Relevant bibliographies by topics / Microclimate

Academic literature on the topic 'Microclimate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Microclimate"

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Kim, Heechul, and Sungjo Hong. "Differences in the Influence of Microclimate on Pedestrian Volume According to Land-Use." Land 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010037.

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Identifying how the urban environment affects pedestrian volume is a traditional urban planning topic. Recently, because of climate change and air pollution, interest in the effects of urban microclimates has been increasing. However, it is unclear whether the effects of microclimate on pedestrian volume can vary depending on the urban environment. This study determines whether microclimate’s influence on pedestrian volume differs according to land-use in the urban environment in Seoul, Korea. We constructed eight models with microclimate factors (temperature, precipitation, and PM10) as independent variables, using pedestrian volume as the dependent variable. We classified the models according to season and land-use and conducted a negative binomial regression analysis. The results confirmed that the effect of microclimate on pedestrian volume varies by land-use. A summary of the results is as follows. First, residential areas had more microclimate factors that significantly affected pedestrian volume compared to commercial areas. Second, for microclimate variables that had significant influences in commercial areas, the size of their influence was greater in commercial than in residential areas. Third, the influence of microclimatic factors on pedestrian volume in mixed-use areas has intermediate characteristics between residential and commercial areas.
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Han, Mo, Bing Han, Siyi Liu, and Ziwen Sun. "Impact of Microclimate on People’s Experiences and Behaviours in the Cultural Consumption Space: A Case Study of Panjiayuan Antique Market in Beijing, China." Buildings 13, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051158.

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Antique and cultural consumption spaces make a great contribution to urban vitality where numerous people walk, stay, and trade. However, how these people’s experiences and behaviours are affected by the microclimate of such spaces has not been studied till now. To address this gap, and using the concept of Post-occupancy Evaluation (POE) as a basis, our study investigated microclimate factors, subjective experiences, and spatiotemporal behaviour patterns in Panjiayuan Antique Market in Beijing, China. Using a mixed-methods approach comprising subjective questionnaires (n = 101), face-to-face interviews (n = 81), spatiotemporal behaviour mapping (n = 8455), and on-site observations, our results showed that microclimates impact people’s experiences and behaviours, with visibility and noise being the two primary impact factors. Most female visitors are more sensitive to the microclimate than male visitors. Furthermore, vendors in the Antique Market preferred to amend their nearby environments to increase the microclimate quality to offer a better experience to visitors around them. This study developed a comprehensive methodology that expands POE in relation to microclimatic factors in the context of cultural consumption spaces. These findings suggest that microclimates have different impacts on people’s experiences and behaviours in different spaces, which should be considered when designing and renewing urban antique markets in the future.
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Fonseca, André, José Cruz, Helder Fraga, Cristina Andrade, Joana Valente, Fernando Alves, Ana Carina Neto, Rui Flores, and João A. Santos. "Vineyard Microclimatic Zoning as a Tool to Promote Sustainable Viticulture under Climate Change." Sustainability 16, no. 8 (April 22, 2024): 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083477.

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Understanding microclimate spatial variability is crucial for sustainable and optimised grape production within vineyard plots. By employing a combination of a microclimate model (NicheMapR) and multiple climate data sources, this study aimed to achieve microclimatic analysis in two vineyard plots, Quinta do Bomfim (northern Portugal) and Herdade do Esporão (southern Portugal). This approach provides an innovative 10 m spatial resolution for climate variables. This study incorporated local station hourly data with quantile mapping bias correction on the ERA5-land data. The microclimate model output was employed to perform bias correction on a EURO-CORDEX model ensemble. Climate extreme and bioclimatic indices specifically targeted to viticulture were calculated for each vineyard plot. The 10 m scale was analysed to identify potential shifts in temperature extremes, precipitation patterns, and other crucial climatic variables for grape cultivation within each specific plot. The significance of microclimate analyses was higher in areas with intricate topography, while in areas with smooth slopes, the variation of climatic variables was determined to be negligible. There was a projected increase in the median temperature of approximately 3.5 °C and 3.6 °C and a decrease in precipitation of approximately 98 mm and 105 mm in Quinta do Bomfim and Herdade do Esporão, respectively, when comparing a future scenario for the period 2071–2100 against the historical period (1981–2010). Hence, this study offers a comprehensive and future-oriented method for analysing microclimates in vineyard plots. By incorporating geospatial data, ERA5-land data, and the microclimate NicheMapR model, this research aimed to enhance the understanding of current microclimates and future climate scenarios for viticulturists.
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Han, Mo, Yani Fang, Li Yi, and Siyi Liu. "Impact of Microclimate on Perception and Physical Activities in Public Spaces of New Urban Areas in Beijing, China." Buildings 14, no. 4 (April 14, 2024): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041095.

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The development of new urban areas in Beijing has alleviated overcrowding in old urban centers and has ample public spaces for recreational activities. However, these public spaces are not ideally designed and have not been as successful as expected. Few studies have investigated the ineffective use of these public spaces in terms of microclimatic and thermal comfort factors. Our study investigated microclimatic factors, the subjective assessment of thermal comfort, the intensity of human activities, and the spatial features of public spaces in conjunction with surrounding buildings in a mixed commercial and residential complex in the Fangshan District, Beijing. We used a mixed-methods approach comprising microclimate measurements, questionnaires (n = 150), spatiotemporal behavior mapping, and field measurements. Our results showed that the human perception of the microclimate is related to the exposure duration and other microclimatic factors. The perception of people who spend longer periods outdoors is often inconsistent with objectively measured thermal comfort values. Activity intensity (low, medium, and high) was also related to the duration of time spent outdoors. Microclimatic factors affect the number of people at different activity intensities and the trajectory of the activities. Different spatial features cause different microclimate formations and can directly influence the human subjective assessment of thermal comfort. This study uniquely links the microclimate to human perceptions, physical activities, and spatial features in service of redesigning public spaces. We developed a comprehensive methodology that expands the post-occupancy evaluation and proposes new urban public space designs that consider microclimates. This study also provides a new perspective for promoting physical activity by enhancing the thermal comfort of the environment to achieve physical and mental health goals.
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Toren, B. I., and T. Sharmin. "Comparison of building energy performance in three urban sites using field measurements and modelling in Kayseri, Turkiye." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 3 (November 1, 2023): 032007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/3/032007.

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Abstract Despite the fact that the interrelationships between urban microclimates and energy demand have been recognised, there are not many processes that combine microclimatic boundary conditions to estimate energy consumption in parametric morphological investigations. Therefore, this paper will demonstrate a simple step-by-step methodology to incorporate the effect of urban microclimate on building cooling energy demand in semi-arid climatic areas. In this study, the combination of ENVI-met, Urban Weather Generator (UWG) and Rhino grasshopper are used to investigate the connection between microclimate and energy in the climatic environment of Kayseri. This coupling’s potential is investigated across compact high-rise, midrise and low-rise buildings, focusing on the cooling requirement on the hottest days. The comparative study shows how and to what extent urban geometry, building height in this case, contributes to modifying the magnitude of microclimate impact on building cooling performance.
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Gómez-Vadillo, Mónica, Mario Mingarro, Guim Ursul, and Robert J. Wilson. "Assessing Climate Change Exposure for the Adaptation of Conservation Management: The Importance of Scale in Mountain Landscapes." Land 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112052.

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Vulnerability of mountain ecosystems to climate change depends on the capacity of topographic variation to provide heterogeneous microclimates and rates of climatic change. Accurate methods are therefore needed to assess climate at spatial resolutions relevant to ecological responses and environmental management. Here, we evaluate a mechanistic microclimate model (30 m resolution; Microclima) and mesoclimate data (1 km; CHELSA) against in situ temperatures, finding that both capture (whilst somewhat underestimating) variation well in observed ground-level maxima along a mountain ridge in 2011-13. We apply the models to estimate ecological exposure to recent temperature changes for four mountain areas of the Iberian Peninsula, based on analogous and non-analogous monthly maxima in 1980–1989 versus 2010–2019. The microclimate model revealed fine-resolution exposure to non-analogous conditions that were concealed in mesoclimate data, although whether exposure was greater at the micro- or mesoscale (and hence the types of organisms or management decisions affected) depended on the topographic context of each mountain range. Habitat type influenced microclimatic exposure, and hence may provide opportunities for conservation adaptation. These results suggest that mechanistic models are potentially useful tools to assess exposure to climate change at spatial resolutions that permit understanding and management of biodiversity responses in mountain ecosystems.
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Rykken, Jessica J., Samuel S. Chan, and Andrew R. Moldenke. "Headwater Riparian Microclimate Patterns under Alternative Forest Management Treatments." Forest Science 53, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/53.2.270.

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Abstract Management of headwater streams and their riparian zones has included the implementation of forested riparian buffers, which are intended to protect ecological processes (such as microclimate) and biota, but the appropriate widths for these buffers have been widely debated. We measured the magnitude and extent of microclimatic gradients associated with headwater streams in mature unmanaged forests, and determined whether these patterns were maintained in clearcut harvested units with and without a 30 m-wide riparian buffer on each side of the stream. We measured air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity between 1 and 70 m from the stream in five replicate blocks of three treatments each in western Oregon. Results indicated the strongest stream effect on air temperature and relative humidity to be within 10 m of the stream in all management treatments at 3:00 pm, and gradients were evident to 20 m in the forested treatment. The clearcut was significantly hotter (air and soil) and drier than either the riparian buffer or the forest treatments at 3:00 pm. The riparian buffer and forest had similar microclimates at all distances from the stream, suggesting that the 30-m buffer adequately protected the riparian microclimatic gradient. We hypothesize that the strong stream effect on microclimate in the riparian zone serves a critical role in mitigating the influence of microclimatic “edge effects” associated with the forest-clearcut edge. Biota dependent on cool, humid microclimates provided by riparian zones will benefit from the implementation of riparian buffers in harvest units.
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Guan, Biing T., Shih-Hao Weng, Shing-Rong Kuo, Tsung-Yi Chang, Hsin-Wu Hsu, and Chieh-Wen Shen. "Analyzing the effects of stand thinning on microclimates with semiparametric smoothing splines." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-057.

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Monitoring the effects of stand thinning on microclimates is an integral part of any thinning experiment. It is through its modifications of microclimates that thinning alters important ecological processes. An efficient analysis of microclimate-monitoring data should address both the effects of thinning regimes on, and the temporal response trends of, microclimates. Probably because of the difficulties in modeling temporal trends parametrically, an examination of the existing literature on thinning showed that only a few studies have attempted to address the second aspect. We propose the use of semiparametric smoothing splines to analyze monitoring data from thinning experiments. First, the concept of a smoothing spline is briefly described. We then provide an example in which semiparametric mixed-effects smoothing-spline models were used to analyze microclimate-monitoring data from a thinning experiment. The proposed approach not only successfully detected the effects of thinning, but also revealed interesting temporal trends. For each of the microclimatic variables, we also compared the performance of the fitted semiparametric model with that of a parametric model. In general, the semiparametric model performed better than its parametric counterpart. We also addresse some concerns in using the proposed approach.
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Graham, Eric A., Mark Hansen, William J. Kaiser, Yeung Lam, Eric Yuen, and Philip W. Rundel. "Dynamic Microclimate Boundaries across a Sharp Tropical Rainforest–Clearing Edge." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091646.

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As landscapes become increasingly fragmented, research into impacts from disturbance and how edges affect vegetation and community structure has become more important. Descriptive studies on how microclimate changes across sharp transition zones have long existed in the literature and recently more attention has been focused on understanding the dynamic patterns of microclimate associated with forest edges. Increasing concern about forest fragmentation has led to new technologies for modeling forest microclimates. However, forest boundaries pose important challenges to not only microclimate modeling but also sampling regimes in order to capture the diurnal and seasonal dynamic aspects of microclimate along forest edges. We measured microclimatic variables across a sharp boundary from a clearing into primary lowland tropical rainforest at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Dynamic changes in diurnal microclimate were measured along three replicated transects, approximately 30 m in length with data collected every 1 m continuously at 30 min intervals for 24 h with a mobile sensor platform supported by a cable infrastructure. We found that a first-order polynomial fit using piece-wise regression provided the most consistent estimation of the forest edge, relative to the visual edge, although we found no “best” sensing parameter as all measurements varied. Edge location estimates based on daytime net shortwave radiation had less difference from the visual edge than other shortwave measurements, but estimates made throughout the day with downward-facing or net infrared radiation sensors were more consistent and closer to the visual edge than any other measurement. This research contributes to the relatively small number of studies that have directly measured diurnal temporal and spatial patterns of microclimate variation across forest edges and demonstrates the use of a flexible mobile platform that enables repeated, high-resolution measurements of gradients of microclimate.
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Brown, Nick. "The implications of climate and gap microclimate for seedling growth conditions in a Bornean lowland rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 2 (May 1993): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007136.

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ABSTRACTPresent theories of tropical rain forest regeneration dynamics suggest that different tree species specialize on the microclimates of different sizes of canopy gap. A detailed analysis of the microclimates of closed forest and 10 canopy gaps of different sizes was carried out in lowland dipterocarp rain forest, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. It reveals that gaps exhibit considerable spatial and temporal variation in microclimate. As a consequence the relationship between microclimate and gap sizes is not simple. Gaps of the same size do not necessarily have the same microclimate and may favour the growth of different seedling species. Chance location and timing of gap creation play an important role in regeneration dynamics.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microclimate"

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Chesterman, David Allan. "Microclimate of aspen forests." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22585.pdf.

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Norberg, Peter. "Microclimate measurements in the built environment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Built Environment, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2717.

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Surface moisture plays an important role in thedeterioration of building surfaces. The extent and duration ofsurface moisture is generally impossible to predictfrommeteorological data and consequently direct measurement ofthis quantity is essential,e.g. using the WETCORR method. Thismethod has been developed in Scandinaviaduring the past 25years. From the beginning it was intended for measurementsofinstantaneous atmospheric corrosion rates and TOW (time ofwetness) using corrodingelectrolytic cells. Over the past 15years the method has been extended tomeasurements of surfacemoisture and TOW on building materials in general. To thatend amodified measuring concept has gradually been developed,including an inertelectrolytic cell with electrodes of gold(Au). More recently, the method has also been applied tomeasurements of moisture content (MC) in various materialsusingmodifications of the traditional pin-type electrodes.

This thesis summarises various measurement projects thathave involved theWETCORR method during the past 10 years. Someprojects are entirely focused on the method as such, some aremore concerned with the interaction between themoisture sensorand the environment. In some cases attempts are made tocorrelate TOW with corrosion.

The limitations of the ISO 9223 standard for estimating TOW(RH>80%, T>0°C) isclearly illustrated. Theshortcomings of the ISO standard become evident in climateswith sub-zero temperatures, in environments with significantdeposition of pollutantsand salt, and in situations where theexchange of radiation between building surfaces and thesurrounding environment creates large temperature differenceswhich in turnmay either promote or inhibit condensation.

A generalised definition of TOW based on the conductivity ofthe surface electrolyterather than the thickness of themoisture film is proposed. The modified TOW is called time ofconduction or time of corrosion, (TOC). Strict measurement ofTOC requiresthe use of an inert electrolytic sensor andexcitation by AC or pulsed DC withreversing of the polarity.This is different from the present WETCORR technique.Theadoption of the TOC concept opens up the possibility ofdividing time into "wet" and"dry" periods. This is believed tofacilitate for the development of dose-responsefunctions basedon the real physical/chemical processes occurring on materialsurfacesrather than on a parametric approach.

The WETCORR technique has proven to be very useful also formeasurements of MCin wood, a measurement concept called INWOOD.The general principles andtheoretical considerations for woodmoisture measurements are reviewed, includingthe derivation ofsemi-empirical relationships describing the dependence ofresistivity on MC, temperature and dry density of wood. Thesame technique should be possible to use with almost any porousbuilding material.

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Jansson, Christer. "Urban microclimate and surface hydrometeorological processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3879.

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The urban near surface atmosphere is of great concern since it affects the climate to which an increasing amount of people are immediately exposed. This study investigated the microclimate in central Stockholm in terms of the thermal conditions in the 0-2.5 m air layer and the water and heat exchange processes at different types of surfaces found within the urban environment. The main objective was to improve our understanding of the urban small-scale climate system. The urban microclimate was measured in terms of vertical air temperature profiles along a horizontal transect running through a vegetated park and its built-up surroundings during three clear and relatively calm summer days. The results showed that the air temperature at 1.2 m height within the park was 0.5 to 1.5 K lower than in the surrounding city blocks, and that the thermal stratification was generally stable (increasing temperature with height) in the park and unstable (decreasing temperature with height) in the built-up areas. In addition, there were a few examples of temperature gradients orientated in different directions within the lowest 2.5 m air layer, indicating horizontal advection between the park and the built-up areas. Climate conditions simulated with a three-dimensional microclimate model agreed well with observations and the model was therefore assumed to provide reasonable representations of important climate processes such as surface-air energy exchange processes. However, there were some discrepancies between observations and simulations that are discussed in terms of differences in real and modelled heat storage processes and wind conditions. Processes that need to be included for a more precise model description of areas such as the Stockholm environment include dynamic heat storage in buildings and dynamic wind forcing during the course of the simulation. A soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model was used to study soil water transport, the surface energy balance of an asphalt surface, and the impact of urban climate on evapotranspiration. Based on model calibration to field measurements of soil water content in a till catchment outside Stockholm, new parameter values were estimated that can be used for water flow modelling of till soils. The heat fluxes of an asphalt surface were reliably simulated without knowledge of site-specific calibration and the model was useful in identifying problems with energy balance closure based on measurements only. Simulations of ‘urban’ modifications to the forcing climate conditions demonstrated that increased air temperature, and thereby increased vapour pressure deficit, had most effect on evapotranspiration from tall vegetation, while increased long-wave radiation raised grass evapotranspiration the most.
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Petrov, Ryan. "The microclimate of Australian cattle feedlots." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2007. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003191/.

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[Abstract]: The incidence of cattle heat stress is a significant production and welfare issue for the feedlot industry. It is hypothesised that the presence and physical nature of feedlots causes significant microclimatic variations compared to the external environment.In order to test this hypothesis, data was collected using a series of automatic weather stations located in the external environment surrounding two Australian feedlots. Comparison of this data with regional Bureau of Meteorology sites was undertaken to verify the quality of these ‘control’ sites. To determine the climate within the feedlot separate automatic weather stations were placed within the cattle pens at each site, with one station located in an unshaded pen and one directly under an artificial shade structure within an adjacent pen.This dissertation reports the collection and analyses of detailed climatic data from the surrounds and within the cattle pens of these two Australian feedlots. The project also sought to determine microclimatic differences within the feedlot pen area that may be caused by the presence of the shade structures.It was found that the presence of a feedlot does create significant microclimatic variations. Specifically, it was determined that the albedo values of the feedlot pen surface are significantly lower (ranging from 0.13 to 0.19) than those of the external feedlot environment (typically 0.15 to 0.25). This is a result of the surface changes arising from the establishment of clay based manure covered pens. Under wet conditions the differences in albedo values were further increased. It was found that the short wave radiation reflection from the external feedlot environment was 4% greater than that from the unshaded feedlot pen surfaces under dry conditions and 10% greater under wet conditions. The increased adsorption of solar radiation by the feedlot pen surface created ground temperatures that were on average 2 to 4°C warmer than those of the feedlot surrounds. The re-radiation of heat from the pen surface was found to create warmer air temperatures within the feedlot pens compared to the external environment, particularly overnight. Between the hours of 4am to 6am it was found that on average the air temperatures of the shaded and unshaded feedlot pens were 0.7°C and 0.5°C warmer than the external feedlot environment.It was found that feedlot pen infrastructure and cattle significantly reduce wind speeds under a height of 10 metres. The average 2 metre wind speeds of the external feedlot environments were found to be 29% and 9% higher than those recorded in the unshaded pens at the northern and southern feedlots respectively.Shade structures within feedlot pens were found to be effective in reducing incoming solar radiation with the galvanised sheeting reducing incoming solar radiation by 76% and the shade cloth providing a 72% reduction. These reductions provided both lower ground temperatures and a significant reduction in radiant heat loads under the shade. It was determined that the environment under shade structures was more humid compared to that of the unshaded pens with humidity levels recorded being 8 to 12% higher. Shade structures also restrict horizontal wind movement with the 2 metre wind speeds in the shaded pens being on average 11% and 0.5% lower than those recorded in the unshaded pens for the Queensland and NSW feedlots respectively.Research has shown that microclimatic variations such as increased air temperatures, increased humidity and restricted air movement can have an adverse effect on cattle health. It is concluded from this project that in order to mitigate these effects a number of feedlot design concepts be implemented, and management practices should be adopted. Maintaining minimal quantities of manure on the pen surface will provide lower ground temperatures, dryer pen conditions and inhibit the re-radiation of heat and evapotranspiration from the pen surface. Adequate air flow should be maintained by siting feedlots in areas of suitable topography, and designing feedlot infrastructure and shade structures to maximise air movement. Shade structures need to aim at providing dryer pen surfaces to minimise humidity levels. Incorporation of these recommendations into feedlot design and management will assist in optimising the feedlot microclimate.
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Hawkins, Edward. "Aphid movement and microclimate in winter." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339655.

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Pritchard, K. M. "Shelter, microclimate and heat loss from sheep." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303960.

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Guiselini, Cristiane. "Microclima e produção de gérbera em ambientes protegidos com diferentes tipos de cobertura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-20022003-163059/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de ambientes cobertos com filme de polietileno branco leitoso e diferentes malhas de sombreamento (Termo-refletora –50% e Preta – 50%) nas seguintes variáveis ambientais: irradiância solar global, irradiância fotossinteticamente ativa, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e evapotranspiração, e de seus respectivos microclimas no crescimento, no desenvolvimento e na qualidade da Gerbera jamesonii (Gérbera). O experimento foi realizado entre o outono e o inverno de 2002, junto à área experimental do Departamento de Ciências Exatas, da E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, em Piracicaba, SP. Foi instalado um ambiente protegido, sub-dividido em três partes iguais. Um dos ambientes era coberto apenas pelo plástico leitoso (T1), enquanto os outros dois possuíam, ainda, malhas de sombreamento, que foram instaladas internamente, à altura do pé direito, sendo um com malha termo-refletora (Alumitela) (T2) e outro com malha preta (T3), ambas com 50% de sombreamento, fabricadas pela Solpack Ltda. Os sensores foram instalados no centro de cada ambiente protegido (sub-divisão) e em uma estação meteorológica automatizada, a 100 m do experimento, para coleta dos dados meteorológicos externos. Os ambientes protegidos afetaram os elementos meteorológicos diminuindo a radiação solar, a umidade relativa do ar durante o período diurno e a evapotranspiração das planta de Gérbera e aumentando a temperatura do ar. As transmitâncias médias da radiação solar pelas coberturas (plástico leitoso, plástico leitoso + malha termo-refletora e plástico leitoso + malha preta) foram, respectivamente 23, 11 e 7%. As temperaturas médias diárias do ar dentro dos ambientes protegidos foram cerca de 6 o C maiores no ambiente coberto pelo plástico leitoso e 3 o C maiores nos ambientes cobertos pelo plástico leitoso associado às malhas de sombreamento quando comparadas as temperaturas externas. Os tipos de cobertura, em função do microclima proporcionado, afetaram o desenvolvimento das plantas de Gérbera. O crescimento foi mais rápido sob o plástico leitoso e mais lento sob o plástico leitoso + malha preta. As plantas de Gérbera cultivadas sob os ambientes protegidos cobertos pelo plástico leitoso e pelo plástico leitoso + malha termo-refletora atenderam às exigências quanto ao número de botões florais. Isso não ocorreu no ambiente sob o plástico leitoso + malha preta. Quanto a altura da haste, as plantas cultivadas em ambiente protegido não apresentou valores médios superiores ao mínimo exigido, de 10 cm. Os microclimas proporcionados pelas coberturas constituídas por plástico leitoso e plástico leitoso + termo-refletora promoveram condições adequadas para o cultivo da Gérbera, durante o período entre o outono e o inverno. No entanto não pode-se afirmar que tais condições sejam representativas para todas as estações do ano, recomendando-se estudos futuros comparando-se diferentes materiais de cobertura em diferentes épocas do ano, visando um melhor entendimento do microclima na produção comercial de Gérbera.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of white polyethylene as a greenhouse cover and its association with different shading screens (thermal screen and black screen) on the following environmental elements: incoming solar radiation (Qg), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and evapotranspiration (ET) and also to evaluate the effects of the different microclimatic conditions on the growth, development and quality of Gerbera Jamesonii. The experiment was carried out between late Autumn and Winter of 2002 at the experimental area of the Exact Sciences Departament, Agricultural College "Luiz de Queiroz", at the University of São Paulo, in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. A greenhouse was installed, sub-divided into three parts. One of them was covered just with white polyethylene (T1), while the others had, yet, shading screens, that were installed within the greenhouse, being one covered with a thermal screen (Alumitela) (T2) and the other one with a black screen (T3), both with 50% of shading, manufactured by Solpack Ltda. The meteorological sensors were installed in the center of each sub-division of the greenhouse and an automatic weather station was located at 100m from the experimental area, to collect external meteorological data. The covers in the greenhouse affected the microclimate, decreasing Qg, PAR, RH and ET and increasing T. The average transmission of solar radiation by the covers (white polyethylene, white polyethylene + thermal screen and white polyethylene + black screen) were, respectively, 23, 11 and 7%. The mean daily air temperatures within the greenhouse were about 6 o C higher in the white polyethylene and 3 o C higher in the environments covered by white polyethylene associated with the shading screens in comparison to the external temperatures. The types of covers, forming different microclimates, affected the growth and development of Gerbera plants. The growth was faster under the white polyethylene and slower under the white polyethylene associated with black screen. The plants cultivated under the greenhouse covered with white polyethylene and with white polyethylene associated with thermal screen filled the requirements in relation to the number of flower buttons. However, the same was not observed in the environment covered with white polyethylene associated with black screen. About the stem size, all the cultivated plants under all environmental conditions not presented the minimum required value (10 cm). In general, the microclimate influenced by the different covers offered adequated conditions for the cultivation of Gerbera, during autumn and winter periods. However, it is not possible to be sure that these conditions are representative for the whole year stations, being recommended forward studies comparing different cover materials on different periods of the year, searching for a better comprehension of the microclimate influence on the commercial production of Gerbera.
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Branco, Kauberg Gomes Castelo. "Microclimas e áreas verdes na cidade de Fortaleza - CE." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/20229.

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BRANCO, Kauberg Gomes Castelo. Microclimas e áreas verdes na cidade de Fortaleza - CE. 2014. 212 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geografia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014.
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With the consolidation of Fortaleza as a major urban center in the ninth century and XX, and with the creation of its metropolitan region in the 1970s, is observed intensification in urban density and therefore a disclosure of city environmental problems, including those related to urban climate . In this perspective it was proposed to investigate, following the methodology of the Urban Climate System of Monteiro (1976, 2003), the climate in intra-urban areas of Fortaleza, specifically the green spaces and surroundings, aiming to analyze the thermal contrasts these areas with the gifted environments of construction. Samples were collected on representative days of contrasting seasonal periods, as follows: Autumn (on 25 and 26 April 2013), winter (27 and 28 August 2013), and the dry season with intense winds and Finally, in days (21 and 22 November 2013). Through the methodology proposed by Bargos, 2010, categorizing, spatial in Public Areas Green and potentially public. The description of each green area of ​​the city were also held. Consideration was also the green area per inhabitant Index (IAV), as territorial scale opted for Regional later cauculando She administered the distribution of green areas in the city as a whole. As a result, Fortaleza has somo result of Green Areas Mapping the total of 13.34 m² / h (Public green areas) and 1.88 m² / h (Green Area Public Potentially). We observed the variation in temperature significantly intra-urban environment in general. The inner points thermal amplitudes were lower than the external points, the latter being more warm in the four sample areas analyzed.
Com a consolidação de Fortaleza como importante núcleo urbano no século IX e XX, e com a criação de sua Região Metropolitana na década de 1970, é observada uma intensificação no adensamento urbano e consequentemente uma evidenciação dos problemas ambientais citadinos, inclusive aqueles ligados ao clima urbano. Nesta perspectiva foi proposto investigar, seguindo a metodologia do Sistema Clima Urbano de Monteiro (1976, 2003), o clima em áreas intra-urbanas de Fortaleza, mais especificamente os espaços verdes e adjacências, objetivando analisar os contrastes térmicos destas áreas com os ambientes dotados de construção. As coletas foram realizadas em dias representativos de períodos sazonais contrastantes, sendo eles: Outono (nos dias 25 e 26 de abril de 2013), inverno (27 e 28 de agosto de 2013), e o período seco com forte intensidade dos ventos e, por fim, nos dias (21 e 22 de Novembro de 2013). Por meio da metodologia proposta por Bargos, 2010, categorização, espacialização em Áreas Verdes Publicas e Potencialmente Públicas. A descrição de cada área verde da cidade também foram realizadas. Analisou-se ainda o Índice de área verde por Habitante (IAV), como escala territorial optou-se por Regional Administrava cauculando posteriormente a distribuição de áreas verdes na cidade como um todo. Como resultados, Fortaleza apresenta somo resultado do Mapeamento de Áreas verdes o total de 13,34 m²/h (áreas verdes Publicas) e de 1,88 m²/h (Área Verde Potencialmente Pública). Observou-se a variação das temperaturas de forma expressiva no ambiente intra-urbano de um modo geral. Nos pontos internos as amplitudes térmicas foram menores que os pontos externos, sendo estes últimos mostrando-se mais quentes nas quatro áreas amostrais analisadas.
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Aubach, Rene. "Design of a microclimate for improving thermal quality." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129211.

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Anbar, Serry Omar. "The microclimate of Mina Valley during Haj period." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251496.

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Books on the topic "Microclimate"

1

Spittlehouse, David Leslie. Seedling microclimate. Victoria: BC Ministry of Forests, 1989.

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1931-, Johnstone Donald R., ed. Microclimate and spray dispersion. New York: E. Horwood, 1992.

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Microclimate for cultural heritage. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1998.

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Stoutjesdijk, Ph. Microclimate, vegetation and fauna. Knivsta, Sweden: Opulus, 1992.

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Yang, Feng, and Liang Chen. High-Rise Urban Form and Microclimate. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1714-3.

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D, Hungerford Roger, and Intermountain Research Station (Ogden, Utah), eds. MTCLIM: A mountain microclimate simulation model. Ogden, UT (324 25th St., Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1989.

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Hungerford, Roger D. MTCLIM: A mountain microclimate simulation model. Ogden, Utah]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989.

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Pretelli, Marco, and Kristian Fabbri, eds. Historic Indoor Microclimate of the Heritage Buildings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60343-8.

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David, Pearlmutter, and Williamson, T. J. (Terry J.), eds. Urban microclimate: Designing the spaces between buildings. London: Earthscan, 2011.

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Palme, Massimo, and Agnese Salvati, eds. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65421-4.

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Book chapters on the topic "Microclimate"

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Jones, M. B. "Plant microclimate." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 47–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9626-3_4.

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Jones, M. B. "Plant microclimate." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 47–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1566-7_4.

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Fabbri, Kristian. "Indoor Microclimate." In Historic Indoor Microclimate of the Heritage Buildings, 23–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60343-8_2.

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Littmann, T. "Topoclimate and Microclimate." In Ecological Studies, 175–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75498-5_12.

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Fajkus, Matt, and Dason Whitsett. "The Solar Microclimate." In Architectural Science and the Sun, 134–51. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315708041-7.

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Allison, Ian, and John Bennett. "Climate and Microclimate." In The Equatorial Glaciers of New Guinea, 61–80. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203736777-5.

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Pretelli, Marco, and Kristian Fabbri. "Historic Indoor Microclimate." In Historic Indoor Microclimate of the Heritage Buildings, 73–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60343-8_3.

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Richter, Michael. "Microclimate in the Tropics." In Tropical Forestry Handbook, 413–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_41.

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Ahmad, Latief, Asim Biswas, Jon Warland, and Insha Anjum. "Microclimate and Climatic Normals." In Climate Change and Agrometeorology, 83–100. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4863-5_5.

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Takemoto, Hiroyuki. "Microclimate and Moving Pattern." In The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba, 335–38. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53921-6_34.

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Conference papers on the topic "Microclimate"

1

Grant, David, and Adnan Al-Anbuky. "Wireless Microclimate Sensor." In 2007 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issnip.2007.4496922.

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Sereda, Sergey Nikolaevich. "GREENHOUSE MICROCLIMATE MODELING." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Modern research on the way to a new scientific revolution». Part 2. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). November 2023. – Varadero (Cuba). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231128.2023.81.96.037.

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The paper presents data on observations of greenhouse microclimate parameters using the ZONT measuring complex. An assessment of the dynamics of changes in microclimate parameters is given. The effect of aeration of air in a greenhouse in the ventilation mode is shown. An empirical mathematical model of the greenhouse microclimate is proposed. The results of modeling the microclimate parameters in the MathCAD program are presented.
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"Simulation of Urban Microclimate with SOLENE-microclimat - An Outdoor Comfort Case Study." In 2018 Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design. Society for Modeling and Simulation International (SCS), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22360/simaud.2018.simaud.026.

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Mukazhanov, Yerkat. "MICROCLIMATE CONTROL IN GREENHOUSES." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/62/s27.089.

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Petrova, I., V. Zaripova, T. Zolina, Yu Lezhnina, and A. Karpenko. "Intelligent Indoor Microclimate Control." In 2020 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon50210.2020.9271315.

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Holopírková, Lucie. "Indoor Microclimate of Buildings." In PhD Research Sympozium 2018. Brno: Fakulta architektury VUT v Brne, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/phd.fa2018.13.

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Gapski, Natasha Hansen, and Deivis Luis Marinoski. "Urban microclimate at height." In XVII ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE CONFORTO NO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO. ANTAC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/encac.v17i1.3772.

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Cities' morphologies determine the urban microclimate. The thermal conditions may differ according to the distance from the ground. For instance, air velocity and solar incidence tend to be higher as the height increases due to the decrease of obstacles to wind and radiation. This work discusses the gradient of vertical air temperatures in a high-rise building area. In winter and spring, measurements in the field at two heights on the same building occurred in the coastal Brazilian city of Balneário Camboriú. The air temperature was generally higher during the daytime at the highest point than the near ground one, especially in clear sky conditions, and lower during nighttime. As the sky view factor increases with height, the shading obstacles decrease, leading to generally higher solar access and a higher heat released through longwave radiation to the sky. Also, the studied area was modelled in ENVI-met and compared to field measurements. Simulation's results in the vertical profile showed the opposite behaviour than the field observations. Especially in high-density cities, understanding the vertical microclimate profile may guide the development of urban climate improvement strategies.
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Zeng, Qian Ying, Donovan Ramsey, and Chen-Hsiang Yu. "Enhanced Mobile Microclimate System." In 2021 IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference ((URTC)). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urtc54388.2021.9701625.

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Conciatori, David, Emmanuel Denarié, Hamid Sadouki, and Eugen Brühwiler. "Chloride Penetration Model Considering Microclimate." In Third IABMAS Workshop on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Design of Civil Infrastructures Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40707(240)8.

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Lv, Xinping. "Microclimate Regulation in Glass Greenhouses." In Proceedings of the 5th Management Science Informatization and Economic Innovation Development Conference, MSIEID 2023, December 8–10, 2023, Guangzhou, China. EAI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-12-2023.2344777.

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Reports on the topic "Microclimate"

1

Hungerford, Roger D., Ramakrishna R. Nemani, Steven W. Running, and Joseph C. Coughlan. MTCLIM: a mountain microclimate simulation model. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-rp-414.

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Reason, William B. Chest Mounted Armored Microclimate Conditioned Air Device. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368565.

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Tunick, Arnold. Critical Assessment of Selected Urban Microclimate Model Frameworks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435329.

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Herman, R., and S. O’Brien. Microclimate Influence on Bird Arrival Behavior Field Campaign Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1248495.

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Burr, Ralph G., Daniel W. Trone, Robert S. Pozos, Elmer J. Labranch, and Christopher S. Parrish. Microclimate Cooling Effect on Perceived Exertion in Four Heat/Exercise Scenarios. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada285549.

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Fuchs, Marcel, Ishaiah Segal, Ehude Dayan, and K. Jordan. Improving Greenhouse Microclimate Control with the Help of Plant Temperature Measurements. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604930.bard.

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A model of the energy balance of a transpiring crop in a greenhouse was developed in a format suitable for use in climate control algorithms aimed at dissipating excess heat during the warm periods. The model's parameters use external climatic variables as input. It incorporates radiation and convective transfer functions related to the operation of control devices like shading screens, vents, fans and enhanced evaporative cooling devices. The model identified the leaf boundary-layer resistance and the leaf stomatal and cuticular resistance as critical parameters regulating the temperature of the foliage. Special experiments evaluated these variables and established their relation to environmental factors. The research established that for heat load conditions in Mediterranean and arid climates transpiring crops maintained their foliage temperature within the range allowing high productivity. Results specify that a water supply ensuring minimum leaf resistance to remain below 100 s m-1, and a ventilation rate of 30 air exchanges per hour, are the conditions needed to achieve self cooling. Two vegetable crops, tomato and sweet pepper fulfilled maintained their leaf resistance within the prescribed range at maturity, i.e., during the critical warm season. The research evaluates the effects of additional cooling obtained from wet pad systems and spray wetting of foliage.
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Cadarette, Bruce S., Troy D. Chineverse, Brett R. Ely, Daniel A. Goodman, Brad Laprise, Walter Teal, and Michael N. Sawka. Physiological Responses to Exercise-Heat Stress With Prototype Pulsed Microclimate Cooling System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada486404.

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Pandolf, Kent B. Tri-Service Perspectives on Microclimate Cooling of Protective Clothing in the Heat. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada294005.

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Fowler, W. B., and T. D. Anderson. Illustrating harvest effects on site microclimate in a high-elevation forest stand. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-466.

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Laprise, Brad, Walter Teal, Leah Zuckerman, and Jason Cardinal. Evaluation of Commercial Off-the-Shelf and Government Off-the-Shelf Microclimate Cooling Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436369.

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