Polyakov, and E. M. Vlasova. "NORMALIZATION OF THE TEMPERATURE REGIME UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE HEATING MICROCLIMATE OF MINES." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 4, no. 1 (2021): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2021-4-1-145-158.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of existing approaches to the regula-tion of microclimatic conditions in mines with a heating microclimate in accordance with the regulatory documents in the Russian Federation. The systems for the regulation of microcli-matic conditions in countries with the most developed mining industry are presented. The as-sessment of working conditions by the microclimate factor was carried out and further direc-tions of work to ensure safe working conditions in mines with a heating microclimate were proposed.
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Jiang, Yunfang, Xuemei Han, Tiemao Shi, and Danran Song. "Microclimatic Impact Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Indicators of Streetscape Fabric in the Medium Spatial Zone." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 16, 2019): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060952.
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Different historical backgrounds and planning ideas have created different urban streetscape fabrics. The patterns of the streetscape fabric have affected urban microclimate factors and formed a unique local microclimate. This paper simulated the microclimatic effects in four study areas with different streetscape fabrics in Shanghai to compare the microclimatic conditions with a system of multi-dimensional street morphological indices using ENVI-met 4.3 software. At the street network fabric level, the results showed that streets with a south–north orientation, a small junction spacing, and a street network with better connectivity were conducive to mitigation of the air temperature heating intensity in the street space and improving the ventilation effect; at the street-site level: The indices of Build-to-line ratio (BL), Height-width ratio (H/W), and Sky view factors (SVF) played different roles that affected the distribution characteristics of the microclimate factors. The BL value of the streets between 0.5 and 0.8 generally had a positive relationship with the air temperature. The SVF value of the streets was positively correlated with the microclimate index, while the H/W values were negatively correlated with them. The morphological indicators of different levels also had a synergistic effect on the microclimatic impact of the street space fabric. This comparative analysis of microclimatic characteristics at the medium spatial scale will provide useful suggestions for urban climate adaptability in urban spatial morphology optimization in future urbanization development.
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Sporn, S. Goda, Merijn M. Bos, Monika Hoffstätter-Müncheberg, Michael Kessler, and S. Robbert Gradstein. "Microclimate determines community composition but not richness of epiphytic understory bryophytes of rainforest and cacao agroforests in Indonesia." Functional Plant Biology 36, no. 2 (2009): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08197.
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Management intensification in cultivated, tropical forests drives changes in the microclimate that can threaten native forest flora and fauna. In this study, we use epiphytic bryophytes, known to be sensitive to microclimatic changes due to their lack of a protective cuticle and the exposed habitat, to investigate the predictive power of microclimate for changes in species richness and composition. Bryophytes were sampled from understory trees in natural forest and cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) trees in two types of cacao agroforests (natural shade trees and planted shade trees) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The microclimate in the agroforests was characterised by low air humidity and high air temperature during the afternoon. Bryophyte species richness did not differ between habitat types but species composition changed markedly from the natural forest to the cacao agroforests. Although no correlation between species richness and microclimate values could be found, a series of matrix-based analyses revealed a significantly positive relationship between similarities in species composition and in maximum values for temperature and minimum values for humidity, which suggests that microclimatic changes are a good predictor for high turnover of bryophyte community composition from natural forests to cacao agroforests.
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Silva, Priscila Weruska Stark da, and Denise Helena Silva Duarte. "Are green walls a suitable environmental compensation in densifying cities? Quantifying the urban microclimate effects at the pedestrian level in Sao Paulo." PosFAUUSP 29, no. 55 (October 20, 2022): e195441. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2762.posfauusp.2022.195441.
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In the city of Sao Paulo, green spaces are few and uneven. Between 2015-2018, to increase greenery, the municipality promoted green walls as an environmental compensation solution for the loss of urban trees. This study aimed to quantify the impact of these green façades on urban microclimate at the pedestrian level, considering the following variables: air temperature, air humidity, and mean radiant temperature. We reviewed local planning documents and the microclimatic performance of green wall technologies, establishing the effects of wall greening based on simulations — using the ENVI-met V4 Science model. Although the main difference was measured 15 cm far from the walls’ surface, the 60 cm away differences from the green wall were insignificant. The results indicate: (a) the impact of the green walls on outdoor microclimates at the pedestrian level is minimum, and (b) Sao Paulo’s policy for environmental compensation using green walls was poorly supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, green walls are a highly questionable alternative for environmental compensation from the perspective of urban microclimate. As much as promoting green walls for potential benefits is desirable, they are unsuitable to compensate the range of ecosystem services lost by the elimination of trees.
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Świdyńska, Natalia. "The Attractiveness for Investments of Urban Municipalities in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 16, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.368.
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This study has been carried out in order to identify determinants of potential investment attractiveness of urban municipalities. To this end, urban municipalities in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship in Poland were submitted to analysis. The data, as of 2015, were obtained from the Bank of Local Data maintained by the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS ). For each of the five microclimates which are expected to shape the level of potential investment attractiveness, a synthetic index that manifests a degree of the development of a given microclimate was calculated. The calculations relied on Hellwig’s development pattern method. A stepwise regression method was applied to identify the microclimates that most strongly influence potential investment attractiveness. The application of the above methods led to the construction of an equation which expresses the potential investment attractiveness of urban municipalities. The equation implicated that the level of potential investment attractiveness of an urban municipality depended significantly on the market of human resources, technical infrastructure, administration and market microclimates. The subsequent step was to determine the prospective development of the market microclimate. To achieve this purpose, a logistic function was applied. The results suggest that the level of development of market microclimate in most analyzed urban municipalities will be declining over the following six years.
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Strelets, Ksenia, Daria Zaborova, Ilya Serbin, Marina Petrochenko, and Evgeniia Zavodnova. "Analysis of Microclimatic Comfort Conditions in University Classrooms." Sustainability 16, no. 8 (April 18, 2024): 3388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083388.
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This paper considers microclimate to be one of the main contributors to thermal comfort in educational buildings. The influence of microclimate on well-being and productivity is considered. The role of microclimatic parameters is assessed from the perspective of building design, focusing on approaches to regulating these parameters. We also describe the formation of microclimate and the factors directly affecting it. The state of the microclimate of classrooms of an educational institution was analyzed, providing estimates of people’s real thermal sensations. The microclimate was assessed by the Fanger method. The PMV and PPD comfort indices were calculated for this purpose. The calculations were carried out thrice, i.e., based on the data obtained by using measuring equipment, based on the data from the survey and based on a SolidWorks model. Calculations in the program were carried out to validate the measured values and visualize the process of the distribution and localization of comfort indices. The results confirm that the indoor microclimate was generally favorable, and the PMV values obtained from the survey of people’s real sensations of thermal comfort were higher than the calculated PMV values. It was established that the PMV and PPD values corresponding to the largest deviations from the norm were as follows: −0.74/17% (PMV/PPD) for the calculation based on the real values of microclimatic parameters and 0.70/15.3% (PMV/PPD) for the calculation based on people’s thermal sensations. For applying the Fanger method for thermal comfort analysis in an educational institution in St. Petersburg, we upgraded the procedure, introducing a questionnaire survey. The mean PMV values calculated by the Fanger method were 0.16 lower than the PMV values obtained by the survey.
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Tatagiba, Sandro Dan, José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane, Jonas Souza Vinco, and Andé Alves Pinheiro. "CRESCIMENTO DE CLONES DE EUCALIPTO EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES MICROCLIMÁTICAS E LÂMINAS DE ÁGUA NO SUBSTRATO." IRRIGA 21, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v21n1p104-118.
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Crescimento de clones de eucalipto em diferentes CONDIÇÕES MICROCLIMÁTICAS E lÂMINAS DE ÁGUA NO SUBSTRATO sandro dan tatagiba1; JOSÉ EDUARDO MACEDO PEZZOPANE2; JONAS SOUZA VINCO3 E ANDRÉ ALVES PINHEIRO4 1Engenheiro Agrônomo, Pós-doutorando do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, CCA-UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro-ES, 29550-000, sandrodantatagiba@yahoo.com.br2Engenheiro Florestal, Professor Adjunto do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, CCA-UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro-ES, 29550-000, pezzopane2007@yahoo.com.br3Graduando em Engenharia Florestal, Bolsista de Iniciação Científica do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, CCA-UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro-ES, 29550-000,jonasvinco@gmail.com4Graduando em Engenharia Agronômica, Bolsista de Iniciação Científica do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, CCA-UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro-ES, 29550-000,aalvespinheiro7@gmail.com 1 Resumo A importância de se conhecer os efeitos dos fatores climáticos que afetam o estabelecimento de diferentes procedências de eucalipto e suas implicações está relacionada ao sucesso ou fracasso da produção florestal. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o crescimento inicial de quatro clones comerciais do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla submetidos a diferentes condições microclimáticas, impostas pela alteração na demanda evaporativa atmosférica em casas de vegetação climatizada, associada à disponibilidade hídrica no substrato, de modo a subsidiar a seleção precoce desses materiais genéticos para estabelecimento em áreas com diferentes condições ambientais. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 4x3x2, sendo o fator clone em quatro níveis (Clones 1, 2, 3, e 4), o fator microclima em três níveis (Microclima 1, 2 e 3) e o fator disponibilidade hídrica em dois níveis [50 e 100% de água disponível (AD) no substrato], num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o clone 4, apresentou maior crescimento no microclima 1 (baixa demanda evaporativa atmosférica). No microclima 2, em condições de intermediária demanda evaporativa atmosférica, os clones 2 e 3 apresentaram maior crescimento. No microclima 3, a alta demanda evaporativa da atmosférica atuou como um fator estressante sob baixa disponibilidade hídrica no substrato, não permitindo diferenciar o clone com maior crescimento. O aumento da disponibilidade hídrica em condições de alta demanda evaporativa atmosférica, proporcionou maior crescimento ao clone 3. Palavras-chave: clima, deficiência hídrica, Eucalyptus, produção florestal. TATAGIBA, S. D.; PEZZOPANE, J. E. M.; VINCO, J. S.; PINHEIRO, A. A.INITIAL GROWTH OF EUCALYPTUS HYBRID CLONES SUBJECT TO DIFFERENT MICROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND WATER LEVELS IN SOIL 2 Abstract The importance of understanding the effects of climatic factors affecting the establishment of different provenances of Eucalyptus and its implications is related to the success or failure of forest production. Thus, we sought to investigate, in this work, the initial growth of four commercial hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla under different microclimatic conditions, imposed by changes in atmospheric evaporative demand in air-conditioned houses vegetation associated with water availability in the substrate in order to support the early selection of these genetic materials to establish in areas with different environmental conditions. The experiment was a factorial 4 x 3 x 2, and the clone factor at four levels (Clones 1, 2, 3, and 4), microclimate factor in three levels (Microclimate 1, 2 and 3) and the availability factor water at two levels (50 and 100% of available water (AW) in the substrate) in a completely randomized design with four replications. According to the results, four clones had a greater increase in the microclimate 1, low evaporative demand of air, regardless of the water requirement imposed on the substrate. Microclimate 2, under conditions of intermediate atmospheric evaporative demand, clones 2 and 3 had higher growth. In the microclimate 3, the high atmospheric evaporative demand acted as a stressor under low water availability in the substrate (50% of AW), not allowing the differentiation of the genetic material with higher growth. However, the increase in water availability (100% AW) under conditions of high evaporative demand of air, provided greater growth to clone 3. Keywords: climate, water stress, Eucalyptus, forest production.
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Henderson, Scott, David Gholami, and Youbin Zheng. "Soil Moisture Sensor-based Systems are Suitable for Monitoring and Controlling Irrigation of Greenhouse Crops." HortScience 53, no. 4 (April 2018): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12676-17.
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Sensor-based feedback control irrigation systems have been increasingly explored for greenhouse applications. However, the relationships between microclimate variation, plant water usage, and growth are not well understood. A series of trials were conducted to investigate the microclimate variations in different greenhouses and whether a soil moisture sensor-based system can be used in monitoring and controlling irrigation in greenhouse crop productions. Ocimum basilicum ‘Genovese Gigante’ basil and Campanula portenschlagiana ‘Get Mee’ bellflowers were monitored using soil moisture sensors for an entire crop cycle at two commercial greenhouses. Significant variations in greenhouse microclimates were observed within the two commercial greenhouses and within an older research greenhouse. Evaporation rates were measured and used as an integrated indicator of greenhouse microclimate conditions. Evaporation rates varied within all three greenhouses and were almost double the lowest rates within one of the greenhouses, suggesting microclimates within a range of greenhouses. Although these microclimate variations caused large variations in the growing substrate water contents of containers within the greenhouses, the growth and quality of the plants were unaffected. For example, no significant correlations were observed between the growth of bellflower plants and the average volumetric water content (VWC), minimum VWC, or maximum VWC of the growing substrate. The change in VWC at each irrigation (ΔVWC), however, was positively correlated with the fresh weight, dry weight, and growth index (GI) of the bellflowers. For basil, no significant correlations were observed between plant growth and ΔVWC. This suggests that sensor-based feedback irrigation systems can be used for greenhouse crop production when considerations are given to factors such as the magnitude of microclimate variation, crop species and its sensitivity to water stress, and growing substrate.
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Wu, Xibin, Jiani Hou, Jun Hui, Zheng Tang, and Wei Wang. "Revealing Microclimate around Buildings with Long-Term Monitoring through the Neural Network Algorithms." Buildings 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040395.
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The profile of urban microclimates is important in many engineering fields, such as occupant’s thermal comfort and health, and other building engineering. To predict the profile of urban microclimate, this study applies the artificial neural network and long short-term memory network predictive models, and an urban microclimate dataset was obtained with a long-term monitoring from year 2017 to 2019 with 5-min resolution including temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation. Two predictive models were applied, and the first (Model 1) is to apply the predictive techniques to predict the urban microclimate in the real-time sequence, and then extract the characteristics of urban microclimate, while the second (Model 2) is to directly extract the characteristics of the microclimate, and then predict the characteristics of the microclimate. Backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) techniques were applied in both models. The results show Model 1 with as the time-series prediction can reach the best (99.92%) of correlation coefficient and 98% of the mean average percentage error (MAPE), for temperature, while 99.66% and 98.18% for relative humidity, respectively, while accuracies in Model 2 decreased to 79% and 88.6% of MAPE for temperature and relative humidity, respectively. The prediction of solar radiation using ANN and LSTM are 51.1% and 57.8% of the correlation coefficient, respectively.
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REDDY, D. V. S. CHAKRADHAR, GA DHEEBAKARAN, G. THIRIBHUVANAMALA, S. KOKILAVANI, and N. K. SATHYAMOORTHY. "Seasonal variation of paddy straw mushroom performance under different microclimate environments." Journal of Agrometeorology 24, no. 4 (December 2, 2022): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v24i4.1806.
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Maize is an important base crop in intensive irrigated cereal based cropping system because of its wider climatic acclimatization. In contrast, a certain microclimate is needed for commercial mushroom production. Favourable microclimatic condition that prevails in maize field created a greater opportunity to grow the warm loving Paddy Straw Mushroom “Volvariella volvacea” as intercrop. In this context, a comparative study was taken up at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University to determine the performance of paddy straw mushroom as intercrop under different microclimate created in irrigated maize and polyhouse during summer and kharif 2022. Study concluded that the microclimate variables during kharif season was more favourable for obtaining higher straw mushroom yield as maize intercrop, but the summer season was also an economically viable one. The study found that the most ideal limits of microclimate variables such as morning and afternoon temperature, morning and afternoon RH for paddy straw mushroom was 26 to 29oC, 29 to 33oC, 80 to 98 per cent and 66 to 88 per cent, respectively. The polyhouse showed its superiority in providing controlled favourable microclimate for paddy straw mushroom than the fluctuating microclimate under maize canopy, however the higher infrastructural investment in polyhouse farming is not affordable for the small and marginal farmers. The microclimate prevailed in between maize rows could support paddy straw mushroom intercropping as a viable system, which had Land Equivalent Ratio of more than 1.6 and double the time of Crop Equivalent Yield when compare to sole cropped maize.
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Fleming, R. L., T. A. Black, R. S. Adams, and R. J. Stathers. "Silvicultural treatments, microclimatic conditions and seedling response in Southern Interior clearcuts." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-042.
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Post-harvest levels of soil disturbance and vegetation regrowth strongly influence microclimate conditions, and this has important implications for seedling establishment. We examined the effects of blading (scalping), soil loosening (ripping) and vegetation control (herbicide), as well as no soil disturbance, on growing season microclimates and 3-yr seedling response on two grass-dominated clearcuts at different elevations in the Southern Interior of British Columbia. Warmer soil temperatures were obtained by removing surface organic horizons. Ripping produced somewhat higher soil temperatures than scalping at the drier, lower-elevation site, but slightly reduced soil temperatures at the wetter, higher-elevation site. Near-surface air temperatures were more extreme (higher daily maximums and lower daily minimums) over the control than over exposed mineral soil. Root zone soil moisture deficits largely reflected transpiration by competing vegetation; vegetation removal was effective in improving soil moisture availability at the lower elevation site, but unnecessary from this perspective at the higher elevation site. The exposed mineral surfaces self-mulched and conserved soil moisture after an initial period of high evaporation. Ripping and scalping resulted in somewhat lower near-surface available soil water storage capacities. Seedling establishment on both clearcuts was better following treatments which removed vegetation and surface organic horizons and thus enhanced microclimatic conditions, despite reducing nutrient supply. Such treatments may, however, compromise subsequent stand development through negative impacts on site nutrition. Temporal changes in the relative importance of different physical (microclimate) and chemical (soil nutrition) properties to soil processes and plant growth need to be considered when evaluating site productivity. Key words: Microclimate, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, clearcut, seedling establishment
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Villagrán, Edwin, Jorge Flores-Velazquez, Mohammad Akrami, and Carlos Bojacá. "Microclimatic Evaluation of Five Types of Colombian Greenhouses Using Geostatistical Techniques." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103925.
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In Colombia, the second-largest exporter of cut flowers worldwide and one of the South American countries with the largest area of crops under cover, passive or naturally ventilated greenhouses predominate. Locally, there are several types of greenhouses that differ in architecture, size, height, shape of roof and ventilation surfaces, of which many characteristics of the microclimate generated in their interior environment are unknown. This generates productive limitations that in some way may be limiting the yield, quality and health of the final products harvested; in addition, Colombian producers do not have the ability to monitor the microclimate of their farms, much less to correlate microclimate data with data on crop production and yield. Therefore, there is a need for the Colombian grower to know the most relevant microclimate characteristics generated in the main greenhouses used locally. The objective of this work was to carry out a microclimatic characterization of the five most used types of greenhouses in Colombia. The main results allowed determining that in these structures, there are conditions of high humidity and low vapor pressure for several hours of the day, which affects the physiological processes of growth and development of the plants. It was also identified that for each type of greenhouse, depending on the level of radiation, there is a significant microclimatic heterogeneity that may be the cause of the heterogeneity in plant growth, which is a common characteristic observed by the technical cultivation personnel. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is urgent to propose microclimatic optimization strategies to help ensure the sustainability of the most important production systems in the country.
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Kudrnáčová, Lucie, and Lukáš Balík. "The Church Microclimate Monitoring." Key Engineering Materials 776 (August 2018): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.776.177.
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The article is dealing with church microclimate monitoring and describing microclimatic changes within the period of one year. With regards to the assumed purpose of the measurement, i.e. protection of building structures and artworks in the church interior, the main attention was paid to water vapours condensation on the surface of structures and changes of humidity by mass. Analysed auxiliary parameters were temperature, relative humidity and dew point. Attention was also paid to the analysis of humidity distribution in relation to various height levels of the church. Simulation of probable behaviour of internal microclimate of the church during the year cycles was created by measurement, serving for description of risk factors reducing life of historical structures and also allowing for proposal of improvement of the current condition by an intervention in the environment.
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Gajiyev, R. "Study of Cold Air Treatment in a Poultry House in the Conditions of Azerbaijan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/70/17.
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Broiler farming at industrial poultry enterprises is carried out in conditions of intensive technology. One of the most important technological aspects is the creation and maintenance of regulatory parameters of the microclimate in the production room, that is, comfortable conditions for poultry at the level of livestock placement. Ensuring an optimal microclimate is achieved through a complex of supply and exhaust ventilation equipment and auxiliary systems. It is important to determine the level of influence of the microclimate in the formation of viability and productivity of broilers in the industrial cultivation technologies; features of the formation of microclimatic zonality in poultry houses, which indirectly determines the uniformity of the poultry herd, and to outline ways to improve the microclimate. The use of water evaporators in the field of cold air treatment has shown that structures with freely assembled material cannot simultaneously fully, evenly and efficiently copy the treated air. All this creates the need for mathematical modeling of the process of mass transfer of heat going in the channels of evaporation tubes provided for by the improved scheme.
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Cartika, I., Sardin, R. Kirana, A. Hasyim, I. Idris, G. M. Kartiwa, M. A. Minanda, C. Samuel, M. A. Rizqulloh, and W. S. Ayu. "The growth of the garlic of Lumbu Hijau variety in three different microclimatic conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1230, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012188.
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Abstract More than 90% of the need for garlic consumption in Indonesia is supplied from imports. One of the efforts to minimize the dependence on the import of garlic is through microclimate manipulation sub-tropical conditions in the growth chamber. This study aims to examine the growth of the early vegetative phase and bulb of garlic in three different microclimatic conditions. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design with four replications. The treatments consisted of three microclimatic conditions, i.e. (1) Smart Growth Chamber (SGC) in a tray with solar spectrum of LED irradiation conditions with a constant intensity of 10.000 lux; light/dark period of 14/10 hours controlled temperature of 22-25°C and humidity of 60–70%; (2) open field in trays, and uncontrolled microclimate (control 1); and (3) open field in mulched plots; and uncontrolled microclimate (control 2). The parameters observed were the plant height, growth rate, chlorophyll content, bulb size and qualitative character. Data analysis used was the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by LSD significant difference test using the PKBT-Stat 3.1 version. The results of the study showed the initial success in manipulating microclimatic conditions through planting in SGC. The plant height, growth rate, chlorophyll content and bulb size in SGC were higher than control 1 and control 2.
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Parker, William C. "The effect of ice damage and post-damage fertilization and competition control on understory microclimate of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79082-1.
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The influence of ice damage, fertilization, and herbicide treatments on understory microclimate was examined in several sugar maple stands during three growing seasons. Stands with greater initial crown damage and lower leaf area index had higher understory light levels, elevated air temperatures and lower humidity. Ice damage had comparatively less effect on the below-ground environment. Stands with higher damage and lower leaf area index exhibited higher soil temperature and lower soil moisture availability in certain years. The strength and significance of the relationships of canopy features with microclimatic variables diminished over time with canopy recovery and growth of understory vegetation. Fertilization treatment effects on stand microclimate were not apparent, but competition control reduced understory leaf area, increased soil temperature, and had minimal influence on soil moisture status. Key words: canopy, fertilization, ice storm, microclimate, natural disturbance, sugar maple, vegetation management
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Nasir, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Sabarinah Sh Ahmad, and Azni Zain Ahmed. "Perceived and Measured Adaptive Thermal Comfort at an Outdoor Shaded Recreational Area in Malaysia." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1083.
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Psychological adaptation towards environmental ergonomic is important to encourage better usage of outdoor space. Green space is a significant aspect as it is beneficial for the community. Outdoor spaces are supposedly an essential component of urban recreation space that provides opportunities for recreational activities. Human responses to the outdoor environment and actual thermal sensation experienced by individuals are important to determine the people’s level of understanding of the condition. This paper explores people’s perception about the microclimate condition in hot and humid climate. The responses of the respondents are correlated with the measurement of the microclimate condition. The microclimate conditions of the urban recreational area are measured to get the actual sensation of thermal experience of the people. The results confirmed the existence of adaptive thermal comfort amongst the respondents where they perceived better microclimatic conditions compared to what were measured.
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dos Santos, Vânia Raposo de Moura, and Gustavo Melo. "Influence of microclimatic elements on sound propagation in Amazonian cities: The case of urban noise in Belem." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5708–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3232.
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Many studies have shown that microclimatic elements influence the sound propagation in cities, and can contribute to increasing or decreasing the urban noise. This paper aims to discuss the relationship between main microclimatic elements - air temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure and winds - and the noise caused by road traffic in an Amazonian urban environment, in order to emphasize the importance of urban planning instruments be adapted to the specific microclimatic conditions, promoting the improvement of the urban environment from more efficient building strategies for controlling the sound pollution. For this, it's used as basis a theoretical framework on the topic, meteorological data from Brazil's National Institute of Meteorology and illustrative maps of the city of Belem. It was found that the temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure, for this microclimate, do not collaborate for reducing road traffic noise, leaving this responsibility to the winds (air ventilation) and the way they behave within the built urban mass. KEYS Urban noise - Urban Microclimate - Amazonian environment
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Maclean, Ilya M. D., Jonathan R. Mosedale, and Jonathan J. Bennie. "Microclima: An r package for modelling meso‐ and microclimate." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13093.
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Smith, Benjamin C., Brett C. Ramirez, and Steven J. Hoff. "Modeling and Assessing Heat Transfer of Piglet Microclimates." AgriEngineering 3, no. 4 (October 8, 2021): 768–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3040048.
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High piglet pre-weaning mortality rates can be attributed to poor creep area microclimate resulting in negative productivity, welfare, and economic consequences. A piglet mechanistic steady-state thermal balance model was developed using previous models and expanded to assess (a) thermal interactions of multiple pigs and (b) conduction heat transfer. The piglet Effective Environment Temperature (EET) equation was also modified to incorporate piglet age (day 0 to 30) and a conduction heat transfer term. Model parameters were validated with empirical data consisting of the thermal component (dry-bulb temperature, Tdb; mean radiant temperature, TMR; airspeed, U; mat underside temperature, Tm) of the microclimate and dimension data of the piglets (i.e., body weight, length, height, width, and calculated surface area). Model results demonstrate that the common microclimate supplemental heat sources (heat mats and heat lamps; HL) can meet the needs of the piglets. The new EET was more consistent for a novel semi-enclosed heated microclimate (SEHM) in comparison to the HL. This demonstrates the benefit of precision technologies over manually adjusted supplemental heat sources. The experimental data and model results suggest further development of an ideal thermal index for piglet microclimates needs to account for variations of piglet health and body condition to be more applicable in industry.
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Snoyman, Stephanie, and Culum Brown. "Microclimate preferences of the grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) in the Sydney region." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 6 (2010): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10062.
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The population size of the grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) has decreased dramatically as a result of a variety of threatening processes. This species spends a great proportion of time in roosting large social aggregations in urban areas, causing conflict between wildlife and humans. Little is known about why these bats choose to roost in some locations in preference to others. Roost selection by cave-dwelling bats can be greatly influenced by microclimatic variables; however, far less is known about microclimate selection in tree-roosting species despite the direct management implications. This study aimed to determine the microclimate characteristics of P. poliocephalus camps. Temperature and humidity data were collected via data-loggers located both in six camps and the bushland immediately adjacent to the camps in the greater Sydney region. We found significant differences between the microclimate within the camps and the surrounding bushland. In general, areas within the camps had a greater variance in temperature and humidity than the alternative locations. We hypothesise that camps may be specifically located in areas with high microclimate variance to accommodate a range of individual preferences that vary depending on demography.
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Biddulph, Jason, and Martin Kellman. "Fuels and fire at savanna-gallery forest boundaries in southeastern Venezuela." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 4 (July 1998): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000339.
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ABSTRACT. Factors contributing to the resistance of gallery forests in savannas to the entry of fire were investigated using field observations and manipulation experiments. Mass of savanna fuels did not decrease close to forest boundaries, and in some instances increased, while savanna fuels adjacent to forests were moister than in the savanna beyond for only 1 d after rainfall. A fuel drying experiment conducted in both forest and savanna microclimates indicated that both fuel type and microclimate contributed to the resistance of forests to fire entry, although the former played a larger role. While savanna fuels in a savanna microclimate became ignitable in c. 1 d after rain, forest fuels in a forest microclimate required 4 wk to achieve ignitability. A further experiment juxtaposing forest fuels to burning savanna indicated that fire entry into forests was faciliated by deep root mats and the presence of a superficial litter layer, both of which become attenuated at the forest/savanna contact. It is concluded that fuels in these forests can reach an ignitable state late in the dry season, but that frequent fire entry is probably precluded by the tendency of savanna fires to occur earlier in the dry season and by discontinuities in fuels at the savanna/forest contact.RESUMEN. Se investigaron los factores que contribuyen a la resistencia de la entrada del fuego a los bosques en galería de las savanas mediante observaciones de campo y experimentos de manipulación. La masa de los combustibles de la savana no decrecieron cerca de los bordes del bosque; por el contrario, en algunos casos se incrementaron, mientras que los combustibles de la savana cercanos al bosque eran mas húmedos que en la savana restante, solamente por un día despues de un evento de lluvia. Un experimento de secado de combustible, que fue conducido en los microclimas de bosque y de savana, indica que tanto el tipo de combustible como el microclima contribuyen a la resistencia de los bosques a la entrada del fuego, aunque el primer factor tuvo un papel de mayor importancia. Mientras que los combustibles de la savana en el microclima de la savana se volvieron ‘encendibles’ cerca de un día despues de lluvia, los combustibles del bosque dentro del microlima del bosque tomaron cuatro semanas para llegar a dicho estado. Un experimento que sobrepuso combustibles del bosque a la savana ardiente indicó que la entrada del fuego a los bosques se facilitó por la presencia de mantillos orgánicos profundos y de una capa superficial de hojarasca, presencia que se ve atenuada en la zona de contacto bosque/savana. Se concluye que los combustibles en estos bosques pueden alcanzar un estado de ignición tarde en la estación de sequía, pero que la entrada frecuente del fuego es probablemente evitada por la tendencia que tienen los fuegos de savana a presentarse temprano en la estación seca y por las discontinuidades de combustibles en la zona de contacto savana/bosque.
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Zellweger, Florian, Pieter De Frenne, Jonathan Lenoir, Pieter Vangansbeke, Kris Verheyen, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Lander Baeten, et al. "Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming." Science 368, no. 6492 (May 14, 2020): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6880.
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Climate warming is causing a shift in biological communities in favor of warm-affinity species (i.e., thermophilization). Species responses often lag behind climate warming, but the reasons for such lags remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed multidecadal understory microclimate dynamics in European forests and show that thermophilization and the climatic lag in forest plant communities are primarily controlled by microclimate. Increasing tree canopy cover reduces warming rates inside forests, but loss of canopy cover leads to increased local heat that exacerbates the disequilibrium between community responses and climate change. Reciprocal effects between plants and microclimates are key to understanding the response of forest biodiversity and functioning to climate and land-use changes.
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Giyasov, Botir Iminzhonovich, Boris Markovich Gurovich, and Ruslan Batyrovich Giyasov. "Urban environment as a factor in the formation of the area microclimate." E3S Web of Conferences 403 (2023): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340304008.
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The growth of the leading countries’economies leads to the rapid development of megacities and changes in urban areas. Currently, more and more modern high-rise civil buildings are being built, resulting in an increasing density of urban areas and the activity of transport infrastructure. This causes major changes in the structure of urban development, which leads to a change in aeration and microclimatic conditions in urban areas. Solar radiation plays an active role in shaping the microclimate of the urban space, which aggravates the heat and wind regime of the urban environment. This is especially acute in the southern cities with hot climatic conditions. The article analyzes modern urban areas and factors affecting their microclimate. The role of temperature inversions in the formation of microclimatic conditions is indicated. Using the example of the yard space in Dushanbe, measurements and field studies were carried out; graphs of the climatic indicators of the urban area were plotted. The role of solar radiation in the formation of convective flows and microclimatic conditions of urban space is discussed.
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Yang, GUO. "An Analysis and Study on the Adjustment of Indoor Micro-climatic Environment for Traditional Residential Houses in Jiangxi Province." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 04024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817504024.
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In recent years, with the accelerating pace of human transformation of nature, the depletion of natural resources, the deterioration of the climate and other issues are outstanding, so, green sustainable development has become a hot topic. At present, the domestic design of residential indoor microclimates relies on the adjustment of high energy consumption equipment to meet the needs of the environment, but ignores the appropriate design methods impacting on the living microenvironment, which may reduce energy consumption and achieving sustainable development and creating green buildings as well. This paper takes the Jiangxi area as the research scope, takes the microclimate of the indoor residential environment as the research object, and starts with presentation on the climate characteristics of the hot, rainy and humid Jiangnan climate in Jiangxi Province, combines the morphological characteristics of traditional residential houses and climate regulation behavior in local area for addressing the spatial microclimate, to study and summarize the residential interior design strategies suitable for the climate and environment in the same place, hopefully to provide the basis for improving the microclimate environment of indoor residences.
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Yang, Xiao Shan, Li Hua Zhao, Michael Bruse, and Qing Lin Meng. "Assessing the Effect of Microclimate on Building Energy Performance by Co-Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2860–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2860.
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To provide a more accurate prediction of building energy consumption, it is necessary to take into account the influence of the microclimate around a building establishing through the interaction with other buildings or the natural environment. This paper presents a method for the quantitative assessment of building performance under any given urban context by linking the urban microclimate model ENVI-met to the building energy simulation (BES) program EnergyPlus. The full microclimatic factors such as solar radiation, thermal radiation, outdoor air temperature, humidity, and wind speed have been considered in the proposed scheme. The method outlined in this paper could be useful for urban and building optimal design.
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HIDAYAT, IMAWAN WAHYU, and DIDIK WIDYATMOKO. "Microclimate-based mortality analysis of the Cibodas Botanic Gardens plant collection." Jurnal Natural 21, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v21i3.21323.
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Despite the routinely conducted treatment and maintenance of garden plant collection, the monthly mortality figures of the Cibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG) plant collections remain significant. It is presumed that the microclimate has a crucial influence on plant survivorship in the field. This study aimed to analyze the effect of microclimate conditions on the mortality rate of the CBG plant collection. The study was conducted by correlating the number of mortal plants with CBG monthly microclimatic conditions from 2017 to 2018. The analyzed microclimate parameters were temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind velocity, and solar radiation. The multiple regression modeling, t-test, and Pearson correlation test (r) were utilized to measure the level of significance of the correlation (α = 0.05). The findings were shown that the maximum wind velocity was the primary unit correlated to the number of mortality. The correlation was strong positive (r = 68.8%), and significant (p-value α). We suggested anticipating the disadvantages influences of strong wind supported by other extreme microclimate units, such as heavy rain. These events frequently caused high damage to the tree and other plant collections. These are expected to be taken into a consideration by the CBG operator and management in order to forecast and mitigate the risks of future plant collection losses.
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Marcu, Florin, Nicolaie Hodor, Liliana Indrie, Paula Dejeu, Marin Ilieș, Adina Albu, Mircea Sandor, et al. "Microbiological, Health and Comfort Aspects of Indoor Air Quality in a Romanian Historical Wooden Church." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 9908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189908.
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Monitoring the indoor microclimate in old buildings of cultural heritage and significance is a practice of great importance because of the importance of their identity for local communities and national consciousness. Most aged heritage buildings, especially those made of wood, develop an indoor microclimate conducive to the development of microorganisms. This study aims to analyze one wooden church dating back to the 1710s in Romania from the microclimatic perspective, i.e., temperature and relative humidity and the fungal load of the air and surfaces. One further aim was to determine if the internal microclimate of the monument is favorable for the health of parishioners and visitors, as well as for the integrity of the church itself. The research methodology involved monitoring of the microclimate for a period of nine weeks (November 2020–January 2021) and evaluating the fungal load in indoor air as well as on the surfaces. The results show a very high contamination of air and surfaces (>2000 CFU/m3). In terms of fungal contamination, Aspergillus spp. (two different species), Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp. (two different species) and Trichopyton spp. were the genera of fungi identified in the indoor wooden church air and Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp. (two different species) and Botrytis spp. on the surfaces (church walls and iconostasis). The results obtained reveal that the internal microclimate not only imposes a potential risk factor for the parishioners and visitors, but also for the preservation of the wooden church as a historical monument, which is facing a crisis of biodeterioration of its artwork.
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Sharapa, Oleksandr V., and Anatoly G. Berdnikov. "Model of process control system in greenhouse agro-industrial complex." 47, no. 47 (September 28, 2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2304-6201-2020-47-08.
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The model of an automated control system for microclimatic indicators and energy consumption of greenhouses has been developed. To design intelligent components and on their basis to synthesize adaptive computer systems for managing the microclimate and energy efficiency of greenhouses is an urgent problem. The purpose of the work is to analyze greenhouse management modes, to make comparative characteristic of the process automation systems, to develop an information scheme of greenhouse-environment interaction, as well as, a structural scheme of greenhouse microclimate control, to select modern technologies to implement automatic climate control systems and to analyze the capabilities of the developed control model of a technological process. The research methods are based on the basic principles of the theory of heat and mass transfer using modern elements of computerized control. The structure of the greenhouse microclimate control system with a variable composition of equipment that provides rapid adaptation to the management requirements of a particular greenhouse has been developed. It has been proposed to develop the components and the structure of a greenhouse microclimate control system with implementation of the comprehensive approach, which includes communication and information management systems and technologies, a modern element base, the Android software, decision support tools. This approach is based on the following principles: consistency, variability of the equipment composition, openness, modularity, and usage of a set of basic design solutions. The microcontroller is the central control device of the entire control system. An availability graph of the client-server communication for the greenhouse microclimate control system, which has two final states, has been developed.
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Cheuvront, Samuel N. "Microclimate Cooling." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-02152.
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Cheuvront, Samuel N. "Microclimate Cooling." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-02152.
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