Journal articles: 'Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC)'

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Khan, Muhammad Saleem, Tao Liang, Yuzhi Liu, Yunzhu Shi, Huanhuan Zhang, Hongyu Li, Shifeng Guo, Haobo Pan, Ke Yang, and Ying Zhao. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Mechanism of Ferrous Alloys in Marine Environment." Metals 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091458.

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In marine environments, microbial attacks on metallic materials result in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), which could cause severe safety accidents and high economic losses. To date, MIC of a number of metallic materials ranging from common steels to corrosion-resistant ferrous alloys has been reported. The MIC process has been explained based on (1) bio-catalyzed oxygen reduction; (2) kinetics alternation of the corrosion process by increasing the mass transport of the reactants and products; (3) production of corrosive substances; and (4) generation of auxiliary cathodic reactants. However, it is difficult to have a clear understanding of the MIC mechanism of ferrous alloys due to the interdisciplinary nature of MIC and lack of deep knowledge about the interfacial reaction between the biofilm and ferrous alloys. In order to better understand the effect of the MIC process on ferrous alloys, here we comprehensively summarized the process of biofilm formation and MIC mechanisms of ferrous alloys.

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Bhola, Rahul, Shaily M. Bhola, Brajendra Mishra, and David L. Olson. "Microbiologically influenced corrosion and its mitigation: (A review)." Material Science Research India 7, no. 2 (February 8, 2010): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/070210.

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The microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the most common forms of corrosion that results from the presence and activity of microorganisms. The presence of microorganism aids in the formation of a bio film and constitutes various bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substrates (EPS) and corrosion products. In this paper, a review on the importance of MIC and various ways to mitigate has been introduced; a brief description of the physical, chemical, electrochemical and biological mitigation methods for MIC has been included and EPS formation mechanism, chemical composition, properties and its influence on corrosion has been discussed.

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Machuca Suarez, Laura, and Anthony Polomka. "Microbiologically influenced corrosion in floating production systems." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18050.

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) represents a serious and challenging problem in Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading vessels (FPSOs), one of the most common type of offshore oil production facilities in Australia. Microorganisms can attach to metal surfaces, which under certain conditions, can result in corrosion rates in excess of 10 mm per year (mmpy) leading to equipment failure before their expected lifetime. Particularly, increasing water cut (ratio of water vs. total fluids produced), normally resulting from the age of the assets, results in an increased risk of MIC. This paper provides an overview of causative microorganisms, their source of contamination and the areas within FPSOs that are most prone to MIC. Although mitigation practices such as chemical treatments, flushing and draining and even cathodic protection are effective, MIC can still occur if the systems are not properly monitored and managed. A case study is presented that describes the microorganisms identified in a FPSO operating in Australia suspected of having MIC issues.

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Dorion, Jean-François, and John Hadjigeorgiou. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) of Ground Support." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-01028-3.

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Blackwood, Daniel. "An Electrochemist Perspective of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 1, no. 1 (August 9, 2018): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd1010005.

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a major concern in a wide range of industries, with claims that it contributes 20% of the total annual corrosion cost. The focus of this present work is to review critically the most recent proposals for MIC mechanisms, with particular emphasis on whether or not these make sense in terms of their electrochemistry. It is determined that, despite the long history of investigating MIC, we are still a long way from really understanding its fundamental mechanisms, especially in relation to non-sulphate reducing bacterial (SRB) anaerobes. Nevertheless, we do know that both the cathodic polarization theory and direct electron transfer from the metal into the cell are incorrect. Electrically conducting pili also do not appear to play a role in direct electron transfer, although these could still play a role in aiding the mass transport of redox mediators. However, it is not clear if the microorganisms are just altering the local chemistry or if they are participating directly in the electrochemical corrosion process, albeit via the generation of redox mediators. The review finishes with suggestions on what needs to be done to further our understanding of MIC.

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(SANDY) SHARP, W. B. A., and LYNDA A. KIEFER. "Identifying microbially influenced corrosion on surfaces contacted by mill waters." November 2015 14, no. 11 (December 1, 2015): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.11.711.

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This introduction to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) describes how bacteria can cause MIC where inadequate disinfection of mill water or white water allows biofilms to grow on metal surfaces. Although planktonic bacteria (that float in solution) rarely cause corrosion, sessile bacteria (that adhere to surfaces) can produce corrosive chemicals or promote under-deposit corrosion. The diagnosis of MIC requires knowledge not only of corrosion processes, but also of microbiology, water treatment, and plant operations. Although the presence of bacteria does not prove that the corrosion was caused by MIC, factors such as the presence in the corroded area of bacteria that can cause MIC, of chemical indicators of MIC, of features of the corrosion damage that are characteristic of MIC, and recent operational changes that could have enhanced the activity of microorganisms can combine to provide compelling evidence. Because of the complexity of mill water environments, test data must be reviewed with care because of the possibility that other components of the water could have interfered with the analytical results.

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Yazdi, Mohammad, Faisal Khan, and Rouzbeh Abbassi. "Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) management using Bayesian inference." Ocean Engineering 226 (April 2021): 108852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108852.

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Kiani Khouzani, Mahdi, Abbas Bahrami, Afrouzossadat Hosseini-Abari, Meysam Khandouzi, and Peyman Taheri. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of a Pipeline in a Petrochemical Plant." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040459.

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This paper investigates a severe microbiologically influenced failure in the elbows of a buried amine pipeline in a petrochemical plant. Pipelines can experience different corrosion mechanisms, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC, a form of biodeterioration initiated by microorganisms, can have a devastating impact on the reliability and lifetime of buried installations. This paper provides a systematic investigation of a severe MIC-related failure in a buried amine pipeline and includes a detailed microstructural analysis, corrosion products/biofilm analyses, and monitoring of the presence of causative microorganisms. Conclusions were drawn based on experimental data, obtained from visual observations, optical/electron microscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)/X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Additionally, monitoring the presence of causative microorganisms, especially sulfate-reducing bacteria which play the main role in corrosion, was performed. The results confirmed that the failure, in this case, is attributable to sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which is a long-known key group of microorganisms when it comes to microbial corrosion.

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Mohd Zaidi, Muhammad Aiman Faiz, Mohammad Najmi Masri, and Wee Seng Kew. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Iron by Nitrate Reducing Bacillus Sp." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012066.

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Abstract Iron has played a crucial role in the human ecosystem currently in transportation, manufacturing, and infrastructure. Iron oxide is known as rust, usually the reddish-brown oxide formed by iron and oxygen reactions in moisture from water or air. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a significant problem to the economic damage, especially in industrial sectors and its direct presence with nitrate/iron-reducing bacteria. This paper aims to explore the MIC of iron by nitrate-reducing Bacillus sp. including the redox reaction occurs, microbiologically influenced corrosion, iron/nitrate-reducing and mechanisms of microbial iron/nitrate reduction.

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Liu, Li, Xiaodi Wu, Qihui Wang, Zhitao Yan, Xin Wen, Jun Tang, and Xueming Li. "An overview of microbiologically influenced corrosion: mechanisms and its control by microbes." Corrosion Reviews 40, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2021-0039.

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Abstract Metallic materials are widely utilized in the fields of industry, agriculture, transportation and daily life for their high mechanical strength, and relatively low cost. However, the microorganisms that are widely distributed in surroundings can have complicated interactive reactions with metallic materials. The microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) has caused serious economic losses and resource wastage for human society. To date, great efforts have been made in the mechanism of MIC and control methods. This work describes the research findings on MIC developed in the recent years, and studies on the common microbial species that affect metal corrosion. The other aim of this paper is to review the accelerating or inhibiting mechanism in metal corrosion. Also, it provides an outlook for research on MIC.

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Mohd Rasol, Rosilawati, Akrima Abu Bakar, Norhazilan Md Noor, Yahaya Nordin, and Mardhiah Ismail. "Microbiologically Induced Corrosion Monitoring Using Open-Circuit Potential (OCP) Measurements." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.294.

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This study investigates how sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) influence the process of microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel by measuring corrosion potential using open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements. MIC is mainly influenced byDesulfovibrio vulgaris, formerly known asDesulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. Desulfuricans, deposited asspirillum desulfuricans, which produces D(-)-lactate dehydrogenase. This strain was recommended by ATCC to be used in the tests described in ASTM. A pure colony of SRB was isolated from the Baram and Sungai Ular areas in Malaysia. An evaluation of SRB growth was performed during the test in the inoculated medium anaerobically at 37 ̊. The results showed that the corrosion potentialEocincreases in the presence of SRB in pure and mixed cultures as compared to the control sample. These results indicate that the SRB caused the metal loss on the carbon steel surface through direct corrosive action of the H2S generated by the bacteria during their metabolic process of reducing sulfates to the sulfide form.

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Huttunen-Saarivirta, E., M. Honkanen, T. Lepistö, V. T. Kuokkala, L. Koivisto, and C. G. Berg. "Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in stainless steel heat exchanger." Applied Surface Science 258, no. 17 (June 2012): 6512–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.068.

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Trif, László, Abdul Shaban, and Judit Telegdi. "Electrochemical and surface analytical techniques applied to microbiologically influenced corrosion investigation." Corrosion Reviews 36, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0032.

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AbstractSuitable application of techniques for detection and monitoring of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of the interactions and for selecting inhibition and control approaches. This paper presents a review of the application of electrochemical and surface analytical techniques in studying the MIC process of metals and their alloys. Conventional electrochemical techniques, such as corrosion potential (Ecorr), redox potential, dual-cell technique, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (EN) analysis, and microelectrode techniques, are discussed, with examples of their use in various MIC studies. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, which is newly used in MIC study, is also discussed. Microscopic techniques [scanning electron microscopy (SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser microscopy (CLM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), confocal Raman microscopy] and spectroscopic analytical methods [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)] are also highlighted. This review highlights the heterogeneous characteristics of microbial consortia and use of special techniques to study their probable effects on the metal substrata. The aim of this review is to motivate using a combination of new procedures for research and practical measurement and calculation of the impact of MIC and biofilms on metals and their alloys.

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Webster, B. J., S. E. Werner, D. B. Wells, and P. J. Bremer. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Copper in Potable Water Systems—pH Effects." Corrosion 56, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3280598.

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Abstract Copper tubing used in potable water plumbing systems occasionally experiences reactions that lead to the release of copper corrosion by-products into the water. The main factor controlling microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of copper has been identified as a decrease in pH, which in conjunction with the incorporation of bacterially produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the copper oxide film, decreases the protective nature of the film. The biofilm (bacteria and EPS) is believed to have a secondary role to the nature of the oxide film in controlling the rate of corrosion. MIC was produced in laboratory reactors containing copper electrodes exposed to simulated potable water in the presence of a biofilm composed of microorganisms isolated from afield site. In the presence of the biofilm, small but significant reductions in pH occurred—from an initial value of 7.5 to between 6.5 and 6.9. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it was shown that the presence of a biofilm caused instances of higher corrosion rates similar to those measured in inorganic tests atpH 6.8. Modeling the oxide film as a thin barrier layer covered by a porous layer, EIS data revealed similarities between the oxide structure on samples experiencing MIC to samples exposed in sterile tests at pH 6.8.

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Little, B., P. Wagner, and F. Mansfeld. "Test Methods for Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in Marine Environments." Materials Science Forum 111-112 (January 1992): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.111-112.1.

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Starosvetsky, J., D. Starosvetsky, and R. Armon. "Identification of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in industrial equipment failures." Engineering Failure Analysis 14, no. 8 (December 2007): 1500–1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.01.020.

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Spark, Amy, Kai Wang, Ivan Cole, David Law, and Liam Ward. "Microbiologically influenced corrosion: a review of the studies conducted on buried pipelines." Corrosion Reviews 38, no. 3 (June 3, 2020): 231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2019-0108.

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AbstractBuried pipelines are essential for the delivery of potable water around the world. A key cause of leaks and bursts in these pipelines, particularly those fabricated from carbon steel, is the accelerated localized corrosion due to the influence of microbes in soil. Here, studies conducted on soil corrosion of pipelines' external surface both in the field and the laboratory are reviewed with a focus on scientific approaches, particularly the techniques used to determine the action and contribution of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The review encompasses water pipeline studies, as well as oil and gas pipeline studies with similar corrosion mechanisms but significantly higher risks of failure. Significant insight into how MIC progresses in soil has been obtained. However, several limitations to the current breadth of studies are raised. Suggestions based on techniques from other fields of work are made for future research, including the need for a more systematic methodology for such studies.

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Malarvizhi, S., and Shyamala R. Krishnamurthy. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel Exposed to Biodiesel." International Journal of Corrosion 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4308487.

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Environmental concerns over worsening air pollution problems caused by emissions from vehicles and depletion of fossil fuels have forced us to seek fuels such as biodiesel which can supplement petrofuels. Biodiesels have the ability to retain water and provide a conducive environment for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) which may cause difficulties during transportation, storage, and their use. This paper analyses the influence of bacteria on the corrosivity of biodiesel obtained from Jatropha curcas on carbon steel using mass loss method. Carbon steel showed the highest corrosion rates in B100 (100% biodiesel) both in the presence and in absence of bacteria. The surface analysis of the metal was carried out using SEM.

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Kalnaowakul, Phuri, Trinet Yingsamphancharoen, Ke Yang, Dake Xu, and Aphichart Rodchanarowan. "Electrochemical Investigations of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion on 316L-Cu Stainless Steel by Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3625.

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is becoming more often a risk factor in several industries, such as offshore, cooling water systems and construction. The Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica (P. lipolytica) is a highly corrosive aerobic marine bacterium. In this work, the 316L-Cu SS was investigated the corrosion behavior under the abiotic medium and biotic medium of P. lipolytica. Based on the electrochemical analysis, the corrosion current density (icorr) under the biotic medium is higher than that under the abiotic medium. The presence of P. lipolytica has led to the dissolution of the passive film of 316L-Cu SS, which initiates the localized pitting corrosion. However, the addition of Cu in 316L SS by melting in the vacuum induction furnace improved more corrosion-resistant than without the addition of Cu.

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Sheng, Xiao Xia, Yen Peng Ting, and Simo Olavi Pehkonen. "Inhibition of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Mild Steel and Stainless Steel 316 by an Organic Inhibitor." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.379.

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a serious problem that continues to plague many industrial systems. In this study, a method to prevent MIC by the use of an azole-type organic compound on the metal substrates was studied. Inhibition of MIC of mild steel and stainless steel 316 by 2-Methylbenzimidazole (MBI) in seawater with sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). MBI was shown to be an effective inhibitor in controlling MIC by two strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria: Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, and a local marine isolate. EIS analysis shows an increase in charge transfer resistance for both mild steel and stainless steel 316 after the addition of MBI in the aqueous solution. AFM analyses show a decrease in the surface roughness and pit depth after the addition of MBI. Of the two bacterial strains, it is found that MBI is more effective in the inhibition of corrosion by D. desulfuricans. At a concentration of 1mM, MBI shows a higher MIC inhibition effect on stainless steel 316 (corrosion inhibition 99.5%) than on the mild steel (corrosion inhibition 59.4%). These results indicate that MBI shows potential application in the inhibition of MIC of metal substrates.

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Wang, Junlei, Hongfang Liu, Pruch Kijkla, Sith Kumseranee, Suchada Punpruk, Magdy El-Said Mohamed, Mazen A. Saleh, and Tingyue Gu. "Comparison of 304 SS, 2205 SS, and 410 SS Corrosion by Sulfate-Reducing Desulfovibrio ferrophilus." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (June 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3268404.

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Three types of stainless steel (304 SS, 410 SS, and 2205 SS) were evaluated for their corrosion behaviors in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by Desulfovibrio ferrophilus strain IS5, a relatively new and very corrosive sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) strain. The incubation lasted for 7 days in enriched artificial seawater at 28°C and the results showed that 410 SS had a rather large weight loss (6.2 mg/cm2) and a maximum pit depth (118 µm), but 2205 SS and 304 SS did not suffer from significant weight loss or pitting. Electrochemical tests indicated that 2205 SS was slightly more resistant to SRB MIC than 304 SS, while 410 SS was far less resistant.

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Lomakina, G. Yu. "Role of Biofilms in Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Metals." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 1 (88) (February 2020): 100–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-1-100-125.

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Data obtained in the recent years on the effect of bio-films in the development of metal microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) are summarized. The main way of sessile cells adaptation and survival on metal surfaces lies in formation of biofilms consisting of living cells surrounded by a multicomponent extracellular polymer substance (EPS). Biosystem created possesses new properties that are different from the properties of individual components. Biofilm ways of formation, growth and survival, functions of the extracellular matrix in regard to the microbial consortium and to the metal surface are presented. Mechanisms of biocorrosion involving the electron transmembrane transition from a metal to the living cell cytoplasm, as well as the extracellular pathways of metal oxidation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, are considered.

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Olesen, B. H., J. Lorenzen, B. V. Kjellerup, S. Ødum, P. H. Nielsen, and B. Frølund. "MIC mitigation in a 100 MW district heating peak load unit." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0098.

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During inspection of AISI316 stainless steel plate heat exchangers in a district heating peak load unit, localised corrosion attacks along with indications of microbiological activity were found on the boiler side beneath patches of sturdy black deposits. Bacteria and sulphide were detected within black deposits. Thorough investigation of the boiler system revealed several incidents of localised corrosion on low alloy steel along with deposits of organic matter and bacteria primarily in places with stagnant water or places operating at a low flow rate. A relatively large amount of bacteria was detected within the system, primarily in deposits and around corrosion sites. The observations suggested the combination of deposits and bacterial activity, being the major reason for the observed corrosion. Prior to the investigation, the boiler system had operated with cat-/anion-exchanged, de-aerated water for 3 years, during which the water fulfilled strict chemical limits set to minimise corrosion. Based on these findings, the system has been modified in order to minimise the risk of microbiologically influenced corrosion and a monitoring program for fouling and corrosion has been established.

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Javed, M. A., W. C. Neil, G. McAdam, J. W. Moreau, and S. A. Wade. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Stainless Steel by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria: A Tale of Caution." Corrosion 76, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3467.

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The influence of different experimental media composition and air purging on the potential for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of Type 304 stainless steel with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated. Modified Baar’s (MB) medium, MB medium without iron ions and supplemented with sodium chloride (MBN), and air purged MBN medium (MBO) were used. Pitting corrosion attack was found on the surface of the coupons for all of the conditions tested including the abiotic tests, and detailed statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the pitting results. General corrosion and maximum pit penetration rates also showed no difference between the coupons exposed to different test conditions. Interestingly, the pits found on the surface of the coupons in all of the tested conditions were comparable in size/shape and depth to that of the inclusions present on the surface of the stainless steel coupons. These findings suggest that (i) the test conditions studied do not lead to increased corrosion rates of stainless steel with SRBs and (ii) care needs to be taken to avoid the pitfall of misinterpreting the corrosion of inclusions present on the surface of stainless steels, which can occur as a result of cleaning of the coupons, as MIC pits.

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Stoytcheva, Margarita, Benjamin Valdez, Roumen Zlatev, Michael Schorr, Monica Carrillo, and Zdravka Velkova. "Microbially Induced Corrosion in the Mineral Processing Industry." Advanced Materials Research 95 (January 2010): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.95.73.

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A method for real time determination of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) rate provoked by bacteria Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans was developed and applied on carbon steel samples. It is based on biological oxygen demand (BOD) determination of solutions contained Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans performed by the application of a Clark type oxygen probe in especially designed measuring cell.

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Okeniyi, Joshua Olusegun, Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola, Modupe Elizabeth Ojewumi, Elizabeth Toyin Okeniyi, and Jacob Olumuyiwa Ikotun. "Tectona grandis Capped Silver-Nanoparticle Material Effects on Microbial Strains Inducing Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7161537.

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This paper investigates Tectona grandis capped silver nanoparticle material effects on the microbial strains inducing microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals. Leaf-extract from Tectona grandis natural plant was used as a precursor for the synthesis of silver-nanoparticle material, which was characterised by a scanning electron microscopy having Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (SEM + EDS) facility. Sensitivity and resistance studies by the synthesized Tectona grandis capped silver nanoparticle material on three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative, thus totalling six, MIC inducing microbial strains were then studied and compared with what was obtained from a control antibiotic chemical. Results showed that all the microbial strains studied were sensitive to the Tectona grandis capped silver nanoparticle materials whereas two strains of microbes, a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative strain, were resistant to the commercial antibiotic chemical. These results suggest positive prospects on Tectona grandis capped silver nanoparticle usage in corrosion control/protection applications on metallic materials for the microbial corrosion environment.

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Javaherdashti, Reza. "On the role of fluid characteristics on promoting microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC)." Fluid Mechanics research International Journal 3, no. 1 (2019): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/fmrij.2019.03.00047.

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Chen, Lijuan, Bo Wei, and Xianghong Xu. "Effect of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) on the Corrosion of Buried Pipe Steel in Acidic Soil Solution." Coatings 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060625.

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The influence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on the corrosion behaviors of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in a soil environment by electrochemical techniques and surface analysis. It was found that SRB grew well in the acidic soil environment and further attached to the coupon surface, resulting in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of the steel. The corrosion process of X80 steel was significantly affected by the SRB biofilm on the steel surface. Steel corrosion was inhibited by the highly bioactive SRB biofilm at the early stage of the experiment, while SRB can accelerate the corrosion of steel at the later stage of the experiment. The steel surface suffered severe pitting corrosion in the SRB-containing soil solution.

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Kaushal, Vinayak, and Mohammad Najafi. "Investigation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Concrete in Sanitary Sewer Pipes and Manholes: Field Surveys and Laboratory Assessment." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 3, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2202027.

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of concrete in sanitary sewer pipe and manholes is the result of dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) dissolving the cement matrix. The acid is produced by a complex series of chemical and biochemical reactions. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the basic science of the MIC process starting with the various biological processes leading to the production of dilute sulfuric acid; (2) to discuss historical attempts to fortify concrete; (3) to present methods to reduce odors and corrosion; (4) to evaluate the technology behind the use of antimicrobial admixture. The literature review and authors’ on-site and laboratory investigations suggest that MIC of concrete is a complex process that involves varied surface interactions. The addition of liquid antimicrobial additive as per ASTM standard procedure shows the resistance of concrete to MIC and its direct relation with the mixing time of admixture. Many empirical inputs like corrosion areas, corrosion rates, the impact of cement, and aggregate types varying with installation and repair of sewer structures are identified. The results of this study show that with the use of antimicrobial in the concrete, there was no growth of Thiobacillus bacteria and hence no acid production. This research facilitates both the science and long-term field experiences for the use of antimicrobial technology to provide reductions in the acid causing bacteria in sanitary manholes, pump stations and other concrete structures.

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Al-Saadi, Saad, and R. K. Singh Raman. "Silane Coatings for Corrosion and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel: A Review." Materials 15, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 7809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217809.

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Mild steel continues to be the most extensively used construction material in several industries and constructions. However, corrosion of mild steel in aggressive environments is a major concern. Under the tremendously increasing demand for improving the coatings strategies because of the environmental concerns due to some of the traditional coatings, silane pre-treatments have been emerging as one of the effective solutions, among other strategies. Different approaches, such as adding particles of metal oxide (such as SiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and CeO2), incorporating plant extracts and impregnating 2D materials into the coatings, have been employed for durable corrosion resistance, including for mitigating enhanced corrosion due to the presence of bacteria. This review discusses the critical mechanistic features of silane coatings such as the role of hydrolysis and condensation in the bonding of silanes with metal surfaces. The factors that influence the performance of the silane coatings for corrosion resistance of mild steel are discussed. In particular, this review provides insight into silane coatings for mitigating microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of mild steel.

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Guo, Huihua, Rui Zhong, Bo Liu, Jike Yang, Zhiyong Liu, Cuiwei Du, and Xiaogang Li. "Characteristic and Mechanistic Investigation of Stress-Assisted Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of X80 Steel in Near-Neutral Solutions." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010390.

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The behavior and mechanisms of the stress-assisted microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of X80 pipeline steel induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were investigated using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB). Electrochemical results show that SRB and stress have a synergistic effect on the corrosion of X80 steel. SRB accelerated the transformation of Fe3O4 into iron-sulfur compounds and may have caused the film breakage of X80 steel products. The obtained FIB results provide direct evidence that SRB promotes the corrosion of X80 steel.

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Pope, Robert K., Tyrone L. Daulton, Richard I. Ray, and Brenda J. Little. "Adaptation Of Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (ETEM) And Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry (EELS) For Studies Of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 904–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037016.

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is of wide concern in marine and non-marine environments. Biofilms and corrosion products associated with microorganisms cause numerous problems in aqueous environments, such as increased fluid frictional resistance, reduced heat transfer, and many types of corrosion, all of which can lead to failure of materials. Corrosion of metals has been extensively examined using TEM, but examination of MIC with TEM has only just begun (Blunn, 1986; Chio, 1996). Previous studies examining microbial colonization of copper surfaces and distribution throughout corrosion products demonstrate copper immobilization by bacterial biofilms (Blunn, 1987). In the current study, Pseudomonasputida attachment to corroding iron particles was examined in a sealed environmental cell in a JEOL 3010 scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).Iron filings were produced from carbon steel (C1010) using 600 grit sandpaper, collected with a teflon coated magnet, degreased in acetone and sterilized in ethanol. Filings were incubated in distilled water until corrosion was visible under a dissecting microscope.

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Hashemi, Seyed Javad, Nicholas Bak, Faisal Khan, Kelly Hawboldt, Lianne Lefsrud, and John Wolodko. "Bibliometric Analysis of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) of Oil and Gas Engineering Systems." CORROSION 74, no. 4 (November 18, 2017): 468–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2620.

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Abu Bakar, Akrima, Rosilawati Mohd Rasol, Yahaya Nordin, Norhazilan Md Noor, and Muhammad Khairool Fahmy bin Mohd Ali. "Turbidity Method to Measure the Growth of Anaerobic Bacteria Related to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.298.

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This study defines the interrelationship between turbidities and cell number counting efficiency for the growth of one of the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) species in a medium. The metabolism activities during bacteria growth can accelerate the corrosion process and shorten the reliability of pipelines. Thus, the investigation of MIC species’ development and metabolic activities is significant. An experiment was performed on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that practiced the medium as the substance to grow. Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a strain of SRB, was cultured in a postgate C medium to measure the bacteria survival using two different measurement methods. The medium was modified to pH 7.5 at 37°C and placed in anaerobic vials. During 24 hours of incubation, samples were retrieved, and the value of turbidity and cell numbers was measured. Based on the SRB growth graph pattern, the amount of bacteria cell numbers was increased parallel to the value of the medium’s turbidity in respect to time. Both values (turbidity and bacteria cell numbers) dramatically increased from hour1 to hour24. The results supported that the turbidity value was positively correlated with bacteria cell numbers.

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Natarajan, K. A. "Biofouling and Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.539.

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Stainless steels are among the most investigated materials on biofouling and microbially-influenced corrosion (MIC). Although, generally corrosion-resistant owing to tenacious and passive surface film due to chromium, stainless steels are susceptible to extensive biofouling in sub-soil, fresh water and sea water and chemical process environments. Biofilms influence their corrosion behavior due to corrosion potential ennoblement and sub-surface pitting. Both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms catalyse microbial corrosion of stainless steels through biotic and abiotic mechanisms. MIC of stainless steels is common adjacent to welds at the heat-affected zone. Both austenite and delta ferrite phases may be susceptible. Even super stainless steels are found to be amenable to biofouling and MIC. Microbiological, electrochemical as well as physicochemical aspects of MIC pertaining to stainless steels in different environments are analyzed.

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Purish, L. M., D. R. Abdulina, and G. O. Iutynska. "Inhibitors of Corrosion Induced by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 6 (December 17, 2021): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.06.095.

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Currently, a lot of researcher’s attention is devoted to the problem of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), since it causes huge damages to the economy, initiating the destruction of oil and gas pipelines and other underground constructions. To protect industrial materials from MIC effects an organic chemical inhibitors are massively used. However, the problem of their use is associated with toxicity, dangerous for the environment that caused the need for development the alternative methods of MIC repression. At the review, the data about different types of inhibitors-biocides usage has provided. The chemical inhibitors features are given and the mechanisms of their protective action are considered. The screening results and use of alternative and eco-friendly methods for managing the effect of corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are highlighted. Methods of joint application of chemical inhibitors and enhancers, such as chelators, biosurfactants, which contribute to reducing the concentration of chemical inhibitors, are discussed. The possibility of disruption of the quorum sensing interaction in the bacterial community to prevent the biofilm formation is considered. The information about the use of natural plant extracts, food waste, as well as by-products of agro-industrial production to combat MIC is provided. The development of biological corrosion control methods (to combat MIC) is of great importance for creating the best alternative and eco-friendly approaches to managing the effect of corrosion caused by SRB. The analysis of the literature data indicates the need to find the best alternatives and environmentally friendly solutions.

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Soleimani, S., B. Ormeci, O. B. Isgor, and S. Papavinasam. "Evaluation of biofilm performance as a protective barrier against biocorrosion using an enzyme electrode." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 1736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.091.

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Sulfide is known to be an important factor in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals and concrete deterioration in wastewater treatment structures and sewer pipelines. A sulfide biosensor was used to determine the effectiveness of Escherichia coli DH5α biofilm as a protective barrier against MIC. The biofilm was shown to be effective in protecting surfaces from sulfide and helping to reduce MIC using amperometric measurements. The results also indicated that the growth conditions of E. coli DH5α may have an impact on the performance of the biofilm as a sulfide barrier. The simple method provided in this work enables the comparison of several microbial biofilms and selection of the ones with potential to prevent MIC in a relatively short time.

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Suvarna, Kripa, K. Rajendra Udupa, and A. O. Surendranathan. "Microbial Effects on Heat Treated 316L Weldments in Marine Water." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 606–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.606.

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Austenitic stainless steels are susceptible to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) when they are in contact with sea water. This is due to the changes in the chemistry of the environment at the metal surface because of the settlement and activities of microorganisms. The thrust of our work was in understanding the changes in the electrochemical behaviour of a type 316L stainless steel in the presence of a natural biofilm as well as the influence of metallurgical characteristics on microbial adhesion and MIC. The presence of a biofilm on material surface can influence the corrosion behaviour since the value of a given parameter such as temperature, pressure, concentration of a solute and pH at the water /substrate interface under the biofilm may be different from that in the bulk environment. The non-uniform nature of biofilm thus helps in generating heterogeneity in the environment at the surface. Thus, biofilms are known to aid in the initiation of corrosion, change the mode of corrosion or cause changes in the corrosion rate. Bacteria Arthobacter nicotinae (An) and algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Cp) were used for the study and bio film formed due to these showed pit initiation and increase in corrosion rate as time proceeds. 316L base metal (BM) and weld metal (WM) as received and after heat treated at 450°C for 10000 hours were studied and corrosion evaluation was done. Heat treated WM showed severe response to corrosion compared to as received WM. Key Words: MIC, AISI 316L SS, biofilm, weld metal, localized corrosion.

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Yazdi, Mohammad, Faisal Khan, and Rouzbeh Abbassi. "A dynamic model for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) integrity risk management of subsea pipelines." Ocean Engineering 269 (February 2023): 113515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113515.

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LI, SONGMEI, YUANYUAN ZHANG, JIANHUA LIU, and MEI YU. "INFLUENCE OF THIOBACILLUS FERROXIDANS BIOFILM ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF STEEL A3." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (June 30, 2010): 3083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210066124.

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Electrochemical measurement and surface analysis methods were employed to investigate the Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) influenced by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans biofilm. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicated that the impedance value of steel A3 after 21 days of immersion in sterile solution was much higher than that of T.f solution. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) results showed the adsorption state of the microorganism on the metal surface for 7 days of exposure in T.f solution. The morphologies of the surface film were analyzed with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), which showed the changes with exposure time of the film on the metal surface. The special morphology and the heterogeneity of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans biofilm induced the localized corrosion of steel A3. After 21 days of exposure, general corrosion occurred in the sterile solution, while localized corrosion was detected under the effect of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

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Rasheed, Pathath Abdul, Ravi P. Pandey, Khadeeja A. Jabbar, Ayman Samara, Aboubakr M. Abdullah, and Khaled A. Mahmoud. "Chitosan/Lignosulfonate Nanospheres as “Green” Biocide for Controlling the Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel." Materials 13, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112484.

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In this work, uniform cross-linked chitosan/lignosulfonate (CS/LS) nanospheres with an average diameter of 150–200 nm have been successfully used as a novel, environmentally friendly biocide for the inhibition of mixed sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) culture, thereby controlling microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) on carbon steel. It was found that 500 µg·mL−1 of the CS/LS nanospheres can be used efficiently for the inhibition of SRB-induced corrosion up to a maximum of 85% indicated by a two fold increase of charge transfer resistance (Rct) on the carbon steel coupons. The hydrophilic surface of CS/LS can readily bind to the negatively charged bacterial surfaces and thereby leads to the inactivation or damage of bacterial cells. In addition, the film formation ability of chitosan on the coupon surface may have formed a protective layer to prevent the biofilm formation by hindering the initial bacterial attachment, thus leading to the reduction of corrosion.

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Kato, Souichiro, Isao Yumoto, and Yoichi Kamagata. "Isolation of Acetogenic Bacteria That Induce Biocorrosion by Utilizing Metallic Iron as the Sole Electron Donor." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 1 (October 10, 2014): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02767-14.

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ABSTRACTCorrosion of iron occurring under anoxic conditions, which is termed microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) or biocorrosion, is mostly caused by microbial activities. Microbial activity that enhances corrosion via uptake of electrons from metallic iron [Fe(0)] has been regarded as one of the major causative factors. In addition to sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in marine environments, acetogenic bacteria in freshwater environments have recently been suggested to cause MIC under anoxic conditions. However, no microorganisms that perform acetogenesis-dependent MIC have been isolated or had their MIC-inducing mechanisms characterized. Here, we enriched and isolated acetogenic bacteria that induce iron corrosion by utilizing Fe(0) as the sole electron donor under freshwater, sulfate-free, and anoxic conditions. The enriched communities produced significantly larger amounts of Fe(II) than the abiotic controls and produced acetate coupled with Fe(0) oxidation prior to CH4production. Microbial community analysis revealed thatSporomusasp. andDesulfovibriosp. dominated in the enrichments. Strain GT1, which is closely related to the acetogenSporomusa sphaeroides, was eventually isolated from the enrichment. Strain GT1 grew acetogenetically with Fe(0) as the sole electron donor and enhanced iron corrosion, which is the first demonstration of MIC mediated by a pure culture of an acetogen. Other well-known acetogenic bacteria, includingSporomusa ovataandAcetobacteriumspp., did not grow well on Fe(0). These results indicate that very few species of acetogens have specific mechanisms to efficiently utilize cathodic electrons derived from Fe(0) oxidation and induce iron corrosion.

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Beale, David J., Avinash V. Karpe, Snehal Jadhav, Tim H. Muster, and Enzo A. Palombo. "Omics-based approaches and their use in the assessment of microbial-influenced corrosion of metals." Corrosion Reviews 34, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2015-0046.

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AbstractMicrobial-influenced corrosion (MIC) has been known to have economic, environmental, and social implications to offshore oil and gas pipelines, concrete structures, and piped water assets. While corrosion itself is a relatively simple process, the localised manner of corrosion makes in situ assessments difficult. Furthermore, corrosion assessments tend to be measured as part of a forensic investigation. Compounding the issue further is the impact of microbiological/biofilm processes, where corrosion is influenced by the complex processes of different microorganisms performing different electrochemical reactions and secreting proteins and metabolites that can have secondary effects. While traditional microbiological culture-dependent techniques and electrochemical/physical assessments provide some insight into corrosion activity, the identity and role of microbial communities that are related to corrosion and corrosion inhibition in different materials and in different environments are scarce. One avenue to explore MIC and MIC inhibition is through the application of omics-based techniques, where insight into the bacterial population in terms of diversification and their metabolism can be further understood. As such, this paper discusses the recent progresses made in a number of fields that have used omics-based applications to improve the fundamental understanding of biofilms and MIC processes.

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Cwalina, Beata, Weronika Dec, Wojciech Simka, Joanna Michalska, and Marzena Jaworska-Kik. "Biofilm Formation on NiTi Surface by Different Strains of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans)." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.302.

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Bacteria of Desulfovibrio genus belong to group of widespread sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). D. desulfuricans is considered one among many bacterial species involved in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals, mainly of stainless steels and other alloys. SRB can produce gaseous hydrogen sulphide. This gas is released into the environment leading to formation of metal sulphides that significantly influence electrochemical processes and ultimately enhance the corrosion of materials. Biofilms formed by these bacteria are especially harmful for highly alloyed steels and many alloys. The aim of this work was to compare the character of growth and biofilm formation by three strains of D. desulfuricans (standard soil strain DSM and two wild intestinal strains: DV/A and DV/B) on the surface of NiTi alloy.

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Płaza, Grażyna, and Varenyam Achal. "Biosurfactants: Eco-Friendly and Innovative Biocides against Biocorrosion." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062152.

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Corrosion influenced by microbes, commonly known as microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC), is associated with biofilm, which has been one of the problems in the industry. The damages of industrial equipment or infrastructures due to corrosion lead to large economic and environmental problems. Synthetic chemical biocides are now commonly used to prevent corrosion, but most of them are not effective against the biofilms, and they are toxic and not degradable. Biocides easily kill corrosive bacteria, which are as the planktonic and sessile population, but they are not effective against biofilm. New antimicrobial and eco-friendly substances are now being developed. Biosurfactants are proved to be one of the best eco-friendly anticorrosion substances to inhibit the biocorrosion process and protect materials against corrosion. Biosurfactants have recently became one of the important products of bioeconomy with multiplying applications, while there is scare knowledge on their using in biocorrosion treatment. In this review, the recent findings on the application of biosurfactants as eco-friendly and innovative biocides against biocorrosion are highlighted.

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Olivia, Monita, Navid Moheimani, Reza Javaherdashti, Hamid R. Nikraz, and Michael A. Borowitzka. "The Influence of Micro Algae on Corrosion of Steel in Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete: A Preliminary Study." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.861.

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Chloride is not the only main cause of corrosion of reinforced concrete structures in seawater environment. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and microalgae, in the seawater can induce microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) that leads to degradation of the concrete structures by formation of biofilm on the metallic surface. In this preliminary study, the impact of microalgae on the corrosion of steel reinforced bars in fly ash geopolymer concrete was studied. Corrosion potential, algae cells number, and pH measurement were carried out for fly ash geopolymer concrete and a control mix (Ordinary Portland Cement) samples. The results indicate that the corrosion potential of fly ash geopolymer concrete was influenced by the cathodic reaction during photosynthesis activities. The geopolymer concrete in algae-inoculated medium was found to be more tolerant to algal growth than the control mix (OPC concrete). There was a positive correlation between algae cell densities and the potential reading of the geopolymer.

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Akita, Hironaga, Yoshiki Shinto, and Zen-ichiro Kimura. "Bacterial Community Analysis of Biofilm Formed on Metal Joint." Applied Biosciences 1, no. 2 (September 6, 2022): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci1020014.

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is caused by biofilms formed on metal surfaces, and MIC of metal alloys on marine infrastructure leads to severe accidents and great economic losses. Although bacterial community analyses of the biofilms collected from corroded metal have been studied, the analyses of biofilms collected from uncorroded metal are rarely reported. In this study, a biofilm formed on an uncorroded metal joint attached to a metal dock mooring at Akitsu Port was used as a model for bacterial community analysis. The bacterial community was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial species contained in the biofilms were identified at the genus level, and Alkanindiges bacteria were the dominant species, which have been not reported as the dominant species in previous research on MIC. The genome sequences of known Alkanindiges bacteria do not have conserved gene clusters required to cause metal corrosion, which suggests that Alkanindiges bacteria do not corrode metals but act on the formation of biofilms. Those findings indicated that the bacterial community may change significantly during the process from biofilm formation to the occurrence of metal corrosion.

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Li, Qing Fen, Chun Hui Li, Ping Long, and Li Li Xue. "Behavior of Microbiological Influenced Corrosion of the Ship Plate Steel in Marine Environment." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.25.

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The microbiological influenced corrosion (MIC) behaviors of the ship plate steel directly exposed in different medias (the sterile seawater, the ferrous bacteria solution and the sulfate-reducing bacteria solution) were investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Corrosion potential, electrochemical impedance and micrographs of specimens under different experimental conditions were obtained. Results show that the FB and SRB in the marine environment affect the corrosion behavior of the ship plate steel greatly. The corrosion process in FB and SRB environment was controlled by both bacteria and corrosion products. The mechanism of MIC is discussed.

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Monty-Bromer, Chelsea, Sai Prasanna Chinthala, Joshua Davis, Anwar Sadek, and John Senko. "Investigation of the Corrosion Mechanism for Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) Using a Split-Chamber Zero Resistance Ammetry Technique." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 16 (July 7, 2022): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0116992mtgabs.

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the most aggressive forms of corrosion leasing to infrastructure and equipment damage in various industries, including oil and gas, water systems, medical devices, marine environments, nuclear waste storage facilities, and aviation fuel systems and storage. During the last 10 year, PHMSA estimates that MIC has caused 503 internal corrosion incidents at a reported property damage of $188 million and a loss of 53,000 barrels of oil. Some common bacteria associated with MIC are sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), iron and CO2 reducing bacteria and iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria. SRB are generally considered the most aggressive group of bacteria in pipeline systems that causes MIC and pitting, especially of carbon steel in the oil and gas industry. SRB are facultative anaerobes and thrive in anoxic environments, using sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor and producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a metabolic byproduct. Furthermore, SRBs also can reduce both nitrate and thiosulfate and obtain their energy from organic nutrients, such as lactate. Electrochemical techniques to monitor for MIC focus on studying the electrochemical characteristics of the interface or mass transport properties of a system that are modified by the microbiological activities. Polarization sensors, such as the BIOX system or BioGeorge, use polarization based on a galvanic couple between a stainless steel electrode and a sacrificial anode. The measured galvanic current is proportional to biofilm that has grown on the electrode surface. Other electrochemical sensors use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or amperometry to measure biofilm thickness by comparing the electrochemical signatures of a reference channel (without bacteria) to a measurement channel (exposed to bacteria); while sensors based on electrochemical resistance use linear polarization measurements to determine the amount of biofilm on an electrode surface. Electro hydrodynamical impedance has also been used to measure the diffusion coefficient in a biofilm and correlate to biofilm growth and thickness. While these approaches can accurately predict the presence and/or thickness of a biofilm on a metal surface, they cannot determine the risk of MIC associated with biofilm formation, as the presence of a biofilm does not necessarily mean that a surface experiences MIC. Additionally, many of the techniques are destructive or require visual examination of the surface after analysis. This work presents a split-chamber zero resistance ammetry (SC-ZRA)-based approach to overcome the limitations to MIC monitoring described above and serve as a screening system to determine the risk of MIC associated with certain microorganisms or groups of microorganisms. Previous work using a split-chamber approach to assess MIC was used by Daumus for the study of stainless steel corrosion in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria, and subsequently used by Miller et al to evaluate MIC under aerobic, Fe (III)- and nitrate-reducing conditions. In this approach, two identical electrochemical cells (chambers) are separated by an ion-transport membrane. Each chamber contains an identical electrode of the same material which are electrically connected through a zero-resistance ammeter. When one of the chambers is inoculated with microorganisms, the galvanic current between the two electrodes is measured through the zero ammeter. This configuration mimics the microbiologically induced development of localized anodic and cathodic patches on a metal surface that leads to corrosion. The flow of electrons (difference in corrosion current between the two chambers) depends solely on the microbiological activities of bacteria in one of the two chambers, so the influence of the microorganisms on MIC, as well as the extent of corrosion, can be quantified. Using the SC-ZRA technique we were able to characterize the mechanism and electrochemical signatures of SRB corrosion. Specifically, we found that in split-chamber incubations containing an electron donor, electrons flow from the inoculated to the uninoculated chambers. While the current direction could be interpreted as electron transfer such as in a microbial fuel cell, these systems deploy inert graphite electrodes. When used for MIC characterization, the SC-ZRA uses reactive carbon steel electrodes. Indeed, when positive current was detected, greater corrosion was detected on WE1, which is consistent with redox couples, as well as previous work to characterize MIC using SC-ZRA measurements. After depletion of an electron donor, SRB uses electrons from the metals surface as an electron donor reversing the flow of electrons from the uninoculated to the inoculated chamber. In future work, this technique can be used to provide a mechanistic understanding and a monitoring tool for corrosion of metals that are exposed to SRB under a variety of redox regimes.

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Anandkumar, Balakrishnan, Rani P. George, Sundaram Maruthamuthu, Natarajan Parvathavarthini, and Uthandi Kamachi Mudali. "Corrosion characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and the role of molecular biology in SRB studies: an overview." Corrosion Reviews 34, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2016): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2015-0055.

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AbstractSulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), an anaerobic bacterial group, are found in many environments like freshwater, marine sediments, agricultural soil, and oil wells where sulfate is present. SRB derives energy from electron donors such as sulfate, elemental sulfur or metals, and fermenting nitrate. It is the major bacterial group involved in the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), souring, and biofouling problems in oil-gas-producing facilities as well as transporting and storage facilities. SRB utilizes sulfate ions as an electron acceptor and produce H2S, which is an agent of corrosion, causing severe economic damages. Various theories have been proposed on the direct involvement of H2S and iron sulfides in corrosion; H2S directly attacks and causes corrosion of metals and alloys. Many reviews have been presented on the aforementioned aspects. This review specifically focused on SRB corrosion and the role of molecular biology tools in SRB corrosion studies viz. cathodic and anodic depolarization theories, corrosion characteristics of thermophilic SRB and influence of hydrogenase, temperature, and pressure in thermophilic SRB corrosion, SRB taxonomy, molecular approaches adopted in SRB taxonomical studies, sulfate and citrate metabolism analyses in completed SRB genomes, and comparative studies on SRB’s dissimilatory sulfite reductase structures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC)'

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