Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial Resources Management'
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Liu, Yi-Nan, Sha Deng, Sakcham Bairoliya, and Bin Cao. "Mining microbial resources from water." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 191 (April 2023): 106883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.106883.
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Capozzi, Vittorio, Maria Tufariello, Carmen Berbegal, Mariagiovanna Fragasso, Nicola De Simone, Giuseppe Spano, Pasquale Russo, Pasquale Venerito, Francesco Bozzo, and Francesco Grieco. "Microbial Resources and Sparkling Wine Differentiation: State of the Arts." Fermentation 8, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8060275.
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Consumers’ increasing interest in sparkling wine has enhanced the global market’s demand. The pro-technological yeasts strains selected for the formulation of microbial starter cultures are a fundamental parameter for exalting the quality and safety of the final product. Nowadays, the management of the employed microbial resource is highly requested by stakeholders, because of the increasing economic importance of this oenological sector. Here, we report an overview of the production processes of sparkling wine and the main characterisation criteria to select Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces strains appropriate for the preparation of commercial starter cultures dedicated to the primary and, in particular, the secondary fermentation of sparkling wines. We also focused on the possible uses of selected indigenous strains to improve the unique traits of sparkling wines from particular productive areas. In summary, the sparkling wine industry will get an important advantage from the management of autochthonous microbial resources associated with vineyard/wine microbial diversity.
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Nardi, Tiziana. "Microbial Resources as a Tool for Enhancing Sustainability in Winemaking." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040507.
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In agriculture, the wine sector is one of the industries most affected by the sustainability issue. It is responsible for about 0.3% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic activities. Sustainability in vitiviniculture was firstly linked to vineyard management, where the use of fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals is a major concern. More recently, the contribution of winemaking, from grape harvest to bottling, has also been considered. Several cellar processes could be improved for reducing the environmental impact of the whole chain, including microbe-driven transformations. This paper reviews the potential of microorganisms and interactions thereof as a natural, environmentally friendly tool to improve the sustainability aspects of winemaking, all along the production chain. The main phases identified as potentially interesting for exploiting microbial activities to lower inputs are: (i) pre-fermentative stages, (ii) alcoholic fermentation, (iii) stage between alcoholic and malolactic fermentation, (iv) malolactic fermentation, (v) stabilization and spoilage risk management, and (vi) by-products and wastewater treatment. The presence of proper yeast or bacterial strains, the management and timing of inoculation of starter cultures, and some appropriate technological modifications that favor selected microbial activities can lead to several positive effects, including (among other) energy savings, reduction of chemical additives such as sulfites, and reuse of certain residues.
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Diao, Huan, Yan Xu, Lv-mu Li, and Qiang Tang. "Bioinformatics analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae M1, from microbial flocculation resources." BioResources 17, no. 3 (July 6, 2022): 4870–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4870-4885.
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The synthesis of a microbial flocculant is strictly controlled by its genetic genes, which may be the result of the expression of flocculant genes in the microbial genome. The whole genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae M1 was sequenced for obtaining the mechanism of flocculant synthesis and exploring the mechanism of flocculant production by flocculant bacteria. Therefore, it provided a basis for molecular genetics and functional genomic analysis of flocculants production bacteria. In this way, the mechanism of flocculant production by flocculating bacteria can be better explored. The whole genome sequence of flocculant strain M1 was determined using advanced second generation (Illumina) and third generation (PacBio) sequencing, which was screened from wheat alcohol wastewater. The genes related to flocculant characteristics produced by strain M1 were analyzed for combining with the analysis of flocculant structure characteristics. According to the de novo assembly, a total of 5,511,794 bp clean reads were generated and assembled into 24 contigs. The GC content was up to 58.39%. The genome contained approximately 5383 genes, but 5348 genes had obvious biological functions. A total of 437 genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and had coding genes of five carbohydrate-related enzymes. This result indicated that there were functional genes closely related to polysaccharide production in M1 genome. The main metabolic process of flocculant strain Klebsiella pneumoniae M1 was closely related to the potential pathway of extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis, in which five kinds of carbohydrate synthase genes were involved.
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Sarkar, Deepranjan, Amitava Rakshit, Ahmad I. Al-Turki, R. Z. Sayyed, and Rahul Datta. "Connecting Bio-Priming Approach with Integrated Nutrient Management for Improved Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crop Species." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040372.
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The increasing demand for qualitative and varietal foods by the consumer society is a big concern for energy production, and utilization of that energy in a judicious manner for sustainable management of resources is a big challenge in the eminent future. Existing resources (land, water, fertilizer, etc.) and their socioeconomic aspects warrant the farming community to adopt alternative strategies aimed at enhancing the use efficiency of inputs and improve the environmental quality. The adaptability of microbes to thrive in different environments has prompted scientists to introduce microbial intervention in the agricultural processes. Bio-priming has the potential to fulfill many objectives of the modern production system with the use of beneficial microorganisms in an eco-friendly manner. Interestingly, it also plays a crucial role in enhancing the nutrient use efficiency of crops. There is rising evidence of a paradigm shift from the use of a single microbe to a consortium approach for efficient rhizosphere engineering in the context of sustainable agriculture. Our understanding of different signaling cascades, rhizosphere chemistry, and other mechanisms of plant–microbial interactions will frame suitable strategies to harness the best ecosystem services including improved resource use efficiency.
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De Vero, Luciana, and Paolo Giudici. "Significance and management of acetic acid bacteria culture collections." Acetic Acid Bacteria 2, no. 1s (February 26, 2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aab.2013.s1.e9.
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Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are obligate aerobic microorganisms which have large significance in human life. Traditionally, AAB species have been used to produce fermented food and beverages thanks to their ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid. Moreover, in the last decades, they have been extensively investigated for other industrial biotechnology applications as the development of processes for highvalue products or biosensors. The potential exploitation of AAB diversity requires the existence of microbial culture collections, which are able to supply not only strains but essential data for fundamental microbial research. Therefore, microbial collections can be helpful to provide critical insights into AAB physiology and metabolism as well as integrate sequence data with transcriptional and functional studies to better define complex traits and develop new potential microbial processes. This article reviews the significance of microbial collections, with an overview of the well-known European Biological Resources Centers (BRCs) collecting AAB, and provides an insight into their cultivability and metabolic activity. It also discusses appropriate techniques in preserving <em>authentic</em> strains, quality control implications, databases and BRC networking as well as connections among collections and stakeholders.
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Gana, Mordecai, Jireh Taliya Kure, and Usman Ahmadu. "The application of metagenomics in hydrocarbon resource management." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 13 (2019): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061310.
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The last 5-10 years has witness a new proven field of research where explanation have been provided to non-cultured microbes. This uncultured microorganisms forms the major group of organisms found in most environment of the Earth. The science of metagenomics makes it possible to investigate resources which can be used to develop new enzymes, genes and several chemical compounds for use in biotechnology. Studies of microorganisms in pure laboratory culture for over a century have led to significant advances into microbial genetics and physiology, biotechnology and molecular biology. The rapid advancement in sequencing technology has brought about drastic reduction cost of sequencing thereby leading to increasing sequencing project been undertaken. This advancement has provided the privilege for the continual use of this sequencing technology to monitor microbes in the environment which before now are not available. While metagenomic applications have been used to consistently have a better understanding of ecology and microbial diversity, it is pertinent to note that its application in environmental monitoring and application is commonly increasing and has been one of the research areas in focus. To this end this article seek to provide a general overview of what metagenmics is, its principle and application in hydrocarbon resource management.
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Sharma, Poonam, Vivek Kumar Gaur, Sang-Hyoun Kim, and Ashok Pandey. "Microbial strategies for bio-transforming food waste into resources." Bioresource Technology 299 (March 2020): 122580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122580.
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Shahid, Mohammad, Sushmita Munda, Rubina Khanam, Dibyendu Chatterjee, Upendra Kumar, BS Satapathy, S. Mohanty, et al. "Climate resilient rice production system: Natural resources management approach." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, Special (April 22, 2021): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.spl.6.
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Climate change is widely recognized as one of the most pressing issues confronting humanity today. It is considered to be a direct threat to our food production system including rice. Climate change affects rice production in various ways. The variability in temperature and precipitation increases, predictability of seasonal weather patterns reduces and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods and cyclones increases. In India, the effect of natural disasters on agriculture, including disasters caused by climate change has been gradually growing. It is believed that during the mid and end century India's future rice production is projected to reduced by 2.5 to 5% from the current level. As there is less scope for rice area to grow in the future, any growth in rice production will have to come only from productivity gains. Since climate change is a continuous process, the rice production system requires specific adaptation strategies to prevent rice yield losses and its variability. Therefore, it's critical to understand how climate change affects rice crop and to follow better production practises including crop establishment methods, water management, weed management, nutrient management and microbial resources utilization that make cropping systems more resilient to extreme weather events. The spread of climate resilient production technologies would benefit rice production systems' resilience.
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Schijven, Jack, Julia Derx, Ana Maria de Roda Husman, Alfred Paul Blaschke, and Andreas H. Farnleitner. "QMRAcatch: Microbial Quality Simulation of Water Resources including Infection Risk Assessment." Journal of Environmental Quality 44, no. 5 (September 2015): 1491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.01.0048.
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Zhou, Z. H., and C. K. Wang. "Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2015): 11191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-11191-2015.
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Abstract. Microbial metabolism plays a key role in regulating the biogeochemical cycle of forest ecosystems, but the mechanisms driving microbial growth are not well understood. Here, we synthesized 689 measurements on soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) and related parameters from 207 independent studies published during the past 15 years across China's forest ecosystems. Our objectives were to (1) examine patterns in Cmic, Nmic, and microbial quotient (i.e., Cmic / Csoil and Nmic / Nsoil rates) by climate zones and management regimes for these forests; and (2) identify the factors driving the variability in the Cmic, Nmic, and microbial quotient. There was a large variability in Cmic (390.2 mg kg−1), Nmic (60.1 mg kg−1), Cmic : Nmic ratio (8.25), Cmic / Csoil rate (1.92 %), and Nmic / Nsoil rate (3.43 %) across China's forests, with coefficients of variation varying from 61.2 to 95.6 %. The natural forests had significantly greater Cmic and Nmic than the planted forests, but had less Cmic : Nmic ratio and Cmic / Csoil rate. Soil resources and climate together explained 24.4–40.7 % of these variations. The Cmic : Nmic ratio declined slightly with the Csoil : Nsoil ratio, and changed with latitude, mean annual temperature and precipitation, suggesting a plastic homeostasis of microbial carbon-nitrogen stoichiometry. The Cmic / Csoil and Nmic / Nsoil rates were responsive to soil resources and climate differently, suggesting that soil microbial assimilation of carbon and nitrogen be regulated by different mechanisms. We conclude that soil resources and climate jointly drive microbial growth and metabolism, and also emphasize the necessity of appropriate procedures for data compilation and standardization in cross-study syntheses.
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De Vero, Luciana, Maria Beatrice Boniotti, Marilena Budroni, Pietro Buzzini, Stefano Cassanelli, Roberta Comunian, Maria Gullo, et al. "Preservation, Characterization and Exploitation of Microbial Biodiversity: The Perspective of the Italian Network of Culture Collections." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120685.
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Microorganisms represent most of the biodiversity of living organisms in every ecological habitat. They have profound effects on the functioning of any ecosystem, and therefore on the health of our planet and of human beings. Moreover, microorganisms are the main protagonists in food, medical and biotech industries, and have several environmental applications. Accordingly, the characterization and preservation of microbial biodiversity are essential not only for the maintenance of natural ecosystems but also for research purposes and biotechnological exploitation. In this context, culture collections (CCs) and microbial biological resource centres (mBRCs) are crucial for the safeguarding and circulation of biological resources, as well as for the progress of life sciences. This review deals with the expertise and services of CCs, in particular concerning preservation and characterization of microbial resources, by pointing to the advanced approaches applied to investigate a huge reservoir of microorganisms. Data sharing and web services as well as the tight interconnection between CCs and the biotechnological industry are highlighted. In addition, guidelines and regulations related to quality management systems (QMSs), biosafety and biosecurity issues are discussed according to the perspectives of CCs and mBRCs.
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Paolinelli, Marcos, Laura Elizabeth Martinez, Sandra García-Lampasona, Camilo Diaz-Quirós, Marcelo Belmonte, Gastón Ahumada, Miguel Ángel Pirrone, et al. "Microbiome in soils of Mendoza: microbial resources for the development of agroecological management in viticulture." OENO One 57, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2023.57.1.5585.
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Rhizosphere microorganisms are considered an extension of plants, representing critical actors involved in the promotion of plant nutrient intake from the surrounding environment. Consequently, a great focus is being made on soil microorganisms since they are considered a promising source for crop resilience improvements under a global climate change scenario. To explore bacterial and fungal communities from arid soils in vineyards and their surroundings from two regions with very different climate and tillage histories, an amplicon sequencing analysis was performed. Specifically, Santa Rosa (SR) is in a region commonly known as the first zone, characterised by low altitude (607 m.a.s.l., Winkler V), while Gualtallary (G) is in the Uco Valley Zone, a region with high altitude (1245 m.a.s.l., Winkler III); both in the productive wine region of Mendoza. SR is characterised by its long cultivation history, while G is a recently cultivated region. Topsoil samples were collected and used for bacterial and fungal community profile characterisation. Ascomycota was the predominant phylum (38–97 %) in mycobiome composition, whereas Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum (26–34 %) in both regions. Moreover, the main factor explaining microbiome differences between regions was the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Anaerolineae and Gammaproteobacteria were a distinctive bacterial class in SR-cultivated soils. Azospirillales were highly abundant in SR uncultivated soils, while Rhizobiales were differentially abundant in G uncultivated soils. Regarding functional analysis, soils from SR showed a higher denitrification activity of nitrifiers as well as glucose-related metabolism, while in G soils, bacterial photosynthesis activities were a differential trait. In addition, Actinobacteria abundance was lower in SR-cultivated soils, indicating a higher susceptibility of this phylum to grapevine crop practices. These results allow the development of hypothetical models of the local microbial resources and their contribution to grapevine nutrition, which is highly important to elaborate recommendations for grapevine management to preserve soil health in vine areas of Mendoza.
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Enwall, Karin, Ingela N. Throb�ck, Maria Stenberg, Mats S�derstr�m, and Sara Hallin. "Soil Resources Influence Spatial Patterns of Denitrifying Communities at Scales Compatible with Land Management." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 7 (January 29, 2010): 2243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02197-09.
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ABSTRACT Knowing spatial patterns of functional microbial guilds can increase our understanding of the relationships between microbial community ecology and ecosystem functions. Using geostatistical modeling to map spatial patterns, we explored the distribution of the community structure, size, and activity of one functional group in N cycling, the denitrifiers, in relation to 23 soil parameters over a 44-ha farm divided into one organic and one integrated crop production system. The denitrifiers were targeted by the nirS and nirK genes that encode the two mutually exclusive types of nitrite reductases, the cd1 heme-type and copper reductases, respectively. The spatial pattern of the denitrification activity genes was reflected by the maps of the abundances of nir genes. For the community structure, only the maps of the nirS community were related to the activity. The activity was correlated with nitrate and dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon, whereas the gene pools for denitrification, in terms of size and composition, were influenced by the soil structure. For the nirS community, pH and soil nutrients were also important in shaping the community. The only unique parameter related to the nirK community was the soil Cu content. However, the spatial pattern of the nirK denitrifiers corresponded to the division of the farm into the two cropping systems. The different community patterns, together with the spatial distribution of the nirS/nirK abundance ratio, suggest habitat selection on the nirS- and nirK-type denitrifiers. Our findings constitute a first step in identifying niches for denitrifiers at scales relevant to land management.
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Banerji, Aabir, and Kasey Benesh. "Incorporating Microbial Species Interaction in Management of Freshwater Toxic Cyanobacteria: A Systems Science Challenge." Ecologies 3, no. 4 (November 26, 2022): 570–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecologies3040042.
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Water resources are critically important, but also pose risks of exposure to toxic and pathogenic microbes. Increasingly, a concern is toxic cyanobacteria, which have been linked to the death and disease of humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife in freshwater systems worldwide. Management approaches successful at reducing cyanobacterial abundance and toxin production have tended to be short-term solutions applied on small scales (e.g., algaecide application) or solutions that entail difficult multifaceted investments (e.g., modification of landscape and land use to reduce nutrient inputs). However, implementation of these approaches can be undermined by microbial species interactions that (a) provide toxic cyanobacteria with protection against the method of control or (b) permit toxic cyanobacteria to be replaced by other significant microbial threats. Understanding these interactions is necessary to avoid such scenarios and can provide a framework for novel strategies to enhance freshwater resource management via systems science (e.g., pairing existing physical and chemical approaches against cyanobacteria with ecological strategies such as manipulation of natural enemies, targeting of facilitators, and reduction of benthic occupancy and recruitment). Here, we review pertinent examples of the interactions and highlight potential applications of what is known.
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Diston, D., R. Robbi, A. Baumgartner, and R. Felleisen. "Microbial source tracking in highly vulnerable karst drinking water resources." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.215.
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Abstract Water resources situated in areas with underlying karst geology are particularly vulnerable to fecal pollution. In such vulnerable systems, microbial source tracking (MST) methods are useful tools to elucidate the pathways of both animal and human fecal pollution, leading to more accurate water use risk assessments. Here, we describe the application of a MST toolbox using both culture-dependent bacteriophage and molecular-dependent 16S rRNA assays at spring and well sites in the karstic St Imier Valley, Switzerland. Culture-dependent and molecular-dependent marker performance varied significantly, with the 16S rRNA assays displaying greater sensitivity than their phage counterpart; HF183 was the best performing human wastewater-associated marker while Rum2Bac was the best performing ruminant marker. Differences were observed in pollution regimes between the well and spring sampling sites, with the spring water being more degraded than the well site. Our results inform the choice of marker selection for MST studies and highlight differences in microbial water quality between well and spring karst sites.
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Kübeck, Christine, Carsten Hansen, Christoph König, Dorothea Denzig, and Wolfgang van Berk. "Model-based quality management of groundwater resources – catchment area Liedern, Germany." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.159.
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Strategies of groundwater protection in agricultural dominated areas are mainly based on a general reduction of the input of nutrients like nitrate. However, preventive measures in different parts of the catchment may provide very different effects on raw water quality. Exemplified on the case study ‘Liedern’ (BEW GmbH Bocholt, Germany) it is shown that hydrogeochemical processes along the flow path and in the well strongly affect the results of agricultural measures in terms of modality and efficiency. Thus, a reduction of fertilization in the vicinity of the well gallery leads to a decrease of nitrate concentration in the raw water. Whereas agricultural measures in the eastern part of the catchment do not influence nitrate, but cause a reduction of the iron concentration and rate of incrustation in the wells after 18 years. In this study we present a management tool that enables assessment of future trends in raw water quality. The tool is based on a reactive transport model which considers land use dynamics as an instrument to influence groundwater/raw water quality. A thermodynamic equilibrium approach is applied for modelling hydrogeochemical processes between aqueous, solid and gaseous phases. Kinetically controlled reactions like the microbial degradation of organic carbon are expressed by multiplicative Michaelis–Menten equations.
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Steinbacher, Sophia D., Domenico Savio, Katalin Demeter, Martin Karl, Wolfgang Kandler, Alexander K. T. Kirschner, Georg H. Reischer, et al. "Genetic microbial faecal source tracking: rising technology to support future water quality testing and safety management." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 73, no. 11-12 (October 7, 2021): 468–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00506-021-00811-y.
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AbstractRecent developments in water resource monitoring have increased the demand for the reliable identification of faecal pollution sources, also defined as microbial (faecal) source tracking (MST). Standardized faecal indicator bacteria (SFIB) enumeration does not directly support MST, as SFIB occur in animal and human sources. The aim of this study was to rigorously evaluate the applicability of host-associated faecal genetic MST markers detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at representative Austrian water resources (ground-, surface-, raw and treated wastewater, n = 196 samples) with high importance for the water management sector. Groundwater covered a gradient of non- (i.e., deep wells) to surface influenced resources (i.e., karst and shallow wells). In addition, single faecal excreta from humans as well as representative livestock and wildlife species were collected to evaluate the faecal source-specificity and -sensitivity of the MST assays. Genetic MST marker resistance against UV irradiation was evaluated in on-site ground and wastewater treatment installations. Bacteroides-based human- (HF183II, BacHum), ruminant- (BacR), and pig-associated (Pig2Bac) MST marker qPCR quantification was performed in concert with cultivation of E. coli, intestinal enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens (SFIB diagnostics). The selected MST makers revealed high faecal source identification capacity for the Austrian water compartments and quantitatively reflected the selected faecal pollution gradient. The study also demonstrated that SFIB data can efficiently be combined with MST data to solve previously unanswered questions in water safety monitoring and management (e.g., support pollution source-targeted catchment protection, hazard assessment, and health risk management). Further research and development needs are discussed to exploit the full power of MST technology. In conclusion, this study illustrates the capacity of molecular faecal pollution diagnostics to revolutionize water quality testing in the decades to come.
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Halewood, Michael. "Governing the management and use of pooled microbial genetic resources: Lessons from the global crop commons." International Journal of the Commons 4, no. 1 (January 21, 2010): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ijc.152.
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Capozzi, Vittorio, Mariagiovanna Fragasso, and Pasquale Russo. "Microbiological Safety and the Management of Microbial Resources in Artisanal Foods and Beverages: The Need for a Transdisciplinary Assessment to Conciliate Actual Trends and Risks Avoidance." Microorganisms 8, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020306.
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Current social and environmental trends explain the rising popularity of artisanal fermented foods and beverages. In contrast with their marketing success, several studies underline a lack of regulations necessary to claim differences occurred from the farm to the fork and to certify high quality and safety standards. Microbial-based fermentative processes represent the crucial phase in the production of fermented foods and beverages. Nevertheless, what are the effects of the application of the “artisanal” category to the management of food fermentations? This opinion paper is built up on this issue by analyzing microbial aspects, instances of innovation, safety issues, and possible solutions. Evidence indicates: (i) a global curiosity to exploit food fermentations as drivers of innovation in artisanal contexts and (ii) an increasing interest of the artisanal producers into management of fermentation that relies on native microbial consortia. Unfortunately, this kind of revamp of “artisanal food microbiology,” rather than re-establishing artisanal content, can restore the scarce hygienic conditions that characterized underdeveloped food systems. We highlight that in the scientific literature, it is possible to underline existing approaches that, surpassing the dichotomy between relying on spontaneous fermentation and the use of commercial starter cultures, depict a “third way” to conjugate interest in enhancing the artisanal attributes with the need for correct management of microbial-related risks in the final products.
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Yang, Ziyi, Panagiotis Tsapekos, Yifeng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Irini Angelidaki, and Wen Wang. "Bio-electrochemically extracted nitrogen from residual resources for microbial protein production." Bioresource Technology 337 (October 2021): 125353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125353.
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Ellouze, Walid, Ahmad Esmaeili Taheri, Luke D. Bainard, Chao Yang, Navid Bazghaleh, Adriana Navarro-Borrell, Keith Hanson, and Chantal Hamel. "Soil Fungal Resources in Annual Cropping Systems and Their Potential for Management." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/531824.
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Soil fungi are a critical component of agroecosystems and provide ecological services that impact the production of food and bioproducts. Effective management of fungal resources is essential to optimize the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. In this review, we (i) highlight the functional groups of fungi that play key roles in agricultural ecosystems, (ii) examine the influence of agronomic practices on these fungi, and (iii) propose ways to improve the management and contribution of soil fungi to annual cropping systems. Many of these key soil fungal organisms (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal root endophytes) interact directly with plants and are determinants of the efficiency of agroecosystems. In turn, plants largely control rhizosphere fungi through the production of carbon and energy rich compounds and of bioactive phytochemicals, making them a powerful tool for the management of soil fungal diversity in agriculture. The use of crop rotations and selection of optimal plant genotypes can be used to improve soil biodiversity and promote beneficial soil fungi. In addition, other agronomic practices (e.g., no-till, microbial inoculants, and biochemical amendments) can be used to enhance the effect of beneficial fungi and increase the health and productivity of cultivated soils.
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Zhou, Z. H., and C. K. Wang. "Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems." Biogeosciences 12, no. 22 (November 26, 2015): 6751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6751-2015.
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Abstract. Microbial metabolism plays a key role in regulating the biogeochemical cycle of forest ecosystems, but the mechanisms driving microbial growth are not well understood. Here, we synthesized 689 measurements on soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) and related parameters from 207 independent studies published up to November 2014 across China's forest ecosystems. Our objectives were to (1) examine patterns in Cmic, Nmic, and microbial quotient (i.e., Cmic / Csoil and Nmic / Nsoil rates) by climate zones and management regimes for these forests; and (2) identify the factors driving the variability in the Cmic, Nmic, and microbial quotient. There was a large variability in Cmic (390.2 mg kg−1), Nmic (60.1 mg kg−1, Cmic : Nmic ratio (8.25), Cmic / Csoil rate (1.92 %), and Nmic / Nsoil rate (3.43 %) across China's forests. The natural forests had significantly greater Cmic (514.1 mg kg−1 vs. 281.8 mg kg−1) and Nmic (82.6 mg kg−1 vs. 39.0 mg kg−1) than the planted forests, but had less Cmic : Nmic ratio (7.3 vs. 9.2) and Cmic / Csoil rate (1.7 % vs. 2.1 %). Soil resources and climate together explained 24.4–40.7 % of these variations. The Cmic : Nmic ratio declined slightly with Csoil : Nsoil ratio, and changed with latitude, mean annual temperature and precipitation, suggesting a plasticity of microbial carbon-nitrogen stoichiometry. The Cmic / Csoil rate decreased with Csoil : Nsoil ratio, whereas the Nmic / Nsoil rate increased with Csoil : Nsoil ratio; the former was influenced more by soil resources than by climate, whereas the latter was influenced more by climate. These results suggest that soil microbial assimilation of carbon and nitrogen are jointly driven by soil resources and climate, but may be regulated by different mechanisms.
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Dunn, Laurie, Christophe Lang, Nicolas Marilleau, Sébastien Terrat, Luc Biju-Duval, Mélanie Lelièvre, Solène Perrin, and Nicolas Chemidlin Prévost-Bouré. "Soil microbial communities in the face of changing farming practices: A case study in an agricultural landscape in France." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): e0252216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252216.
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According to biogeography studies, the abundance and richness of soil microorganisms vary across multiple spatial scales according to soil properties and farming practices. However, soil microorganisms also exhibit poorly understood temporal variations. This study aimed at better understanding how soil microbial communities respond to changes in farming practices at a landscape scale over time. A regular grid of 269 sites was set up across a 1,200 ha farming landscape, and soil samples were characterized for their molecular microbial biomass and bacterial richness at two dates (2011 and 2016). A mapping approach highlighted that spatial microbial patterns were stable over time, while abundance and richness levels were modified. The drivers of these changes were investigated though a PLS-PM (partial least square path-modeling) approach. Soil properties were stable over time, but farming practices changed. Molecular microbial biomass was mainly driven by soil resources, whereas bacterial richness depended on both farming practices and ecological parameters. Previous-crop and management effects and a temporal dependence of the microbial community on the historical farming management were also highlighted.
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Wu, Ran, Xiaoqin Cheng, Wensong Zhou, and Hairong Han. "Microbial regulation of soil carbon properties under nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal." PeerJ 7 (July 17, 2019): e7343. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7343.
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Background Soil microbial communities and their associated enzyme activities play key roles in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbial communities are sensitive to resource availability, but the mechanisms of microbial regulation have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we tested the mechanistic relationships between microbial responses and multiple interacting resources. Methods We examined soil carbon properties, soil microbial community structure and carbon-related functions under nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal (litter removal (NL), root trench and litter removal (NRL)) in a pure Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in northern China. Results We found that nitrogen addition affected the soil microbial community structure, and that microbial biomass increased significantly once 100 kg ha−1 a−1 of nitrogen was added. The interactions between nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal significantly affected soil bacteria and their enzymatic activities (oxidases). The NL treatment enhanced soil microbial biomass under nitrogen addition. We also found that the biomass of gram-negative bacteria and saprotrophic fungi directly affected the soil microbial functions related to carbon turnover. The biomass of gram-negative bacteria and peroxidase activity were key factors controlling soil carbon dynamics. The interactions between nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal strengthened the correlation between the hydrolases and soil carbon. Conclusions This study showed that nitrogen addition and plant inputs removal could alter soil enzyme activities and further affect soil carbon turnover via microbial regulation. The increase in soil microbial biomass and the microbial regulation of soil carbon both need to be considered when developing effective sustainable forest management practices for northern China. Moreover, further studies are also needed to exactly understand how the complex interaction between the plant and below-ground processes affects the soil microbial community structure.
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Yakirevich, Alexander. "Water Flow, Solute and Heat Transfer in Groundwater." Water 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 1851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071851.
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Groundwater is an essential and vital water resource for drinking water production, agricultural irrigation, and industrial processes. The better understanding of physical and chemical processes in aquifers enables more reliable decisions and reduces the investments concerning water management. This Special Issue on “Water Flow, Solute and Heat Transfer in Groundwater” of Water focuses on the recent advances in groundwater dynamics. In this editorial, we introduce 12 high-quality papers that cover a wide range of issues on different aspects related to groundwater: protection from contamination, recharge, heat transfer, hydraulic parameters estimation, well hydraulics, microbial community, colloid transport, and mathematical models. By presenting this integrative volume, we aim to transfer knowledge to hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, and water resources planners who are engaged in the sustainable development of groundwater resources.
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Anderson, Randy L. "Improving resource-use-efficiency with no-till and crop diversity." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000090.
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AbstractRecently, we conducted a case study that showed a no-till, diverse cropping system increasing corn yields in a semiarid climate compared with a tilled, corn–soybean rotation. Further analysis showed that the no-till system improved resource-use-efficiency of corn; inputs were reduced 42% averaged across five resources. The largest reduction with inputs involved nitrogen fertilizer and fuel. Reduced fertilizer input was attributed to greater soil microbial activity. A surprising trend was that cost of weed management in corn was 45% lower in the no-till system, due to resistant weeds being present only in the tilled, corn–soybean system. Crop diversity in the no-till system suppressed development of weed resistance. Integrating a diversity of crops with no-till can improve efficient use of resources.
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Gurikar, Chennappa, H. B. Vandana, B. P. Netravati, B. P. Chaitra Kumari, N. A. Nanje Gowda, K. N. Hanumantharaju, and Lokesh A. C. "Microbial Fuel Cells: An Alternate Approach for Bioelectricity Generation and Waste Management." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 4 (November 27, 2021): 1833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.4.74.
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Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are the device that involves bacteria and organic matter, to generate electrical current via bacterial metabolism from a wide range of organic and inorganic substrates. MFCs are novel bioreactors, that convert chemical energy into electrochemical energy through bio-catalysis of various wastes (agriculture, food, households, food processing industries) using microorganisms. MFC is a promising approach that offers direct, clean, green energy generation, ease of waste recyclability, and by-product utilization of different sources. In recent, MFCs research advances related to electrode development and utilization of suitable different rural and urban wastes is a significant interest in the MFC application. Hence in a large-scale application, the MFC concept is one of the effective technologies for the management of different wastes and is simultaneously used for electricity generation to cater to the energy demand in rural or remote areas that are not linked to the electric grid. MFCs help reduce the global energy crisis and reduce the pressure on non-renewable energy resources.
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Lee, Jung Eun, Heetae Lee, You-Hee Cho, Hor-Gil Hur, and GwangPyo Ko. "F+ RNA coliphage-based microbial source tracking in water resources of South Korea." Science of The Total Environment 412-413 (December 2011): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.061.
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Zhao, Yang, Liang Duan, Xiang Liu, and Yonghui Song. "Forward Osmosis Technology and Its Application on Microbial Fuel Cells: A Review." Membranes 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121254.
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As a new membrane technology, forward osmosis (FO) has aroused more and more interest in the field of wastewater treatment and recovery in recent years. Due to the driving force of osmotic pressure rather than hydraulic pressure, FO is considered as a low pollution process, thus saving costs and energy. In addition, due to the high rejection rate of FO membrane to various pollutants, it can obtain higher quality pure water. Recovering valuable resources from wastewater will transform wastewater management from a treatment focused to sustainability focused strategy, creating the need for new technology development. An innovative treatment concept which is based on cooperation between bioelectrochemical systems and forward osmosis has been introduced and studied in the past few years. Bioelectrochemical systems can provide draw solute, perform pre-treatment, or reduce reverse salt flux to help with FO operation; while FO can achieve water recovery, enhance current generation, and supply energy sources for the operation of bioelectrochemical systems. This paper reviews the past research, describes the principle, development history, as well as quantitative analysis, and discusses the prospects of OsMFC technology, focusing on the recovery of resources from wastewater, especially the research progress and existing problems of forward osmosis technology and microbial fuel cell coupling technology. Moreover, the future development trends of this technology were prospected, so as to promote the application of forward osmosis technology in sewage treatment and resource synchronous recovery
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Dahiya, Divakar, and Poonam Singh Nigam. "Waste Management by Biological Approach Employing Natural Substrates and Microbial Agents for the Remediation of Dyes’ Wastewater." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082958.
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This article aims to provide information on two aspects: firstly, waste management of residual biological agro-industrial materials generated from agriculture, and secondly, for the sustainable remediation of textile wastewater. Annually, huge amounts of solid renewable biomass materials are generated worldwide from agricultural and farming sectors. The generation of these vast amounts of solid wastes could be utilised as a valuable and renewable natural resource for various applications. The goal of promoting sustainable development has increased the interest in recycling wastes economically and in an eco-friendly way. This article reviews the published research on this topic and discusses the usage of these solid substrates in the remediation of a major environmental component, textile dye-contaminated water. The purpose of this article is to discuss an integrated and cross-disciplinary approach to sustainable solid and liquid waste management and remediation of environmental components and to report the biological approaches and their efficiency in a chemical-free and economically viable bioremediation process for large volumes of dye-contaminated water resources.
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Daga, Elisabetta, Marilena Budroni, Chiara Multineddu, Sofia Cosentino, Maura Deplano, Paolo Romano, and Roberta Comunian. "The MicroBioDiverSar Project: Exploring the Microbial Biodiversity in Ex Situ Collections of Sardinia." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158494.
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In the last decades, biodiversity preservation has gained growing attention and many strategies, laws and regulations have been enacted by governments with this purpose. The MicroBioDiverSar (MBDS) project, the first one regarding microbiological resources, funded by the Italian Minister of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (Mipaaf) through the Law 194/2015, was aimed at surveying, cataloguing, and managing the microbial resources and the related information of three Sardinian collections (Agris BNSS, Uniss, and Unica). While microorganisms were reordered and inventoried, a federated database, accessible via the web, was designed by the bioinformatician of Ospedale Policlinico San Martino of Genova, according to both international standards and laboratory needs. The resulting MBDS collection boasts a great richness of microbial resources. Indeed, over 21,000 isolates, belonging to over 200 species of bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi isolated from different matrices, mainly food, of animal and vegetable origin, collected in over 50 years, were included in the database. Currently, about 2000 isolates, belonging to 150 species, are available online for both the scientific community and agri-food producers. The huge work done allowed one to know the consistency and the composition of most of the patrimony of the Sardinian microbial collections. Furthermore, the MBDS database has been proposed as a model for other Italian collections that, as the MBDS partners, are part of the Joint Research Unit MIRRI-IT Italian collections network, with the aim of overcoming fragmentation, facing sustainability challenges, and improving the quality of the management of the collections.
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Ansong Omari, Richard, Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura, Yoshiharu Fujii, Elsie Sarkodee-Addo, Kwame Appiah Sarpong, and Yosei Oikawa. "Nitrogen Mineralization and Microbial Biomass Dynamics in Different Tropical Soils Amended with Contrasting Organic Resources." Soil Systems 2, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2040063.
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The use of location-specific and underutilized organic residues (OR) as soil amendments in small-holder agro-ecosystems is promising. Six ORs (Leucaena leucocephala, Centrosema pubescens, Gliricidia sepium, Pueraria phaseoloides, Azadirachta indica, and Theobroma cacao) were amended to three tropical soils each at 24 mg g−1 dry soil in 120-day incubation study to estimate their nitrogen (N) mineralization and microbial biomass carbon (C) dynamics. Inorganic N contents varied among ORs, soil type and incubation days. Regardless of soil type, Gliricidia had the highest inorganic N among the studied ORs. Mineralization rate of 1.4 to 1.5 mg N kg−1 soil day−1 was observed for Lego and Tec soils, respectively, and was twice higher than Nya soil. However, Nya soil released higher inorganic N than Tec and Lego soils, implying high N mineralization efficiency in the former. Consistent soil pH increase was respectively observed for Theobroma and Pueraria treatments in all soils. Moreover, Theobroma and Pueraria amendments showed the highest soil microbial biomass C (MBC) at the end of the incubation. The assessed soil properties likely affected by the dominant edaphic factors and management influenced differences in MBC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) while OR quality indices controlled N mineralization. Thus, we conclude that soil properties and OR type are important factors for optimal utilization of organic resources.
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Carvalho, João M., Bruno C. Marreiros, and Maria A. M. Reis. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production by Mixed Microbial Culture under High Salinity." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031346.
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The fishing industry produces vast amounts of saline organic side streams that require adequate treatment and disposal. The bioconversion of saline resources into value-added products, such as biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), has not yet been fully explored. This study investigated PHA production by mixed microbial cultures under 30 gNaCl/L, the highest NaCl concentration reported for the acclimatization of a PHA-accumulating mixed microbial culture (MMC). The operational conditions used during the culture-selection stage resulted in an enriched PHA-accumulating culture dominated by the Rhodobacteraceae family (95.2%) and capable of storing PHAs up to 84.1% wt. (volatile suspended solids (VSS) basis) for the highest organic loading rate (OLR) applied (120 Cmmol/(L.d)). This culture presented a higher preference for the consumption of valeric acid (0.23 ± 0.03 CmolHVal/(CmolX.h)), and the 3HV monomer polymerization (0.33 ± 0.04 CmmolHV/(CmmolX.h) was higher as well. As result, a P(3HB-co-3HV)) with high HV content (63% wt.) was produced in the accumulation tests conducted at higher OLRs and with 30 gNaCl/L. A global volumetric PHA productivity of 0.77 gPHA/(L.h) and a specific PHA productivity of 0.21 gPHA/(gX.h) were achieved. These results suggested the significant potential of the bioconversion of saline resources into value-added products, such as PHAs.
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Mazzola, Mark, and Shiri Freilich. "Prospects for Biological Soilborne Disease Control: Application of Indigenous Versus Synthetic Microbiomes." Phytopathology® 107, no. 3 (March 2017): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-16-0330-rvw.
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Biological disease control of soilborne plant diseases has traditionally employed the biopesticide approach whereby single strains or strain mixtures are introduced into production systems through inundative/inoculative release. The approach has significant barriers that have long been recognized, including a generally limited spectrum of target pathogens for any given biocontrol agent and inadequate colonization of the host rhizosphere, which can plague progress in the utilization of this resource in commercial field-based crop production systems. Thus, although potential exists, this model has continued to lag in its application. New omics’ tools have enabled more rapid screening of microbial populations allowing for the identification of strains with multiple functional attributes that may contribute to pathogen suppression. Similarly, these technologies also enable the characterization of consortia in natural systems which provide the framework for construction of synthetic microbiomes for disease control. Harnessing the potential of the microbiome indigenous to agricultural soils for disease suppression through application of specific management strategies has long been a goal of plant pathologists. Although this tactic also possesses limitation, our enhanced understanding of functional attributes of suppressive soil systems through application of community and metagenomic analysis methods provide opportunity to devise effective resource management schemes. As these microbial communities in large part are fostered by the resources endemic to soil and the rhizosphere, substrate mediated recruitment of disease-suppressive microbiomes constitutes a practical means to foster their establishment in crop production systems.
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Tosi, Micaela, Eduardo Kovalski Mitter, Jonathan Gaiero, and Kari Dunfield. "It takes three to tango: the importance of microbes, host plant, and soil management to elucidate manipulation strategies for the plant microbiome." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 7 (July 2020): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0085.
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The world’s population is expected to grow to almost 10 billion by 2050, placing unprecedented demands on agriculture and natural resources. The risk in food security is also aggravated by climate change and land degradation, which compromise agricultural productivity. In recent years, our understanding of the role of microbial communities on ecosystem functioning, including plant-associated microbes, has advanced considerably. Yet, translating this knowledge into practical agricultural technologies is challenged by the intrinsic complexity of agroecosystems. Here, we review current strategies for plant microbiome manipulation, classifying them into three main pillars: (i) introducing and engineering microbiomes, (ii) breeding and engineering the host plant, and (iii) selecting agricultural practices that enhance resident soil and plant-associated microbial communities. In each of these areas, we analyze current trends in research, as well as research priorities and future perspectives.
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Ramesh, Chatragadda, Bhushan Rao Tulasi, Mohanraju Raju, Narsinh Thakur, and Laurent Dufossé. "Marine Natural Products from Tunicates and Their Associated Microbes." Marine Drugs 19, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060308.
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Marine tunicates are identified as a potential source of marine natural products (MNPs), demonstrating a wide range of biological properties, like antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The symbiotic relationship between tunicates and specific microbial groups has revealed the acquisition of microbial compounds by tunicates for defensive purpose. For instance, yellow pigmented compounds, “tambjamines”, produced by the tunicate, Sigillina signifera (Sluiter, 1909), primarily originated from their bacterial symbionts, which are involved in their chemical defense function, indicating the ecological role of symbiotic microbial association with tunicates. This review has garnered comprehensive literature on MNPs produced by tunicates and their symbiotic microbionts. Various sections covered in this review include tunicates’ ecological functions, biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, and anticancer activities, metabolic origins, utilization of invasive tunicates, and research gaps. Apart from the literature content, 20 different chemical databases were explored to identify tunicates-derived MNPs. In addition, the management and exploitation of tunicate resources in the global oceans are detailed for their ecological and biotechnological implications.
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Duru, M., C. Jouany, X. Le Roux, M. L. Navas, and P. Cruz. "From a conceptual framework to an operational approach for managing grassland functional diversity to obtain targeted ecosystem services: Case studies from French mountains." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, no. 3 (September 20, 2013): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000306.
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AbstractResearch to understand and manage ecosystems to supply services has recently spurred a functional view of their biodiversity. In particular, approaches based on functional traits rather than species diversity are increasingly used to reflect interactions between organisms and their environment. These approaches bring a functional perspective to the study of community structure responses to disturbances and resources, and of their effects on ecosystem functioning and services. From an academic perspective, we propose a conceptual framework based on species functional traits to better infer how grassland management practices (fertilization, defoliation regime) along with abiotic factors influence plant, animal and microbial community composition and a range of services in grassland ecosystems. The core of the framework relies on combinations of plant functional traits and associated microbial features that specifically respond to environmental and management factors and influence ecosystem services. To overcome stakeholders’ difficulty in applying the concept of functional traits, we propose an operational approach implying the mapping of plant communities distributed into five plant functional types (PFTs). The approach was used for fields in grassland-based livestock farms from two French grassland networks. We evaluated its ability to predict a range of services including forage provision and non-market services according to environmental and management drivers. PFT-based plant community composition predicted forage services reasonably well but responded weakly to environmental gradients. To cope with the observed limitations of current predictive approaches, we suggest including soil microbial functional types and adaptive management rather than using a prescriptive scheme.
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Ryzinska-Paier, G., T. Lendenfeld, K. Correa, P. Stadler, A. P. Blaschke, R. L. Mach, H. Stadler, A. K. T. Kirschner, and A. H. Farnleitner. "A sensitive and robust method for automated on-line monitoring of enzymatic activities in water and water resources." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 6 (January 24, 2014): 1349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.032.
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The realisation of a novel concept for automated on-line monitoring of enzymatic activities in water was successfully demonstrated by long-term field testing at two remote Austrian ground water resources. The β-d-glucuronidase (GLUC) activity was selected as a representative enzymatic model parameter for the on-line determination. But the device can be adapted for any enzymatic reaction with diagnostic relevance for microbial water quality monitoring, as demonstrated for the β-d-galactosidase activity. Automated filtration of volumes up to 5 litres supports sensitive quantification of enzymatic activities. Internet-based data transfer, using internal control parameters for verification and a dynamic determination of the limit of quantification, enabled robust enzymatic on-line monitoring during a 2-year period. A proportion of 5,313 out of 5,506 GLUC activity measurements (96.5%) could be positively verified. Hydrological (discharge, gauge, turbidity, temperature, pH, electric conductivity, spectral absorbance coefficient at 254 nm) as well as microbiological parameters (Escherichia coli, coliforms) were concurrently determined to characterise the investigated ground water resources. The enzymatic on-line measurements closely reflected the different hydrological conditions and contamination patterns of the test sites. Contrary to expectations, GLUC did not qualify as a proxy-parameter for the occurrence of cultivation-based E. coli contamination and warrants further detailed investigations on its indication capacity as a rapid means for microbial faecal pollution detection in such aquatic habitats. Microbial on-line monitoring is likely to become more important in the future, complementing existing surveillance strategies for water safety management. Further perspectives on the application of such analytical on-line technologies, such as their connection with event-triggered sampling and standardised diagnostics, are discussed.
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Siddique, Tariq, and Alsu Kuznetsova. "Linking hydrocarbon biodegradation to greenhouse gas emissions from oil sands tailings and its impact on tailings management." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 100, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0125.
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Microbial research for maintaining soil productivity, health, and environment as well as for ecosystem function has been one of the main research focuses in the Department of Renewable Resources (formerly Department of Soil Science) during the last 100 yr. In recent years, microbial research has been expanded to effectively reclaim disturbed land, remediate contaminated sites, and manage soft sediments such as huge volumes of oil sands tailings. This article highlights the microbial processes in tailings ponds that can affect strategies to manage growing inventory of oil sands tailings and reduce associated environmental footprint. Enormous volumes of fluid fine tailings produced during bitumen extraction from oil sands are retained in tailings ponds. Some tailings streams contain residual labile hydrocarbons originated from the hydrocarbon solvents used in the extraction process. Indigenous microorganisms acclimated to the pond environment metabolize certain fractions of the fugitive labile hydrocarbons into biogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Long-term (1–7 yr) biodegradation studies conducted using mature fine tailings (MFT) collected from different tailings ponds reveal that the microorganisms sequentially and preferentially biodegrade hydrocarbons under methanogenic conditions. The stoichiometric mathematical model developed on these biodegradation studies can predict GHG emissions from tailings ponds. Production of biogenic gases also affects the porewater and solid-phase chemistry of MFT and accelerates their de-watering and consolidation during active methanogenesis, which is beneficial for recovery of porewater for reuse in the bitumen extraction process and for effective reclamation of consolidated material.
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Fletcher, J., C. Bender, B. Budowle, W. T. Cobb, S. E. Gold, C. A. Ishimaru, D. Luster, et al. "Plant Pathogen Forensics: Capabilities, Needs, and Recommendations." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 70, no. 2 (June 2006): 450–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00022-05.
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SUMMARY A biological attack on U.S. crops, rangelands, or forests could reduce yield and quality, erode consumer confidence, affect economic health and the environment, and possibly impact human nutrition and international relations. Preparedness for a crop bioterror event requires a strong national security plan that includes steps for microbial forensics and criminal attribution. However, U.S. crop producers, consultants, and agricultural scientists have traditionally focused primarily on strategies for prevention and management of diseases introduced naturally or unintentionally rather than on responding appropriately to an intentional pathogen introduction. We assess currently available information, technologies, and resources that were developed originally to ensure plant health but also could be utilized for postintroduction plant pathogen forensics. Recommendations for prioritization of efforts and resource expenditures needed to enhance our plant pathogen forensics capabilities are presented.
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Salem, Hichem Ben. "Nutritional management to improve sheep and goat performances in semiarid regions." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, suppl spe (July 2010): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010001300037.
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Small ruminant production is the main source of income of farmers living in arid and semiarid regions. Sheep and goats raised in these areas are generally confronted with severe nutritional deficits during food scarcity period which exacerbate disease and health problems and consequently low productive and reproductive performances. These areas are characterized by rainfall seasonality and scarcity resulting in a low fodder potential. Therefore, native rangelands are degrading due to overgrazing, high stocking rates and mismanagement. Options to improve small ruminant-based production systems include i) innovative technologies targeting the increase of feed resources availability, rumen manipulation using natural compounds to boost microbial activity, improving diets' quality, alleviation of feeding cost, and better control of livestock watering. Although this paper is focussing on the benefits from these technical options, we should bear in mind that i) the organization of local institutions for better adoption of these technologies and for protecting the main natural resources (rangelands and water) and ii) the participatory approach involving all partners concerned with the improvement of farmer's income and livelihood are key tools for promoting livestock sector in the target areas. A set of simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly options that could ameliorate small ruminant production in the semiarid regions are discussed in this paper.
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Pautasso, Marco. "Challenges in the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources." Biology Letters 8, no. 3 (November 2, 2011): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0984.
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The meeting on ‘Genetic Resources in the Face of New Environmental, Economic and Social Challenges’ held in Montpellier (France) from 20–22 September 2011 brought together about 200 participants active in research and management of the genetic diversity of plant, animal, fungal and microbial species. Attendees had the rare opportunity to hear about agronomy, botany, microbiology, mycology, the social sciences and zoology in the same conference. The research teams presented the results of about 50 projects funded by the French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity to preserve genetic diversity carried out in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. These projects aimed to better understand and manage genetic resources in a rapidly changing world (e.g. structural changes in the agricultural industry, the need for climate change mitigation and adaptation, the challenge of achieving food security despite the growing world population and changing dietary habits, the opportunities provided by the many new molecular biology tools, the problems caused by widespread scientific budget cuts). The meeting also hosted some roundtables open to all participants which provided a forum to establish a much needed dialogue between policy-makers, managers and researchers.
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Zhang, Peng, Zhiyi Cui, Mengqing Guo, and Ruchun Xi. "Characteristics of the soil microbial community in the forestland of Camellia oleifera." PeerJ 8 (May 8, 2020): e9117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9117.
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Characterizing soil microbial community is important for forest ecosystem management and microbial utilization. The microbial community in the soil beneath Camellia oleifera, an important woody edible oil tree in China, has not been reported before. Here, we used Illumina sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA genes to study the species diversity of microorganisms in C. oleifera forest land in South China. The results showed that the rhizosphere soil had higher physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial biomass than did the non-rhizosphere soil. The rhizosphere soil microorganisms had a higher carbon source utilization capacity than the non-rhizosphere soil microorganisms, and attained the highest utilization capacity in summer. The soil microbial community of C. oleifera was characterized by rich ester and amino acid carbon sources that played major roles in the principal functional components of the community. In summer, soil microbes were abundant in species richness and very active in community function. Rhizosphere microorganisms were more diverse than non-root systems in species diversity, which was associated with soil pH, Available phosphorous (AP) and Urease (URE). These results indicated that microbial resources were rich in rhizosphere soil. A priority should be given to the rhizosphere microorganisms in the growing season in developing and utilizing soil microorganisms in C. oleifera plantation. It is possible to promote the growth of C. oleifera by changing soil microbial community, including carbon source species, pH, AP, and URE. Our findings provide valuable information to guide microbial isolation and culturing to manage C. oleifera land.
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Alghamdi, Abdulaziz G., Anwar A. Aly, Sami Ali Aldhumri, and Fahad N. Al-Barakaha. "Hydrochemical and Quality Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Al-Madinah City, Western Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083106.
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Fifty-four groundwater samples were collected from Hamra Alasad in Al-Madinah City. The chemical and microbial characteristics of the samples were analyzed and compared with their respective standards. The results revealed that 90.7% of the samples showed higher amounts of NO3. However, 59.3% of the samples were found unfit for irrigation purposes due to a high salinity hazard. Most of the groundwater samples were highly saline, yet no sodicity hazards were anticipated as predicted by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Generally, the soluble cations and anions, dissolved salts, boron, and NO3− exceeded the maximum permissible limits for drinking water in most of the samples; however, Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr were within the permissible limits. Furthermore, 42.6%, 24.1%, 18.5%, 14.8%, 1.9%, and 37.0% of the samples were infected by a total coliforms group, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., and Shigilla sp., respectively. The water quality index revealed that 3.7% of the samples were good for drinking (class II), and 9.3% were very poor (class IV). The remaining samples were unfit for drinking (class V) due to high salinity and/or microbial contamination. Durov and Piper diagrams revealed that the majority of water samples were of the calcium sulfate–chloride type. Overall, 87% of water samples were inappropriate for drinking purposes, while 77.8% were unsuitable for irrigation.
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Janssens, I., T. Tanghe, and W. Verstraete. "Micropollutants: a bottleneck in sustainable wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 10 (May 1, 1997): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0349.
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Every year a variety of xenobiotic chemicals as pesticides, dyes,… are introduced on a very large scale. The majority of these compounds have a rather poor biodegradability. Hence, fresh water resources become more and more contaminated with micro-quantities of these man-made pollutants. Moreover, some of these obscure pollutants may have the undesirable capability of having oestrogenic activity on various high forms of life. This paper deals with the problems of micropollutants in drinking water production and wastewater treatment. The biocatalytic properties of microorganisms can be limiting for several reasons such as lower threshold values for metabolism, insufficient free energy change or inadequate metabolic knowledge base in the microbial cell or community. The limiting biodegradative capacity of natural microbial associations necessitates the development of more integrated water treatment and management. Research is necessary on two levels i.e. the search for biotechnological processes able to remove such chemicals through engineering of pathways and microbial associations, and the need for reliable biosensors able to generate information on residual microorganics. Trends such as improved biocatalysis and accurate process control are of major significance. However, a clear-cut scientific and political endorsement of the necessity to use reclaimed wastewater is of prime importance to evolve towards sustainable water treatment and management.
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Buckerfield, Sarah J., Richard S. Quilliam, Luc Bussiere, Susan Waldron, Larissa A. Naylor, Siliang Li, and David M. Oliver. "Chronic urban hotspots and agricultural drainage drive microbial pollution of karst water resources in rural developing regions." Science of The Total Environment 744 (November 2020): 140898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140898.
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Carr, R. M., U. J. Blumenthal, and D. Duncan Mara. "Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture: revisiting WHO guidelines." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0081.
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The use of wastewater in agriculture is occurring more frequently because of water scarcity and population growth. Often the poorest households rely on this resource for their livelihood and food security needs. However, there are negative health implications of this practice that need to be addressed. WHO developed Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture in 1989. The Guidelines are currently being revised based on new data from epidemiological studies, quantitative microbial risk assessments and other relevant information. WHO guidelines must be practical and offer feasible risk management solutions that will minimize health threats and allow for the beneficial use of scarce resources. To achieve the greatest impact on health, guidelines should be implemented with other health measures such as: health education, hygiene promotion, provision of adequate drinking water and sanitation, and other health care measures.
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Backer, Sumina Namboorimadathil, Ines Bouaziz, Nabeela Kallayi, Reny Thankam Thomas, Gopika Preethikumar, Mohd Sobri Takriff, Tahar Laoui, and Muataz Ali Atieh. "Review: Brine Solution: Current Status, Future Management and Technology Development." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 6752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116752.
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Desalination brine is extremely concentrated saline water; it contains various salts, nutrients, heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microbial contaminants. Conventional disposal of desalination brine has negative impacts on natural and marine ecosystems that increase the levels of toxicity and salinity. These issues demand the development of brine management technologies that can lead to zero liquid discharge. Brine management can be productive by adopting economically feasible methodologies, which enables the recovery of valuable resources like freshwater, minerals, and energy. This review focuses on the recent advances in brine management using various membrane/thermal-based technologies and their applicability in water, mineral, and energy recoveries, considering their pros and cons. This review also exemplifies the hybrid processes for metal recovery and zero liquid discharge that may be adopted, so far, as an appropriate futuristic strategy. The data analyzed and outlook presented in this review could definitely contribute to the development of economically achievable future strategies for sustainable brine management.
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Siqi, Zhao, Li Guangming, He Wenzhi, Huang Juwen, and Zhu Haochen. "Recovery methods and regulation status of waste lithium-ion batteries in China: A mini review." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 11 (June 27, 2019): 1142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19857130.
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Heavy metals such as Co, Li, Mn, Ni, etc. and organic compounds enrich spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These batteries seriously threaten human health and the environment. Meanwhile, with the development of new energy vehicles, the shortage of valuable metal resources which are used as raw materials for power batteries is becoming a serious problem. Using proper methods to recycle spent LIBs can both save resources and protect the environment. Pyrometallury is a kind of recycling method that is operated under high temperature with the aim of recovering useful metals after pre-treatment and organic binder removal with the characteristic of high temperature and it is easy to operate. Hydrometallurgy is characterized by high recovery efficiency, low reaction energy consumption, and high reaction rate, and is widely used in the recycling process of spent LIBs. During biometallurgy, valuable metals in the spent LIBs are extracted by microbial metabolism or microbial acid production processes. Since the drive for green and low secondary pollution, biometallurgy as well as solvent extraction and the electrochemical method have earned more attention during recent years. This mini-review analyzes the relationship between the emergence of new energy vehicles and the recycling status of spent LIBs. Meanwhile, this paper also consists of detailed treatment and recycling methods for LIBs and provides a summary of the management regulations of current waste for LIBs. What is more, the main challenges and further prospects in terms of LIBs management in China are analyzed.