Journal articles on the topic 'Microbiota'
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Moeller, Andrew H., and Jon G. Sanders. "Roles of the gut microbiota in the adaptive evolution of mammalian species." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1808 (August 10, 2020): 20190597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0597.
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Every mammalian species harbours a gut microbiota, and variation in the gut microbiota within mammalian species can have profound effects on host phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent evidence that gut microbiotas have influenced the course of mammalian adaptation and diversification. Associations with gut microbiotas have: (i) promoted the diversification of mammalian species by enabling dietary transitions onto difficult-to-digest carbon sources and toxic food items; (ii) shaped the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in mammalian species through the amplification of signals from the external environment and from postnatal developmental processes; and (iii) generated selection for host mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, to control the gut microbiota for the benefit of host fitness. The stability of specific gut microbiotas within host species lineages varies substantially across the mammalian phylogeny, and this variation may alter the ultimate evolutionary outcomes of relationships with gut microbiotas in different mammalian clades. In some mammalian species, including humans, relationships with host species-specific gut microbiotas appear to have led to the evolution of host dependence on the gut microbiota for certain functions. These studies implicate the gut microbiota as a significant environmental factor and selective agent shaping the adaptive evolution of mammalian diet, phenotypic plasticity, gastrointestinal morphology and immunity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of the microbiome in host evolution’.
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Khavkin, A. I., E. V. Shrainer, K. M. Nikolaichuk, I. A. Pak, V. V. Dudurich, A. V. Ponomarenko, E. А. Yakovets, and E. A. Pokushalov. "Gut microbiota and obesity." Voprosy dietologii 14, no. 2 (2024): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2024-2-36-49.
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The global prevalence of obesity has almost tripled since the end of the last century. Excess body weight is responsible for nearly 2.8 million deaths each year due to complications. Many studies support both a genetic predisposition and the role of the gut microbiome in obesity’s development. The review is highlight recent scientific advances in understanding the relationships between the gut microbiome, obesity, and comorbidities for cause-and-effect relationships. It examines impact of gut microbiota composition and changes in metabolite profile on the obesity pathogenesis and related metabolic disorders. The article also discusses such therapeutic microbiota’s agents as antibiotics, pre-, auto- and probiotics, as well as fecotransplantation. Key words: obesity, microbiota, metabolites, children, short-chain fatty acids
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Salas-González, Isai, Guilhem Reyt, Paulina Flis, Valéria Custódio, David Gopaulchan, Niokhor Bakhoum, Tristan P. Dew, et al. "Coordination between microbiota and root endodermis supports plant mineral nutrient homeostasis." Science 371, no. 6525 (November 19, 2020): eabd0695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd0695.
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Plant roots and animal guts have evolved specialized cell layers to control mineral nutrient homeostasis. These layers must tolerate the resident microbiota while keeping homeostatic integrity. Whether and how the root diffusion barriers in the endodermis, which are critical for the mineral nutrient balance of plants, coordinate with the microbiota is unknown. We demonstrate that genes controlling endodermal function in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contribute to the plant microbiome assembly. We characterized a regulatory mechanism of endodermal differentiation driven by the microbiota with profound effects on nutrient homeostasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanism is linked to the microbiota’s capacity to repress responses to the phytohormone abscisic acid in the root. Our findings establish the endodermis as a regulatory hub coordinating microbiota assembly and homeostatic mechanisms.
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Amarachukwu Bernaldine Isiaka, Vivian Nonyelum Anakwenze, Ugonna Henry Uzoka, Chiamaka Rosemary Ilodinso, Mercy Oluwayomi Oso, Chito Clare Ekwealor, and Chikodili Gladys Anaukwu. "Exploring the role of gut microbiota in human health." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.27.1.0100.
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The study explores the intricate relationship between the human gut microbiota and health. It analyzes the gut microbiota’s roles in digestion, metabolism, immune responses, and overall well-being. The review discusses the composition and diversity of gut microbial communities, emphasizing their symbiotic relationship with the host. It also examines how gut dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, relates to health conditions like inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic disorders. The review highlights research methodologies like metagenomics and metabolomics that deepen our understanding of gut microbiota function. It also explores external factors, such as diet and antibiotic use, in shaping the gut microbiome. The review discusses potential therapeutic interventions like probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, suggesting a future for personalized medicine. By synthesizing existing knowledge, the review aims to advance understanding of the gut microbiota’s role in health and suggest future research and interventions.
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Britton, Graham J., Eduardo J. Contijoch, Matthew P. Spindler, Varun Aggarwala, Belgin Dogan, Gerold Bongers, Lani San Mateo, et al. "Defined microbiota transplant restores Th17/RORγt+regulatory T cell balance in mice colonized with inflammatory bowel disease microbiotas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 35 (August 18, 2020): 21536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922189117.
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The building evidence for the contribution of microbiota to human disease has spurred an effort to develop therapies that target the gut microbiota. This is particularly evident in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where clinical trials of fecal microbiota transplantation have shown some efficacy. To aid the development of novel microbiota-targeted therapies and to better understand the biology underpinning such treatments, we have used gnotobiotic mice to model microbiota manipulations in the context of microbiotas from humans with inflammatory bowel disease. Mice colonized with IBD donor-derived microbiotas exhibit a stereotypical set of phenotypes, characterized by abundant mucosal Th17 cells, a deficit in the tolerogenic RORγt+regulatory T (Treg) cell subset, and susceptibility to disease in colitis models. Transplanting healthy donor-derived microbiotas into mice colonized with human IBD microbiotas led to induction of RORγt+Treg cells, which was associated with an increase in the density of the microbiotas following transplant. Microbiota transplant reduced gut Th17 cells in mice colonized with a microbiota from a donor with Crohn’s disease. By culturing strains from this microbiota and screening them in vivo, we identified a specific strain that potently induces Th17 cells. Microbiota transplants reduced the relative abundance of this strain in the gut microbiota, which was correlated with a reduction in Th17 cells and protection from colitis.
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Inoue, Yuzaburo, and Naoki Shimojo. "Microbiome/microbiota and allergies." Seminars in Immunopathology 37, no. 1 (October 18, 2014): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-014-0453-5.
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Thomas, Linda V., Theo Ockhuizen, and Kaori Suzuki. "Exploring the influence of the gut microbiota and probiotics on health: a symposium report." British Journal of Nutrition 112, S1 (June 23, 2014): S1—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514001275.
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The present report describes the presentations delivered at the 7th International Yakult Symposium, ‘The Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics: Exploiting Their Influence on Health’, in London on 22–23 April 2013. The following two themes associated with health risks were covered: (1) the impact of age and diet on the gut microbiota and (2) the gut microbiota's interaction with the host. The strong influence of the maternal gut microbiota on neonatal colonisation was reported, as well as rapid changes in the gut microbiome of older people who move from community living to residential care. The effects of dietary changes on gut metabolism were described and the potential influence of inter-individual microbiota differences was noted, in particular the presence/absence of keystone species involved in butyrate metabolism. Several speakers highlighted the association between certain metabolic disorders and imbalanced or less diverse microbiota. Data from metagenomic analyses and novel techniques (including anex vivohuman mucosa model) provided new insights into the microbiota's influence on coeliac, obesity-related and inflammatory diseases, as well as the potential of probiotics.Akkermansia muciniphilaandFaecalibacterium prausnitziiwere suggested as targets for intervention. Host–microbiota interactions were explored in the context of gut barrier function, pathogenic bacteria recognition, and the ability of the immune system to induce either tolerogenic or inflammatory responses. There was speculation that the gut microbiota should be considered a separate organ, and whether analysis of an individual's microbiota could be useful in identifying their disease risk and/or therapy; however, more research is needed into specific diseases, different population groups and microbial interventions including probiotics.
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Viswanathan, Sathiyapriya, Sheetal Parida, Bhuvana Teja Lingipilli, Ramalingam Krishnan, Devendra Rao Podipireddy, and Nethaji Muniraj. "Role of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer and Drug Resistance." Pathogens 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2023): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030468.
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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The cause of cancer is multifactorial. An early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment of cancer can improve the chances of survival. Recent studies have shown that breast cancer is influenced by the microbiota. Different microbial signatures have been identified in the breast microbiota, which have different patterns depending on the stage and biological subgroups. The human digestive system contains approximately 100 trillion bacteria. The gut microbiota is an emerging field of research that is associated with specific biological processes in many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, brain disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. In this review article, we discuss the impact of the microbiota on breast cancer, with a primary focus on the gut microbiota’s regulation of the breast cancer microenvironment. Ultimately, updates on how immunotherapy can affect the breast cancer-based microbiome and further clinical trials on the breast and microbiome axis may be an important piece of the puzzle in better predicting breast cancer risk and prognosis.
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Costa, Amanda Garcia da, Juliana Pelosi Martins, Maria Carolina Sticanele de Souza, Giovanna Queiroz Marques de Mendonça, and Mariana Leite Resende. "IMPACT OF SKIN MICROBIOTA ON DERMATOLOGICAL HEALTH." Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v10i4.13449.
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A microbiota da pele descreve a comunidade diversificada de microrganismos que residem na superfície cutânea, desempenhando papeis cruciais na homeostase e na saúde da pele. Este ecossistema microbiano está implicado em várias funções fisiológicas, incluindo defesa imunológica, metabolismo de lipídios e regulação da resposta inflamatória. O equilíbrio dessa microbiota é fundamental para a integridade da barreira cutânea e a prevenção de doenças dermatológicas. Portanto, compreender o impacto da microbiota da pele na saúde dermatológica é essencial para desenvolver estratégias terapêuticas e preventivas eficazes. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é analisar criticamente a literatura existente sobre o papel da microbiota da pele na saúde dermatológica, destacando suas interações com doenças de pele comuns e os avanços no entendimento dessa relação. Metodologia: A revisão seguiu as diretrizes do PRISMA. Foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Os descritores utilizados incluíram "microbiota da pele", "saúde dermatológica", "doenças de pele", "interações microbianas" e "terapia microbiana". Critérios de inclusão: Estudos originais que investigaram a relação entre microbiota da pele e saúde dermatológica, publicados em periódicos revisados por pares nos últimos 10 anos. Critérios de exclusão: Estudos que não abordaram diretamente a relação entre microbiota da pele e saúde dermatológica, revisões não sistemáticas e estudos com amostras pequenas ou metodologias inadequadas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 estudos. Os resultados revelaram uma associação significativa entre a composição e diversidade da microbiota cutânea e várias condições dermatológicas, como acne, dermatite atópica e psoríase. Além disso, foram destacados os avanços na terapia microbiana, incluindo o uso de probióticos tópicos e terapias de microbioma para tratar ou prevenir doenças de pele. Conclusão: Esta revisão ressalta a importância da microbiota da pele na saúde dermatológica e destaca o potencial das abordagens terapêuticas direcionadas à modulação da microbiota para o tratamento de doenças de pele. No entanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para elucidar completamente as complexas interações entre a microbiota da pele e a saúde cutânea, bem como para desenvolver intervenções terapêuticas mais precisas e eficazes.
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Elechi, Jasper Okoro Godwin, Rosa Sirianni, Francesca Luisa Conforti, Erika Cione, and Michele Pellegrino. "Food System Transformation and Gut Microbiota Transition: Evidence on Advancing Obesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cancers—A Narrative Review." Foods 12, no. 12 (June 6, 2023): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12122286.
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Food, a vital component of our daily life, is fundamental to our health and well-being, and the knowledge and practices relating to food have been passed down from countless generations of ancestors. Systems may be used to describe this extremely extensive and varied body of agricultural and gastronomic knowledge that has been gathered via evolutionary processes. The gut microbiota also underwent changes as the food system did, and these alterations had a variety of effects on human health. In recent decades, the gut microbiome has gained attention due to its health benefits as well as its pathological effects on human health. Many studies have shown that a person’s gut microbiota partially determines the nutritional value of food and that diet, in turn, shapes both the microbiota and the microbiome. The current narrative review aims to explain how changes in the food system over time affect the makeup and evolution of the gut microbiota, advancing obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. After a brief discussion of the food system’s variety and the gut microbiota’s functions, we concentrate on the relationship between the evolution of food system transformation and gut microbiota system transition linked to the increase of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Finally, we also describe sustainable food system transformation strategies to ensure healthy microbiota composition recovery and maintain the host gut barrier and immune functions to reverse advancing NCDs.
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Souza, Priscila Agustinha Neves, Camila Cinto Lima, Nilson Ferrari Junior, Guilherme Guimarães Silva, Ana Laura Abreu Oliveira, Ana Caroline de Melo Gella, Paloma Luiza Rezende Novaes, Vinícius Freire Linares, Leonardo Fonseca Gondim, and Amanda Carolina Zicatti da Silveira. "Microbioma intestinal e doença renal crônica: uma relação emergente." Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde 23, no. 12 (December 22, 2023): e15054. http://dx.doi.org/10.25248/reas.e15054.2023.
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Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre as alterações no microbioma intestinal e a progressão da doença renal crônica (DRC), bem como as complicações associadas e as potenciais intervenções terapêuticas voltadas ao microbioma intestinal que poderiam ser efetivas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa, realizada por meio da plataforma de base de dados PubMed, com o intento de localizar fontes relevantes para o estudo. A pesquisa foi realizada através da estratégia de pesquisa (("Gastrointestinal Microbiome"[MeSH]) OR (Gut Microbiome)) AND ("Renal Insufficiency, Chronic"[MeSH]), para a busca dos artigos, resultando em 309 artigos iniciais. Dentre esses, devido aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 20 tornaram-se fontes oficiais. Resultados: Os estudos apontam que há uma estreita relação entre a microbiota intestinal e a progressão da Doença Renal Crônica, em que a modulação do eixo intestino-rim é um potencial alvo terapêutico. Considerações finais: A relação entre a microbiota intestinal e a DRC é evidente, porém, mais pesquisas na área são necessárias para esclarecimento e confirmação das hipóteses.
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Ojezele, M. O. "Microbiome: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug/xenobiotic interactions." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 21, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v21i2.1.
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The participation of microbiota in myriads of physiological, metabolic, genetic and immunological processes shows that they are a fundamental part of human existence and health maintenance. The efficiency of drugs’ absorption depends on solubility, stability, permeability and metabolic enzymes produced by the body and gut microbiota. Two major types of microbiota-drug interaction have been identified; direct and indirect. The use of antibiotics is a direct means of targeting intestinal microbes and short-term use of antibiotic can significantly alter the microbiome composition. It is noteworthy that not every microbial drug metabolism is of benefit to the host as some drugs can shut down microbial processes as observed in the co-administration of antiviral sorivudine with fluoropyridimide resulting in a toxic buildup of fluoropyridimide metabolites from blockade of host fluoropyridimide by the microbial-sorivudine metabolite. It has been reported that many classes of drugs and xenobiotics modify the gut microbiome composition which may be detrimental to human health. Microbiome-drug interaction may be beneficial or detrimental resulting in either treatment success or failure which is largely dependent on factors such as microbial enzymes, chemical composition of candidate drug, host immunity and the complex relationship that exists with the microbiome. The effects of microbiota on pharmacology of drugs and vice versa are discussed in this review.Keywords: microbiome; pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, drug, xenobiotic English Title: Microbiome: pharmacocinétique, pharmacodynamique et interactions médicamenteuses/xénobiotiquesLa participation du microbiote à des myriades de processus physiologiques, métaboliques, génétiques et immunologiques montre qu’ils sont un élément fondamental de l’existence et du maintien de la santé de l’être humain. L’efficacité de l’absorption des médicaments dépend de la solubilité, de la stabilité, de la perméabilité et des enzymes métaboliques produites par le corps et le microbiote intestinal. Deux types principaux d’interaction microbiote-médicament ont été identifiés; direct et indirect. L'utilisation d'antibiotiques est un moyen direct de cibler les microbes intestinaux et une utilisation à court terme d'antibiotique peut modifier de manière significative la composition du microbiome. Il est à noter que tous les métabolismes de médicaments microbiens ne sont pas bénéfiques pour l'hôte, car certains médicaments peuvent arrêter les processus microbiens observés lors de l'administration concomitante d'antiviral sorivudine et de fluoropyridimide, ce qui entraîne une accumulation toxique de métabolites de fluoropyridimide résultant du blocage du fluoropyridimide par l'hôte. métabolite microbien-sorivudine. Il a été rapporté que de nombreuses classes de médicaments et de xénobiotiques modifiaient la composition du microbiome intestinal, ce qui pourrait nuire à la santé humaine. Une interaction médicamenteuse-microbiome peut être bénéfique ou préjudiciable, entraînant le succès ou l'échec du traitement, qui dépend en grande partie de facteurs tels que les enzymes microbiennes, la composition chimique du médicament candidat, l'immunité de l'hôte et la relation complexe qui existe avec le microbiome. Les effets du microbiote sur la pharmacologie des médicaments et inversement sont discutés dans cette revue.Mots-clés: microbiome; pharmacocinétique, pharmacodynamique, médicament, xénobiotique
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Tonne, Piper, Deondre Do, Nabeeha Hasan, Sravya Gundapaneni, Ariya Reddy, Saadhana Sridharan, and Sierra Richardson. "The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Neuromodulation Therapies as a Potential Treatment Adjunct for Multiple Sclerosis." Berkeley Pharma Tech Journal of Medicine 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2021): 64–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52243/bptjm.v1i1.15.
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Gut microbiome research has surged in popularity over the past decade. These studies have found local and distal effects of micro organisms such as fungi and bacteria on human physiology, including the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential for gut microbiota to combat classical diseases such as clinical depression and autism spectrum disorder. The impact of gut-produced metabolites on the secretion of various cytokines has presented a new-found opportunity for future disease therapy through these micro-organisms. This review examines recent evidence for the use of gut bacteria in neurological rehabilitation, specifically for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Available data has shown overwhelming support for microbiota-based MS therapy, but the lack of comprehension regarding the specific physiological mechanisms of these microbiota suggests that clinical trials may be far off. Furthermore, there has been minimal research investigating the consequences of using microbiotic therapy in tandem with current therapies such as neurostimulation or drug therapy. Factors including the mechanisms and restorative capability of specific species of microbiota must be studied in depth in order to successfully manipulate the gut microbiome for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Pecin Bagon, Natalia, Jane Martha Graton Mikcha, and Paula Aline Zanetti Campanerut-Sá. "Correlação entre Aleitamento Materno e Microbioma: uma Revisão Sistemática." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n3p394-400.
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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de obter dados sobre a relação entre o aleitamento materno e o desenvolvimento do microbioma dos recém-nascidos, visto que a microbiota intestinal está envolvida, entre outras razões, com a saúde do hospedeiro e como ele reage a certas doenças na vida adulta. O microbioma se desenvolve a partir do nascimento, quando parte desse é adquirida pelo parto e a outra principal razão é o aleitamento materno. O papel fisiológico dos micro-organismos transferidos da mãe para o bebê ainda não está muito bem esclarecido na literatura. A pesquisa dos artigos foi realizada na base de dados on-line PubMed. Foram pesquisados artigos originais publicados entre julho de 2018 e junho de 2019 que avaliaram a influência do aleitamento materno no microbioma de bebês. A busca inicial na base de dados gerou 972 artigos. O título e o resumo de cada artigo foram analisados e aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sendo que 964 foram excluídos e divididos em categorias. Oito artigos foram selecionados para a revisão sobre o tema. A análise dos artigos selecionados demonstrou que o aleitamento materno é uma prática de extrema importância, pois o leite materno possui componentes e mecanismos capazes de proteger a criança de várias doenças e é uma fonte natural de lactobacilos, bifidobactérias e oligossacarídeos que auxiliam a regular e formar o microbioma intestinal infantil. Palavras-chave: Aleitamento Materno. Microbioma. Leite Materno. Microbiota. Abstract This work was developed in order to obtain data on the relationship between breastfeeding and the development of the newborn's microbiome, since the intestinal microbiota is involved, among other reasons, with the host’s health and how the same reacts to certain diseases in adult life. The microbiome develops from birth, when part of it is acquired through childbirth and the other main reason is breastfeeding. The microorganisms’ physiological role transferred from the mother to the baby is not well understood in the literature. The search for the articles was carried out in PubMed online database. Original articles published between July 2018 and June 2019 that evaluated the breastfeeding influence on the babies’ microbiome were searched. The initial database search generated 972 articles. The title and summary of each article were analyzed and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, being 964 excluded and divided into categories. Eight articles were selected for review on the topic. The analysis of the selected articles showed that breastfeeding is an extremely important practice, as breast milk has components and mechanisms capable of protecting the child from various diseases and is a natural source of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and oligosaccharides that help to regulate and form the infant intestinal microbiome. Keywords: Breastfeeding. Microbiome. Breast Milk. Microbiota.
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Khan, Israr, Yanrui Bai, Naeem Ullah, Guanlan Liu, Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka, and Chunjiang Zhang. "Differential Susceptibility of the Gut Microbiota to DSS Treatment Interferes in the Conserved Microbiome Association in Mouse Models of Colitis and Is Related to the Initial Gut Microbiota Difference." Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research 2022 (August 5, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7813278.
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Dysbiosis is a well-known factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the discovery of a conserved microbiome association in colitis is largely unknown. The study’s goal was to look into a core microbiome linked to DSS-induced colitis in mice, which could aid in the development of microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics. The dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced acute colitis model was established in mice in a controlled experimental setting, and the gut microbial community analysis from fecal samples was carried out on the Illumina MiSeq platform using the 16S rRNA gene. The findings revealed that the gut microbiota’s overall structure had changed dramatically in mice with DSS-induced colitis. However, this change was not consistent across all groups, as evidenced by the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score, which revealed that all DSS-treated groups D, M, TA, TC, and TH had different associated microbes as highly abundant taxa during the colitis period. Moreover, groups D and TA had more severe colitis pathology than the other groups. Finally, we discovered significant structural and compositional differences in the initial gut microbiota among DSS-treated groups, which could explain why each group’s associated microbiota pattern differed during colitis. In conclusion, the results showed that the gut microbiota alteration that occurred in DSS colitis is not confined to a specific core microbiome but varies concerning the group or individual animals’ initial gut microbiota structure and composition.
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Singh, Vineet, Youn-Chul Ryu, and Tatsuya Unno. "Dietary Intervention Induced Distinct Repercussions in Response to the Individual Gut Microbiota as Demonstrated by the In Vitro Fecal Fermentation of Beef." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 25, 2021): 6841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156841.
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Animals and humans have very different gut microbiota, and the human microbiota is unique to each individual. For these reasons, it is difficult to find a diet that provides all the nutrients according to individual requirements. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using simple in vitro fecal fermentation of digested food to evaluate fundamental differences in the gut metabolism of individuals with different microbiomes in response to specific dietary interventions. We fermented beef using six human fecal microbiotas, analyzed shifts in these microbiomes, and quantified short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in each system. Our results demonstrate that each microbiome responds with a unique shift in composition, SCFA production, and metabolic activity following 90 min of fecal fermentation of beef. Differentially abundant genera and metabolic activities varied among subjects. Only two subjects’ fecal microbiome showed no significant changes in their metabolic activity, while the other subjects’ microbial metagenome showed anywhere between 17 and 60 differences in their metabolism, including several changes associated with heart disease (i.e., depletion of oleate and palmitoleate biosynthesis). This study revealed the varying responses of each microbiome when exposed to digested beef, suggesting that this method could provide fundamental information in understanding personal nutrient requirements and the impact of changes in the individual gut microbiota on human health. Although further studies using larger study populations are required, this study describes a simple and cost-effective protocol for evaluating the interactions between specific dietary interventions and individual gut microbiota differences.
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Zhang, Bing, Jing Ren, Daode Yang, Shuoran Liu, and Xinguo Gong. "Comparative analysis and characterization of the gut microbiota of four farmed snakes from southern China." PeerJ 7 (March 29, 2019): e6658. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6658.
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Background The gut microbiota plays an important role in host immunity and metabolic homeostasis. Although analyses of gut microbiotas have been used to assess host health and foster disease prevention and treatment, no comparative comprehensive study, assessing gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snake, is yet available. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut microbiotas of four species of farmed snakes (Naja atra, Ptyas mucosa, Elaphe carinata, and Deinagkistrodon acutus) using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene in southern China and tested whether there was a relationship between gut microbiotal composition and host species. Results A total of 629 operational taxonomic units across 22 samples were detected. The five most abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria, while the five most abundant genera were Bacteroides, Cetobacterium, Clostridium, Plesiomonas, and Paeniclostridium. This was the first report of the dominance of Fusobacteria and Cetobacterium in the snake gut. Our phylogenetic analysis recovered a relatively close relationship between Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that species richness and diversity were highest in the gut microbiota of D. acutus and lowest in that of E. carinata. Significant differences in alpha diversity were detected among the four farmed snake species. The gut microbiotas of conspecifics were more similar to each other than to those of heterospecifics. Conclusion This study provides the first comparative study of gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snakes, and provides valuable data for the management of farmed snakes. In farmed snakes, host species affected the species composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.
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Baim, Adam D., Asadolah Movahedan, Asim V. Farooq, and Dimitra Skondra. "The microbiome and ophthalmic disease." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 6 (November 21, 2018): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370218813616.
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Progress in microbiome research has accelerated in recent years. Through the use of 16S rRNA assays and other genomic sequencing techniques, researchers have provided new insights about the communities of microorganisms that inhabit human and animal hosts. There is mounting evidence about the importance of these ‘microbiotas’ in a wide variety of disease states, suggesting potential targets for preventative and therapeutic interventions. Until recently, however, the microbiome received relatively little attention in ophthalmology. This review explores emerging research on the roles that ocular and extraocular microbiotas may play in the pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. These include diseases of the ocular surface as well as autoimmune uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and primary open angle glaucoma. Many questions remain about the potential impacts of microbiome research on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ophthalmic disease. In light of current findings, we suggest directions for future study as this exciting area of research continues to expand. Impact statement This review describes a growing body of research on relationships between the microbiome and eye disease. Several groups have investigated the microbiota of the ocular surface; dysregulation of this delicate ecosystem has been associated with a variety of pro-inflammatory states. Other research has explored the effects of the gastrointestinal microbiota on ophthalmic diseases. Characterizing the ways these microbiotas influence ophthalmic homeostasis and pathogenesis may lead to research on new techniques for managing ophthalmic disease.
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Cressman, Michael D., Zhongtang Yu, Michael C. Nelson, Steven J. Moeller, Michael S. Lilburn, and Henry N. Zerby. "Interrelations between the Microbiotas in the Litter and in the Intestines of Commercial Broiler Chickens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 19 (August 6, 2010): 6572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00180-10.
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ABSTRACT The intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens and the microbiota in the litter have been well studied, but the interactions between these two microbiotas remain to be determined. Therefore, we examined their reciprocal effects by analyzing the intestinal microbiotas of broilers reared on fresh pine shavings versus reused litter, as well as the litter microbiota over a 6-week cycle. Composite ileal mucosal and cecal luminal samples from birds (n = 10) reared with both litter conditions (fresh versus reused) were collected at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days of age. Litter samples were also collected at days 7, 14, 21, and 42. The microbiotas were profiled and compared within sample types based on litter condition using PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The microbiotas were further analyzed using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from microbiota DNA extracted from both chick intestinal and litter samples collected at day 7. Results showed significant reciprocal effects between the microbiotas present in the litter and those in the intestines of broilers. Fresh litter had more environmental bacteria, while reused litter contained more bacteria of intestinal origin. Lactobacillus spp. dominated the ileal mucosal microbiota of fresh-litter chicks, while a group of bacteria yet to be classified within Clostridiales dominated in the ileal mucosal microbiota in the reused-litter chicks. The Litter condition (fresh versus reused) seemed to have a more profound impact on the ileal microbiota than on the cecal microbiota. The data suggest that the influence of fresh litter on ileal microbiota decreased as broilers grew, compared with temporal changes observed under reused-litter rearing conditions.
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Pedicord, Virginia Anh, Benjamin S. Beresford-Jones, Samuel C. Forster, Mark D. Stares, George Notley, Elisa Viciani, Hilary P. Browne, et al. "Extensive culturing and metagenomics enable functional and taxonomic comparison of mouse and human gut microbiotas." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 27.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.27.13.
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Abstract The gut microbiota has been identified as a leading cause of irreproducibility in mouse models, but current resources are insufficient to address this core challenge in immunology research. Furthermore, although mouse models are central tools for biomedical science, it is not known how the bacteria in the mouse gut – important determinants of immunological phenotypes – affect their ability to recapitulate human disease. To better characterise the mouse gut microbiota and facilitate its functional and taxonomic comparison to the human microbiota, we developed the Mouse Microbial Genome Collection (MMGC), the most comprehensive representation of the global laboratory mouse microbiome to date. The MMGC is a repository of 276 genomes from cultured isolates and 18,075 non-redundant, near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) reassembled from 1,960 mouse metagenomes. Using the MMGC, we define species-level signatures of inter-institutional variation in the mouse gut microbiota and provide a roadmap to achieve more relevant and reproducible mouse models. In addition, we confirm that while only 2.65% of bacterial species are common to human and mouse gut microbiotas, over 80% of annotatable functions are shared between hosts. The MMGC further enables the identification of functionally equivalent taxa in the mouse and human gut microbiotas, which we illustrate by comparing the pathways for butyrate synthesis and drug metabolism as proof-of-concept examples. In conclusion, the MMGC facilitates unprecedented insights into the mouse gut microbiota and enhances the use of mouse models in immunology research by providing access to the conservation status and taxonomic locations of microbial functions of interest.
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Kang, Yongbo, Yue Cai, and Ying Yang. "The Gut Microbiome and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Early Diagnostic Biomarkers and Novel Therapies." Liver Cancer 11, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000521358.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the third place among all causes inducing cancer-associated mortality, worldwide. HCC nearly exclusively occurs in cases suffering from chronic liver disease (CLD), which results from the vicious cycle of liver damage, inflammation, and regeneration possibly lasting for dozens of years. Recently, more and more investigation on microbiome-gut-liver axis enhances our understanding toward how gut microbiota promotes liver disease and even HCC development. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the effect of gut microbiota on promoting HCC occurrence, with the focus on key pathways such as bacterial dysbiosis, leaky gut, bacterial metabolites, and microorganism-related molecular patterns, which promote liver inflammation, genotoxicity, and fibrosis that finally lead to cancer occurrence. Furthermore, we discuss gut microbiota’s important potential to be the early diagnostic biomarker for HCC. Gut microbiota may be the candidate targets to simultaneously prevent CLD and HCC occurrence among advanced liver disease cases. We outlook the gut microbiota-targeting treatments in detail to prevent CLD and HCC progression.
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Bell, Julia A., Jamie J. Kopper, Judy A. Turnbull, Nicholas I. Barbu, Alice J. Murphy, and Linda S. Mansfield. "Ecological Characterization of the Colonic Microbiota of Normal and Diarrheic Dogs." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2008 (2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/149694.
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We used terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis to assess (1) stability of the fecal microbiota in dogs living in environments characterized by varying degrees of exposure to factors that might alter the microbiota and (2) changes in the microbiota associated with acute episodes of diarrhea. Results showed that the healthy canine GI tract harbors potential enteric pathogens. Dogs living in an environment providing minimal exposure to factors that might alter the microbiota had similar microbiotas; the microbiotas of dogs kept in more variable environments were more variable. Substantial changes in the microbiota occurred during diarrheic episodes, including increased levels ofClostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, andEnterococcus faecium. When diet and medications of a dog having a previously stable microbiota were changed repeatedly, the microbiota also changed repeatedly. Temporal trend analysis showed directional changes in the microbiota after perturbation, a return to the starting condition, and then fluctuating changes over time.
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Junior, Sandoval Fernando Cardoso de Freitas, Sara Regina Moura de Freitas, Olavo Wesley Alves Torres da Silva, Carla Isadora de Melo Nogueira, Thiago Ferreira dos Santos, Danilo Gonçalves de Brito, Laura Beatriz da Silva Santos, et al. "CONEXÕES ENTRE MICROBIOMA INTESTINAL E SAÚDE CEREBRAL." Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences 6, no. 3 (March 9, 2024): 674–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2024v6n3p674-692.
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A relação entre o microbioma intestinal e a saúde cerebral têm emergido como uma área fascinante de pesquisa, revelando interações complexas que transcendem os limites tradicionais entre o sistema digestivo e o sistema nervoso. Essa interconexão, conhecida como o eixo intestino-cérebro, influência não apenas a saúde gastrointestinal, mas também desempenha um papel crucial nas funções cognitivas e emocionais. Este vínculo dinâmico entre a composição microbiana do intestino e a saúde cerebral abre novas perspectivas para intervenções terapêuticas e estratégias de promoção da saúde mental. Objetivos: Explorar a interligação entre o microbioma intestinal e a saúde cerebral, identificando como a composição e função da microbiota impactam diretamente processos neurobiológicos. Metodologia: Foi realizada a leitura dos artigos encontrados, mediante a observação os artigos foram submetidos a critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, dentro os de inclusão foram considerados artigos originais, que abordassem o tema pesquisado e permitissem acesso integral ao conteúdo do estudo, publicados no período de 2016 a 2024, em português e em inglês. A pesquisa foi realizada através do acesso online nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) no mês de fevereiro de 2024. Resultados e Discussões: A influência significativa do microbioma intestinal na saúde cerebral, sem a utilização de modelos animais. Observou-se que a redução da diversidade microbiota associada a condições neuropsiquiátricas, está correlacionada com um aumento nos níveis de cortisol e inflamação em indivíduos com transtorno depressivo grave, enfatizando a importância do equilíbrio microbiota-intestino-cérebro. Além disso, evidências clínicas apontam que dietas específicas, como a mediterrânea, desempenham um papel crucial na promoção da diversidade microbiana e na redução de sintomas depressivos em seres humanos. A conexão entre o eixo intestino-cérebro foi enfatizada, destacando a importância de práticas como meditação na regulação do estresse e sua influência benéfica na microbiota. Conclusão: Em síntese, aprofundamos a compreensão das intricadas conexões entre o microbioma intestinal e a saúde cerebral. Os resultados destacam a relevância dessas interações na modulação de condições neuropsiquiátricas, abrindo portas para intervenções terapêuticas inovadoras. Sem desconsiderar a complexidade do tema, as estratégias terapêuticas exploradas, desde suplementação até modulação dietética, prometem contribuir significativamente para a promoção da saúde mental.
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Kim, Eun Sil, Bo Hyun Yoon, Seung Min Lee, Min Choi, Eun Hye Kim, Byong-Wook Lee, Sang-Yeob Kim, et al. "Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates atherosclerosis in mice with C1q/TNF-related protein 9 genetic deficiency." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 54, no. 2 (February 2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-022-00728-w.
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AbstractDespite the strong influence of the gut microbiota on atherosclerosis, a causal relationship between atherosclerosis pathophysiology and gut microbiota is still unverified. This study was performed to determine the impact of the gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis caused by genetic deficiency. To elucidate the influence of the gut microbiota on atherosclerosis pathogenesis, an atherosclerosis-prone mouse model (C1q/TNF-related protein 9-knockout (CTRP9-KO) mice) was generated. The gut microbial compositions of CTRP9-KO and WT control mice were compared. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to confirm the association between gut microbial composition and the progression of atherosclerosis. FMT largely affected the gut microbiota in both CTRP9-KO and WT mice, and all transplanted mice acquired the gut microbiotas of the donor mice. Atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries were decreased in transplanted CTRP9-KO mice compared to CTRP9-KO mice prior to transplantation. Conversely, WT mice transplanted with the gut microbiotas of CTRP9-KO mice showed the opposite effect as that of CTRP9-KO mice transplanted with the gut microbiotas of WT mice. Here, we show that CTRP9 gene deficiency is related to the distribution of the gut microbiota in subjects with atherosclerosis. Transplantation of WT microbiotas into CTRP9-KO mice protected against the progression of atherosclerosis. Conversely, the transplantation of CTRP9-KO microbiotas into WT mice promoted the progression of atherosclerosis. Treating atherosclerosis by restoring gut microbial homeostasis may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Singh, Nakul, and Neena B. Haider. "Microbiota, Microbiome, and Retinal Diseases." International Ophthalmology Clinics 62, no. 2 (2022): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iio.0000000000000418.
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Yardeni, Tal, Ceylan E. Tanes, Kyle Bittinger, Lisa M. Mattei, Patrick M. Schaefer, Larry N. Singh, Gary D. Wu, Deborah G. Murdock, and Douglas C. Wallace. "Host mitochondria influence gut microbiome diversity: A role for ROS." Science Signaling 12, no. 588 (July 2, 2019): eaaw3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aaw3159.
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Changes in the gut microbiota and the mitochondrial genome are both linked with the development of disease. To investigate why, we examined the gut microbiota of mice harboring various mutations in genes that alter mitochondrial function. These studies revealed that mitochondrial genetic variations altered the composition of the gut microbiota community. In cross-fostering studies, we found that although the initial microbiota community of newborn mice was that obtained from the nursing mother, the microbiota community progressed toward that characteristic of the microbiome of unfostered pups of the same genotype within 2 months. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA variants associated with altered gut microbiota suggested that microbiome species diversity correlated with host reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. To determine whether the abundance of ROS could alter the gut microbiota, mice were aged, treated with N-acetylcysteine, or engineered to express the ROS scavenger catalase specifically within the mitochondria. All three conditions altered the microbiota from that initially established. Thus, these data suggest that the mitochondrial genotype modulates both ROS production and the species diversity of the gut microbiome, implying that the connection between the gut microbiome and common disease phenotypes might be due to underlying changes in mitochondrial function.
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Zubeldia-Varela, E., TC Barker-Tejeda, D. Obeso, A. Villaseñor, D. Barber, and M. Pérez-Gordo. "Microbiome and Allergy: New Insights and Perspectives." Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology 32, no. 5 (October 10, 2022): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.0852.
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The role of the microbiome in the molecular mechanisms underlying allergy has become highly relevant in recent years. Studies are increasingly suggesting that altered composition of the microbiota, or dysbiosis, may result in local and systemic alteration of the immune response to specific allergens. In this regard, a link has been established between lung microbiota and respiratory allergy, between skin microbiota and atopic dermatitis, and between gut microbiota and food allergy. The composition of the human microbiota is dynamic and depends on host-associated factors such as diet, diseases, and lifestyle. Omics are the techniques of choice for the analysis and understanding of the microbiota. Microbiota analysis techniques have advanced considerably in recent decades, and the need for multiple approaches to explore and comprehend multifactorial diseases, including allergy, has increased. Thus, more and more studies are proposing mechanisms for intervention in the microbiota. In this review, we present the latest advances with respect to the human microbiota in the literature, focusing on the intestinal, cutaneous, and respiratory microbiota. We discuss the relationship between the microbiome and the immune system, with emphasis on allergic diseases. Finally, we discuss the main technologies for the study of the microbiome and interventions targeting the microbiota for prevention of allergy.
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Wang, Jiani, Jian Li, and Yong Ji. "Mendelian randomization as a cornerstone of causal inference for gut microbiota and related diseases from the perspective of bibliometrics." Medicine 103, no. 26 (June 28, 2024): e38654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000038654.
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Gut microbiota, a special group of microbiotas in the human body, contributes to health in a way that can’t be ignored. In recent years, Mendelian randomization, which is a widely used and successful method of analyzing causality, has been investigated for the relationship between the gut microbiota and related diseases. Unfortunately, there seems to be a shortage of systematic bibliometric analysis in this field. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the research progress of Mendelian randomization for gut microbiota through comprehensive bibliometric analysis. In this study, publications about Mendelian randomization for gut microbiota were gathered from 2013 to 2023, utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection as our literature source database. The search strategies were as follows: TS = (intestinal flora OR gut flora OR intestinal microflora OR gut microflora OR intestinal microbiota OR gut microbiota OR bowel microbiota OR bowel flora OR gut bacteria OR intestinal tract bacteria OR bowel bacteria OR gut metabolites OR gut microbiota) and TS = (Mendelian randomization). VOSviewer (version 1.6.18), CiteSpace (version 6.1.R1), Microsoft Excel 2021, and Scimago Graphica were employed for bibliometric and visualization analysis. According to research, from January 2013 to August 2023, 154 publications on Mendelian randomization for gut microbiota were written by 1053 authors hailing from 332 institutions across 31 countries and published in 86 journals. China had the highest number of publications, with 109. Frontiers in Microbiology is the most prolific journal, and Lei Zhang has published the highest number of significant articles. The most popular keywords were “Mendelian randomization,” “gut microbiota,” “instruments,” “association,” “causality,” “gut microbiome,” “risk,” “bias,” “genome-wide association,” and “causal relationship.” Moreover, the current research hotspots in this field focus on utilizing a 2-sample Mendelian randomization to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and associated disorders. This research systematically reveals a comprehensive overview of the literature that has been published over the last 10 years about Mendelian randomization for gut microbiota. Moreover, the knowledge of key information in the field from a bibliometric perspective may greatly facilitate future research in the field.
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Hajjo, Rima, Dima A. Sabbah, and Abdel Qader Al Bawab. "Unlocking the Potential of the Human Microbiome for Identifying Disease Diagnostic Biomarkers." Diagnostics 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071742.
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The human microbiome encodes more than three million genes, outnumbering human genes by more than 100 times, while microbial cells in the human microbiota outnumber human cells by 10 times. Thus, the human microbiota and related microbiome constitute a vast source for identifying disease biomarkers and therapeutic drug targets. Herein, we review the evidence backing the exploitation of the human microbiome for identifying diagnostic biomarkers for human disease. We describe the importance of the human microbiome in health and disease and detail the use of the human microbiome and microbiota metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers for multiple diseases, including cancer, as well as inflammatory, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Thus, the human microbiota has enormous potential to pave the road for a new era in biomarker research for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The scientific community needs to collaborate to overcome current challenges in microbiome research concerning the lack of standardization of research methods and the lack of understanding of causal relationships between microbiota and human disease.
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He, Shiyue, Fengyu Lin, Xinyue Hu, and Pinhua Pan. "Gut Microbiome-Based Therapeutics in Critically Ill Adult Patients—A Narrative Review." Nutrients 15, no. 22 (November 9, 2023): 4734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15224734.
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The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the human microenvironment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in critically ill patients. Therefore, utilizing intestinal microbiota to prevent complications and improve the prognosis of critically ill patients is a possible therapeutic direction. The gut microbiome-based therapeutics approach focuses on improving intestinal microbiota homeostasis by modulating its diversity, or treating critical illness by altering the metabolites of intestinal microbiota. There is growing evidence that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), selective digestive decontamination (SDD), and microbiota-derived therapies are all effective treatments for critical illness. However, different treatments are appropriate for different conditions, and more evidence is needed to support the selection of optimal gut microbiota-related treatments for different diseases. This narrative review summarizes the curative effects and limitations of microbiome-based therapeutics in different critically ill adult patients, aiming to provide possible directions for gut microbiome-based therapeutics for critically ill patients such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and COVID-19, etc.
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Barfod, Kenneth Klingenberg, Katleen Vrankx, Hengameh Chloé Mirsepasi-Lauridsen, Jitka Stilund Hansen, Karin Sørig Hougaard, Søren Thor Larsen, Arthur C. Ouwenhand, and Karen Angeliki Krogfelt. "The Murine Lung Microbiome Changes During Lung Inflammation and Intranasal Vancomycin Treatment." Open Microbiology Journal 9, no. 1 (November 3, 2015): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010167.
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Most microbiome research related to airway diseases has focused on the gut microbiome. This is despite advances in culture independent microbial identification techniques revealing that even healthy lungs possess a unique dynamic microbiome. This conceptual change raises the question; if lung diseases could be causally linked to local dysbiosis of the local lung microbiota. Here, we manipulate the murine lung and gut microbiome, in order to show that the lung microbiota can be changed experimentally. We have used four different approaches: lung inflammation by exposure to carbon nano-tube particles, oral probiotics and oral or intranasal exposure to the antibiotic vancomycin. Bacterial DNA was extracted from broncho-alveolar and nasal lavage fluids, caecum samples and compared by DGGE. Our results show that: the lung microbiota is sex dependent and not just a reflection of the gut microbiota, and that induced inflammation can change lung microbiota. This change is not transferred to offspring. Oral probiotics in adult mice do not change lung microbiome detectible by DGGE. Nasal vancomycin can change the lung microbiome preferentially, while oral exposure does not. These observations should be considered in future studies of the causal relationship between lung microbiota and lung diseases.
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Ugrayová, Simona, Peter Švec, Ivan Hric, Sára Šardzíková, Libuša Kubáňová, Adela Penesová, Jaroslava Adamčáková, et al. "Gut Microbiome Suffers from Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood and Its Characteristics Are Positively Associated with Intra-Hospital Physical Exercise." Biology 11, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11050785.
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Gut microbiome impairment is a serious side effect of cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment on gut microbiota composition in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Fecal microbiotas were categorized using specific primers targeting the V1–V3 region of 16S rDNA in eligible pediatric ALL patients after HSCT (n = 16) and in healthy controls (Ctrl, n = 13). An intra-hospital exercise program was also organized for child patients during HSCT treatment. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition were observed between ALL HSCT and Ctrl with further negative effects. Plasma C-reactive protein correlated positively with the pathogenic bacteria Enterococcus spp. and negatively with beneficial bacteria Butyriccocus spp. or Akkermansia spp., respectively (rs = 0.511, p = 0.05; rs = −0.541, p = 0.04; rs = −0.738, p = 0.02). Bacterial alpha diversity correlated with the exercise training characteristics. Therefore, specific changes in the microbiota of children were associated with systemic inflammation or the ability to exercise physically during HSCT treatment.
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Ruiz-Rodríguez, Magdalena, Manuel Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel Martínez-Bueno, and Juan José Soler. "Gut Microbiota of Great Spotted Cuckoo Nestlings is a Mixture of Those of Their Foster Magpie Siblings and of Cuckoo Adults." Genes 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080381.
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Diet and host genetic or evolutionary history are considered the two main factors determining gut microbiota of animals, although studies are scarce in natural populations. The system of great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) parasitizing magpies (Pica pica) is ideal to study both effects since magpie adults feed cuckoo and magpie nestlings with the same diet and, consequently, differences in gut microbiota of nestlings of these two species will mainly reflect the importance of genetic components. Moreover, the diet of adults and of nestling cuckoos drastically differ from each other and, thus, differences and similarities in their microbiotas would respectively reflect the effect of environmental and genetic factors. We used next-generation sequencing technologies to analyze the gut microbiota of cuckoo adults and nestlings and of magpie nestlings. The highest α-diversity estimates appeared in nestling cuckoos and the lowest in nestling magpies. Moreover, despite the greatest differences in the microbiome composition of magpies and cuckoos of both ages, cuckoo nestlings harbored a mixture of the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) present in adult cuckoos and nestling magpies. We identified the bacterial taxa responsible for such results. These results suggest important phylogenetic components determining gut microbiome of nestlings, and that diet might be responsible for similarities between gut microbiome of cuckoo and magpie nestlings that allow cuckoos to digest food provided by magpie adults.
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Thye, Angel Yun-Kuan, Jodi Woan-Fei Law, Loh Teng-Hern Tan, Sivakumar Thurairajasingam, Kok-Gan Chan, Vengadesh Letchumanan, and Learn-Han Lee. "Exploring the Gut Microbiome in Myasthenia Gravis." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081647.
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The human gut microbiota is vital for maintaining human health in terms of immune system homeostasis. Perturbations in the composition and function of microbiota have been associated with several autoimmune disorders, including myasthenia gravis (MG), a neuromuscular condition associated with varying weakness and rapid fatigue of the skeletal muscles triggered by the host’s antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in the postsynaptic muscle membrane at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). It is hypothesized that perturbation of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of MG. The gut microbiota community profiles are usually generated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared to healthy individuals, MG participants had an altered gut microbiota’s relative abundance of bacterial taxa, particularly with a drop in Clostridium. The microbial diversity related to MG severity and the overall fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were lower in MG subjects. Changes were also found in terms of serum biomarkers and fecal metabolites. A link was found between the bacterial Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU), some metabolite biomarkers, and MG’s clinical symptoms. There were also variations in microbial and metabolic markers, which, in combination, could be used as an MG diagnostic tool, and interventions via fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) could affect MG development. Probiotics may influence MG by restoring the gut microbiome imbalance, aiding the prevention of MG, and lowering the risk of gut inflammation by normalizing serum biomarkers. Hence, this review will discuss how alterations of gut microbiome composition and function relate to MG and the benefits of gut modulation.
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Li, Jing, Jingtao Li, Na Lyu, Yue Ma, Fei Liu, Yuqing Feng, Li Yao, et al. "Composition of fecal microbiota in low-set rectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 11 (January 2020): 204062232090429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2040622320904293.
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Background: FOLFOX treatment is a method used widely to reduce tumor size in low-set rectal cancer, with variable clinical results. FOLFOX agents comprise a mixture of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil, the efficacy of which might be modulated by the gut microbiome in humans. This study aimed to determine whether the bowel microbiota is a factor that influences FOLFOX treatment. Methods: To investigate the role of gut microbiota during FOLFOX treatment, we carried out comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on 62 fecal samples collected from 37 low-set rectal cancer patients. A set of 31 samples was collected before the patients underwent treatment; another 31 samples were obtained after the treatment was completed. Among these samples, 50 were paired samples collected before and after FOLFOX treatment. The patients were divided into responder and nonresponder groups according to the treatment outcome. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on these fecal samples. Diverse bacterial taxa were identified by MetaGeneMark, Soapaligner, and DIAMOND; microbiotal data analyses were carried out in the R environment. Differences in microbial taxa and metagenomic linkage groups were observed in multiple comparative analyses. Results: The gut microbiota was altered after treatment. Compared with before treatment, the changes in bacterial diversity and microbiotal composition after treatment were more apparent in the responder group than in the nonresponder group. Bacterial species analysis revealed a group of gut bacteria in multiple comparisons, with a group of eight specific species being associated with the outcome of FOLFOX treatment. Responders and nonresponders before treatment were clearly separated based on this bacterial subset. Finally, the metagenomic linkage group network and metabolomic analyses based on the genomic data confirmed a more significant change in the gut microbiota during FOLFOX treatment in the responder group than in the nonresponder group. Conclusions: Overall, our results describe a dynamic process of gut microbiotal changes from the start to the end of FOLFOX treatment, and verified a close relationship between microbiota and treatment outcome. Recognition of the significance of microbiotal intervention before FOLFOX treatment for low-set rectal cancer may improve the effects of these agents.
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Hurenko, O. O., and S. B. Drozdovska. "Effect of Exercise on Intestinal Microbium and Insulin Resistance in Person with Metabolic Syndrome." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 5 (October 24, 2020): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.324.
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Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. They include obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Central obesity and resistance to insulin, in particular, are recognized as causative factors, which form the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a progressive and genetically determined condition. The result of its progression is that carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism break down. The intestinal microbiome has a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. One of the methods of influencing the micribiotic composition is the physical activity. The human intestinal microbiome is a complex ecosystem consisting not only of microorganisms, but also including bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. Biodiversity and the overall composition of the microbiota play a crucial role in maintaining normal homeostasis in the human body. With the recent advent of the possibility of studying the intestinal microbiome, the impact on its taxonomic composition and metabolism through exercise is the subject of scientific interest. Recent studies showed that the intestinal microbiota was directly involved in the formation of the metabolic syndrome. The function of the microbiome is just as important as the function of the "metabolic organs" that affect energy homeostasis and control body weight. In addition, changes in the intestinal microbiotic composition lead to increased intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, which plays a role in the development of chronic inflammation in the host, contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome and related chronic metabolic diseases. Intestinal microbiota in its own right is injected into the development of systemic inflammation in obesity, such a rank, inappropriate insertions in development or regression of insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in metabolic syndrome. Physical activity can affect not only the composition of the microbial composition, but also the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiome. The health-improving effect of physical exercises is connected with their ability to change the composition of an intestinal microbiota. Studies involving professional athletes and a specially selected control group indicated that athletes had a lower pro-inflammatory status and a high degree of bacterial diversity. Due to this, there is a positive dynamics of improving carbohydrate metabolism and the impact on the course of pathological processes associated with the metabolic syndrome, through the introduction of regular physical activity. Conclusion. The literature review presents data on the metabolic syndrome, its pathogenesis and components of the spectrum of development of metabolic disorders. We also analyzed material on influence of gut microbiota on development of metabolic disturbances and inreraction of structure of a microbiotic composition with physical exercises
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Liu, Xiaoyan, Yi Liu, Junlin Liu, Hantao Zhang, Chaofan Shan, Yinglu Guo, Xun Gong, Mengmeng Cui, Xiubin Li, and Min Tang. "Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence." Neural Regeneration Research 19, no. 4 (August 14, 2023): 833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.382223.
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A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota’s diverse microorganisms, and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, we discuss the role of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Zakharova, I. N., I. V. Berezhnaya, E. V. Skorobogatova, D. K. Dmitrieva, M. A. Chernyaeva, and D. M. Kurbakova. "Infant microbiota formation: mother – placenta – fetus – baby." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (February 27, 2024): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-002.
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Gut microbiota is one of the main components that influence human health status. The gut microflora begins to establish as early as the prenatal period, however, the most intensive colonization of the infant by maternal and environment microorganisms occurs during the intranatal and postnatal periods. The mother-placenta-fetus system lays the foundation for early formation of microbiota. The maternal microbiota starts changing during pregnancy in order to modify metabolism to make it more favourable to the fetus, and continues throughout pregnancy, influencing the incubation of the fetus's own microbiota. The development of the fetal microbiome is also affected by the microbiome of the uterus, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord, although these organs were previously thought to be sterile, like the fetal gut. Multi-year research findings refuted these assertions and proved the existence of a separate meconium microbiome, which does not coincide with the maternal microbiota. The postnatal factors, such as mode of delivery and type of infant feeding, also influence the development of the gut microbiota. Vaginal birth exposes infants to maternal vaginal microbiota. During cesarean section, infants are exposed to environmental microbiota, which disrupts natural microbial colonization. Breast milk has its own microbiome, which can change and adapt to the infant needs. Exclusive breastfeeding affects Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides colonization rates, which metabolize breast milk oligosaccharides, producing short-chain fatty acids as a byproduct. Probiotic therapy can be used to maintain sufficient levels of Bifidobacterium to form a healthy microbiota. This review presents the stages and conditions for the formation of the infant’s gut microbiota, as well as the relationship between them in the course of ontogenesis.
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Li, Daiying. "GMCVD: Detecting key modulating gut microbiota that contribute the cardiovascular disease risk toward personalized prevention." Theoretical and Natural Science 24, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/24/20231135.
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Nowadays, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death and disabilities worldwide. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the most life-threatening subtypes of CVD. Recently, an increasing number of studies start to focus on the correlation and prediction of CVD based on the information of gut microbiome. In this study, by applying explanatory machine learning model, random forest-based computational pipeline called Gut Microbiome for CardioVascular Disease (GMCVD) was developed to conduct the ASCVD prediction and feature ranking. The top key several modulating gut microbiotas from genus and species levels Ire identified based on their strong contribution and correlation to the risk of CVD. These key disrupted microbiotas Ire validated by several external experimental studies, which demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the machine learning based CVD risk prediction pipeline. With the detection of those specific modulating gut microbiotas, the personalized prevention method to reduce ASCVD risk using probiotics is provided based on varied microbiotas including Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, and Bacteroides. Therefore, GMCVD will facilitate the personalized prevention via gut microbiota to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Gupta, Nishant, Virendra Kumar Yadav, Amel Gacem, M. Al-Dossari, Krishna Kumar Yadav, N. S. Abd El-Gawaad, Nidhal Ben Khedher, Nisha Choudhary, Pankaj Kumar, and Simona Cavalu. "Deleterious Effect of Air Pollution on Human Microbial Community and Bacterial Flora: A Short Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315494.
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A balanced microbiota composition is requisite for normal physiological functions of the human body. However, several environmental factors such as air pollutants may perturb the human microbiota composition. It is noticeable that currently around 99% of the world’s population is breathing polluted air. Air pollution’s debilitating health impacts have been studied scrupulously, including in the human gut microbiota. Nevertheless, air pollution’s impact on other microbiotas of the human body is less understood so far. In the present review, the authors have summarized and discussed recent studies’ outcomes related to air pollution-driven microbiotas’ dysbiosis (including oral, nasal, respiratory, gut, skin, and thyroid microbiotas) and its potential multi-organ health risks.
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Safari, Zahra, Aurélia Bruneau, Magali Monnoye, Mahendra Mariadassou, Catherine Philippe, Kurt Zatloukal, and Philippe Gérard. "Murine Genetic Background Overcomes Gut Microbiota Changes to Explain Metabolic Response to High-Fat Diet." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020287.
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Interactions of diet, gut microbiota, and host genetics play essential roles in the development of metabolic diseases. A/J and C57BL/6J (C57) are two mouse strains known to display different susceptibilities to metabolic disorders. In this context, we analyzed gut microbiota composition in A/J and C57 mice, and assessed its responses to high-fat diet (HFD) and antibiotic (AB) treatment. We also exchanged the gut microbiota between the two strains following AB treatment to evaluate its impact on the metabolism. We showed that A/J and C57 mice have different microbiome structure and composition at baseline. Moreover, A/J and C57 microbiomes responded differently to HFD and AB treatments. Exchange of the gut microbiota between the two strains was successful as recipients’ microbiota resembled donor-strain microbiota. Seven weeks after inoculation, the differences between recipients persisted and were still closer from the donor-strain microbiota. Despite effective microbiota transplants, the response to HFD was not markedly modified in C57 and A/J mice. Particularly, body weight gain and glucose intolerance in response to HFD remained different in the two mouse strains whatever the changes in microbiome composition. This indicated that genetic background has a much stronger impact on metabolic responses to HFD than gut microbiome composition.
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Smits, Samuel A., Angela Marcobal, Steven Higginbottom, Justin L. Sonnenburg, and Purna C. Kashyap. "Individualized Responses of Gut Microbiota to Dietary Intervention Modeled in Humanized Mice." mSystems 1, no. 5 (September 6, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00098-16.
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ABSTRACT Dietary modification has long been used empirically to modify symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and a diverse group of diseases with gastrointestinal symptoms. There is both anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that individuals respond quite differently to similar dietary changes, and the highly individualized nature of the gut microbiota makes it a prime candidate for these differences. To overcome the typical confounding factors of human dietary interventions, here we employ ex-germfree mice colonized by microbiotas of three different humans to test how different microbiotas respond to a defined change in carbohydrate content of diet by measuring changes in microbiota composition and function using marker gene-based next-generation sequencing and metabolomics. Our findings suggest that the same diet has very different effects on each microbiota’s membership and function, which may in turn explain interindividual differences in response to a dietary ingredient. Diet plays an important role in shaping the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The microbes and microbial products in turn can influence various aspects of host physiology. One promising route to affect host function and restore health is by altering the gut microbiome using dietary intervention. The individuality of the microbiome may pose a significant challenge, so we sought to determine how different microbiotas respond to the same dietary intervention in a controlled setting. We modeled gut microbiotas from three healthy donors in germfree mice and defined compositional and functional alteration following a change in dietary microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). The three gut communities exhibited responses that differed markedly in magnitude and in the composition of microbiota-derived metabolites. Adjustments in community membership did not correspond to the magnitude of changes in the microbial metabolites, highlighting potential challenges in predicting functional responses from compositional data and the need to assess multiple microbiota parameters following dietary interventions. IMPORTANCE Dietary modification has long been used empirically to modify symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and a diverse group of diseases with gastrointestinal symptoms. There is both anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that individuals respond quite differently to similar dietary changes, and the highly individualized nature of the gut microbiota makes it a prime candidate for these differences. To overcome the typical confounding factors of human dietary interventions, here we employ ex-germfree mice colonized by microbiotas of three different humans to test how different microbiotas respond to a defined change in carbohydrate content of diet by measuring changes in microbiota composition and function using marker gene-based next-generation sequencing and metabolomics. Our findings suggest that the same diet has very different effects on each microbiota’s membership and function, which may in turn explain interindividual differences in response to a dietary ingredient. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.
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Pocheron, Anne-Lise, Gwenola Le Dréan, Helene Billard, Thomas Moyon, Anthony Pagniez, Christine Heberden, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Dominique Darmaun, Catherine Michel, and Patricia Parnet. "Maternal Microbiota Transfer Programs Offspring Eating Behavior." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (June 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.672224.
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Understanding the link between mother’s obesity and regulation of the child’s appetite is a prerequisite for the design of successful preventive strategies. Beyond the possible contributions of genetic heritage, family culture, and hormonal and metabolic environment during pregnancy, we investigate in the present paper the causal role of the transmission of the maternal microbiotas in obesity as microbiotas differ between lean and obese mothers, maternal microbiotas are the main determinants of a baby’s gut colonization, and the intestinal microbiota resulting from the early colonization could impact the feeding behavior of the offspring with short- and long-term consequences on body weight. We thus investigated the potential role of vertical transfers of maternal microbiotas in programming the eating behavior of the offspring. Selectively bred obese-prone (OP)/obese-resistant (OR) Sprague-Dawley dams were used since differences in the cecal microbiota have been evidenced from males of that strain. Microbiota collected from vagina (at the end of gestation), feces, and milk (at postnatal days 1, 5, 10, and 15) of OP/OR dams were orally inoculated to conventional Fischer F344 recipient pups from birth to 15 days of age to create three groups of pups: F-OP, F-OR, and F-Sham group (that received the vehicle). We first checked microbiotal differences between inoculas. We then assessed the impact of transfer (from birth to adulthood) onto the intestinal microbiota of recipients rats, their growth, and their eating behavior by measuring their caloric intake, their anticipatory food reward responses, their preference for sweet and fat tastes in solutions, and the sensations that extend after food ingestion. Finally, we searched for correlation between microbiota composition and food intake parameters. We found that maternal transfer of microbiota differing in composition led to alterations in pups’ gut microbiota composition that did not last until adulthood but were associated with specific eating behavior characteristics that were predisposing F-OP rats to higher risk of over consuming at subsequent periods of their life. These findings support the view that neonatal gut microbiotal transfer can program eating behavior, even without a significant long-lasting impact on adulthood microbiota composition.
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Zhu, Bin, David J. Edwards, Katherine M. Spaine, Laahirie Edupuganti, Andrey Matveyev, Myrna G. Serrano, and Gregory A. Buck. "The association of maternal factors with the neonatal microbiota and health." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (June 19, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49160-w.
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AbstractThe human microbiome plays a crucial role in human health. However, the influence of maternal factors on the neonatal microbiota remains obscure. Herein, our observations suggest that the neonatal microbiotas, particularly the buccal microbiota, change rapidly within 24–48 h of birth but begin to stabilize by 48–72 h after parturition. Network analysis clustered over 200 maternal factors into thirteen distinct groups, and most associated factors were in the same group. Multiple maternal factor groups were associated with the neonatal buccal, rectal, and stool microbiotas. Particularly, a higher maternal inflammatory state and a lower maternal socioeconomic position were associated with a higher alpha diversity of the neonatal buccal microbiota and beta diversity of the neonatal stool microbiota was influenced by maternal diet and cesarean section by 24–72 h postpartum. The risk of admission of a neonate to the newborn intensive care unit was associated with preterm birth as well as higher cytokine levels and probably higher alpha diversity of the maternal buccal microbiota.
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Dalile, Boushra, Kristin Verbeke, Lukas Van Oudenhove, and Bram Vervliet. "Nourishing the gut microbiota: The potential of prebiotics in microbiota-gut-brain axis research." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 42 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x18002856.
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Abstract Dietary fiber and prebiotics consistently modulate microbiota composition and function and hence may constitute a powerful tool in microbiota-gut-brain axis research. However, this is largely ignored in Hooks et al.’s analysis, which highlights the limitations of probiotics in establishing microbiome-mediated effects on neurobehavioral functioning and neglects discussing the potential of prebiotics in warranting the microbiota's role in such effects.
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Aguilar-Díaz, Hugo, and Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda. "Análisis del microbioma de las garrapatas de ganado, un nuevo abordaje basado en metagenómica." CIENCIA ergo-sum 31 (February 7, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.30878/ces.v31n0a22.
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Las recientes investigaciones metagenómicas de garrapatas han revelado que sus microbiomas poseen una diversidad microbiana conformada por endosimbiontes y patógenos (patobioma), causantes de enfermedades en el humano y otros animales. Las garrapatas son vectores de diversas enfermedades al ganado bovino, por lo que un estudio de mayor alcance permitirá elucidar la composición de su microbioma con la finalidad de proponer nuevas estrategias de control y prevención como el desarrollo de vacunas antigarrapata. Este proceso resulta ser prometedor y posee como base la identificación de bacterias fundamentales para la supervivencia del vector. De acuerdo con este contexto, se presenta el abordaje metagenómico aplicado a las garrapatas para la identificación de la microbiota y el respectivo microbioma.
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Bonazzi, Erica, Alexis Bretin, Lucile Vigué, Fuhua Hao, Andrew D. Patterson, Andrew T. Gewirtz, and Benoit Chassaing. "Individualized microbiotas dictate the impact of dietary fiber on colitis sensitivity." Microbiome 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-023-01724-6.
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Abstract Background The observation that the intestinal microbiota is central in the development of IBD suggests that dietary fiber, the microbiota’s primary source of nourishment, could play a central role in these diseases. Accordingly, enriching diets with specific soluble fibers remodels microbiota and modulates colitis sensitivity. In humans, a recent study suggests that the microbiota of select IBD patients might influence the impacts they would experience upon fiber exposure. We sought here to define the extent to which individual microbiotas varied in their responsiveness to purified soluble fiber inulin and psyllium. Moreover, the extent to which such variance might impact proneness to colitis. Results We observed a high level of inter-individual variation in microbiota responsiveness to fiber inulin and psyllium: while microbiotas from select donors exhibited stark fiber-induced modulation in composition, pro-inflammatory potential, and metabolomic profile, others were only minimally impacted. Mice transplanted with fiber-sensitive microbiomes exhibited colitis highly modulated by soluble fiber consumption, while mice receiving fiber-resistant microbiotas displayed colitis severity irrespective of fiber exposure. Conclusion The extent to which select soluble fibers alter proneness to colitis is highly influenced by an individual's microbiota composition and further investigation of individual microbiota responsiveness toward specific dietary fiber could pave the way to personalized fiber-based intervention, both in IBD patients and healthy individuals.
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Castañeda Guillot, Carlos, Yaima Pacheco Consuegra, and Ricardo Enrique Cuesta Guerra. "Implicaciones de la microbiota oral en la salud del sistema digestivo." Dilemas contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores, June 1, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46377/dilemas.v8i.2742.
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Los microbiomas humanos son decisivos para la salud. Las microbiotas oral e intestinal son las más abundantes y diversas, con influencia demostrada en la patogénesis de enfermedades digestivas crónicas no trasmisibles relacionada con disbiosis. El trabajo tiene como objetivo: Actualizar implicaciones microbiota oral con la salud Sistema Digestivo, precisándose en los resultados la relación entre microbiotas orales e intestinales. Se revisó avances recientes que vinculan la microbiota oral- intestinal, la repercusión en salud y enfermedades intestinales, el papel eubiosis y disbiosis microbiotas oral-intestinal, el valor salud bucal, las medidas de promoción-prevención en salud de cavidad oral y las relaciones con el Sistema Digestivo.
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Aluthge, Nirosh D., Wesley A. Tom, Alison C. Bartenslager, Thomas E. Burkey, Phillip S. Miller, Kelly D. Heath, Craig Kreikemeier-Bower, et al. "Differential longitudinal establishment of human fecal bacterial communities in germ-free porcine and murine models." Communications Biology 3, no. 1 (December 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01477-0.
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AbstractThe majority of microbiome studies focused on understanding mechanistic relationships between the host and the microbiota have used mice and other rodents as the model of choice. However, the domestic pig is a relevant model that is currently underutilized for human microbiome investigations. In this study, we performed a direct comparison of the engraftment of fecal bacterial communities from human donors between human microbiota-associated (HMA) piglet and mouse models under identical dietary conditions. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) revealed that with the exception of early microbiota from infants, the more mature microbiotas tested established better in the HMA piglets compared to HMA mice. Of interest was the greater transplantation success of members belonging to phylum Firmicutes in the HMA piglets compared to the HMA mice. Together, these results provide evidence for the HMA piglet model potentially being more broadly applicable for donors with more mature microbiotas while the HMA mouse model might be more relevant for developing microbiotas such as those of infants. This study also emphasizes the necessity to exercise caution in extrapolating findings from HMA animals to humans, since up to 28% of taxa from some donors failed to colonize either model.
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Doolin, Margaret L., and M. Denise Dearing. "Differential effects of two common antiparasitics on microbiota resilience." Journal of Infectious Diseases, November 30, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad547.
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Abstract Background Parasitic infections challenge vertebrate health worldwide, and off-target effects of antiparasitic treatments may be an additional obstacle to recovery. However, there have been few investigations of the effects of antiparasitics on the gut microbiome in the absence of parasites. Methods We investigated whether two common antiparasitics—albendazole and metronidazole—significantly alter the gut microbiome of parasite-free mice. We treated mice with albendazole or metronidazole daily for seven days and sampled the fecal microbiota immediately before and after treatment, and again after a two-week recovery period. Results Albendazole did not immediately change the gut microbiota, while metronidazole decreased microbial richness by 8.5% and significantly changed community structure during treatment. The structural changes caused by metronidazole included depletion of the beneficial family Lachnospiraceae, and predictive metagenomic analysis revealed that these losses likely depressed microbiome metabolic function. Separately, we compared the fecal microbiotas of treatment groups after recovery, and there were minor differences in community structure between the albendazole, metronidazole, and sham-treated control groups. Conclusions These results suggest that a healthy microbiome is resilient after metronidazole-induced depletions of beneficial gut microbes and albendazole may cause slight, latent shifts in the microbiota but does not deplete healthy gut microbiota diversity.