Academic literature on the topic 'Microbiota'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microbiota"
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Moeller, Andrew H., and Jon G. Sanders. "Roles of the gut microbiota in the adaptive evolution of mammalian species." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1808 (August 10, 2020): 20190597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0597.
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Every mammalian species harbours a gut microbiota, and variation in the gut microbiota within mammalian species can have profound effects on host phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent evidence that gut microbiotas have influenced the course of mammalian adaptation and diversification. Associations with gut microbiotas have: (i) promoted the diversification of mammalian species by enabling dietary transitions onto difficult-to-digest carbon sources and toxic food items; (ii) shaped the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in mammalian species through the amplification of signals from the external environment and from postnatal developmental processes; and (iii) generated selection for host mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, to control the gut microbiota for the benefit of host fitness. The stability of specific gut microbiotas within host species lineages varies substantially across the mammalian phylogeny, and this variation may alter the ultimate evolutionary outcomes of relationships with gut microbiotas in different mammalian clades. In some mammalian species, including humans, relationships with host species-specific gut microbiotas appear to have led to the evolution of host dependence on the gut microbiota for certain functions. These studies implicate the gut microbiota as a significant environmental factor and selective agent shaping the adaptive evolution of mammalian diet, phenotypic plasticity, gastrointestinal morphology and immunity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of the microbiome in host evolution’.
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Khavkin, A. I., E. V. Shrainer, K. M. Nikolaichuk, I. A. Pak, V. V. Dudurich, A. V. Ponomarenko, E. А. Yakovets, and E. A. Pokushalov. "Gut microbiota and obesity." Voprosy dietologii 14, no. 2 (2024): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2024-2-36-49.
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The global prevalence of obesity has almost tripled since the end of the last century. Excess body weight is responsible for nearly 2.8 million deaths each year due to complications. Many studies support both a genetic predisposition and the role of the gut microbiome in obesity’s development. The review is highlight recent scientific advances in understanding the relationships between the gut microbiome, obesity, and comorbidities for cause-and-effect relationships. It examines impact of gut microbiota composition and changes in metabolite profile on the obesity pathogenesis and related metabolic disorders. The article also discusses such therapeutic microbiota’s agents as antibiotics, pre-, auto- and probiotics, as well as fecotransplantation. Key words: obesity, microbiota, metabolites, children, short-chain fatty acids
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Salas-González, Isai, Guilhem Reyt, Paulina Flis, Valéria Custódio, David Gopaulchan, Niokhor Bakhoum, Tristan P. Dew, et al. "Coordination between microbiota and root endodermis supports plant mineral nutrient homeostasis." Science 371, no. 6525 (November 19, 2020): eabd0695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd0695.
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Plant roots and animal guts have evolved specialized cell layers to control mineral nutrient homeostasis. These layers must tolerate the resident microbiota while keeping homeostatic integrity. Whether and how the root diffusion barriers in the endodermis, which are critical for the mineral nutrient balance of plants, coordinate with the microbiota is unknown. We demonstrate that genes controlling endodermal function in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contribute to the plant microbiome assembly. We characterized a regulatory mechanism of endodermal differentiation driven by the microbiota with profound effects on nutrient homeostasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanism is linked to the microbiota’s capacity to repress responses to the phytohormone abscisic acid in the root. Our findings establish the endodermis as a regulatory hub coordinating microbiota assembly and homeostatic mechanisms.
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Amarachukwu Bernaldine Isiaka, Vivian Nonyelum Anakwenze, Ugonna Henry Uzoka, Chiamaka Rosemary Ilodinso, Mercy Oluwayomi Oso, Chito Clare Ekwealor, and Chikodili Gladys Anaukwu. "Exploring the role of gut microbiota in human health." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.27.1.0100.
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The study explores the intricate relationship between the human gut microbiota and health. It analyzes the gut microbiota’s roles in digestion, metabolism, immune responses, and overall well-being. The review discusses the composition and diversity of gut microbial communities, emphasizing their symbiotic relationship with the host. It also examines how gut dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, relates to health conditions like inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic disorders. The review highlights research methodologies like metagenomics and metabolomics that deepen our understanding of gut microbiota function. It also explores external factors, such as diet and antibiotic use, in shaping the gut microbiome. The review discusses potential therapeutic interventions like probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, suggesting a future for personalized medicine. By synthesizing existing knowledge, the review aims to advance understanding of the gut microbiota’s role in health and suggest future research and interventions.
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Britton, Graham J., Eduardo J. Contijoch, Matthew P. Spindler, Varun Aggarwala, Belgin Dogan, Gerold Bongers, Lani San Mateo, et al. "Defined microbiota transplant restores Th17/RORγt+regulatory T cell balance in mice colonized with inflammatory bowel disease microbiotas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 35 (August 18, 2020): 21536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922189117.
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The building evidence for the contribution of microbiota to human disease has spurred an effort to develop therapies that target the gut microbiota. This is particularly evident in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where clinical trials of fecal microbiota transplantation have shown some efficacy. To aid the development of novel microbiota-targeted therapies and to better understand the biology underpinning such treatments, we have used gnotobiotic mice to model microbiota manipulations in the context of microbiotas from humans with inflammatory bowel disease. Mice colonized with IBD donor-derived microbiotas exhibit a stereotypical set of phenotypes, characterized by abundant mucosal Th17 cells, a deficit in the tolerogenic RORγt+regulatory T (Treg) cell subset, and susceptibility to disease in colitis models. Transplanting healthy donor-derived microbiotas into mice colonized with human IBD microbiotas led to induction of RORγt+Treg cells, which was associated with an increase in the density of the microbiotas following transplant. Microbiota transplant reduced gut Th17 cells in mice colonized with a microbiota from a donor with Crohn’s disease. By culturing strains from this microbiota and screening them in vivo, we identified a specific strain that potently induces Th17 cells. Microbiota transplants reduced the relative abundance of this strain in the gut microbiota, which was correlated with a reduction in Th17 cells and protection from colitis.
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Inoue, Yuzaburo, and Naoki Shimojo. "Microbiome/microbiota and allergies." Seminars in Immunopathology 37, no. 1 (October 18, 2014): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-014-0453-5.
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Thomas, Linda V., Theo Ockhuizen, and Kaori Suzuki. "Exploring the influence of the gut microbiota and probiotics on health: a symposium report." British Journal of Nutrition 112, S1 (June 23, 2014): S1—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514001275.
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The present report describes the presentations delivered at the 7th International Yakult Symposium, ‘The Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics: Exploiting Their Influence on Health’, in London on 22–23 April 2013. The following two themes associated with health risks were covered: (1) the impact of age and diet on the gut microbiota and (2) the gut microbiota's interaction with the host. The strong influence of the maternal gut microbiota on neonatal colonisation was reported, as well as rapid changes in the gut microbiome of older people who move from community living to residential care. The effects of dietary changes on gut metabolism were described and the potential influence of inter-individual microbiota differences was noted, in particular the presence/absence of keystone species involved in butyrate metabolism. Several speakers highlighted the association between certain metabolic disorders and imbalanced or less diverse microbiota. Data from metagenomic analyses and novel techniques (including anex vivohuman mucosa model) provided new insights into the microbiota's influence on coeliac, obesity-related and inflammatory diseases, as well as the potential of probiotics.Akkermansia muciniphilaandFaecalibacterium prausnitziiwere suggested as targets for intervention. Host–microbiota interactions were explored in the context of gut barrier function, pathogenic bacteria recognition, and the ability of the immune system to induce either tolerogenic or inflammatory responses. There was speculation that the gut microbiota should be considered a separate organ, and whether analysis of an individual's microbiota could be useful in identifying their disease risk and/or therapy; however, more research is needed into specific diseases, different population groups and microbial interventions including probiotics.
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Viswanathan, Sathiyapriya, Sheetal Parida, Bhuvana Teja Lingipilli, Ramalingam Krishnan, Devendra Rao Podipireddy, and Nethaji Muniraj. "Role of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer and Drug Resistance." Pathogens 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2023): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030468.
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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The cause of cancer is multifactorial. An early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment of cancer can improve the chances of survival. Recent studies have shown that breast cancer is influenced by the microbiota. Different microbial signatures have been identified in the breast microbiota, which have different patterns depending on the stage and biological subgroups. The human digestive system contains approximately 100 trillion bacteria. The gut microbiota is an emerging field of research that is associated with specific biological processes in many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, brain disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. In this review article, we discuss the impact of the microbiota on breast cancer, with a primary focus on the gut microbiota’s regulation of the breast cancer microenvironment. Ultimately, updates on how immunotherapy can affect the breast cancer-based microbiome and further clinical trials on the breast and microbiome axis may be an important piece of the puzzle in better predicting breast cancer risk and prognosis.
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Costa, Amanda Garcia da, Juliana Pelosi Martins, Maria Carolina Sticanele de Souza, Giovanna Queiroz Marques de Mendonça, and Mariana Leite Resende. "IMPACT OF SKIN MICROBIOTA ON DERMATOLOGICAL HEALTH." Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v10i4.13449.
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A microbiota da pele descreve a comunidade diversificada de microrganismos que residem na superfície cutânea, desempenhando papeis cruciais na homeostase e na saúde da pele. Este ecossistema microbiano está implicado em várias funções fisiológicas, incluindo defesa imunológica, metabolismo de lipídios e regulação da resposta inflamatória. O equilíbrio dessa microbiota é fundamental para a integridade da barreira cutânea e a prevenção de doenças dermatológicas. Portanto, compreender o impacto da microbiota da pele na saúde dermatológica é essencial para desenvolver estratégias terapêuticas e preventivas eficazes. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é analisar criticamente a literatura existente sobre o papel da microbiota da pele na saúde dermatológica, destacando suas interações com doenças de pele comuns e os avanços no entendimento dessa relação. Metodologia: A revisão seguiu as diretrizes do PRISMA. Foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Os descritores utilizados incluíram "microbiota da pele", "saúde dermatológica", "doenças de pele", "interações microbianas" e "terapia microbiana". Critérios de inclusão: Estudos originais que investigaram a relação entre microbiota da pele e saúde dermatológica, publicados em periódicos revisados por pares nos últimos 10 anos. Critérios de exclusão: Estudos que não abordaram diretamente a relação entre microbiota da pele e saúde dermatológica, revisões não sistemáticas e estudos com amostras pequenas ou metodologias inadequadas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 estudos. Os resultados revelaram uma associação significativa entre a composição e diversidade da microbiota cutânea e várias condições dermatológicas, como acne, dermatite atópica e psoríase. Além disso, foram destacados os avanços na terapia microbiana, incluindo o uso de probióticos tópicos e terapias de microbioma para tratar ou prevenir doenças de pele. Conclusão: Esta revisão ressalta a importância da microbiota da pele na saúde dermatológica e destaca o potencial das abordagens terapêuticas direcionadas à modulação da microbiota para o tratamento de doenças de pele. No entanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para elucidar completamente as complexas interações entre a microbiota da pele e a saúde cutânea, bem como para desenvolver intervenções terapêuticas mais precisas e eficazes.
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Elechi, Jasper Okoro Godwin, Rosa Sirianni, Francesca Luisa Conforti, Erika Cione, and Michele Pellegrino. "Food System Transformation and Gut Microbiota Transition: Evidence on Advancing Obesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cancers—A Narrative Review." Foods 12, no. 12 (June 6, 2023): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12122286.
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Food, a vital component of our daily life, is fundamental to our health and well-being, and the knowledge and practices relating to food have been passed down from countless generations of ancestors. Systems may be used to describe this extremely extensive and varied body of agricultural and gastronomic knowledge that has been gathered via evolutionary processes. The gut microbiota also underwent changes as the food system did, and these alterations had a variety of effects on human health. In recent decades, the gut microbiome has gained attention due to its health benefits as well as its pathological effects on human health. Many studies have shown that a person’s gut microbiota partially determines the nutritional value of food and that diet, in turn, shapes both the microbiota and the microbiome. The current narrative review aims to explain how changes in the food system over time affect the makeup and evolution of the gut microbiota, advancing obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. After a brief discussion of the food system’s variety and the gut microbiota’s functions, we concentrate on the relationship between the evolution of food system transformation and gut microbiota system transition linked to the increase of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Finally, we also describe sustainable food system transformation strategies to ensure healthy microbiota composition recovery and maintain the host gut barrier and immune functions to reverse advancing NCDs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microbiota"
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Andrade, Marta Daniela Pereira. "Manipulação do microbioma como adjuvante em tratamentos de cancro." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10793.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoOs microrganismos presentes no microbioma humano coexistem em harmonia com o seu hospedeiro, mas podem, em determinadas circunstâncias, causar doença. O estudo do microbioma humano e, em particular, da microbiota intestinal está em franco desenvolvimento, tendo vindo a surgir novas evidências relativas à sua associação a diferentes patologias e ao seu papel na fisiologia humana. O microbioma humano é caracterizado pela sua complexa plasticidade e um aumento do seu conhecimento é visto como promissor para o entendimento de vários processos e doenças, incluindo cancro. A sua relação com a saúde é muito abrangente e ainda pouco conhecida. Inúmeros estudos são desenvolvidos como forma de explorar novas estratégias de tratamento. Além das intervenções já aplicadas, a manipulação do microbioma humano através do uso de probióticos e prebióticos, de uma combinação de ambos e do transplante de microbiota fecal (TMF), têm vindo a ser consideradas opções em relação e em complemento à antibioterapia para potenciar a eficácia dos tratamentos, reduzir a toxicidade e prevenir a carcinogénese. Nesta revisão, são apresentadas formas de manipulação do microbioma como adjuvantes ao tratamento do cancro.
Microorganisms present in the human microbiome coexist in harmony with their host but can be the origin of disease under certain circumstances. Study of the human microbiome and particularly of the intestinal microbiota is developing, with new evidence emerging regarding its association with different pathologies and its role in human physiology. Human microbiome is characterized by its complex plasticity and an increase in knowledge is seen as promising for the understanding of various processes and diseases, including cancer. Human microbiome relationship with health is very wide and still little known. Numerous studies are being carried out as a way to explore new treatment strategies. In addition to the interventions already applied: manipulation of the human microbiome using probiotics and prebiotics, a combination of both and the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), are being considered options to support antibiotic therapy to enhance effectiveness of treatments, reduce toxicity and prevent carcinogenesis. In this paper, ways of manipulating the microbiome as a component of cancer treatment are presented.
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Bilen, Melhem. "Description of the human gut microbiota by culturomics." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0177/document.
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Le microbiote intestinal humain a été fortement corrélé avec la santé humaine et les maladies et a montré un potentiel dans les développements thérapeutiques. La métagénomique a déjà montré qu'elle était capable de générer beaucoup de données, dont certaines sont dénuées de sens et constituaient la "matière noire". Alors culturomics a été développée pour compléter la métagénomique en ciblant des espèces bactériennes précédemment non cultivées. En utilisant la culturomics, nous avons décrit le microbiote intestinal humain des Pygmées et réussi à isoler un nombre significatif d'espèces bactériennes parmi lesquelles 38 étaient de nouvelles espèces. En comparant les résultats métagénomiques aux données culturomics, on constate que seulement 26% des espèces isolées ont été récupérées par métagénomique et que jusqu'à 59% des Operational taxonomic units détectées correspondaient à de nouvelles espèces bactériennes isolées par culturomique dans cette étude ou dans les précédentesThe human gut microbiota has been correlated in general health and diseases. Thus its description became mandatory to better understand its role and therapeutic potential. However, metagenomics has previously showed to be able to generate a lot of data, of which some are meaningless and constituted the “Dark matter”. Thus, culturomics was developed to complement metagenomics by targeting previously uncultured bacterial species. Using culturomics, we described the human gut microbiota of Pygmy people and succeeded in isolating a significant number of bacterial species out of which 38 were new species. Comparing metagenomics results to culturomics data, we see that only 26% of the isolated species were recovered by metagenomics and that up to 59% of the Operational taxonomic units detected corresponded to new bacterial species isolated by culturomics either in this study or in previous ones
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Routy, Bertrand. "Contribution of Gut Microbiota on Systemic Response to Anticancer Immonumodulatory Agents." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS398.
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Les anticorps bloquant les rétrocontrôles inhibiteurs du système immunitaire (ICB) ont révolutionné la prise en charge des patients atteints de certains cancers. Les ICB bloquent l’axe cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) ou programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1-PD-L2 et permettent une réactivation des cellules T stimulant l’immunité anti-tumorale. Toutefois, malgré cette avancée plus de 70 % des patients finiront par progresser et ces traitements peuvent entrainer des toxicités de type auto-immunes sévères. Il est donc fondamental d’identifier des biomarqueurs prédictifs de la réponse clinique et ainsi développer une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique efficace pour augmenter l’index thérapeutique des ICB. Plusieurs groupes ont participé à décrire le lien étroit entre le microbiote intestinal et la réponse à la chimiothérapie (cyclophosphamide), à la greffe allogénique ainsi qu’aux les thérapies immunomodulatrices (anti-CTLA4 and PD1 Abs). Mon travail de thèse vient à la suite de ces travaux princeps et a permis de montrer que la composition du microbiote intestinal est en partie responsable de l’activité anti-tumorale des ICB dans plusieurs cancers. L’analyse de 249 patients atteints d’un cancer métastatique du poumon, du rein et cancer urothelial traités par l’anti-PD-1 ou l’anti-PD-L1 les antibiotiques (ATB) diminuaient la survie sans progression (PFS) de 3.5 vs 4.1 mois (p=0.017) et la survie globale de 11.5 vs 20.6 mois (p<0.001) par rapport aux patients n’ayant pas pris d’ATB avant de débuter les ICB. Nous avons par la suite analysé par métagénomique les selles de 153 patients atteints d’un cancer du poumon et du rein traités par l’anti-PD-1. Les résultats ont montré que Akkermmansia muciniphila est plus abondante chez les patients ayant une meilleure réponse clinique et une meilleure PFS. De plus, nous avons démontré que la présence d’une réponse mémoire spécifique des cellules CD4+ ou CD8+ envers A. muciniphila est associée à une plus longue PFS. Par la suite, des transplantations de microbiote fécal (FMT) avec les selles de ces patients chez des souris axéniques ou traitées par ATB montrent que les selles des répondeurs à l’anti-PD-1 entrainent une forte réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale post anti-PD-1 comparé aux selles de non-répondeurs. De plus, un gavage oral avec A. muciniphila après la FMT avec des selles de non-répondeurs restaure une forte réponse immunitaire post anti-PD-1 via la production d’IL-12 par les cellules dendritiques entrainant l’augmentation du recrutement des cellules T CD4+CXCR3+CCR9+ du ganglion mésentérique vers le site tumoral et une augmentation du ratio CD4/Treg. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggèrent que la découverte de bactérie immunogène capable de prédire le bénéfice clinique des ICB permettra de développer une stratégie thérapeutique efficace afin d’augmenter la survie des patients atteints de cancer.Mots clés : ICB, anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, cancer du poumon, cancer du rein, microbiote intestinalIn oncology, a novel therapeutic era based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitory T-cell receptors has come of age. Targeting CTLA-4 or PD-1/PDL-1/PDL-2 unleashes T cells and restores antitumor immunity. However, 70% of patients will eventually progress and drug-induced autoimmune toxicities are frequent. Therefore, predictors of clinical benefit and strategies to safely enhance ICB efficacy are urgently needed. Multiple lines of evidence have shown that conventional chemotherapy, allogeneic transplantation and immune-based therapies (IL-10R blockade, anti-CTLA4 and PD1 Abs) rely upon the composition of the gut microbiota to exert their bioactivity. During my PhD, I showed in a cohort of 249 patients with advanced NSCLC, RCC and urothelial cancer treated with anti-PD-1/PDL-1 mAb that antibiotic (ATB) prescription before ICB decreased PFS from 3.5 months vs 4.1 months (p=0.017) and OS from 11.5 months vs 20.6 months (p<0.001) compared to patients without ATB. Next, using quantitative metagenomics by shotgun sequencing, we explored the microbiota composition of 153 patients with advanced NSCLC and RCC amenable to anti-PD-1 mAb. Akkermansia muciniphila was found to be strongly associated with favorable objective response rate and longer PFS. To validate the relevance of these clinical findings, we brought up two major lines of evidence. First, we demonstrated that in NSCLC patient, the presence of specific IFNγ+ memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells toward A. muciniphila predicted a longer PFS. Secondly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed using patient feces to recolonize germ-free or ATB-treated mice in two tumor models. Feces from patients with clinical response conveyed a stronger immune response against the tumor compared to feces from non-responders. Subsequently, oral supplementation with A. muciniphila post-FMT with non-responder feces restored the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. In this setting, dendritic cells secreted more IL-12, increasing the recruitment of CCR9+CXCR3+CD4+ T lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes into tumor beds as well as an increase of CD4+/Treg ratio within the tumor bed of mice co-treated with anti-PD1 mAb and A. muciniphila. The discovery of immunogenic bacteria capable of predicting and increasing clinical benefit of ICB will help for the development of novel biomarker tools and a future therapeutic concept, whereby treatment of cancer can be improved by the modulation of gut microbiota. Keywords: NSCLC, RCC, Immune checkpoint blockades (ICB), immunotherapies, Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1), Microbiota
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Vigliotti, Chloé. "Etude de l'impact d'un changement de régime alimentaire sur le microbiome intestinal de Podarcis sicula." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0011/document.
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Nous avons collecté et comparé les microbiotes et les microbiomes intestinaux de plusieurs dizaines de lézards de l’espèce Podarcis sicula, vivant dans des populations continentales et insulaires croates. L’une de ces populations présentait la particularité d’avoir subi un changement de régime alimentaire récent, une transition d’un régime insectivore vers un régime omnivore (à 80% herbivores) sur une période de 46 ans. Les analyses de diversité menées sur la région V4 de l’ARN ribosomique 16S de ces communautés microbiennes ont révélé que la diversité spécifique (diversité alpha) des microbiotes de lézards omnivores (enrichis en archées méthanogènes) excède celle des microbiotes de lézards insectivores. Les communautés microbiennes des lézards apparaissent en outre faiblement structurées : 5 entérotypes peuvent être identifiés au niveau du phylum, et 3 phyla majoraires (les Bactéroidètes, les Firmicutes et les Protéobactéries) sont présents dans cette espèce. Cependant, ni le régime alimentaire, l’origine spatiale ou temporelle, et le sexe des lézards ne se traduisent par des différences significatives et majeures dans les microbiotes. Des analyses linéaires discriminantes avec effet de la taille des OTUs et des reads des microbiomes fonctionnellement annotés indiquent plutôt que le changement de régime alimentaire de Podarcis sicula est associé à des changements ciblés dans l’abondance de certains composants du microbiote et du microbiome de ces lézards, nous conduisant à formuler l’hypothèse de changements ciblés des communautés microbiennes dans cet holobionte non-modèle, par opposition à des transformations plus radicales. Sur un plan plus théorique, cette thèse propose également des modèles de réseaux (réseaux de similarité de reads et graphes bipartis) susceptibles d’aider à approfondir les analyses des microbiomesWe collected and compared intestinal microbiota and microbiomes from several Podarcis sicula lizards, which live in Croatian continental and insular populations. One of these populations has recently changed its diet over an 46 years timespan, switching from an insectivorous diet to an omnivorous one (up to 80% herbivorous). Diversity analyses of these microbial communities, based on the V4 region of their 16S rRNA, showed that the microbiota taxonomic diversity (or alpha diversity) is higher in omnivorous lizards (enrichment in methanogenic archaea) than in insectivorous ones. Besides, microbial communities seem weakly structured: 5 enterotypes are detected at the phylum level, and 3 major phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) are present. However, neither diet, spatial or temporal origin, nor lizard gender correlate with significant differences in microbiota. Linear discriminant analyses with size effect, based on OTUs and functionally annotated reads from the microbiomes, suggest that Podarcis sicula diet change is associated to targeted changes of the abundance of some enzymes in the microbiomes. Such a result leads us to propose a hypothesis of targeted changes in the microbial communities of this non-model holobiont, instead of more radical transformations. On a more theoretical level, this thesis also proposes network models (Reads similarity networks and bipartite graphs) that can help improving microbiome analyses
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Saborío, Montero Alejandro. "Study of the Host Genetic Control over the Ruminal Microbiota and their Relationships with Methane Emissions in Dairy Cattle." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172633.
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Tesis por compendio[ES] El análisis del control genético del hospedador sobre su microbiota ha sido señalado recientemente como un tema prometedor en diferentes campos de estudio. La relación entre el holobionte hospedador-microbioma y los fenotipos en el ganado lechero podría conducir a nuevos conocimientos en los programas de selección genética. Dentro de esta tesis doctoral, se realizó la estimación y análisis a través de diferentes enfoques estadísticos con el objetivo de desentrañar el control genético del hospedador sobre la microbiota en ganado lechero. Además, se analizó el rasgo de concentración de metano como un fenotipo potencial para ser incluido en el programa de mejora de ganado lechero español. Mayor abundancia relativa de la mayoría de los eucariotas (principalmente protozoos ciliados y hongos) y algunas arqueas (Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanothermus spp. y Methanosphaera spp.) fueron factores de riesgo para ser clasificadas en la categoría alta. Se propuso un conjunto de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) de tipo recursivo dentro de un marco de Cadenas de Markov Monte Carlo (MCMC) para analizar conjuntamente la relación hospedador-metagenoma-fenotipo. Se estableció un modelo bivariado no-recursivo como punto de referencia. La heredabilidad de CH4 se estimó en 0,12 ± 0,01 en ambos modelos, recursivo y no recursivo. Asimismo, las estimaciones de heredabilidad para la abundancia relativa de los taxones se superpusieron entre los modelos y variaron entre 0.08 y 0.48. Las correlaciones genéticas entre la composición microbiana y el CH4 variaron de -0,76 a 0,65 en el modelo bivariado no recursivo y de -0,68 a 0,69 en el modelo recursivo. Doce matrices de relación de microbiota (K) fueron construidas a partir de diferentes métricas de distancia del microbioma, con el objetivo de comparar su desempeño dentro de un marco de estimación de componentes de varianza para CH4 y toda la microbiota. Análisis de simulación (n = 1000) y datos reales fueron desarrollados considerando cuatro modelos posibles: un modelo genómico aditivo (GBLUP), un modelo de microbioma (MBLUP), un modelo de efectos genéticos y microbioma (HBLUP) y un modelo de efectos de interacción genético, microbioma y genético × microbioma (HiBLUP). Un nuevo término "Holobiabilidad" fue definido para referirse a la proporción de la varianza atribuible a los efectos del holobionte hospedador-microbioma. Las estimaciones a partir de datos reales usando HiBLUP variaron dependiendo de la K utilizada y estuvieron entre 0.15-0.17, 0.15-0.21 y 0.42-0.59 para heredabilidad, microbiabilidad y holobiabilidad, respectivamente. El conjunto de datos de microbioma fue agregado a través de análisis de componentes principales (PCA), en pocos componentes principales (PCs) que fueron utilizados como aproximaciones del metagenoma central. Parte de la variabilidad condensada en estos PC está controlada por el genoma de la vaca, con estimaciones de heredabilidad para el primer PC (PC1) de ~ 0,30 en todos los niveles taxonómicos, con una gran probabilidad (> 83%) de que la distribución posterior sea > 0,20 y con un intervalo de mayor densidad posterior al 95% (95% HPD) no conteniendo cero. La mayoría de las estimaciones de correlación genética entre PC1 y metano fueron grandes (>0,70) en todos los niveles taxonómicos, con la mayor parte de la distribución posterior (> 82%) siendo > 0,50 y con su 95% HPD no conteniendo cero. Estos resultados sugieren que todo el metagenoma del rumen regula recursivamente las emisiones de metano en las vacas lecheras, y que tanto el CH4 como las composiciones de la microbiota están parcialmente controladas por el genotipo del hospedador. Las variables agregadas (PC) propuestas podrían ser usadas en programas de mejora de animales para reducir las emisiones de metano en las generaciones futuras.
[CA] L'anàlisi del control genètic de l'hoste sobre la seva microbiota s'ha assenyalat recentment com un tema prometedor en diferents camps d'estudi. La relació entre el holobiont hoste-microbioma i els fenotips en bovins de llet podria conduir a nous coneixements en els programes de cria. Dins d'aquest doctorat es van realitzar tesis, estimacions i anàlisis mitjançant diferents enfocaments estadístics amb l'objectiu de desentranyar el control genètic de l'hoste sobre la microbiota en bestiar lleter. A més, es va analitzar el tret de concentració de metà com a fenotip potencial a incloure en el programa espanyol de cria de bestiar lleter. La major abundància relativa de la majoria dels eucariotes (principalment protozous i fongs ciliats) i algunes arquees (Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanothermus spp i Methanosphera spp.) Van ser factors de risc per classificar-se en les categories altes. Es va proposar un conjunt de models d'equacions estructurals (SEM) de tipus recursiu dins d'un marc de cadena Markov Monte Carlo (MCMC) per analitzar conjuntament la relació hoste-metagenoma-fenotip. Es van establir models no recursius com a referència. L'heretabilitat del CH4 es va estimar en 0,12 ± 0,01 en ambdós models, recursius i no recursius. De la mateixa manera, les estimacions d'heretabilitat de l'abundància relativa dels tàxons es van superposar entre models i van oscil·lar entre 0,08 i 0,48. Les correlacions genètiques entre la composició microbiana i el CH4 van oscil·lar entre -0,76 i 0,65 en els models bivariables no recursius i de -0,68 a 0,69 en els models recursius. Dotze matrius de relació de microbiota (K) de diferents mètriques de distància de microbiomes, amb l'objectiu de comparar el seu rendiment dins d'un marc d'estimació de components de variància per CH4 i anàlisi de microbiomes sencers en simulació (n = 1000, 25 rèpliques) i es van realitzar dades reals , considerant quatre possibles models: un model genòmic additiu (GBLUP), un model de microbioma (MBLUP), un model d'efectes genètics i microbiomes (HBLUP) i un model d'efectes d'interacció genètics, microbiomes i genètics × microbiomes (HiBLUP). Es va definir un nou terme "Holobiabilitat" per referir-se a la proporció de la variància fenotípica atribuïble als efectes holobiont del microbioma host. Les estimacions de dades reals mitjançant HiBLUP van variar en funció de la K utilitzada i van oscil·lar entre 0,15-0,17, 0,15-0,21 i 0,42-0,59 per heretabilitat, microbiabilitat i holobiabilitat, respectivament. El conjunt de dades de microbiomes es va agregar mitjançant l'anàlisi de components principals (PCA) en pocs components principals (PC) que es van utilitzar com a proxies del metagenoma principal. Part de la variabilitat condensada en aquestes PC està controlada pel genoma de la vaca, amb estimacions d'heretabilitat per a la primera PC (PC1) de ~ 0,30 a tots els nivells taxonòmics, amb una gran probabilitat (> 83%) de la distribució posterior> 0,20 i amb un 95% més alt interval de densitat posterior (95% HPD) que no conté zero. La majoria de les estimacions de correlació genètica entre PC1 i metà eren grans (>0,70) en tots els nivells taxonòmics, amb una gran part de la distribució posterior (> 82%)> 0,50 i amb un 95% de HPD que no contenia zero. Aquests resultats suggereixen que tot el metagenoma del rumen regula recursivament les emissions de metà en vaques lleteres i que tant el CH4 com les composicions de microbiota estan parcialment controlades pel genotip de l'hoste. Les variables agregades proposades (PC) es podrien utilitzar en programes de cria d'animals per reduir les emissions de metà en les generacions futures.
[EN] The analysis of the host genetic control over its microbiota has recently been pointed out as a promising theme in different fields of study. The relationship between the host-microbiome holobiont and phenotypes in dairy cattle could lead to new insights in breeding programs. Within this Ph.D. thesis, estimation and analysis through different statistical approaches were performed aiming to unravel the host genetic control over the microbiota in dairy cattle. Besides, methane concentration trait was analyzed as a potential phenotype to be included in the Spanish dairy cattle breeding program. Higher relative abundance of most eukaryotes (mainly ciliate protozoa and fungi) and some archaea (Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanothermus spp and Methanosphera spp.) were risk factors for being classified in the high categories. a set of structural equation models (SEMs) of a recursive type within a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework was proposed to jointly analyze the host-metagenome-phenotype relationship. Non-recursive models were set as benchmark. Heritability of CH4 was estimated at 0.12 ± 0.01 in both, the recursive and non-recursive, models. Likewise, heritability estimates for the relative abundance of the taxa overlapped between models and ranged between 0.08 and 0.48. Genetic correlations between the microbial composition and CH4 ranged from -0.76 to 0.65 in the non-recursive bivariate models and from -0.68 to 0.69 in the recursive models. Regardless of the statistical model used, positive genetic correlations with methane were estimated consistently for the 7 genera pertaining to the Ciliophora phylum, as well as for those genera belonging to the Euryarchaeota (Methanobrevibacter sp.), Chytridiomycota (Neocallimastix sp.) and Fibrobacteres (Fibrobacter sp.) phyla. Twelve microbiota relationship matrices (K) from different microbiome distance metrics were built, aiming to compare its performance within a variance component estimation framework for CH4 and whole microbiome analysis on simulation (n = 1000, 25 replicates) and real data were performed, considering four possible models: an additive genomic model (GBLUP), a microbiome model (MBLUP), a genetic and microbiome effects model (HBLUP) and a genetic, microbiome and genetic × microbiome interaction effects model (HiBLUP). A new term "Holobiability" was defined to refer to the proportion of the phenotypic variance attributable to the host-microbiome holobiont effects. Estimates from real data using HiBLUP varied depending on the K used and ranged between 0.15-0.17, 0.15-0.21 and 0.42-0.59 for heritability, microbiability and holobiability, respectively. The microbiome dataset was aggregated through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) into few principal components (PCs) that were used as proxies of the core metagenome. Part of the variability condensed in these PCs is controlled by the cow genome, with heritability estimates for the first PC (PC1) of ~0.30 at all taxonomic levels, with a large probability (>83%) of the posterior distribution being > 0.20 and with the 95% highest posterior density interval (95%HPD) not containing zero. Most genetic correlation estimates between PC1 and methane were large (>0.70) at all taxonomic levels, with most of the posterior distribution (>82%) being >0.50 and with its 95%HPD not containing zero. These results suggest that rumen's whole metagenome recursively regulate methane emissions in dairy cows, and that both CH4 and the microbiota compositions are partially controlled by the host genotype. The purposed aggregated variables (PCs) could be used in animal breeding programs to reduce methane emissions in future generations.
This research was financed by RTA2015-00022-C03-02 (METALGEN) project from the national plan of research, development and innovation 2013-2020 and the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness (Madrid, Spain). We thank the regional Holstein Associations and farmers collaborating in the project. Computational support from the High-Performance Computing Centre in Galicia (Spain) is acknowledged. Alejandro Saborío-Montero acknowledges the scholarship from Universidad de Costa Rica for his doctorate studies which partially conducted to the progress of this study.
Saborío Montero, A. (2021). Study of the Host Genetic Control over the Ruminal Microbiota and their Relationships with Methane Emissions in Dairy Cattle [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172633
TESIS
Compendio
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Basqueira, Marcela de Souza. "Estudo da microbiota de pacientes portadores de doença de Chagas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-31102018-104149/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Chagas é causada pelo protozoário flagelado Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) e ainda hoje representa um grande problema de saúde pública tendo infectado mais de oito milhões de pessoas. A patogênese da cardiomiopatia chagásica ainda não é completamente compreendida. A inflamação no miocárdio é intensa em relação ao número de parasitos presentes e também se observa um dano progressivo em outros órgãos como esôfago e cólon em 30% a 40% dos casos em que se diagnosticou a doença. Alguns estudos começaram a mostrar que a resposta imunológica a um parasita pode depender da microbiota intestinal; porém, ainda não existem estudos com a tecnologia de sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS) que descrevam a microbiota intestinal em doença de Chagas. É possível que uma pequena alteração do peristaltismo intestinal, decorrente da infecção por T. cruzi possa alterar a colonização de algumas bactérias as quais podem causar mudanças na reatividade do sistema imune como aumentar a resposta autoimune, gerando maior dano ao coração. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho objetivou descrever a microbiota intestinal de acordo com a forma clínica da doença de Chagas, através da amplificação do gene 16s RNA ribossomal e avaliar seu papel na patogênese da doença. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 114 indivíduos, sendo 30 portadores da forma cardíaca da doença, 11 com a forma digestiva (megacólon), 32 com a indeterminada e 31 indivíduos saudáveis (controles). De cada um deles, foram coletadas amostras de fezes para a análise da microbiota por meio de técnicas de sequenciamento de nova geração Ion Torrent. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados pelo software QIIME para determinar a população de bactérias presentes nas amostras. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se os testes não paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTADOS: A frequência relativa do filo Verucomicrobia foi significantemente menor no grupo cardíaco em comparação ao grupo controle e as outras formas clínicas: indeterminada e digestiva. Apesar da abundância relativa desse filo ser menor do que 1%, a diferença observada se manteve significante, mesmo após a correção de Bonferroni. CONCLUSÕES: Nosso estudo sugere que uma menor proporção do filo Verrucomicrobia possa estar relacionada ao processo inflamatório na forma cardíaca; porém, ainda pouco se conhece sobre este grupo de bactérias e seus componentes, que nos permita afirmar o seu efetivo papel na forma cardíaca da doença de ChagasINTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi) and still represents a major public health problem with more than eight million people infected. Chagas cardiomyopathy pathogenesis is still not completely understood. Inflammation in the myocardium is intense in relation to the number of parasites present and progressive damage is also observed in other organs such as the esophagus and colon in 30% to 40% of the cases. Some studies are beginning to show that the immune response to a parasite may depend on the intestinal microbiota. However, there are no studies using NGS technology that describes the intestinal microbiota of Chagas disease. It is possible that a small change in intestinal peristalsis due to T cruzi infection may alter the colonization of some bacteria. These changes could cause changes in the reactivity of the immune system such as increasing the autoimmune response causing greater damage to the heart. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the intestinal microbiota according to the clinical form of Chagas disease, through amplification of the 16s ribosomal RNA gene and to evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS: A total of 114 individuals were selected, 30 of cardiac form of the disease, 11 with the digestive form (megacolon), 32 with indeterminate form and 31 healthy individuals (controls). Stool samples were collected and analysed for the microbiota using Ion Torrent sequencing technique. The results were analyzed by the QIIME software to determine the population of bacteria present in the samples. Statistical was performed using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The relative frequency of the Verrucomicrobia phylum was significantly lower among the cardiac group when compared to control, indeterminate and digestive form. Our study suggest that the phylum Verrucomicrobia may play a role in the miocardio inflammation process in Chagas disease, however little is known about these bacteria to infer the mechanism
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Glendinning, Laura. "Sheep lung microbiota." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29541.
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Until recently it was assumed that the healthy mammalian lung did not harbour a microbiota, unlike other body sites. However, through the use of sequencing based technologies this has been shown to not be the case. Low biomass communities of microbes can be identified in the healthy lung and the lung microbiota in various diseases states has been shown to differ form these 'healthy' communities. The sheep respiratory microbiota is of interest from both an animal health perspective and due to the potential use of the sheep as a large animal model for studying the lung microbiota. In this thesis I seek to characterise the composition and variability of the sheep lung microbiota; the differences between the sheep upper and lower respiratory tract bacterial communities and to assess whether exhaled breath condensate collection can be used as a non-invasive lung microbiota sampling method. To study the bacterial communities present in samples I have used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. In Chapter 3 I examine the inter-individual and spatial variability present within the sheep lung microbiota. Protected specimen brushings were collected from three lung segments in six animals at three time-points. In a separate sheep a greater number of brushings was taken (n=16) in order to examine the amount of variability over a smaller spatial scale. I find that there can be large differences between the bacterial communities isolated from different locations within the lung, even over short distances. Samples also cluster by the sheep from which they were taken, indicating a host specific influence on the lung microbiota. In Chapter 4 I compare whole lung washes and oropharyngeal swabs from 40 lambs in order to examine the differences between the upper and lower respiratory tract microbiotas. I find that oropharyngeal swabs separate into rumen-like or upper respiratory tract-like bacterial communities. Despite the fact that in humans the upper and lower respiratory microbiotas have been shown to have similar compositions, the sheep lung microbiota samples in this study do not resemble either oropharyngeal samples or reagent only controls. In my first two results chapters, lung sampling methods were used which involved either anaesthesia combined with a bronchoscopic procedure (Chapter 3) or samples being taken from dead animals (Chapter 4). In Chapter 5 I assess whether there is a less invasive way of taking lung microbiota samples from a living individual, both to minimise the procedural stress on animals used as models and to increase the pool of potential volunteers for human lung microbiota studies. I compared samples taken via protected specimen brushings to samples taken via exhaled breath condensate collection, a less invasive sampling technique. I find that condensate samples contain less bacterial DNA and different bacteria than brushing samples, indicating that it is unlikely they could be used as a replacement for invasive sampling methods. In my final results chapter I compare the results across Chapters 3, 4 and 5 to identify bacteria which occur consistently in the sheep lung and could therefore potentially be described as core lung microbiota members. In conclusion, while I have found that there are large differences between the sheep lung microbiota and that which has previously been described in humans, the sheep can still be of use as a model in studies where these differences would not have a significant impact, such as in Chapter 5 of this thesis. I have identified several bacterial members of the core sheep lung microbiota which in future it would be interesting to better characterise and to assess whether they play a role in sheep health.
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Dubois, Nancy E. "Identification of Optimal Stool Donor Health and Intestinal Microbiome Characteristics for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108352.
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Thesis advisor: Catherine Y. ReadBackground. Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) account for 20-30% of healthcare-acquired infections, resulting in serious patient and economic burdens. CDI incidence has grown rapidly due to overuse of antibiotics and an aging population, posing a significant public health threat. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using donor stool has demonstrated clinical efficacy rates up to 94% and long-term restoration of a healthy intestinal microbiome. Challenges with donor screening, lack of research about optimal stool donor characteristics and intestinal microbiome composition, and a poorly fit screening model, create barriers to the availability of FMT. Purpose. This study aimed to generate essential information about FMT donor characteristics predictive of passing the screening and donor intestinal microbiome compositions associated with FMT clinical efficacy. The primary aims were to 1) identify previously unstudied characteristics of prospective FMT donors that are predictive of passing a stool bank’s screening process; and 2) determine whether donor intestinal microbial diversity is related to FMT clinical efficacy in preventing recurrent CDI. Methods. This study was conducted as a secondary analysis on a cohort of previously screened donors (n=770). Aim 1 was tested through a logistic regression of donor characteristics (gender, age, body mass index, frequency of bowel movements, diet, tobacco and alcohol use, and seasonality) with screening outcomes. Aim 2 was tested through a simple regression evaluating donor intestinal microbial diversity and rates of FMT clinical efficacy. Results. One donor characteristic in the logistic regression, frequency of bowel movements (p = 0.018), was significantly predictive of whether a donor passed the screening. Specifically, donors who had fewer than two bowel movements per day were more likely to pass. All other characteristics were not predictive. Similarly, the linear regression evaluating alpha diversity and FMT clinical efficacy was not significantly predictive of clinical efficacy (p = 0.140). Conclusion. Findings were used to support recommendations for improving prospective donor screening that nurses and other clinicians can implement to decrease challenging logistics, reduce costs and barriers, and potentially increase FMT clinical efficacy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
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Collison, Matthew Geoffrey. "Human-microbiota interactions in health and disease : bioinformatics analyses of gut microbiome datasets." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4154.
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The human gut harbours a vast diversity of microbial cells, collectively known as the gut microbiota, that are crucial for human health and dysfunctional in many of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Until recently culture dependent methods limited our ability to study the microbiota in depth including the collective genomes of the microbiota, the microbiome. Advances in culture independent metagenomic sequencing technologies have since provided new insights into the microbiome and lead to a rapid expansion of data rich resources for microbiome research. These high throughput sequencing methods and large datasets provide new opportunities for research with an emphasis on bioinformatics analyses and a novel field for drug discovery through data mining. In this thesis I explore a range of metagenomics analyses to extract insights from metagenomics data and inform drug discovery in the microbiota. Firstly I survey the existing technologies and data sources available for data mining therapeutic targets. Then I analyse 16S metagenomics data combined with metabolite data from mice to investigate the treatment model of a proposed antibiotic treatment targetting the microbiota. Then I investigate the occurence frequency and diversity of proteases in metagenomics data in order to inform understanding of host-microbiota-diet interactions through protein and peptide associated glycan degradation by the gut microbiota. Finally I develop a system to facilitate the process of integrating metagenomics data for gene annotations. One of the main challenges in leveraging the scale of data availability in microbiome research is managing the data resources from microbiome studies. Through a series of analytical studies I used metagenomics data to identify community trends, to demonstrate therapeutic interventions and to do a wide scale screen for proteases that are central to human-microbiota interactions. These studies articulated the requirement for a computational framework to integrate and access metagenomics data in a reproducible way using a scalable data store. The thesis concludes explaining how data integration in microbiome research is needed to provide the insights into metagenomics data that are required for drug discovery.
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Pajecki, Denis. "Microbiota no megaesôfago chagásico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5154/tde-17022002-163819/.
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A estase de secreção salivar e alimentos deglutidos na luz esofágica de pacientes com megaesôfago chagásico traz como consequências: (1) supercrescimento bacteriano na luz do órgão, (2) episódios de aspiração pulmonar e infecções respiratórias de repetição, (3) aumento do risco dos procedimentos terapêuticos cirúrgicos ou endoscópicos em caso de perfuração pela maior possibilidade de contaminação, (4) desenvolvimento de processos inflamatórios crônicos na mucosa esofágica, que podem predispor ao aparecimento de displasia e câncer. Apesar disto, a microbita esofágica no megaesôfago nunca foi estudado. Esse estudo teve o objetivo de analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente a microbiota presente no líquido de estase esofágico de pacientes portadores de megaesôfago chagásico, comparando-a com a existente em indivíduos sadios. Foram estudados prospectivamente 25 pacientes (10 homens e 15 mulheres) com idades variando de 24 a 74 anos ( = 49,1a). Quinze pacientes eram portadores de esofagopatia chagásica, sendo 5 portadores de mega grau I (MG1), 5 portadores de mega grau II (MG2) e 5 portadores de mega grau III (MG3), segundo a classificação de Rezende; e 10 indivíduos sadios, agrupados no Grupo Controle (GC). Utilizou-se método de coleta que permitia aspiração de líquido através de sonda de Levine diretamente da luz esofágica, evitando-se a contaminação com microrganismos da orofaringe. Após análise microbiológica qualitativa e quantitativa, foi feita a descrição dos microrganismos encontrados nos vários grupos e sua classificação em aeróbios Gram positivos, aeróbios Gram negativos, anaeróbios e fungos. A análise estatística visou avaliar diferenças quantitativas entre os microrganismos nos diferentes grupos, sendo para tanto utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de rejeição menor 0,05 (5%). A positividade das culturas no Grupo Controle foi 40%, com predomínio do gênero Streptococcus sp, em concentrações que variaram de 101 a 102 ufc/ml. No Grupo Megaesôfago 93,3% da culturas foram positivas, com grande variedade de bactérias, mas predomínio de aeróbios Gram positivos (Streptococcus sp. foi o mais comum) e anaeróbios (Veillonella sp foi a mais freqüente) em concentrações que variaram de 101 a 105 ufc/ml. As concentrações foram geralmente mais elevadas em MG3, quando comparado com MG1, MG2 e GC (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que no megoesôfago, diferentemente dos indivíduos sadios, existe a presença de rica microflora bacteriana, constituída principalmente por aeróbios Gram positivos e anaeróbios, em concentrações tanto maiores quanto maior o seu grau de dilatação. Parte desta microbiota tem capacidade de metabolizar nitratos, etapa importante na formação de nitrosaminas.The stasis of saliva and swallowed food in the esophageal lumen of patients with chagasic megaesophagus causes: (1) bacterial overgrowth in the esophageal lumen, (2) recurring pulmonary aspirations and respiratory infections, (3) increased risk of surgical or endoscopic procedures if perforation occurs by the major possibility of contamination, and (4) the development of chronic inflammatory process in esophageal mucosa, that can predispose to the development of dysplasia and cancer. In spite of this, esophageal microbiota in the megaesophagus has never been studied. The aim of this study was to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the microbiota in chagasic megaesophagus in comparison to the normal esophagus. Twenty-five patients (10 men and 15 women) were prospectively studied, with ages varying from 24 to 74 years (=49,1), from March to September 2000. Fifteen patients with chagasic megaesophagus (MG), were divided into three sub- groups according to the grade of esophageal dilation: MG1 5 patients with megaesophagus grade I; MG2- 5 patients with megaesophagus grade II; MG3- 5 patients with megaesophagus grade III. Another group of ten patients without any esophageal disease was constituted in the Control Group (CG). The sample collection was performed using a method specially developed to avoid contamination with microorganisms of the oral cavity and oropharynx. After qualitative and quantitative analysis, the microorganisms found were described and classified as Gram positive aerobes, Gram negative aerobes, anaerobes and fungus. Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was performed in order to find quantitative differences of microorganisms in the different groups. In CG 40% of the cultures were positive with predominance of the genus Streptococcus sp, in concentrations that varied from 101 to 102 cfu/ml. In MG, 93,3% of the cultures were positive, with great bacterial variability and predominance of a variety of aerobic Gram-positive (Streptococcus sp was the most common) and anaerobic bacteria (Veillonella sp was the most frequent), in concentrations that varied from 101 to 105 cfu/ml. The bacterial concentrations were generally more elevated in MG3 in comparison to MG1, MG2 and CG (p<0,05). It was concluded that patients with megaesophagus present a varied microbiota constituted mostly of aerobic Gram positive and anaerobic bacteria, in concentrations that vary with the megaesophagus dilatation degree. Some of the bacteria found in MG are able to metabolize nitrates intro nitrites, an important step in the formation of nitrosamines.
Books on the topic "Microbiota"
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Marchesi, J. R., ed. The human microbiota and microbiome. Wallingford: CABI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780640495.0000.
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Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Gowhar Hamid Dar, Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood, and Rouf Ahmad Bhat, eds. Microbiota and Biofertilizers. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48771-3.
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Fredricks, David N., ed. The Human Microbiota. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118409855.
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Tannock, Gerald W., ed. Understanding the Gut Microbiota. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118801413.
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Maddela, Naga Raju, and Kadiyala Venkateswarlu. Insecticides−Soil Microbiota Interactions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66589-4.
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Dar, Gowhar Hamid, Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood, and Khalid Rehman Hakeem, eds. Microbiota and Biofertilizers, Vol 2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61010-4.
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Gibson, Glenn R., and Marcel B. Roberfroid, eds. Colonic Microbiota, Nutrition and Health. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1079-4.
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Schwiertz, Andreas, ed. Microbiota of the Human Body. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4.
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Pierre, Joseph F., ed. Metabolism of Nutrients by Gut Microbiota. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839160950.
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Nibali, Luigi, and Brian Henderson, eds. The Human Microbiota and Chronic Disease. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118982907.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Microbiota"
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Friedrich, Anke. "Microbiota and Microbiome." In The Multiple Sclerosis Companion, 157–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67540-3_19.
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Hangay, George, Susan V. Gruner, F. W. Howard, John L. Capinera, Eugene J. Gerberg, Susan E. Halbert, John B. Heppner, et al. "Microbiota." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2377. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4592.
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Mukherjee, Swapna. "Microbiota." In Current Topics in Soil Science, 185–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92669-4_17.
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Koren, Omry, and Ruth E. Ley. "The Human Intestinal Microbiota and Microbiome." In Yamada' s Textbook of Gastroenterology, 617–25. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118512074.ch32.
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Attur, Malavikalakshmi M., and Jose U. Scher. "Microbiome and Microbiota in Rheumatic Disease." In Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases, 11–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23311-2_2.
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Stephens, Katherine, Gemma E. Walton, and Glenn R. Gibson. "Gastrointestinal microbiota." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Gastroenterology, 41–47. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118872796.ch1.8.
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Mendling, Werner. "Vaginal Microbiota." In Microbiota of the Human Body, 83–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4_6.
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Javaux, Emmanuelle J. "Gunflint Microbiota." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_682-3.
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Chu, Fong-Fong. "Gut Microbiota." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_7172-4.
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Javaux, Emmanuelle J. "Gunflint Microbiota." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1026–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_682.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Microbiota"
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Saliba, Leonardo Camargos, and KAREN RODRIGUES VIEIRA. "MICROBIOTA COMO FONTE IMUNOMODULADORA: NOVOS OLHARES SOBRE AS DOENÇAS EMERGENTES DO SÉCULO XXI." In II Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conamic/6174.
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Introdução: A microbiota humana representa uma ampla gama de microorganismos que compõem a flora intestinal de um indivíduo. Essa comunidade microbiana se forma após o nascimento e está intimamente relacionada com a modulação do sistema imunológico. Considerada um ecossistema extremamente complexo, sua composição varia com a idade, estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares. No último século, após o advento dos antibióticos e da industrialização alimentícia, houve uma mudança significativa nos subgrupos da microbiota intestinal. Concomitantemente, elevou-se o espectro das doenças consideradas imunomediadas. Alergias, demências e distúrbios gastrointestinais prevalecem no cotidiano de grande parcela da população a nível mundial. Questiona-se, então, a relação entre nossos microorganismos intestinais com a ativação e equilíbrio do sistema imunológico. Objetivo: O presente trabalho busca relacionar as mudanças na microbiota e sua relação com a elevada incidência de doenças autoimunes no século XXI. Material e métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica das bases de dados PubMed e Scielo utilizando os descritores: Autoimmune diseases, Microbioma, Microbiota Intestinal e Simbiose Intestinal. Foram selecionados 5 artigos publicados a partir de 2017 para base deste estudo. Resultados: O equilíbrio simbiótico entre microbiota e sistema imune permite que haja tolerância imunológica às bactérias consideradas benéficas ao organismo humano. A médio e longo prazo, nota-se que esses pacientes se tornam mais protegidos de doenças autoimunes. Em contrapartida, pacientes medicados repetidamente com antibióticos apresentam uma disbiose seguida de infecções intestinais oportunistas, como a causada pelo Clostridium difficile. Outrossim, dietas ricas em carboidratos e com baixo teor de fibras mostram-se mais imunogênicas ao comprometer a homeostase de bactérias residentes no TGI. Com isso, há maiores chances de desenvolver doenças inflamatórias intestinais, como Chron e Retocolite. Conclusão: Nosso microbioma intestinal tem mostrado influência no processo de saúde e doença de seu hospedeiro. Entende-se, portanto, que a manutenção de uma microbiota autóctone é capaz de reduzir a incidência de doenças imunomediadas. Tendo isso em mente, alternativas que visem corrigir uma disbiose intestinal, como probióticos, prebióticos e até transplante de microbiota fecal, podem prevenir e tratar uma ampla gama de doenças consideradas emergentes no século XXI.
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GODZIK, ADAM. "THE MICROBIOME(S): MICROBIOTA, FAMILIES, FUNCTIONS." In 23rd International Solvay Conference on Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814603836_0022.
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Lopes, Lorena Vieira, VINÍCIUS GRZECHOEZINSKI AUDINO, and GABRIEL STECHECHEN WIER. "EIXO INTESTINO-PULMÃO E O PAPEL DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL NA RESPOSTA À INFECÇÃO POR SARS-COV-2." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/6286.
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Introdução: A microbiota intestinal está relacionada à modulação do sistema imunológico, influenciando no processo inflamatório e na resposta a infecções. No curso da COVID-19, uma resposta exacerbada, na conhecida “tempestade de citocinas”, gera hiperinflamação e é fator determinante da gravidade da doença. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da microbiota intestinal na regulação da resposta imunológica à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e seus mecanismos. Metodologia: Realizou-se revisão da literatura, a partir de publicações indexadas na plataforma PubMed. Foram utilizados os descritores “COVID-19”, “microbiome”, “inflammation” e “gut-lung axis”. Após avaliação criteriosa, foram selecionados 5 artigos para a presente revisão. Resultados: Foram relatadas associações entre a microbiota intestinal e a mortalidade por infecções respiratórias, sugerindo a existência de um eixo de comunicação bilateral “intestino-pulmão”. O possível mecanismo dessa interação é a atuação da microbiota na imunidade inata antiviral do trato respiratório através da liberação de metabólitos e sinais imunomodulatórios que influenciam macrófagos alveolares, células epiteliais e células dendríticas. O microbioma modula a expressão de receptores Interferon tipo I e secreção de IFN-α e IFN-β, com efeito na restrição da replicação viral. A alteração da composição da microbiota intestinal (disbiose) possivelmente guarda correlação positiva com a gravidade da COVID-19: observou-se aumento de táxons patogênicos e diminuição daqueles conhecidos por sua ação protetora, conforme maiores as taxas de complicações. A composição bacteriana intestinal em pacientes com doença leve se mostrou mais próxima a controles, enquanto casos graves e fatais apresentaram importante diferença em relação às bactérias protetoras. Maiores níveis de citocinas inflamatórias foram correlacionados à alteração da microbiota intestinal em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19. A disbiose intestinal prévia, comum em pacientes com comorbidades e idade avançada, também está ligada à desregulação da resposta inflamatória ao SARS-CoV-2. Conclusão: Os mecanismos que ligam a microbiota intestinal à resposta à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 não são totalmente compreendidos. Porém, os resultados sugerem correlação entre a composição da microbiota intestinal, reação inflamatória e o curso da COVID-19, constituindo uma rota promissora à compreensão da patogênese e elaboração de estratégias que diminuam o impacto da doença. Dessa forma, mais estudos são necessários para que essa relação seja estabelecida.
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Menezes, Carlos Alexandre Gomes Passarinho, Rafaela Ribeiro Benedito, Daniel Rubens Freitas Facundo, Isabela Oliveira Moura, Patrick Venâncio Soares Lima, Amandra Gabriele Coelho Rodrigues Melo, Bruna Gontijo Peixoto Pimenta, et al. "Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with neuropathologies." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.458.
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Introduction: The human intestinal microbiota corresponds to the ecosystem of colonizing microorganisms of the intestine that has an important role of protection to the organism. In addition, it has a direct relationship with the nervous system, known as the bowel-brain axis. Changes in the intestinal microbiota have been associated with several neuropathologies, and disbiosis repair has been shown to improve specific symptoms of some diseases. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the neurological implications caused by intestinal microbiota in humans. Methods: Review of integrative literature, consulted the Databases PubMed, SciELO and Google Academic. Chosen as descriptors (DeCS): “Microbiota”, “Gastrointestinal Microbiome” and “Nervous System Diseases” separated by Boolean connectors, and articles in English and Portuguese. Results: In this sense, among the therapeutic techniques that objectify to recolonize the “‘sick” intestine, the use of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation stand out. Symbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, proved beneficial for symptomatological manifestations of neuropsychic disorders such as depression and chronic stress. Conclusion: Although some of the relationships of the intestinal-brain microbiota axis and changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as the pathophysiology and benefits arising from its health, there is still a lack of studies to make consensus whether a change in the intestinal microbiome would be an epiphenomenon or the cause of neuropathologies in humans.
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Alencar, Artur Nogueira Matos, Rafael Del Bel Sonoda, Renato de Lima Rozenowicz, Juliana Cristina Marinheiro, and Heloísa Rosa. "O PAPEL DO MICROBIOMA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CÂNCER DE MAMA: UMA ASSOCIAÇÃO POSSÍVEL?" In Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho. Universidade Nove de Julho, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/comamedvg.2022.23.
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Introdução: A microbiota humana é formada por microrganismos comensais e os genes que eles expressam são conhecidos por microbioma. A microbiota intestinal (MI) participa de processos fisiológicos e sua composição pode ser modulada por fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis como genética, dieta, tabagismo e consumo de álcool; seu desequilíbrio (disbiose) pode levar a várias doenças, entre elas o câncer. Estudos recentes mostram a relação entre a composição da MI no metabolismo dos estrogênios e seu possível envolvimento com o câncer de mama, que é o tipo de câncer mais incidente entre mulheres. De acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), para o Brasil, estimam-se 66.280 novos casos de câncer de mama, para cada ano do triênio 2020-2022. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca da possível associação entre o microbioma/MI no desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa utilizando-se artigos científicos publicados na base de dados Medline/Pubmed, buscados a partir das palavras-chave "breast cancer AND microbiome", no dia 28/01/2022. Para a pesquisa, foram aplicados os seguintes filtros: livros e documentos, ensaio clínico, ensaio clínico randomizado, meta-análise, revisão sistemática e revisão, no período de 10 anos. Dentre os 156 artigos encontrados, foram mantidos para análise aqueles cujo título contém as palavras “microbiome” e/ou “microbiota” e “breast cancer”, somando um total de 28 artigos. Resultados: Os 26 de 28 artigos analisados sugerem que a MI influência nos níveis de estrogênios circulantes e excretados. Estrogênios endógenos (estradiol, estrona e estriol), seus metabólitos e estrogênios exógenos são relevantes para a carcinogênese do tecido mamário. No fígado, são conjugados a partir de reações de glicuronidação e sulfonação e posteriormente secretados no intestino através da bile. Hipotetiza-se que o estroboloma (conjunto de genes de bactérias entéricas cujos produtos são capazes de metabolizar os estrogênios) module o metabolismo do hormônio devido a atividade beta-glicuronidase exibida por bactérias como Escherichia coli, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium e Citrobacter. Sendo assim, na disbiose, sugere-se que um estroboloma enriquecido com tais bactérias favorece a desconjugação e o consequente aumento nos níveis de estrogênios livres circulantes via reabsorção entero-hepática. Ao se ligar no receptor de estrogênio no tecido mamário, o estrogênio estimula a proliferação celular, favorecendo a iniciação e a promoção do câncer. Conclusão: Novos estudos devem ser realizados para comprovar a associação entre o microbioma e a constituição da MI no desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. A descoberta poderá auxiliar na elaboração de novas recomendações e diretrizes para a prática clínica, além de melhorar a abordagem quanto à prevenção e prognóstico do câncer de mama, diminuindo o número de mortes associadas à doença. Palavras-chave: microbiota; estrogênios; neoplasia da mama.
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Persia, Sabrina, Antonella Frassanito, Raffaella Nenna, Laura Petrarca, Greta Di Mattia, Antonella Merola, Valerio Iebba, et al. "Nasal microbiota in RSV microbiota." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4994.
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Dias, Grazielle Suhett, Aline Sereia, Lais Yamanaka, Paloma Rubin, Ana Christof, and Luiz Felipe Valter de Oliveira. "Probiome: knowing our second genome, the gut microbiota." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.638.
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The gut microbiota a plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of the human body. In recent years, studies are unraveling how the gut microbiota influences not only health and gastrointesPnal disorders, but also other distal organs and systems. Recently, studies are been showing that gut’s bacteria can affect central nervous system physiology and inflammaPon. The gastrointesPnal tract and the nervous system communicate each other through a bidirecPonal signaling network known as brain-intesPne axis. This network is made up of mulPple connecPons that include vagus nerve, immune system and metabolisms, such as metabolites and products derived from intesPnal bacteria. Depression, MulPple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s Disease and AuPsPc Spectrum Disorders are among the most studied neurological condiPons in the gut microbiota field. BiomeHub is a biotechnology StartUP that pioneered the development and performance of analyzes based on cuXngedge genomics and bioinformaPcs technologies applied to microbiology. The company developed the first validated Brazilian intesPnal microbiome test, which all steps are performed in Brazil, in its own infrastructure, using the state of the art in DNA sequencing technologies and analysis of biological data. Probiome is a molecular test capable of detecPng the complex bacteria community that make up the IntesPnal Microbiota, by sequencing the DNA of these bacteria. The growing knowledge accumulaPon about human microbiome allowed rapid advances and it has been building a solid foundaPon for the development of prognoses, diagnoses and clinical intervenPons, while it creates a new paradigm in personalized medicine. Probiome enables a targeted medical and nutriPonal approach through cross-checking between the profile data of the gut microbiota and the paPent clinical condiPons, assisPng in the elaboraPon of more accurate diets and therapies, selecPon of probioPcs and prebioPcs, among other approaches to gut microbiota intervenPons.
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Yin, Chuntao. "Disease-induced changes in the rhizosphere microbiome reduced root disease." In IS-MPMI Congress. IS-MPMI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/ismpmi-2023-5r.
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Rhizosphere microbiota, referred to as the second genome of plants, are crucial to plant health. Increasing evidence reveals that plants can change their rhizosphere microbiome and promote microbial activity to reduce plant disease. However, how plant and phytopathogens factor in combination to structure the rhizosphere microbiome and govern microbial selection for adaptation to disease stress remains incompletely understood. In this study, rhizosphere microbiota from successive wheat plantings under the pressure of the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8 were characterized. Amplicon sequence analyses revealed that bacterial and fungal communities clustered by planting cycles. The addition of AG8 enhanced the separation of the rhizosphere microbiota. The alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi significantly decreased over planting cycles. Compared with rhizosphere bacterial communities, AG8 was a major driver structuring fungal communities. Pathogen-infected monocultures enriched a group of bacterial genera with potential antagonistic activities or abilities for plant growth promotion or nitrogen fixation. Further, eleven bacterial species exhibited antagonistic activities toward Rhizoctonia spp., and four of them displayed broad antagonism against multiple soilborne fungal pathogens. These findings support the potential to improve plant health through manipulating rhizosphere microbiota.
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Farah, Huda Mohamed, Muram Elmubarak Elamin, Rahaf Nader Nader Nader, Rana Said Alabsi, Salma Bouazza Bouabidi, Sara Elgaili Khogali Suleiman, Shahd Mohammad Nasr, Shouq Fahad Al-Rumaihi, Zain Zaki Zakaria, and Maha alasmakh Alasmakh. "Metagenomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during pregnancy." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0135.
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Pregnancy is a dynamic physiological process associated with significant hormonal, immune and metabolic changes to support the growth and development of the fetus. Several studies have highlighted the role of gut microbiota during pregnancy1. The composition of gut microbiota changes dramatically during the course of pregnancy with an increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, a decline in butyrate-producing bacteria and a reduction in bacterial richness at the end of pregnancy2. These modifications were anticipated to favour the increased metabolic demand during pregnancy, which will, in turn, support healthy fetal growth3. Gut microbiota has also been suggested to contribute to weight gain during pregnancy via increased absorption of glucose and fatty acids, induction of catabolic pathways, increased fasting-induced adipocyte factor secretion, and stimulation of the immune system2, 4. The oral cavity houses the second most diverse microbiota after the gut harbouring over 700 species of bacteria. Oral microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the oral cavity and preventing disease development5. Little is known about the role of the oral microbiome during pregnancy. One study examined changes in oral microbiota during pregnancy on Japanese women and found that the total viable microbial counts were higher during pregnancy, as were levels of the pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida6. Several studies have also found correlations between oral infections and pregnancy complications, further suggesting mechanisms connecting the oral microbiome with the state of pregnancy7. The Qatari Birth Cohort (QbiC) was successfully developed in July 2018 by Qatar Biobank. It is an epidemiological study that aims to assess the synergetic role of environmental exposure and genetic factors in the development of chronic disease. It monitors the health of women throughout their pregnancy and after birth. The present study is designed to explore changes in the salivary microbiome, using high throughput sequencing during pregnancy and to explore key microbial clades involved in pregnancy.
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Карпин, Владимир Александрович, and Ольга Ивановна Шувалова. "INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND LIVER AND KIDNEY DISEASES." In Перспективные исследования в психологии, спорте и здравоохранении: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2024), 39–42. Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58351/240528.2024.39.50.003.
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Исследования, поведенные в последнее время в области микроэкологии организма, позволили сформировать понятие «микробиом человека», клинической сущностью которого является определенное влияние микробиоты на течение внутренних болезней. Ведущую роль играет состояние кишечной микробиоты. Важнейшим практическим значением данного подхода является разработка целенаправленных лечебных мероприятий, направленных на модификацию кишечной микроэкологии. В статье в качестве примера обсуждается связь состояния кишечной микробиоты с заболеваниями печени и почек. Recent research conducted in the field of microecology of the body has allowed us to form the concept of the "human microbiome", the clinical essence of which is a certain influence of the microbiota on the course of internal diseases. The leading role is played by the state of the intestinal microbiota. The most important practical significance of this approach is the development of targeted therapeutic measures aimed at modifying intestinal microecology. As an example, the article discusses the relationship between the state of the intestinal microbiota and liver and kidney diseases.
Reports on the topic "Microbiota"
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Molina Montes, Esther. Microbioma, microbiota y cáncer. Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18567/sebbmdiv_rpc.2018.02.1.
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Aier, Chubanaro, Pazhuni Pfote, and Jeyaparvathi Somasundaram. ECONOMIC AND NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILOSAMIA RICINI RAISED ON CASTOR LEAVES FORTIFIED WITH PROBIOTICS - REVIEW. World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9019083.
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The gut microbiota affects silkworm growth and development and is particularly associated with food absorption, nutrient use, and disease immunity. The behaviour and evolution of insects are inuenced by interactions with their microbiome. In cases of nutritional deciency or other health conditions, certain microbes can be given as dietary supplements to promote insect reproduction, food conversion, and growth as well as health parasitic infection. An overview of insect-microbiota interactions is provided, as well as information on the function of probiotics, their typical application in the rearing of insects for food and feed, and their interactions with the host microbiota. The improvement of the silkworm's growth and development is greatly aided by nutrition
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Tarabukina, N. P., M. P. Neustroev, and M. P. Skriabina. Microbiota formation in herd foals. СФНЦА РАН, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/978-5-6041597-2018-206-207.
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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Exploring the role of the rumen microbiota in determining the feed efficiency of dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7594403.bard.
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Expanding world hunger calls for increasing available food resources. Ruminants have the remarkable ability to convert human-indigestible plant biomass into human-digestible food products, due to a complex microbiome residing in the rumen compartment of their upper digestive tract. One way to tackle the problem of diminishing food resources is to increase the animals' energetic efficiency, i.e., the efficiency with which they convert energy from feed, thereby increasing food availability while lowering the environmental burden, as these animals would produce more and eat less. We hypothesize that the cow's feed efficiency is dependent on the taxonomic composition, coding capacity and activity of its reticulorumenmicrobiota. To test this hypothesis, three aims are defined: (1) Evaluation of the feed efficiency of 146 dairy cows and defining two groups representing the highest and lowest 25% using the Israeli group's unique facility; (2) Comparing these two groups for microbiota diversity, identity and coding capacity using next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approaches; (3) Comparing the reticulorumenmicrobiota metabolic activity parameters. We measured feed efficiency in 146 milking cows and analyzed the taxonomic composition, gene content, microbial activity and metabolomic composition of rumen microbiomes from the 78 most extreme animals. Lower richness of microbiome gene content and taxa was tightly linked to higher feed efficiency. Microbiome genes and species accurately predicted the animals' feed-efficiency phenotype. Specific enrichment of microbes and metabolic pathways in each of these microbiome groups resulted in increasing valuable metabolites and decreasing unusable ones such as methane in efficient animals. This ecological and mechanistic understanding of the rumen microbiome could lead to an increase in available food resources and environmentally friendly livestock agriculture.
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Droby, S., J. L. Norelli, M. E. Wisniewski, S. Freilich, A. Faigenboim, and C. Dardick. Microbial networks on harvested apples and the design of antagonistic consortia to control postharvest pathogens. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134164.bard.
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We have demonstrated, at a global level, the existence of spatial variation in the fungal and bacterial composition of different fruit tissues. The composition, diversity and abundance varied in fruit harvested in different geographical locations and suggests a potential link between location and the type and rate of postharvest diseases that develop in each country. The global core microbiome of apple fruit was determined and found to be represented by several beneficial microbial taxa and accounted for a large fraction of the fruit microbial community. To further characterize apple fruit the microbiome after harvest, a detailed study was performed to evaluate effects of postharvest practices on the composition of the fruit peel. Microbiota. Results of this work conformed our findings that tissue-type is the main factor driving fungal and bacterial diversity and community composition on apple fruit. Both postharvest treatments and low temperature storage had a great impact on the fungal and bacterial diversity and community composition of these tissue types. Distinct spatial and temporal changes in the composition and diversity of the microbiota were observed in response to various postharvest management practices. Our results clearly indicated that apple fruit has a unique core microbiome that is universal. Analysis of the microbiome across Malus species indicates that the microbiome of domesticated apple has a higher diversity and abundance and is an admixture of the microbiome present in its wild progenitors, with clear evidence for introgression. These findings support the existence of co-evolution between Malus species and their microbiome during domestication. A network analysis of the metagenomics data was used to further elucidate functional differences between the microbiome of organic vs. conventional fruit. Our analysis predicted a link between Capnodiales and the degradation of aromatic compounds. Alternaria, a genus in the Capnodiales genus, is one of the main pathogens of stored apple fruit and was also abundant in our samples. The potential role of Alternaria in the degradation of aromatic compounds is in agreement with previous studies indicating a link between Alternaria and the metabolism of the aromatic compound, alphafarnesene38, a key volatile secreted by the fruit during maturation. A greater number of metabolic pathways related to plant defense substances (e.g. terpenoids and alkaloids) were identified in the microbiome of organic fruit samples, while more antibiotic-related metabolic pathways for compounds such as Erythromycin, Avermectin, Ansamycin, and Penicillin were present in the microbiome of apple fruit samples grown using conventional management practices.
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Álvarez Mercado, Ana Isabel. Mejorar la salud de la microbiota para mantenernos sanos. Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18567/sebbmdiv_r.202406.
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Neyens, Jordan. Colorectal Cancer, Gut Microbiota, and Diet: What's the Connection? Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-382.
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guan, wenyu, xiaofei dang, weihua yang, yunshan wang, xiaoping wang, ruibin zhang, and chunling wu. Gut microbiota and its metabolites in CKD-related constipation. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.8.0088.
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Schokker, Dirkjan, Petra Roubos, Evelien Alderliesten, Arie Kies, Els Willems, and Mari Smits. Integration of multiple gut microbiota datasets of pigs and broilers. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/426339.
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Tovani Palone, Marcos Roberto, and Vivian Patricia Saldias Vargas. Las fisuras labiopalatinas frente al equilibrio de la microbiota gastrointestinal. Buenos Aires: siicsalud.com, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21840/siic/144114.
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