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Journal articles on the topic 'Microcirculatory dysfunction'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Kanoore Edul, Vanina, Gonzalo Ferrara, and Arnaldo Dubin. "Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Sepsis." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187153010791936847.

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2

Lundy, David J., and Stephen Trzeciak. "Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Sepsis." Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 23, no. 1 (March 2011): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2010.12.004.

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3

Bansal, Arun, and Gopala Krishnan. "Microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis." Journal of Pediatric Critical Care 6, no. 2 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21304/2019.0602.00486.

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4

Lundy, David J., and Stephen Trzeciak. "Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Sepsis." Critical Care Clinics 25, no. 4 (October 2009): 721–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2009.06.002.

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5

Vollmar, Brigitte, and Michael D. Menger. "Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Acute Pancreatitis." Pancreatology 3, no. 3 (January 2003): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000070727.

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6

Khalid, Nauman, and Lovely Chhabra. "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and microcirculatory dysfunction." Nature Reviews Cardiology 12, no. 8 (June 16, 2015): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2015.88.

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7

Selthofer-Relatic, Kristina, Martina Mihalj, Aleksandar Kibel, Ana Stupin, Marko Stupin, Ivana Jukic, Akos Koller, and Ines Drenjancevic. "Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Human Cardiomyopathies." Cardiology in Review 25, no. 4 (2017): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/crd.0000000000000140.

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8

Ikonomidis, Ignatios, John Lekakis, Sotirios Tsiodras, John Palios, Garyfalia Poulakou, Periklis Panagopoulos, Periklis Panagopoulos, et al. "MICROCIRCULATORY DYSFUNCTION IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 55, no. 10 (March 2010): A159.E1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(10)61496-9.

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9

Boros, M. "Microcirculatory dysfunction during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion." Acta Physiologica Hungarica 90, no. 4 (December 2003): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aphysiol.90.2003.4.1.

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10

LEHR, HANS-ANTON. "Microcirculatory Dysfunction Induced by Cigarette Smoking." Microcirculation 7, no. 6 (December 2000): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-8719.2000.tb00135.x.

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11

Miranda, Marcos, Michelle Balarini, Daniella Caixeta, and Eliete Bouskela. "Microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis: pathophysiology, clinical monitoring, and potential therapies." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 311, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): H24—H35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00034.2016.

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Abnormal microvascular perfusion, including decreased functional capillary density and increased blood flow heterogeneity, is observed in early stages of the systemic inflammatory response to infection and appears to have prognostic significance in human sepsis. It is known that improvements in systemic hemodynamics are weakly correlated with the correction of microcirculatory parameters, despite an appropriate treatment of macrohemodynamic abnormalities. Furthermore, conventional hemodynamic monitoring systems available in clinical practice fail to detect microcirculatory parameter changes and responses to treatments, as they do not evaluate intrinsic events that occur in the microcirculation. Fortunately, some bedside diagnostic methods and therapeutic options are specifically directed to the assessment and treatment of microcirculatory changes. In the present review we discuss fundamental aspects of septic microcirculatory abnormalities, including pathophysiology, clinical monitoring, and potential therapies.

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12

Diller, Ricarda, Udo Stratmann, Tilo Helmschmied, Gerrit Bäumer, Ralf Bahde, Evgeni Minin, and Hans-Ullrich Spiegel. "Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Endotoxemic Bowel Anastomosis: The Pathogenetic Contribution of Microcirculatory Dysfunction to Endotoxemia-Induced Healing Impairment." Journal of Surgical Research 150, no. 1 (November 2008): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2007.12.795.

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13

Nam, Karam, and Yunseok Jeon. "Microcirculation during surgery." Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17085/apm.22127.

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Throughout the long history of surgery, there has been great advancement in the hemodynamic management of surgical patients. Traditionally, hemodynamic management has focused on macrocirculatory monitoring and intervention to maintain appropriate oxygen delivery. However, even after optimization of macro-hemodynamic parameters, microcirculatory dysfunction, which is related to higher postoperative complications, occurs in some patients. Although the clinical significance of microcirculatory dysfunction has been well reported, little is known about interventions to recover microcirculation and prevent microcirculatory dysfunction. This may be at least partly caused by the fact that the feasibility of monitoring tools to evaluate microcirculation is still insufficient for use in routine clinical practice. However, considering recent advancements in these research fields, with more popular use of microcirculation monitoring and more clinical trials, clinicians may better understand and manage microcirculation in surgical patients in the future. In this review, we describe currently available methods for microcirculatory evaluation. The current knowledge on the clinical relevance of microcirculatory alterations has been summarized based on previous studies in various clinical settings. In the latter part, pharmacological and clinical interventions to improve or restore microcirculation are also presented.

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14

Charlton, Matthew, Mark Sims, Tim Coats, and Jonathan P. Thompson. "The microcirculation and its measurement in sepsis." Journal of the Intensive Care Society 18, no. 3 (November 10, 2016): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1751143716678638.

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The microcirculation describes the smallest elements of the cardiovascular conducting system and is pivotal in the maintenance of homeostasis. Microcirculatory dysfunction is present early in the pathophysiology of sepsis, with the extent of microcirculatory derangement relating to disease severity and prognosis in ICU patients. However, at present microcirculatory function is not routinely monitored at the bedside. This article describes the pathophysiology of microcirculatory derangements in sepsis, methods of its measurement and evidence to support their clinical use.

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15

EERBEEK, O., D. M. J. MILSTEIN, and C. INCE. "MICROCIRCULATORY DYSFUNCTION IN LANGENDORFF ENDOTOXEMIC RAT HEARTS." Shock 21, Supplement (March 2004): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200403001-00323.

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16

Jünger, Michael, Anke Steins, Martin Hahn, and Hans-Martin Häfner. "Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)." Microcirculation 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713774003.

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17

Ivanov, K. P., and N. N. Mel’nikova. "Leukocytes as a cause of microcirculatory dysfunction." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 141, no. 6 (June 2006): 666–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-006-0247-4.

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18

JÜNGER, MICHAEL, ANKE STEINS, MARTIN HAHN, and HANS-MARTIN HÄFNER. "Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)." Microcirculation 7, S1 (December 2000): S3—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-8719.2000.tb00145.x.

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19

Lin, Cong, Pu Zhang, Yangjing Xue, Yinqing Huang, and Kangting Ji. "Link of renal microcirculatory dysfunction to increased coronary microcirculatory resistance in hypertensive patients." Cardiology Journal 24, no. 6 (December 29, 2017): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/cj.a2017.0074.

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20

Layland, J., R. Witbourn, A. Burns, S. Palmer, A. Wilson-O’Brien, G. Leitl, A. MacIsaac, and A. Wilson. "Impaired Baseline Microcirculatory Function and Diabetes are Associated with Post PCI Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction." Heart, Lung and Circulation 21 (January 2012): S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.398.

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21

Allaqaband, Hassan, David D. Gutterman, and Andrew O. Kadlec. "Physiological Consequences of Coronary Arteriolar Dysfunction and Its Influence on Cardiovascular Disease." Physiology 33, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00019.2018.

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To date, the major focus of diagnostic modalities and interventions to treat coronary artery disease has been the large epicardial vessels. Despite substantial data showing that microcirculatory dysfunction is a strong predictor of future adverse cardiovascular events, very little research has gone into developing techniques for in vivo diagnosis and therapeutic interventions to improve microcirculatory function. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of coronary arteriolar dysfunction, define its prognostic implications, evaluate the diagnostic modalities available, and provide speculation on current and potential therapeutic opportunities.

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22

Andersson, A., J. Fenhammar, E. Weitzberg, A. Sollevi, H. Hjelmqvist, and R. Frithiof. "Endothelin-mediated gut microcirculatory dysfunction during porcine endotoxaemia." British Journal of Anaesthesia 105, no. 5 (November 2010): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeq217.

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23

Østergaard, L., A. Granfeldt, N. Secher, A. Tietze, N. K. Iversen, M. S. Jensen, K. K. Andersen, et al. "Microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue oxygenation in critical illness." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 59, no. 10 (July 7, 2015): 1246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aas.12581.

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24

Moore, J. P. R., A. Dyson, M. Singer, and J. Fraser. "Microcirculatory dysfunction and resuscitation: why, when, and how." British Journal of Anaesthesia 115, no. 3 (September 2015): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aev163.

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25

Akashi, Yoshihiro J., and Alexander R. Lyon. "Microcirculatory dysfunction and autonomic disturbance in Takotsubo syndrome." Nature Reviews Cardiology 12, no. 8 (June 16, 2015): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2015.90.

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26

Colbert, James F., and Eric P. Schmidt. "Endothelial and Microcirculatory Function and Dysfunction in Sepsis." Clinics in Chest Medicine 37, no. 2 (June 2016): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2016.01.009.

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27

Villela, Nivaldo Ribeiro, Luiz Guilherme Kramer-Aguiar, Daniel Alexandre Bottino, Nicolas Wiernsperger, and Eliete Bouskela. "Metabolic disturbances linked to obesity: the role of impaired tissue perfusion." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 53, no. 2 (March 2009): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302009000200015.

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Associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular events and cancer, obesity is a worldwide problem affecting developed and developing countries. Microcirculatory vessels, represented by arterioles, capillaries and venules (mean internal diameter < 100 µm), are the place where blood/tissue nutrition and exchange effectively take place. Microvascular dysfunction is an early event in obesity probably secondary to endothelial dysfunction and capillaries rarefaction. New research techniques allow the investigation of the microcirculation in different vascular beds in humans. Studies suggest a link between endothelial dysfunction and visceral obesity. Oxidative stress, inflammation and rennin-angiotensin system are among factors considered to be involved on microvascular dysfunction in obesity. Microcirculatory impairment present in obesity suggests that it could be an important causal factor in obesity-related disorders such as insulin resistance and hypertension.

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28

Mikhailichenko, M. I., and K. G. Shapovalov. "Microcirculatory disturbances in the pathogenesis of local cold injuries." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 18, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-2-4-11.

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The review is devoted to microcirculatory disorders in local cold injury and simultaneous endothelial dysfunction. The features of endocrine activity of endothelium, cytokine activity, expression of the main molecules of intercellular adhesion and the phenomenon of lymphocytic-platelet adhesion, metabolism of nitric oxide, the state of the microcirculatory bed of the victims in different periods of injury were described.

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29

KOCH, THEA, STEFAN GEIGER, and MAX J. R. RAGALLER. "Monitoring of Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis/Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: Novel Strategies." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, suppl 1 (February 2001): S53—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v12suppl_1s53.

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Abstract. Sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome—induced severe disruption of microcirculation and consecutive tissue hypoxia is considered a key factor in the development of organ dysfunction and multiple organ failure. The conventionally measured global variables such as lactate or macrohemodynamic parameters using a pulmonary artery catheter do not adequately mirror microcirculatory disturbances. Evaluation of the severity of microcirculatory distress and the effectiveness of resuscitation strategies requires new clinical technologies aimed at the microcirculation. It is anticipated that novel techniques such as optical spectroscopy and intelligent biosensors will play a major role in the development of new monitoring systems. In general, the current monitoring of organ dysfunction is characterized by a trend from invasive to noninvasive and “safe” techniques, which provide bedside or even on-line monitoring and allow a more precise and earlier detection of organ dysfunction. Techniques for the assessment of regional perfusion and microcirculatory bioenergetics to direct therapeutic procedures are expected to refine and optimize clinical treatment of critically ill patients in the future. This article addresses the question of which variables should be monitored, what is feasible, and what is valid for therapeutic consequences. Recent developments in monitoring of macro- and microcirculation and organ-specific dysfunction, e.g., lung, kidney, are described with respect to their advantages and limitations, and future directions are outlined.

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30

Boa, Beatriz C. S., Carlos M. M. R. Barros, Maria das Graças C. Souza, Raquel C. Castiglione, Fátima Z. G. A. Cyrino, and Eliete Bouskela. "α-Tocopherol Improves Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Fructose Fed Hamsters." PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2015): e0134740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134740.

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31

ITO, YOSHIYA, NANCY W. BETHEA, GREGORY L. BAKER, MARGARET K. MCCUSKEY, RENATE URBASCHEK, and ROBERT S. MCCUSKEY. "Hepatic Microcirculatory Dysfunction During Cholestatic Liver Injury in Rats." Microcirculation 10, no. 5 (October 2003): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mn.7800208.

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32

Yeh, Yu-Chang, Ming-Jiuh Wang, Chih-Peng Lin, Shou-Zen Fan, Jui-Chang Tsai, Wei-Zen Sun, and Wen-Je Ko. "Enoxaparin sodium prevents intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction in endotoxemic rats." Critical Care 16, no. 2 (2012): R59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc11303.

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33

Jenni, Rolf, Christophe A. Wyss, Erwin N. Oechslin, and Philipp A. Kaufmann. "Isolated ventricular noncompaction is associated with coronary microcirculatory dysfunction." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39, no. 3 (February 2002): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01765-x.

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34

Kern, Karl B., Taro Sasaoka, Haruhiko Higashi, Ronald W. Hilwig, Robert A. Berg, and Mathias Zuercher. "Post-resuscitation myocardial microcirculatory dysfunction is ameliorated with eptifibatide." Resuscitation 82, no. 1 (January 2011): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.005.

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35

Wright, Stephen A., Fiona M. O’Prey, Derrick J. Rea, Rick D. Plumb, Andrew J. Gamble, William J. Leahey, Adrian B. Devine, et al. "Microcirculatory Hemodynamics and Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 26, no. 10 (October 2006): 2281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.0000238351.82900.7f.

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36

Kozera, Grzegorz M., Jolanta Neubauer-Geryk, Bogumił Wolnik, Sebastian Szczyrba, Joanna Wojczal, Walenty M. Nyka, and Leszek Bieniaszewski. "Cerebral and skin microcirculatory dysfunction in type 1 diabetes." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology 36, no. 1 (2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ada.2018.81185.

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37

Kern, Karl B., Mathias Zuercher, David Cragun, Suntharo Ly, Joseph Quash, Sanjay Bhartia, Ronald W. Hilwig, Robert A. Berg, and Gordon A. Ewy. "Myocardial microcirculatory dysfunction after prolonged ventricular fibrillation and resuscitation." Critical Care Medicine 36, Suppl (November 2008): S418—S421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e31818a82e8.

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38

Lehr, Hans-Anton, Fernando Bittinger, and C. James Kirkpatrick. "Microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis: a pathogenetic basis for therapy?" Journal of Pathology 190, no. 3 (February 2000): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(200002)190:3<373::aid-path593>3.0.co;2-3.

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39

Rivero, Fernando, Javier Cuesta, Marcos García-Guimaraes, Teresa Bastante, Teresa Alvarado, Paula Antuña, and Fernando Alfonso. "Time-Related Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy." JAMA Cardiology 2, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5993.

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40

Samartsev, Vladimir A., Vasilii A. Gavrilov, Sergei Yu Podtaev, Boris S. Pushkarev, Andrei A. Domrachev, and Anastasiia Yu Sidorenko. "Diagnostics and correction of microcirculation disorders and endothelial dysfunction in complex therapy of acute pancreatitis with antioxidant drugs." Perm Medical Journal 39, no. 3 (July 15, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj39363-72.

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Objective. To assess the efficiency of using polypositional skin thermometry of high resolution with wavelet-analysis of the obtained curve as a screening noninvasive method for diagnostics and correction of microcirculatory disorders and endothelial dysfunction in complex therapy of acute pancreatitis using antioxidant drugs. Materials and methods. A prospective open randomized study of 30 patients with acute pancreatitis was carried out. The polypositional skin thermometry of high resolution with wavelet-analysis of the obtained curve was chosen as a screening method of diagnostics of microcirculatory disorders and endothelial dysfunction. Measurement of temperature oscillation amplitude with an accuracy to 0,001 С was performed in conditions of skin heating with index finger. The study was implemented before and after calf blood deproteinized hemoderivative infusion. Results. Reliable changes in skin temperature oscillation of the microcirculatory bed of the skin in the endothelial range on the days 1, 2 and 3 of drug infusion were detected. In the investigated group of patients, the phenomena of transitory organ dysfunction were arrested during 48 hours that proves the presence of pancreatitis of a moderate degree of severity. The temperature oscillation amplitudes of skin in neurogenic range significantly differed by the moment of arresting organ dysfunction. Conclusions. The method of polypositional skin thermometry of high resolution with wavelet-analysis of the obtained curve can be offered as an instrument for assessment of endothelial dysfunction prior to appearance of clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis. The calf blood deproteinized hemoderivative infusions applied as a metabolic therapy positively influence the endothelial dysfunction in acute pancreatitis of a moderate degree of severity.

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41

Bekyarova, Ganka, Maria Tzaneva, Minka Hristova, and Krasimir Hristov. "Melatonin protection against burn-induced liver injury. A review." Open Medicine 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-013-0253-7.

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AbstractSevere thermal injury may be complicated by dysfunction of organs distant from the original burn wound, including the liver, and represents a serious clinical problem. Although pathophysiology of burn-induced liver injury remains unclear, increasing evidence implicate activation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and microcirculatory disorders as the main mechanisms of hepatic injury. Several studies suggest melatonin as a multifunctional indolamine that counteracts some of the pathophysiologic steps and displays significant beneficial effects against burn-induced cellular injury. This review summarizes the role of melatonin in restricting the burn-induced hepatic injury and focuses on its effects on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction and microcirculatory disorders as well as on signaling pathways such as regulation of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB). Further studies are necessary to elucidate the modulating effect of melatonin on the transcription factor responsible for the regulation of the pro-inflammatory and antioxidant genes involved in burn injuries.

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42

Remmelink, M., K. D. Sjauw, Z. Y. Yong, J. D. E. Haeck, M. M. Vis, K. T. Koch, J. G. P. Tijssen, et al. "Coronary microcirculatory dysfunction is associated with left ventricular dysfunction during follow-up after STEMI." Netherlands Heart Journal 21, no. 5 (February 20, 2013): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12471-013-0382-2.

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43

Selthofer-Relatić, K., I. Bošnjak, and A. Kibel. "Obesity Related Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: From Basic to Clinical Practice." Cardiology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8173816.

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Obesity related coronary microvascular disease is a medical entity which is not yet fully elucidated. The pathophysiological basis of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction consists of a heterogeneous group of disorders with individual morphologic/functional/clinical presentation and prognosis. Coronary microcirculatory changes include mechanisms connected with vascular dysfunction, as well as extravascular and vasostructural changes in responses to neural, mechanical, and metabolic factors. Cardiometabolic changes that include obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus type II, and hypertension are associated with atherosclerosis of epicardial coronary arteries and/or microvascular coronary dysfunction, with incompletely understood underlying mechanisms. In obesity, microvascular disease is mediated via adipokines/cytokines causing chronic, subclinical inflammation with (a) reduced NO-mediated dilatation, (b) changed endothelial- and smooth muscle-dependent vasoregulating mechanisms, (c) altered vasomotor control with increased sympathetic activity, and (d) obesity related hypertension with cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and impaired cardiac vascular adaptation to metabolic needs. From a clinical point of view it can present itself in acute or chronic form with different prognosis, as a practice problem for real-life diagnosis and treatment.

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44

Vasilevskaya, L. A., N. I. Nechipurenko, and I. D. Pashkouskaya. "Endothelium functional state and evaluation of tissue hypoxia in patients at the moment of the transitorial ischemic attacks development." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2018-17-2-30-36.

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Purpose. To study microcirculatory, metabolic disturbances and the possibility of their correction in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) when used in the complex treatment of laser hemotherapy (LH). Material and methods. We studied the vasomotor function of the endothelium, the parameters of carbohydrate-energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the blood. Results. Endothelial dysfunction, increased lactate/ pyruvate ratio, increased LPO, low activity of superoxidedismutase were established. The complex treatment improves microcirculatory and metabolic parameters. Conclusions. It is recommended to include LH in the complex treatment of patients with TIA.

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45

Chan, J., H. Thakkar, A. Comella, J. Kim, S. Armstrong, A. Ihdayhid, D. Dey, N. Nerlekar, and A. Brown. "Coronary Perivascular Inflammation is Not Associated With Downstream Microcirculatory Dysfunction." Heart, Lung and Circulation 30 (2021): S184—S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.203.

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46

De Backer, Daniel, Diego Orbegozo Cortes, Katia Donadello, and Jean-Louis Vincent. "Pathophysiology of microcirculatory dysfunction and the pathogenesis of septic shock." Virulence 5, no. 1 (September 25, 2013): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.26482.

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47

Nishida, J., R. S. McCuskey, D. McDonnell, and E. S. Fox. "Protective role of NO in hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction during endotoxemia." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 267, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): G1135—G1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.267.6.g1135.

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Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to have a protective function in attenuating hepatic injury during endotoxemia or sepsis. As a result, the role of NO in attenuating the hepatic microcirculatory alterations associated with endotoxemia was investigated in mice by in vivo microscopy. The livers were examined 2 h after intravenous injection of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or in combination with inhibitors of the synthesis of NO, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. In the animals treated with the combination of NO synthase inhibitors and LPS, leukocyte adherence was increased threefold above that in animals treated with LPS alone. This was accompanied by a 33% reduction in sinusoidal blood flow. Simultaneous administration of L-arginine, but not D-arginine, eliminated these microcirculatory disturbances. The results demonstrate that inhibition of LPS-stimulated NO production results in an early hepatic microvascular inflammatory response to a dose of endotoxin which by itself is scarcely inflammatory. This suggests that NO plays a significant role in stabilizing the hepatic microcirculation during endotoxemia, thereby helping to protect the liver from ischemia and leukocyte-induced oxidative injury.

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48

Ito, Yoshiya, Aurelia Lugea, Stephen J. Pandol, and Robert S. McCuskey. "Substance P Mediates Cerulein-Induced Pancreatic Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Mice." Pancreas 34, no. 1 (January 2007): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mpa.0000246663.30751.24.

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Yamada, Hodaka, Masashi Yoshida, Fujiwara Takayuki, Masafumi Kakei, and San‐e Ishikawa. "Case of fulminant type 1 diabetes with coronary microcirculatory dysfunction." Journal of Diabetes Investigation 5, no. 6 (October 27, 2014): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12233.

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Kaps, M., and B. Rosengarten. "IN03-MO-02 Functional TCD – Indicator for early microcirculatory dysfunction." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 285 (October 2009): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(09)70036-x.

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