Journal articles: 'Microbial flocculation'

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Zhang, Zheng Yuan, Yu Hong Xie, Chen Wang, Yu Xi Ma, Xin Feng, and Yan Hui Ge. "Preliminary Screening of Microorganisms Producing Flocculent." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.379.

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In order to reduce the production cost of Microbial Flocculation，this article uses the cheap straw-inorganic nitrogen medium，directly domesticated and screened out a stable and efficient microbial flocculant producing strain B-15，which has better flocculation on kaolin clay suspension system. Preliminary identify as bacillu, the strain produce flocculant has flocculating rate of 81.08% for suspension.

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Zhu, Yanbin, Shan Li, Dengxin Li, Chunyan Liu, and Fang Ma. "Bioflocculation behaviours of microbial communities in water treatment." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 4 (November 18, 2013): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.746.

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We studied the flocculation behaviours of microbial communities in 21 soil, wastewater and activated sludge samples to clarify the effects of culture medium types on flocculation ability and screening efficiency, and to analyze diverse functions and microbial compositions. The bioflocculants produced by 33% of the microbial communities had flocculating efficiencies higher than 90%. Six out of the eight microbial communities with efficiencies over 94% were screened from the culture medium using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the carbon source. BF-BCT, which was derived from the Chinese cabbage soil sample, had the highest flocculating efficiency (99.6%), species diversity and uniformity. Nine highly efficient strains were separated and purified from seven different microbial communities, indicating that flocculating microorganisms are widely distributed in ecosystems. The 16S rRNA gene testing shows that the eight bacterial and the one fungal strains are common soil microorganisms. The flocculating abilities of BB11 (Sphingobacterium multivorum) and SE3 (Galactomyces geotrichum) have never been reported hitherto. Six strains, including the most flocculating-active TB13 and JB17, were screened from the culture medium using DBP as the sole carbon source. In particular, we compared the performance of culture media and analyzed analogous microbial communities with a Biolog automatic micro-analysis system for the first time.

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Murad, Fatin Nabilah. "OPTIMIZATION OF FLOCCULATION PROCESS BY MICROBIAL COAGULANT IN RIVER WATER." IIUM Engineering Journal 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.740.

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The existing process of coagulation and flocculation are using chemicals that known as cationic coagulant such as alum, ferric sulfate, calcium oxide, and organic polymers.Â Thus, this study concentrates on optimizing of flocculation process by microbial coagulant in river water. Turbidity and suspended solids are the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia. Hence, a study is proposed to produce microbial coagulants isolated locally for river water treatment. The chosen microbe used as the bioflocculant producer is Aspergillus niger. The parameters to optimization in the flocculation process were pH, bioflocculant dosage and effluent concentration. The research was done in the jar test process and the process parameters for maximum turbidity removal was validated. The highest flocculating activity was obtained on day seven of cultivation in the supernatant. The optimum pH and bioflocculant dosage for an optimize sedimentation process were between 4-5 and 2-3 mL for 0.3 g/L of effluent concentration respectively. The model was validated by using a river water sample from Sg. Pusu and the result showed that the model was acceptable to evaluate the bioflocculation process.

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Li, Shan, Yan Bin Zhu, Fang Ma, and Deng Xin Li. "Diversity of Microbial Communities under High Flocculating Characteristics by Biolog." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.618.

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So far, the study on diversity of microbial community which produces flocculating substances is relatively few. In this paper, soil, activated sludge and wastewater samples are collected from 21 different places, and then are cultivated in 5 different media. 5 different colony groups form large amounts of slime externally, which having high level of flocculation activities. Biolog is used to analysis the functional diversity of microbial communities.The microbial community BF-BCT having highest flocculating capability. The AWCD analysis results shows that the micro be in the BF-BCT utilized more carbons compared with the other six colony groups. In addition, the diversity analysis has similar conclusions with PCA analysis.

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Zhang, Dong Chen, Zhi Xiang Hou, and Tao Wang. "Study on Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides as Coal Microbial Flocculant." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1090.

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Orthogonal test was employed to inspect the flocculation of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides in this text. The result showed that Rhodopseudomonas spheroides has good performance in flocculation effect of coal slurry. The hightest flocculation ratio is 93.4%. The optimum technological combination of flocculation test has been obtained:incubation time:12h,Coagulation aid dosage:2mL,Bacterium fluid amount:2mL,The categories of flocculants: the cell homogenates,pH:7.The FTIR analysis showed that the extractive of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides contain a large number of acidic Polysaccharides which has flocculent effect component.The main flocculation is “adsorption-bridge” between Molecular bioflocculant and coal slurry.

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Yang, Ming Yan, Feng Han, Jia Tian, Chao Sun, Xia Cui, and Mei Rong Han. "Screening of a Microbial Flocculant Producing Silicate Bacteria MT5-2 and its Flocculating Activity." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.3.

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A microbial flocculant (MBF) producing silicate bacteria MT5-2 was isolated from different sources of samples by silicate selected medium. Its chemical composition, optimal flocculation conditions，flocculation characteristics and primary application were studied in this paper. The results showed that the flocculant was an extracellular polysaccharide, and its flocculation activity was mainly distributed in the fermentation broth. The optimal flocculation conditions were as follows: for the 100 mL kaolin suspension, flocculant dosage was 4mL, metal cation dosage was 1% of ZnCl2 3mL, pH 7.5. The flocculation activity can reach 95% under this condition. Application results showed that flocculant MT5-2 had better flocculation activity in several common suspensions, such as kieselguhr, bentonite, soil, active carbon and starch, compared with polyacrylamide and inorganic salt.

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Ben Rebah, Faouzi, Wissem Mnif, and Saifeldin M. Siddeeg. "Microbial Flocculants as an Alternative to Synthetic Polymers for Wastewater Treatment: A Review." Symmetry 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10110556.

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Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae have been used to produce bioflocculants with various structures. These polymers are active substances that are biodegradable, environmentally harmless, and have flocculation characteristics. Most of the developed microbial bioflocculants displayed significant flocculating activity (FA > 70–90%) depending on the strain used and on the operating parameters. These biopolymers have been investigated and successfully used for wastewater depollution in the laboratory. In various cases, selected efficient microbial flocculants could reduce significantly suspended solids (SS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Nt), dye, and heavy metals, with removal percentages exceeding 90% depending on the bioflocculating materials and on the wastewater characteristics. Moreover, bioflocculants showed acceptable results for sludge conditioning (accepted levels of dry solids, specific resistance to filtration, moisture, etc.) compared to chemicals. This paper explores various bioflocculants produced by numerous microbial strains. Their production procedures and flocculating performance will be included. Furthermore, their efficiency in the depollution of wastewater will be discussed.

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Touhami, Ahmed, Barbara Hoffmann, Andrea Vasella, Frédéric A. Denis, and Yves F. Dufrêne. "Aggregation of yeast cells: direct measurement of discrete lectin–carbohydrate interactions." Microbiology 149, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 2873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26431-0.

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Aggregation of microbial cells mediated by specific interactions plays a pivotal role in the natural environment, in medicine and in biotechnological processes. Here we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure individual lectin–carbohydrate interactions involved in the flocculation of yeast cells, an aggregation event of crucial importance in fermentation technology. AFM probes functionalized with oligoglucose carbohydrates were used to record force-distance curves on living yeast cells at a rate of 0·5 μm s−1. Flocculating cells showed adhesion forces of 121±53 pN, reflecting the specific interaction between individual cell-surface lectins and glucose residues. Similar adhesion forces, 117±41 pN, were measured using probes functionalized with the lectin concanavalin A and attributed to specific binding to cell-surface mannose residues. By contrast, specific interaction forces were not observed in non-flocculating conditions, i.e. in the presence of mannose or when using non-flocculating cells, pointing to their involvement in yeast flocculation. The single molecule force spectroscopy measurements presented here provide a means to study a variety of cellular interactions at the molecular level, such as the adhesion of bacteria to animal and plant tissues.

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Jingshen, Dong, and Liu Quanjun. "Research on the coagulant aid effects of modified diatomite on coal microbial flocculation." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 10 (November 15, 2019): 1893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.009.

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Abstract Diatomite was modified by chitosan to prepare modified diatomite, and the modified diatomite in an optimized ratio was utilized in coal bio-flocculation. The interaction behavior and flocculation mechanism of modified diatomite on coal slurry water were investigated by single factor experiments, infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements, and zeta potential measurements. The single factor experiments showed that when the amount of microbial flocculant added was 1.5 ml, the temperature of coal slurry water was 39 °C, the pH was 5, and the amount of modified diatomite was 0.2 g, after 30 min of sedimentation, the flocculation transmittance of the coal slurry water reached 84.3%. The infrared spectra showed that the -NH2 and -OH of the chitosan molecule had a polar interaction with the Si-OH bond in diatomite. The BET measurements showed that the specific surface area of diatomite was not a decisive factor affecting the flocculation effect. Zeta potential measurements indicated that the amino protonation of chitosan increased the isoelectric point (IEP) of modified diatomite. These results showed that modified diatomite has a good effect on coal bio-flocculation.

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Lian, Bin, Ye Chen, Jin Zhao, H. Henry Teng, Lijun Zhu, and Sheng Yuan. "Microbial flocculation by Bacillus mucilaginosus: Applications and mechanisms." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 11 (July 2008): 4825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.045.

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Yang, Zhaohui, Zhou Wu, Guangming Zeng, Jing Huang, Haiyin Xu, Jing Feng, Peipei Song, Min Li, and Like Wang. "Assessing the effect of flow fields on flocculation of kaolin suspension using microbial flocculant GA1." RSC Adv. 4, no. 76 (2014): 40464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04101a.

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Bello, Antonio Roberto Crystal, Dejanira de Franceschi Angelis, and Roberto Naves Domingos. "Ultrasound efficiency in relation to sodium hypochlorite and filtration adsorption in microbial elimination in a water treatment plant." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 5 (September 2005): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000600009.

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Processes like ultrasound, chlorination and filtration-adsorption were compared to eliminate microorganisms and to adjust established parameters of public drinking water. A mini water treatment plant (WTP-CB), in pilot scale, was projected and built to evaluate each process influence as: decontamination, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation and filtration. Total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria and physic/chemical parameters were quantified from water. Ultrasound, chlorination and filtration-adsorption were efficient to inactivate and/or eliminate bacteria. Ultrasound decontamination in addition to coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation and filtration, could be considered as an alternative treatment water solution where prechlorination, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation and filtration were used. The chlorination itself was efficient in inactivating bacteria despite of the coagulation-flocculation process; however, in the absence of the coagulation process, the resultant water did not achieve the established parameters. The filtration-adsorption was an important process to eliminate bacteria, showing that the filter retained particles, suspended solids, besides chemical substances and microorganisms.

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Shang, Yueling, Dujun Wang, Guolin Cai, Junyong Sun, Fengwei Li, Jian Lu, and Xiaohong Yu. "The effect of microbial arabinoxylanases on premature yeast flocculation." Journal of the Institute of Brewing 126, no. 3 (2020): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jib.611.

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Ogunlaja, A., B. J. Ibidunni, K. Oyende, and O. O. Ogunlaja. "Optimization of bioflocculant production by bacteria isolated from oil-polluted soil and fermented maize effluent." Ife Journal of Science 22, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i2.18.

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This study involved isolation of bioflocculant producing bacteria from soil and waste water. The isolates were tested for flocculation activities and those deemed fit were identified and the optimal environmental conditions for bioflocculant production were also determined. Samples were collected from oil-contaminated soil in Redeemer's University and fermented maize waste water. Microbial isolation was done using standardmicrobiological methods and identification was done using morphology, biochemical and molecular method with universal primer for 16SrRNA gene. Environmental conditions (pH, Temperature and cations) and media composition (nitrogen and carbon sources) were altered to optimize bioflocculant production and activities. Percentage flocculating activities were determined and calculated using standard method. We also adjustedrevolution rate and standing time to determine the optimum conditions for flocculation activities. Two bioflocculant producing isolates (Bacillus cereus and Lysinibacillus fusiformis) from oil-polluted soil and two from fermented maize waste water (Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus tropicus) were obtained. Neutral pH, temperature o of 30 C and inclusion of CaCl were the best conditions for bioflocculant production in all isolates except for 2 Lysinibacillus fusiformis which was best with acidic pH condition. Maltose as the carbon source was the best for all isolates except Bacillus thuringiensis (fructose) and ammonium was the best nitrogen source for all isolates except Bacillus cereus (peptone). Although condition III showed optimum condition for flocculation activities, the percentage activities were generally lower than normal condition. The highest percentage flocculating activities o of 98% were by Bacillus cereus and Bacillus tropicus at 30 C, neutral pH and 1% (w/v) CaCl salt with soluble starch 2 and maltose as their carbon source respectively. These bacteria can be exploited for their use as flocculants in water treatment. Keywords: Agro-residues; Bio-friendly; Bioflocculant; Contaminated soil; Optimization

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Zhan, Yong, Yu Wang, and Bin Dong. "Progress and Research of Organic Polymeric Flocculant in Water Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.707.

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coagulation and sedimentation method is an effective water treatment method, and the key factor is the choice of flocculant, according to its different chemical composition, it is generally divided into inorganic, organic, microbial flocculants. Because of the small dosage ,fast flocculation and less effect by external environment , organic polymeric flocculant has widely used in wastewater treatment. This paper describes some types of organic polymer flocculation and its research and application. finally,the development trend of organic polymeric flocculant was predicted.

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Peng, Rui Hao, Xiao Jun Xu, Jun Jing An, Xiu Lin Yue, and Ting Ting Yang. "Research on Treatment of Leaded Wastewater by Process Combined Fe/C Micro-Electrolysis with Microbial Adsorbent-Flocculant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.470.

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The various affecting factors have been researched in this paper that the leaded wastewater was treated by means of the processing combined Fe-C micro-electrolysis with microbial adsorbent-flocculant. After that combined process, a greater percentage of lead removal was observed. The results showed that under the condition that initial PH of the infall wastewater is 3, the Fe/C mass ratio is 2:1, and the hydraulic retention time is 40 min for the micro electrolysis processing. The PH is 9, the microbial adsorbent-flocculant (ZX-1) dosage is 0.5g/L, and adsorption time is 90 min for subsequent microbial adsorption-flocculation. Under these optimal conditions, the removal rates of lead ion reached 99.958%,and their concentrations in wastewater were 0.042mg/L, which their ion concentrations in the outlet wastewater are under the class III of Surface Water Quality Standards(GB3838-2002) in China. That combined process achieved zero discharge of lead. It has been also showed that Pb ions are mainly removed by Fe/C micro-electrolysis, and the following microbial adsorption-flocculation excels at treating leaded wastewater of low concentration.

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Zhao, Ke, Yu Ting Zhang, Yu Zhang, and Meng Qiao Yang. "Effects of EPS on Settlement and Dewatering Properties of Activated Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.848.

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The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are susceptible to microbial degradation, highly efficient, non-toxic, no secondary pollution, etc, and are considered to be the most promising biological polymers. At present, EPS have been considered by many researchers as a potential flocculent for their applications in various water, wastewater and sludge treatment process. They are insoluble organic matter adhesive to the cell surface, and they mainly derive from microbial metabolism and cell autolysis, which are mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA. Based on illustrating content, function and structure composition of EPS, the paper reviews the action mechanism of EPS on flocculation and settlement of activated sludge and those flocculation, settlement and dewatering properties in the sewage treatment system. In addition, it summarizes the development trend and application prospect of EPS, which would provide valuable references for further research and application of EPS.

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Wilén, B. M., M. Onuki, M. Hermansson, D. Lumley, and T. Mino. "Influence of flocculation and settling properties of activated sludge in relation to secondary settler performance." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.382.

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Floc characteristics were studied at a full scale activated sludge treatment plant with a unique process solution incorporating pre-denitrification with post-nitrification in nitrifying trickling filters. Since greater nitrogen removal is achieved when more secondary settled wastewater is recirculated to the trickling filters, the secondary settlers are always operated close to their maximal capacity. The flocculation and settling properties are therefore crucial and have an effect on the overall plant performance. Since the plant is operated at a short sludge age, these properties change quickly, resulting in variable maximal secondary settler capacity. The dynamics in floc structure and microbial community composition were studied and correlated to the secondary settler performance. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation was used to investigate the microbial community structure and their spatial distribution. The floc structure could to some extent be related to the flocculation and settling properties of the sludge. Even small differences had an influence suggesting that colloidal properties also play a significant role in determining the floc properties. No correlation between microbial community composition and settling properties could be established with the group-specific probes investigated.

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Diao, Huan, Yan Xu, Lv-mu Li, and Qiang Tang. "Bioinformatics analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae M1, from microbial flocculation resources." BioResources 17, no. 3 (July 6, 2022): 4870–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4870-4885.

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The synthesis of a microbial flocculant is strictly controlled by its genetic genes, which may be the result of the expression of flocculant genes in the microbial genome. The whole genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae M1 was sequenced for obtaining the mechanism of flocculant synthesis and exploring the mechanism of flocculant production by flocculant bacteria. Therefore, it provided a basis for molecular genetics and functional genomic analysis of flocculants production bacteria. In this way, the mechanism of flocculant production by flocculating bacteria can be better explored. The whole genome sequence of flocculant strain M1 was determined using advanced second generation (Illumina) and third generation (PacBio) sequencing, which was screened from wheat alcohol wastewater. The genes related to flocculant characteristics produced by strain M1 were analyzed for combining with the analysis of flocculant structure characteristics. According to the de novo assembly, a total of 5,511,794 bp clean reads were generated and assembled into 24 contigs. The GC content was up to 58.39%. The genome contained approximately 5383 genes, but 5348 genes had obvious biological functions. A total of 437 genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and had coding genes of five carbohydrate-related enzymes. This result indicated that there were functional genes closely related to polysaccharide production in M1 genome. The main metabolic process of flocculant strain Klebsiella pneumoniae M1 was closely related to the potential pathway of extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis, in which five kinds of carbohydrate synthase genes were involved.

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Kim, Jin-Wook, Yoko Furukawa, Hailiang Dong, and Steven W. Newell. "The effect of microbial Fe(III) reduction on smectite flocculation." clays and clay minerals 53, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.2005.0530603.

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Anderson, T. R., E. C. Rowe, L. Polimene, E. Tipping, C. D. Evans, C. D. G. Barry, D. A. Hansell, et al. "Unified concepts for understanding and modelling turnover of dissolved organic matter from freshwaters to the ocean: the UniDOM model." Biogeochemistry 146, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00621-1.

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AbstractThe transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM) across the land-ocean-aquatic-continuum (LOAC), from freshwater to the ocean, is an important yet poorly understood component of the global carbon budget. Exploring and quantifying this flux is a significant challenge given the complexities of DOM cycling across these contrasting environments. We developed a new model, UniDOM, that unifies concepts, state variables and parameterisations of DOM turnover across the LOAC. Terrigenous DOM is divided into two pools, T1 (strongly-UV-absorbing) and T2 (non- or weakly-UV-absorbing), that exhibit contrasting responses to microbial consumption, photooxidation and flocculation. Data are presented to show that these pools are amenable to routine measurement based on specific UV absorbance (SUVA). In addition, an autochtonous DOM pool is defined to account for aquatic DOM production. A novel aspect of UniDOM is that rates of photooxidation and microbial turnover are parameterised as an inverse function of DOM age. Model results, which indicate that ~ 5% of the DOM originating in streams may penetrate into the open ocean, are sensitive to this parameterisation, as well as rates assigned to turnover of freshly-produced DOM. The predicted contribution of flocculation to DOM turnover is remarkably low, although a mechanistic representation of this process in UniDOM was considered unachievable because of the complexities involved. Our work highlights the need for ongoing research into the mechanistic understanding and rates of photooxidation, microbial consumption and flocculation of DOM across the different environments of the LOAC, along with the development of models based on unified concepts and parameterisations.

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Tsao, Heng-Kwong, and Jyh-Ping Hsu. "Diffusion-controlled autocatalytic reaction: A possible driving force for microbial flocculation." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 135, no. 1 (March 1990): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(90)90305-8.

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Ding, Weijun, Shaoan Cheng, Liliang Yu, and Haobin Huang. "Effective swine wastewater treatment by combining microbial fuel cells with flocculation." Chemosphere 182 (September 2017): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.006.

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Xu, Chenxiao. "Application of microbial flocculants in sewage treatment." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016502031.

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At present, sewage from agriculture, industry and urban life has become the three major sources of sewage today. As global wastewater emissions continue to increase, people are trying to find more effective solutions. Among them, flocculation technology is widely favored as a more economical and simple one among many water treatment technologies. Inorganic and organic polymer flocculants are two types of chemical flocculants developed and applied in China for a long time. Both types of flocculants have their own advantages in different fields. However, in the process of using these two types of sewage treatment technology, it will bring many adverse effects on human health and ecological environment. Inorganic flocculants have a fast flocculation speed, and have a high specific gravity of alum flowers, and they are easy to sink, but they will bring a large amount of inorganic ions such as aluminum and iron into the treated liquid, and excessive intake of aluminum ions by the human body may cause dementia A series of diseases. Strong corrosiveness is the biggest problem of iron salt flocculants in use. It will shorten the service life of the equipment and bring color to the treated water. Organic polymer flocculant flocculates faster than inorganic flocculant, and has more advantages in terms of dosage, separation process, adaptability, etc., because some polymer flocculants monomer itself is toxic, even its hydrolysis or degradation the product is also toxic (such as polyacrylamide monomer). Therefore, researchers are committed to finding efficient, safe, and non-polluting flocculants to meet the requirements for safe use of flocculants and the reduction of secondary pollution during wastewater treatment. Compared with chemical flocculants, the outstanding advantages have caused the rapid development of microbial flocculants, and its outstanding advantages without secondary pollution have attracted the attention of many researchers, and the development prospect is broad.

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Dlangamandla, C., S. A. Dyantyi, Y. P. Mpentshu, S. K. O. Ntwampe, and M. Basitere. "Optimisation of bioflocculant production by a biofilm forming microorganism from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater for use in poultry wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 8 (January 25, 2016): 1963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.047.

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Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater contains nutrients that are sufficient for microbial growth; moreover, the wastewater has microorganisms which can be harnessed to perform specific functions. Additionally, these microorganisms can grow either in planktonic (free floating) mode or sessile (attached) mode. This study focused on the optimisation of bioflocculant production by quantifying flocculation activity, determined using kaolin clay (4 g/L), by isolates prevalent in poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. Subsequent to their identification and characterisation, six bacterial strains were initially isolated from the poultry wastewater. Although all the isolated microorganisms produced bioflocculants under different conditions, i.e. pH and temperature, the strain that produced bioflocculants with a higher flocculation activity was isolate BF-3, a Comamonas sp., achieving a flocculation activity of 93.8% at 32.9 °C and pH 6.5. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the bioflocculant of the isolate, showed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkane and amine functional groups, an indication that the bioflocculant was a protein constituent.

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Zhang, Haisu, and Yi Song. "Stationary Distribution and Extinction of a Stochastic Microbial Flocculation Model with Regime Switching." Complexity 2021 (November 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4920018.

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In this paper, a stochastic microbial flocculation model with regime switching is developed and analyzed. By proposing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function, the existence and ergodicity of a stationary distribution for the system are proved. Then, the extinction of microorganisms is discussed under appropriate conditions and sufficient conditions for extinction are obtained. Finally, the results of the theoretical analysis are illustrated by numerical simulation.

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Yumei, Li, Li Yamei, Li Qiang, and Bao Jie. "Rapid Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Flocculation and Reduction of an Exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. B4: Its Antimicrobial Activity and Phytotoxicity." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9703614.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were rapidly synthesized using an exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. B4 (B4-EPS). The optimum condition for AgNPs synthesis was under the concentration of 5 g/L B4-EPS and 1 mM AgNO3 at 80°C between pH 7.0 and 8.0. The resulting AgNPs displayed a face-centred-cubic structure with the size range from 9 nm to 72 nm. Further analysis showed that flocculation and reduction of B4-EPS played a pivotal role in the formation of AgNPs. Furthermore, these nanoparticles exhibited great stability, excellent antimicrobial activity, and low phytotoxicity. The aforementioned data provide a feasible and efficient approach for green synthesis of AgNPs using microbial polysaccharides with flocculation and reduction activity, which will be promising in medical filed.

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Mozes, N., D. E. Amory, A. J. Léonard, and P. G. Rouxcet. "Surface properties of microbial cells and their role in adhesion and flocculation." Colloids and Surfaces 42, no. 2 (January 1989): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(89)80199-4.

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Mozes, N., D. E. Amory, A. J. Léonard, and P. G. Rouxhet. "Surface properties of microbial cells and their role in adhesion and flocculation." Colloids and Surfaces 42, no. 3-4 (December 1989): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(89)80348-8.

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Kurane, Ryuichiro, and Yasuhiro Nohata. "Microbial Flocculation of Waste Liquids and Oil Emulsion by a Bioflocculant fromAlcaligenes latus." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55, no. 4 (April 1991): 1127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870738.

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Moll, Deborah M., R. Scott Summers, and Alec Breen. "Microbial Characterization of Biological Filters Used for Drinking Water Treatment." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 2755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.7.2755-2759.1998.

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ABSTRACT The impact of preozonation and filter contact time (depth) on microbial communities was examined in drinking water biofilters treating Ohio River water which had undergone conventional treatment (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation) or solutions of natural organic matter isolated from groundwater (both ozonated and nonozonated). With respect to filter depth, compared to filters treating nonozonated waters, preozonation of treated water led to greater differences in community phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, utilization of sole carbon sources (Biolog), and arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprints. PLFA profiles indicated that there was a shift toward anaerobic bacteria in the communities found in the filter treating ozonated water compared to the communities found in the filter treating nonozonated settled water, which had a greater abundance of eukaryotic markers.

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Donzella, Silvia, and Concetta Compagno. "Heterologous Expression of CFL1 Confers Flocculating Ability to Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus Lipid-Rich Cells." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8121293.

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Lipid extraction from microbial and microalgae biomass requires the separation of oil-rich cells from the production media. This downstream procedure represents a major bottleneck in biodiesel production, increasing the cost of the final product. Flocculation is a rapid and cheap system for removing solid particles from a suspension. This natural characteristic is displayed by some microorganisms due to the presence of lectin-like proteins (called flocculins/adhesins) in the cell wall. In this work, we showed, for the first time, that the heterologous expression of the adhesin Cfl1p endows the oleaginous species Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus with the capacity of cell flocculation. We used Helm’s test to demonstrate that the acquisition of this trait allows for reducing the time required for the separation of lipid-rich cells from liquid culture by centrifugation without altering the productivity. This improves the lipid production process remarkably by providing a more efficient downstream.

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Sassoubre, Lauren M., David C. Love, Andrea I. Silverman, Kara L. Nelson, and Alexandria B. Boehm. "Comparison of enterovirus and adenovirus concentration and enumeration methods in seawater from Southern California, USA and Baja Malibu, Mexico." Journal of Water and Health 10, no. 3 (May 30, 2012): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.011.

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Despite being important etiological agents of waterborne illness, the sources, transport and decay of human viruses in recreational waters are not well understood. This study examines enterovirus and adenovirus concentrations in coastal water samples collected from four beaches impacted by microbial pollution: (1) Malibu Lagoon, Malibu; (2) Tijuana River, Imperial Beach; (3) Baja Malibu, Baja California; and (4) Punta Bandera, Baja California. Water samples were concentrated using a flocculation-based skim milk method and dead-end membrane filtration (MF). Viruses were enumerated using cell culture infectivity assays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Across concentration and quantification methods, enteroviruses were detected more often than adenoviruses. For both viruses, MF followed by (RT)QPCR yielded higher concentrations than skim milk flocculation followed by (RT)QPCR or cell culture assays. Samples concentrated by skim milk flocculation and enumerated by (RT)QPCR agreed more closely with concentrations enumerated by cell culture assays than MF followed by (RT)QPCR. The detection of viruses by MF and (RT)QPCR was positively correlated with the presence of infectious viruses. Further research is needed to determine if detection of viruses by rapid methods such as (RT)QPCR can be a useful water quality monitoring tool to assess health risks in recreational waters.

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Kumari, Sonia, Awadhesh K.Jha, and Anil K. Singh. "Isolation and Characterization of Temperature and Ethanol Tolerant Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains From Naturally Fermented Juices." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2726.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is common yeast of economic importance in food and brewing industries. This study aimed at isolating the yeast from local sources, viz. Toddy, Date palm toddy, Fermented dough, Fermented fruit juice of apple and orange and then characterized on the basis of their morphology, microbial count, temperature, ethanol tolerance, flocculation, and fermentative ability and on stress test, to see if they can serve as a sources for industrial purposes. Some of them were found to possess high temperature and ethanol tolerance ability, some had high flocculation and fermentative capacity and survived when subjected to various stress conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from these local sources can be used effectively in the bakery and brewing industries. The yeast isolated from date palm has ability to grow at low temperature, have high ethanol tolerance ability and high flocculation ability. Likewise yeast isolated from toddy has ability to grow at high temperature and also have good ethanol tolerance ability. The ability of yeast to flocculate have benefit of easy separation from the final product at the end of fermentation without filtration/centrifugation and it is a important source for bakers industry while yeast that have good ethanol tolerance ability and high temperature tolerance ability can be use in alcoholic industry from various sources.

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Oza, Hemali H., Eleanor B. Holmes, Emily S. Bailey, Collin K. Coleman, and Mark D. Sobsey. "Microbial reductions and physical characterization of chitosan flocs when using chitosan acetate as a cloth filter aid in water treatment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0262341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262341.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 2.1 billion people lack access to safely managed water. Cloth filtration is often employed in rural and developing communities of South Asia for point-of-use water treatment, but bacteria and viruses are too small for efficient removal by this filtration method. Chitosan is a biodegradable, cationic, organic polymer derived from the chemical treatment of chitin that acts as a coagulant and flocculant of contaminant of microbes and other particles in water, thereby facilitating filtration of microbes. This research 1) evaluated the use of chitosan acetate as a pre-treatment coagulation-flocculation process followed by cloth filtration for microbial reductions and 2) assessed floc particle size under three stirring conditions. E. coli KO11 bacteria and MS2 coliphage virus removals were quantified using culture-based methods. Chitosan acetate coagulation-flocculation pre-treatment of water, followed by cloth filtration, met or exceeded the protective (2-star) WHO performance levels for bacteria (2 log10 reduction) and viruses (3 log10 reduction), and filtrate turbidity was consistently reduced to < 1 NTU, meeting United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and WHO targets.

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Zeng, Jian Zhong, Jun Yue Lin, Song Zhou, Xiu Guang Yi, and Shi Sheng Zeng. "Decolorization Effect of Mycelium Pellet on Saline Azo Dye Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3784.

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A fungus with efficient dye decolorization and that generates a microbial flocculation agent was isolated from a wastewater environment and screened. This bacterial strain imposed a significant decolorization effect on azo dyes. On the basis of morphological and microscopic features, the fungus was identified and named A-6. The results show that the decolorization process of the fungus exhibited two types of actions: adsorption decolorization of mycelium and flocculated decolorization of extracellular products in the dyes. The decolorization ratio reached 99.20%

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Nasser, A., Z. Huberman, L. Dean, F. Bonner, and A. Adin. "Coagulation as a pretreatment of SFBW for membrane filtration." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0183.

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Granular filtration has been incorporated as a major barrier to prevent the dissemination of disease-causing agents by drinking water. Particles and pathogens such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum retained in the filters are then washed by utilizing clean water. This study was conducted, primarily, to evaluate coagulation as a pretreatment for the Spent Filter Backwash Water (SFBW) treatment by ultrafiltration (UF). SFBW Samples were collected from four different water treatment plants and carefully analyzed. Jar-tests and backwash pilot studies were performed in the laboratory. Depending on the water source, protozoan parasites and viruses were found to be prevalent in SFBW. The results show that turbidity cannot serve as a surrogate for the microbial load of the SFBW. Alum flocculation pretreatment of SFBW was found to be effective in reducing turbidity, particle count, viruses and parasites, consequently it may also reduce membrane fouling. Settling the SFBW prior to flocculation did not enhance the removal of turbidity and particle count as compared to the unsettled SFBW samples. This finding might imply that settling would not be required prior to UF. The largest remaining particle fraction after alum flocculation was 3-10 μm in size, both Cryptosporidium and Giardia are found in this size range. Coagulation enhanced the removal of small size particles and may result in extending the filtration cycle by reducing the SFBW fouling potential.

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Ma, Guoliang, Zhiming Zheng, Han Wang, Li Wang, Genhai Zhao, Hengfang Tang, Xiumin Ding, and Peng Wang. "Preparation of Cellulose-Based Flocculant and Its Application in the Enrichment of Vitamin K2 in Fermentation Supernatant." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122410.

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Nutritional food supplements and pharmaceutical products produced with vitamin K2 as raw materials a very promising market in the global scope. The main production method of vitamin K2 is microbial fermentation, but approximately 50% of vitamin K2 synthesized by the main production strain Bacillus subtilis natto exists in extracellular form, which is not easy to separate and extract. In order to solve this problem, in this study, we synthesized a novel cellulose flocculant, MCC-g-LMA, by grafting reaction using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA) as monomers, and ammonium persulfate as an initiator to flocculate VK2 from the fermentation supernatant. The flocculant was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the grafting reaction was successful. When the flocculant dosage was 48.0 mg/L and pH was 5.0, the flocculation rate of the MCC-g-LMA on the fermentation supernatant reached 85.3%, and the enrichment rate of VK2 reached 90.0%. Furthermore, we explored the flocculation mechanism of VK2 by the MCC-g-LMA and speculated that the flocculation mechanism mainly included adsorption bridging, hydrophobic association and net trapping and sweep effect. In this study, the extraction method for trace high-value biological products in the fermentation supernatant was improved, which provided a method and theoretical basis for the efficient separation and purification of VK2 and other terpenoids.

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Xing, Jie, Nanzhe Song, Xiangwei Chen, Ang Li, and Hongwei Ni. "Flocculation Efficiency and Mechanism of Carbamazepine by Microbial Flocculant Extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae J1." Archaea 2020 (November 18, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8811516.

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The microbial flocculant (MFX) extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae J1 was used to remove carbamazepine in prepared wastewater and domestic sewage. The influence factors and flocculation mechanism were studied. The optimal carbamazepine removal conditions for MFX were pH of 7-8, 7 mL of flocculant, 0.1 mL of coagulant, and 35°C, and the removal rate reached 81.75%. MFX was efficient in the removal of carbamazepine in both domestic sewage (75.03%) and secondary sedimentation tank effluent (69.76%). The pseudo-first-order kinetic equation fitted the adsorption process better than the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, which suggested that the adsorption was not pure chemical adsorption. The analysis of floc size suggested that the repulsive force between carbamazepine and MFX was weakened under alkalescent conditions, which can help the growth and coherence of flocs and increase the carbamazepine removal efficiency. Enough dosage of MFX can generate larger flocs, but excessive dosage of MFX will decrease the carbamazepine removal rate because of increase in electrostatic repulsion. The analysis of 3D-EEM and FTIR suggested that hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl in MFX played an important role in the removal of carbamazepine. As an eco-friendly and highly efficient microbial flocculant, MFX has potential for practical applications in carbamazepine removal.

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Meriç, Süreyya, Marco Guida, Antonella Anselmo, M. Luisa Mattei, Giovanni Melluso, and Giovanni Pagano. "MICROBIAL AND COD REMOVAL IN A MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT USING COAGULATION FLOCCULATION PROCESS." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 37, no. 8 (September 10, 2002): 1483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ese-120013271.

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Zhou, Yan, Zhao-hui Yang, Jing Huang, Rui Xu, Pei-pei Song, Yi-jie Zhang, Juan Li, and Manosane Aloun. "Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution by biosorption and flocculation using microbial flocculant GA1." Research on Chemical Intermediates 43, no. 7 (January 7, 2017): 3939–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-016-2845-8.

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Zhang, Zhiqiang, Siqing Xia, Jianfu Zhao, and Jiao Zhang. "Characterization and flocculation mechanism of high efficiency microbial flocculant TJ-F1 from Proteus mirabilis." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 75, no. 1 (January 2010): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.08.038.

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Weir, S., D. K. Ramsden, and J. Hughes. "The effect of complex growth media on microbial flocculation by the cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan." Biotechnology Techniques 7, no. 2 (February 1993): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00157380.

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Joshi, Snehal, Priti Palande, Dr Suneeti Gore, Ms Anuja Oke, Mrs Gopika Manjunath, Dr Chitra Naidu, and Dr Meenal Joshi. "Purification of Grey water using the natural method." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2022): 008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.72.2.

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The Water crisis is a major problem now a day. To solve this problem, there are various methods of water conservation such as rainwater harvesting or water reuse. Grey water treatment is also an option for water conservation. Grey water is the untreated household wastewater that has not come into contact with sewage (WHO -ROEM2006). In this study we have used various flocculating agents like alum, PAC, lime, chitosan, alum+ lime, fuller earth, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, PAM, Micro+, soya bean, alum+ soya bean etc. and the one thatgave the most significant results were used for further study. Among the flocculating agents used, alum + soybean powder gave promising results. So this flocculating agent and coagulating aid were used for further experiment. We prepared biochar using groundnut husks which is a waste material and activated it using zinc chloride. We prepared a unit which consisted of a column packed with sand, gravel, activated biochar and vetiver roots. We passed the supernatant obtained after flocculation through this unit at flow rate 5L/hr. The effluent water was disinfected using Medichlor. Using this unit the turbidity was decreased to 0.08 NTU, pH was 6.3, TSS was nil, and TDS reduced upto 75%. The microbial load (bacteria, fungi, coliforms, Thermotolerents), MPN test was also found to be negative. The unit which we have prepared was ecofriendly and economically affordable. This treatment system can be used in the new constructions, bungalows, societies etc. The treated water can be used for various purposes such as gardening, car washing, toilet flushing, road construction, irrigation etc.

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Kosaric, N., E. M. Mahoney, L. K. Varangu, and W. L. Cairns. "Cell Surface and Aggregation Studies of Microbes from Anaerobic Systems." Water Quality Research Journal 22, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.022.

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Abstract Studies were performed to evaluate cell surface properties of aggregated microbial granules from anaerobic digestion systems. Cell surface properties (hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity) were obtained by contact angle measurements in an aqueous phase. The cells’ charges were evaluated by measuring zeta potential and settlability was used as a measure of aggregating of cells under various experimental conditions. Flocculation tests have shown to be a good indicator of aggregation ability between cells. Aggregation can be modulated by changing those environmental and engineering parameters which can be measured by contact angle and zeta potential.

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Agunbiade, Mayowa Oladele, Carolina Pohl, Esta Van Heerden, Oluwaseun Oyekola, and Anofi Ashafa. "Evaluation of Fresh Water Actinomycete Bioflocculant and Its Biotechnological Applications in Wastewaters Treatment and Removal of Heavy Metals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 10, 2019): 3337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183337.

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This study evaluated the potential of a biopolymeric flocculant produced by Terrabacter sp. isolated from Sterkfontein Dam, South Africa. Microbial flocculants aid the aggregation of suspended solutes in solutions, thus, suggesting its alternative application to inorganic and synthetic organic flocculants, which are associated with health-related problems. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed the bacteria to have 98% similarity to Terrabacter sp. MUSC78T and the sequence was deposited in the Genbank as Terrabacter sp. with accession number KF682157.1. A series of experimental parameters such as bioflocculant dosage, cations concentrations, pH, and application of the purified bioflocculant in wastewaters treatment were investigated. In the presence of glucose as a sole carbon source, Ca2+ as cation at pH 8, the optimal flocculating activity attained was 85%. Optimum bioflocculant dosage of 0.5 mg/mL was able to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), nitrate, and turbidity in dairy wastewater. In addition, the tested bioflocculant exhibited higher flocculating efficiency as compared to polyaluminum chloride, polyethylenime, and alum. Inductible coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analyses confirmed significant removal of 77.7% Fe, 74.8% Al, 61.9% Mn, and 57.6% Zn as representatives of heavy metals from treated dairy wastewater. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups in the purified bioflocculant which could be responsible for flocculation. Findings from this study showed the prospect of the studied bioflocculant as an alternative candidate in wastewater treatment and remediating of heavy metals.

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Li, Jing, Bin Lian, Jianchao Hao, Jin Zhao, and Lijun Zhu. "Non-parallelism between the effect of microbial flocculants on sewerage disposal and the flocculation rate." Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 25, no. 2 (April 2006): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02872173.

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Lee, Andrew K., David M. Lewis, and Peter J. Ashman. "Energy requirements and economic analysis of a full-scale microbial flocculation system for microalgal harvesting." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 88, no. 8 (August 2010): 988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.01.036.

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Rossouw, Debra, Bahareh Bagheri, Mathabatha Evodia Setati, and Florian Franz Bauer. "Co-Flocculation of Yeast Species, a New Mechanism to Govern Population Dynamics in Microbial Ecosystems." PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (August 28, 2015): e0136249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136249.

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Singh, Ram P., Sagar Pal, S. Krishnamoorthy, P. Adhikary, and Sk Akbar Ali. "High-technology materials based on modified polysaccharides." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 525–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-08-17.

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Polysaccharides are abundantly available from farm, forest, and microbial resources. They are used in myriad applications. It has been established in the authors' laboratory that their performance is enhanced considerably on purification, grafting by polyacrylamide (PAM), and subsequent hydrolysis as well as cationization. The most significant performance is enhanced in flocculation where it has been found that the modified polysaccharides outperform existing flocculants in national and international markets. Similar effects are observed in their performance in turbulent drag reduction (DR), percolation, and rheology. The present article outlines the details of materials, mechanisms, and practical applications of these novel materials.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial flocculation'

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