Academic literature on the topic 'Microbial biomass carbon (MBC)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microbial biomass carbon (MBC)"
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Horwath, William R., Eldor A. Paul, David Harris, Jeannette Norton, Leslie Jagger, and Kenneth A. Horton. "Defining a realistic control for the chloroform fumigation-incubation method using microscopic counting and 14C-substrates." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 76, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss96-057.
Full textAbstract:
Chloroform fumigation-incubation (CFI) has made possible the extensive characterization of soil microbial biomass carbon (C) (MBC). Defining the non-microbial C mineralized in soils following fumigation remains the major limitation of CFI. The mineralization of non-microbial C during CFI was examined by adding 14C-maize to soil before incubation. The decomposition of the 14C-maize during a 10-d incubation after fumigation was 22.5% that in non-fumigated control soils. Re-inoculation of the fumigated soil raised 14C-maize decomposition to 77% that of the unfumigated control. A method was developed which varies the proportion of mineralized C from the unfumigated soil (UFC) that is subtracted in calculating CFI biomasss C. The proportion subtracted (P) varies according to a linear function of the ratio of C mineralized in the fumigated (FC) and unfumigated samples (FC/UFC) with two parameters K1 and K2 (P = K1FC/UFC) + K2). These parameters were estimated by regression of CFI biomass C, calculated according to the equation MBC = (FC − PUFC)/0.41, against that derived by direct microscopy in a series of California soils. Parameter values which gave the best estimate of microscopic biomass from the fumigation data were K1 = 0.29 and K2 = 0.23 (R2 = 0.87). Substituting these parameter values, the equation can be simplified to MBC = 1.73FC − 0.56UFC. The equation was applied to other CFI data to determine its effect on the measurement of MBC. The use of this approach corrected data that were previously difficult to interpret and helped to reveal temporal trends and changes in MBC associated with soil depth. Key words: Chloroform fumigation-incubation, soil microbial biomass, microscopically estimated biomass, carbon, control, 14C
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Zhang, Cheng Hu, Ting Ting Song, Ju Liu, Hui Juan Xia, and Jian Zhu Wang. "Microbial Activity in Soils of Vegetation-Growing Concrete Slopes." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.124.
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Natural restoration slope and vegetation-growing concrete slope were selected as plots. Soil water content (SWC), pH, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen content (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), basal respiration, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were analyzed. The main results show that: Soil organic matter, TN and MBC of 0-10 cm soil in the natural restoration slope are significantly lower than that in the vegetation-growing concrete slopes at 0.05 level. Both MBC and MBN show a highly significant positive correlation with soil organic matter and TN. Microbial quotient shows a highly significant negative correlation with TOC and MBN, and shows a significant negative correlation with MBC. The qCO2 shows a highly significant negative correlation with pH, and a significant negative correlation with MBC. The vegetation-growing concrete technology can improve the soil ecosystem in the impaired slope.
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Wang, Yong, Xiongsheng Liu, Fengfan Chen, Ronglin Huang, Xiaojun Deng, and Yi Jiang. "Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N of Keteleeria fortunei var. cyclolepis forests with different ages." Journal of Forestry Research 31, no. 6 (October 23, 2019): 2377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01058-w.
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Abstract Soil microbial biomass is an important indicator to measure the dynamic changes of soil carbon pool. It is of great significance to understand the dynamics of soil microbial biomass in plantation for rational management and cultivation of plantation. In order to explore the temporal dynamics and influencing factors of soil microbial biomass of Keteleeria fortunei var. cyclolepis at different stand ages, the plantation of different ages (young forest, 5 years; middle-aged forest, 22 years; mature forest, 40 years) at the Guangxi Daguishan forest station of China were studied to examine the seasonal variation of their microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) by chloroform fumigation extraction method. It was found that among the forests of different age, MBC and MBN differed significantly in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and MBN differed significantly in the 10–20 cm soil layer, but there was no significant difference in MBC for the 10–20 cm soil layer or in either MBC or MBN for the 20–40 cm soil layer. With increasing maturity of the forest, MBC gradually decreased in the 0–10 cm soil layer and increased firstly and then decreased in the 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers, and MBN increased firstly and then decreased in all three soil layers. As the soil depth increased, both MBC and MBN gradually decreased for all three forests. The MBC and MBN basically had the same seasonal variation in all three soil layers of all three forests, i.e., high in the summer and low in the winter. Correlation analysis showed that MBC was significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and soil moisture, whereas MBN was significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen. It showed that soil moisture content was the main factor determining the variation of soil microbial biomass by Redundancy analysis. The results showed that the soil properties changed continuously as the young forest grew into the middle-aged forest, which increased soil microbial biomass and enriched the soil nutrients. However, the soil microbial biomass declined as the middle-age forest continued to grow, and the soil nutrients were reduced in the mature forest.
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Mendoza, Benito, Jaime Béjar, Daniel Luna, Miguel Osorio, Mauro Jimenez, and Jesus R. Melendez. "Differences in the ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) at various altitudes of Hyperalic Alisol in the Amazon region of Ecuador." F1000Research 9 (May 26, 2020): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22922.1.
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Protecting soil fertility represents a fundamental effort of sustainable development. In this study we investigate how different altitudes affect soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil organic carbon (SOC), and their ratio, MBC/SOC in Hyperalic Alisol. MBC and SOC are well established and widely accepted microbial quotients in soil science. Our work hypothesis was that a decrease in MBC and SOC should be observed at higher altitudes. This initial assumption has been verified by our measurements, being attributed to the increase in MBC and SOC at low altitudes. Our approach should contribute to the better understanding of MBC and SOC distribution in soil and changes in MBC/SOC at various altitudes in the region.
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Wang, J. J., X. Y. Li, A. N. Zhu, X. K. Zhang, H. W. Zhang, and W. J. Liang. " Effects of tillage and residue management on soil microbial communities in North China." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 1 (January 16, 2012): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/416/2011-pse.
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The impacts of tillage system (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and residue management (0, 50, and 100%) on soil properties and soil microbial community structure were determined in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, North China. The microbial community structure was investigated by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results showed that tillage had significant effects on soil properties and soil microbial communities. In no-tillage (NT), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total N, microbial biomass carbon/soil organic carbon (MBC/SOC), total microbes, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi increased, while actinomycetes, G<sup>+</sup>/G<sup>–</sup> bacteria ratio and monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (MUFA/STFA) decreased, compared with those in conventional tillage (CT). Residue had a significant positive effect on C/N ratio and MUFA/STFA. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that tillage explained 76.1%, and residue management explained 0.6% of the variations in soil microbial communities, respectively. Soil microbial communities were significantly correlated with MBC, total N, C/N ratio and MBC/SOC. Among the six treatments, NT with 100% residue application obviously improved soil microbiological properties, and could be a proper management practice in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.
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Filep, T., and T. Szili-Kovács. "Effect of liming on microbial biomass carbon of acidic arenosols in pot experiments." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 6 (June 3, 2010): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/174/2009-pse.
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In the paper we investigate the effect of liming on the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in pot experiments during two vegetation periods. There was also another goal to get better understanding of the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its quality on microbial processes. Pot experiments were carried out on two acidic soils. Liming material treatment was 0, 1, 2, 3 g CaCO<sub>3</sub> /kg soil (corresponding with 0, 1.4, 2.8, 4.1 t CaCO<sub>3</sub> /ha, respectively). On both soils, 3-3 soil samples were taken for two growing periods and the substrate-induced respiration (SIR), dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON), and soil pH were determined from the soil samples. The SIR can be used to characterize the active biomass within the total microbial biomass. Liming was found to increase soil respiration and consequently MBC in the first year of the experiment, but at the maximum lime rate these values stagnated or declined in many cases on each soil. In the second year, the effects of treatments were much lower both on Kisvárda and on Nyírlugos soils. Under the given experimental conditions, when the DOC/DON ratio rose to above 30–40, disturbances appeared in N supplies to microorganisms. The N content of the easily mineralisable organic matter in the soil became so low that it inhibited the reproduction of the microorganisms.
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Jiang, Xinyu, Lixiang Cao, and Renduo Zhang. "Effects of addition of nitrogen on soil fungal and bacterial biomass and carbon utilisation efficiency in a city lawn soil." Soil Research 52, no. 1 (2014): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13210.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on soil microbial (fungal and bacterial) biomass and carbon utilisation efficiency (CUE) in a city lawn soil. A field experiment was conducted with three N treatments (kg N ha–1 year–1): the control (0), low-N (100), and high-N (200). Soil biogeochemical properties including pH, C : N, CUE, microbial biomass C (MBC), fungal and bacterial biomass, microbial C uptake rates, and soil respiration (SR) rates were determined during a 500-day experiment. The low- and high-N treatments significantly decreased soil pH, MBC, and CUE. Available N and soil acidification caused a decline in soil MBC. Soil acidification was not beneficial for microbial biomass growth, especially for bacteria. The treatments with N changed soil biomass from bacterial-dominant to fungal-dominant. The results also showed that the CUE of bacterial-dominant soil was higher than that of fungal-dominant soil, which is contrary to previous studies. However, SR did not increase with decreased CUE under N treatments, because the addition of N limited soil microbial C uptake rates and significantly decreased soil microbial biomass. The CUE showed a negative correlation with soil temperature for the control treatment but not for the N treatments, which suggested that added N played a more important role in CUE than did soil temperature. Our results showed that addition of further N significantly alters soil biogeochemical properties, alters the ratio of bacteria to fungi, and decreases microbial carbon utilisation, which should provide important information for model-based prediction of soil C-cycling.
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Wu, Zhen Ru, Guo Mei Jia, Li Na Cao, and Fang Qing Chen. "Dynamics of Soil Microbial Properties of Substrate in Vegetation Restoration of Rock Slope." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.237.
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Soil microbial properties have been proved to be powerful indicators of soil quality. This study analyzed the changes in soil moisture content, soil bulk density and porosity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass of Substrate in vegetation restoration of Rock Slope. The results showed that soil moisture, soil porosity, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and C/N increased significantly, and soil bulk density decreased gradually compared with bare rock Slope. Therefore, the results suggested that the vegetation restoration of Rock Slope could improve soil quality.
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Prasad, Mukesh, H. B. Vasistha, and P. B. Kothiyal. "Assessment of Health of Reclaimed Limestone Mine Spoil using Microbial Biomass Carbon as Biological Indicator." Indian Journal of Forestry 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2015-0wkd4a.
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The mining and quarrying in hill ranges of Mussoorie and Dehradun was the glaring example of deforestation and damages of forest resources at 70s and 80s. Mussoorie, the queen of hill station and Doon valley had been stripped off its green cover during this period. This reckless and unscientific exploitation of limestone deposits occurred without any thought for consequential environmental effects. The ecological restoration of these mined areas started almost more than two decades (around 80s) earlier by different agencies through applying mechanical, physical and biological measures. The microbial biomass consists mostly of bacteria and fungi which decompose plant, animal residues and soil organic matter to release carbon dioxide and plant available nutrients such as nitrogen (N), into the soil that are available for plant uptake. It is also an early indicator of changes in total Soil Organic Carbon (SOC). Unlike Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) responds quickly to soil changes. About half of the microbial biomass is located in the surface 10 cm of a soil profile. It is commonly affected by factors such as water, carbon content of soil, soil types, climate and management practices. The study was under taken to assess the role of rehabilitation/restoration of limestone mined area of Mussoorie hill on improving the health of soil using Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) as biological indicator. The study demonstrated the soil health status of reclaimed lime stone mine site which was dominated by Cupressus torulosa. Besides that Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) was also estimated under the natural forest of Quercus leucotrichophora as a control. It was estimated by Chloroform Fumigation method. It has been observed that the MBC of soil under reclaimed mined soil dominated by Cupressus torulosa ranges from 200 µg/gm to 600 µg/gm and in natural forest of Quercus leucotrichophora (Banj Oak) it ranges from 600 – 800 µg/gm which is higher than the reclaimed site. Though the MBC in reclaimed site is lower than the natural forest, however it indicating the improvement of soil quality of reclaimed mined spoil due to rehabilitation efforts carried out in these mined areas. The substratum of soil and nutrient limitation for microbial communities can affect the central role in the soil nutrient cycling which facilitate the microbial biomass. It can be concluded that reclaimed limestone mine site improving with time and it may take some more time to improve the spoil to reach the nutrient level up to natural forest.
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Banu, Nargis A., Balwant Singh, and Les Copeland. "Microbial biomass and microbial biodiversity in some soils from New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 42, no. 7 (2004): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03132.
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Eight surface soils (0–15 cm) including 1 Ferrosol, 2 Tenosols, 2 Kurosols, 1 Sodosol, 1 Chromosol, and 1 Kandosol were collected from mainly pasture sites in New South Wales. The soils had different physico-chemical properties and there were some differences between the sites in climatic conditions. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was estimated by the chloroform-fumigation extraction method, and substrate utilisation patterns determined by the Biolog method were used to assess the amount, functional diversity, substrate richness and evenness, and community structure of the microorganisms in these soils. The amount of MBC (585 µg C/g) and the microbial diversity (H´ = 3.24) were high in soils that had high clay (33%), organic C (5.96%), total N (0.45%), free iron (7.06%), moisture content (50%), and cation exchange capacitiy (133.5 mmolc/kg). These soil properties, e.g. soil moisture (r2 = 0.72), organic C (r2 = 0.58), total N (r2 = 0.63), free iron (r2 = 0.44), and EC (r2 = 0.53), were positively correlated with MBC and microbial diversity index, whereas pH and sand and silt content showed negative correlations. The climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) had no significant influence on either MBC or diversity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microbial biomass carbon (MBC)"
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Kolodziej, Scott Michael. "Management effects on labile organic carbon pools." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2424.
Full textAbstract:
It is well documented that increases in soil organic matter (SOM) improve soil
physical properties and increase the overall fertility and sustainability of the soil.
Research in SOM storage has recently amplified following the proposal that agricultural
soils may provide a significant carbon (C) sink that may aid in the mitigation of
increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Observed differences in lint yield and nitrogen
response from a cotton performance study at the Texas A&M University Experimental
Farm near College Station, TX prompted us to examine the effects of tillage and
rotation on soil organic C (SOC), soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), 38-day cumulative
C mineralization (38-day CMIN), hot-water extractable organic C (hot-WEOC),
carbohydrate C, and total glomalin. The treatments examined included conventional-till
continuous cotton (CT), reduced-till continuous cotton (RT), and conventional-till cotton
after corn rotation (CC) treatments. In pre-plant soil samples, SOC, SMBC, and 38-day
CMIN in the top 5 cm were 33, 58, and 79 % greater in RT and 29, 32, and 36 %
greater in CC vs. CT. Comparable differences were observed for hot-WEOC and
carbohydrate C. Little seasonal variation was observed for labile-C pools throughout
the growing season, suggesting minimal C input from cotton roots. Water-stable
aggregation was not significantly affected by management, and did not correlate with
labile-C pools or total glomalin. Labile-C pools were generally more responsive to
management vs. SOC and were strongly correlated with one another. Carbohydrate C
of hot-water extracts exhibited the strongest relationships with SMBC and 38-day CMIN,
even though it comprised only 3 and 5 % of these pools, respectively. Our data suggest
that increasing SOC in Texas cotton-cropping systems through conservation
management is possible. Long-term data are still needed to fully address SOC storage
potentials in Texas, but increases in labile-C pools resulting from conservation
management are attainable and have the potential to positively impact soil fertility.
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Stark, S. (Sari). "Reindeer grazing and soil nutrient cycling in boreal and tundra ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266927.
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Abstract
In northernmost Fennoscandia, grazing by reindeer
(Rangifer tarandus L.) has a substantial impact on
the vegetation of boreal forests and arctic-alpine tundra heaths, which
are reflected in below-ground processes, such as nutrient mineralization
and soil organic matter decomposition. In the present thesis, the effects
of reindeer grazing on soil nutrient cycling were studied by comparing
grazed situation with an ungrazed control area in ten boreal forests and
six arctic-alpine tundra heaths.
In boreal forests, reindeer grazing reduced microbial respiration in
both the oligotrophic and mesotrophic study areas, indicating a deficiency
of labile substrates for the soil microbes due to reindeer grazing.
Simultaneously, there was heterogeneity in the impact on nitrogen
mineralization rates as at some sites, mineralization was enhanced by
grazing. The fertilization effect of urine and faeces can therefore be
strong enough a factor to outweigh a reduction in quality of soil organic
matter. In the oligotrophic forests, low soil moisture content in the
grazed areas could sometimes limit the mineralization rates even when the
potential for mineralization was enhanced by grazing.
In the tundra ecosystems, there was spatial variation in the impact
of grazing on microbial respiration and nitrogen mineralization. Low
grazing intensity occurring outside the growing season had a retarding
impact on nutrient cycling in both unfertilized, nutrient-poor and
fertilized, nutrient-rich conditions. In contrast, a relatively high
grazing intensity enhanced the mineralization rates in two nutrient-poor
and two nutrient-rich tundra heaths. When three different grazing
intensities were compared in one oceanic, nutrient-rich and one
continental, nutrient-poor tundra heath, the strongest positive effect of
grazing on soil nutrient cycling occurred in the heavily grazed areas. The
data do not support the assumption that soil nutrient availability
regulates whether herbivores enhance or retard nutrient cycling in the
soil. Instead, the net effect of grazing is determined by the balance
between the underlying mechanisms that may work at opposite directions.
The most important of these mechanisms are the grazer-mediated impact on
the decomposability of the dominant vegetation and fertilization by urine
and faeces.
The duration, intensity and seasonal timing of the grazing seem to
be important factors that regulate whether reindeer grazing enhances or
retards soil nutrient cycling in each specific area. Due to the high
spatial and temporal variation in the effects of grazing observed in this
study, it is not possible to generalize the overall impact of grazing.
Further study is required in order to determine the exact conditions under
which grazing enhances or it retards soil nutrient cycling.
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Wong, Vanessa, and u2514228@anu edu au. "The effects of salinity and sodicity on soil organic carbon stocks and fluxes." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080428.223144.
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Soil is the worlds largest terrestrial carbon (C) sink, and is estimated to contain approximately 1600 Pg of carbon to a depth of one metre. The distribution of soil organic C (SOC) largely follows gradients similar to biomass accumulation, increasing with increasing precipitation and decreasing temperature. As a result, SOC levels are a function of inputs, dominated by plant litter contributions and rhizodeposition, and losses such as leaching, erosion and heterotrophic respiration. Therefore, changes in biomass inputs, or organic matter accumulation, will most likely also alter these levels in soils. Although the soil microbial biomass (SMB) only comprises 1-5% of soil organic matter (SOM), it is critical in organic matter decomposition and can provide an early indicator of SOM dynamics as a whole due to its faster turnover time, and hence, can be used to determine soil C dynamics under changing environmental conditions.¶
Approximately 932 million ha of land worldwide are degraded due to salinity and sodicity, usually coinciding with land available for agriculture, with salinity affecting 23% of arable land while saline-sodic soils affect a further 10%. Soils affected by salinity, that is, those soils high in soluble salts, are characterised by rising watertables and waterlogging of lower-lying areas in the landscape. Sodic soils are high in exchangeable sodium, and slake and disperse upon wetting to form massive hardsetting structures. Upon drying, sodic soils suffer from poor soil-water relations largely related to decreased permeability, low infiltration capacity and the formation of surface crusts. In these degraded areas, SOC levels are likely to be affected by declining vegetation health and hence, decreasing biomass inputs and concomitant lower levels of organic matter accumulation. Moreover, potential SOC losses can also be affected from dispersed aggregates due to sodicity and solubilisation of SOM due to salinity. However, few studies are available that unambiguously demonstrate the effect of increasing salinity and sodicity on C dynamics. This thesis describes a range of laboratory and field investigations on the effects of salinity and sodicity on SOC dynamics.¶
In this research, the effects of a range of salinity and sodicity levels on C dynamics were determined by subjecting a vegetated soil from Bevendale, New South Wales (NSW) to one of six treatments. A low, mid or high salinity solution (EC 0.5, 10 or 30 dS/m) combined with a low or high sodicity solution (SAR 1 or 30) in a factorial design was leached through a non-degraded soil in a controlled environment. Soil respiration and the SMB were measured over a 12-week experimental period. The greatest increases in SMB occurred in treatments of high-salinity high-sodicity, and high-salinity low-sodicity. This was attributed to solubilisation of SOM which provided additional substrate for decomposition for the microbial population. Thus,
as salinity and sodicity increase in the field, soil C is likely to be rapidly lost as a result of increased mineralisation.¶
Gypsum is the most commonly-used ameliorant in the rehabilitation of sodic and saline-sodic soils affected by adverse soil environmental conditions. When soils were sampled from two sodic profiles in salt-scalded areas at Bevendale and Young, SMB levels and soil respiration rates measured in the laboratory were found to be low in the sodic soil compared to normal non-degraded soils. When the sodic soils were treated with gypsum, there was no change in the SMB and respiration rates. The low levels of SMB and respiration rates were due to low SOC levels as a result of little or no C input into the soils of these highly degraded landscapes, as the high salinity and high sodicity levels have resulted in vegetation death. However, following the addition of organic material to the scalded soils, in the form of coarsely-ground kangaroo grass, SMB levels and respiration rates increased to levels greater than those found in the non-degraded soil. The addition of gypsum (with organic material) gave no additional increases in the SMB.¶
The level of SOC stocks in salt-scalded, vegetated and revegetated profiles was also determined, so that the amount of SOC lost due to salinisation and sodication, and the increase in SOC following revegetation relative to the amount of SOC in a vegetated profile could be ascertained. Results showed up to three times less SOC in salt-scalded profiles compared to vegetated profiles under native pasture, while revegetation of formerly scalded areas with introduced pasture displayed SOC levels comparable to those under native pasture to a depth of 30 cm. However, SOC stocks can be underestimated in saline and sodic landscapes by setting the lower boundary at 30 cm due to the presence of waterlogging, which commonly occurs at a depth greater than 30 cm in saline and sodic landscapes as a result of the presence of high or perched watertables. These results indicate that successful revegetation of scalded areas has the potential to accumulate SOC stocks similar to those found prior to degradation.¶
The experimental results from this project indicate that in salt-affected landscapes, initial increases in salinity and sodicity result in rapid C mineralisation. Biomass inputs also decrease due to declining vegetation health, followed by further losses as a result of leaching and erosion. The remaining native SOM is then mineralised, until very low SOC stocks remain. However, the C sequestration potential in these degraded areas is high, particularly if rehabilitation efforts are successful in reducing salinity and sodicity. Soil ecosystem functions can then be restored if organic material is available as C stock and for decomposition in the form of either added organic material or inputs from vegetation when these salt-affected landscapes are revegetated.
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Allen, Michael Frederick. "The effects of earthworms on carbon and nitrogen flows through the soil microbial biomass in a corn agroecosystem." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299759760.
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Chen, Yujuan. "The Influence of Urban Soil Rehabilitation on Soil Carbon Dynamics, Greenhouse Gas Emission, and Stormwater Mitigation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51240.
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Global urbanization has resulted in rapidly increased urban land. Soils are the foundation that supports plant growth and human activities in urban areas. Furthermore, urban soils have potential to provide a carbon sink to mitigate greenhouse gas emission and climate change. However, typical urban land development practices including vegetation clearing, topsoil removal, stockpiling, compaction, grading and building result in degraded soils. In this work, we evaluated an urban soil rehabilitation technique that includes compost incorporation to a 60-cm depth via deep tillage followed by more typical topsoil replacement. Our objectives were to assess the change in soil physical characteristics, soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and stormwater mitigation after both typical urban land development practices and post-development rehabilitation. We found typical urban land development practices altered soil properties dramatically including increasing bulk density, decreasing aggregation and decreasing soil permeability. In the surface soils, construction activities broke macroaggregates into smaller fractions leading to carbon loss, even in the most stable mineral-bound carbon pool. We evaluated the effects of the soil rehabilitation technique under study, profile rebuilding, on soils exposed to these typical land development practices. Profile rebuilding incorporates compost amendment and deep tillage to address subsoil compaction. In the subsurface soils, profile rebuilding increased carbon storage in available and aggregate-protected carbon pools and microbial biomass which could partially offset soil carbon loss resulting from land development. Yet, urban soil rehabilitation increased greenhouse gas emissions while typical land development resulted in similar greenhouse gas emissions compared to undisturbed soils. Additionally, rehabilitated soils had higher saturated soil hydraulic conductivity in subsurface soils compared to other practices which could help mitigate stormwater runoff in urban areas. In our study, we found urban soil management practices can have a significant impact on urban ecosystem service provision. However, broader study integrating urban soil management practices with other ecosystem elements, such as vegetation, will help further develop effective strategies for sustainable cities.Ph. D.
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Heuck, Christine [Verfasser], and Marie [Akademischer Betreuer] Spohn. "Microbial nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization and microbial biomass stoichiometry as dependent on ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in soils of temperate forests / Christine Heuck ; Betreuer: Marie Spohn." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177142074/34.
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SANTOS, Uemeson José dos. "Frações do carbono e indicadores biológicos em solo do semiárido sob diferentes usos e coberturas vegetais." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6570.
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The land use in Caatinga has caused changes in their properties, as well as behavior and quality of organic matter. extractive character changes, agro pastoral and agricultural biome has taken this to an unsustainable condition, with profound changes in the dynamics and the stock C and its fractions, linked to changes in the microbial community that plays an important role in nutrient cycling in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil C, its labile and recalcitrant but the activity and microbial diversity in soils under different vegetation covers and historical uses. seven areas were studied which consisted of native forest (F) without human action, forest with predominance of mimosa (AF) and the other with ipe (IP); three areas converted into farmland irrigated elephant grass (EG), irrigated corn (MI) and corn without irrigation (M); and a farmyard area (NF). They were collected in different areas samples at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. Evaluated the total stocks of C and N, water-soluble carbon (CSA) and the C cumulative mineralized after 32 days of incubation, the carbon oxidizable fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and its fractions humic soil (C-FAH C-FAF and C-HUM), C microbial biomass, microbial quotient (qMIC) and structure the microbial community by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PFLA). The conversion of the savanna for maize cultivation causes a decrease of 56 and 38% in stocks of C and N in the soil. The larger C stocks were observed in AF coverage, while for N, M stood out with lower stocks of this element and also below at all depths to the CSA. The C mineralizable showed linear behavior, observing a reduction in average C mineralized accumulated up to 21.03% in the intermediate depth. The AF, F and IP coverage had higher carbon content in oxidizable fractions for all depths evaluated. The AF area showed higher C levels in labile forms. The C of humic fractions showed inventories in C-FAF fractions and C-FAH 3.59 and 3.73 t ha-1, respectively for AF area; and 22.64 t ha-1 in C-HUM fraction for EG. The area with MI showed greater efficiency in the use of C for microorganisms at different depths. For CBM, coverage with F had a higher concentration, down to 78.32% in depth. Further total Pflas EG concentrations were observed in the area with a larger population of bacteria and fungi in relation to the predominance of gram positive bacteria over gram negative. F1 fractions, CSA and CHUN contributed most significantly to the increase in the stock of C and N soil. Areas converted agícola production, has the potential to change the fractions of COS and microbial activity, especially when it is making use of irrigation in these environments. The EG coverage was more efficient in the use of C and preservation of MOS, combined with a high microbial community, providing better soil quality.
A utilização do solo sob Caatinga tem ocasionado alterações nas suas propriedades, assim como no comportamento e na qualidade da matéria orgânica. Alterações de caráter extrativista, agropastoril e agrícola tem levado esse bioma a uma condição de insustentabilidade, com profundas alterações na dinâmica e no estoque do C e suas frações, atreladas às modificações na comunidade microbiana que exerce importante função na ciclagem de nutrientes no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no C do solo, suas frações lábeis e recalcitrantes além da atividade e diversidade microbiana em solos sob diferentes coberturas vegetais e históricos de usos. Foram estudadas sete áreas que consistiram em floresta nativa (F) sem ação antrópica, floresta com predominância de angico (AF) e outra com ipê (IP); três áreas convertidas em cultivos agrícolas de capim elefante irrigado (EG), milho irrigado (MI) e milho sem irrigação (M); e uma área de capoeira (NF). Foram coletadas nas diferentes áreas amostras nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm, respectivamente. Avaliaram-se os estoques totais de C e N, carbono solúvel em água (CSA) e o C mineralizável acumulado aos 32 dias de incubação, as frações oxidáveis do carbono (F1, F2, F3 e F4) e suas frações nas substâncias húmicas do solo (C-FAH, C-FAF e C-HUM), o C da biomassa microbiana, quociente microbiano (qMIC) e a estrutura da comunidade microbiana através da análise de fosfolipídeos de ácidos graxos (PFLA). A conversão da caatinga para o cultivo de milho ocasionou diminuição de 56 e 38% nos estoques de C e N no solo. Os maiores estoques de C foram observados na cobertura AF, enquanto para o N, o M destacou-se com menores estoques deste elemento, sendo também inferior em todas as profundidades para o CSA. O C mineralizável apresentou comportamento linear, observando-se uma redução na média de C mineralizado acumulado de até 21,03% na profundidade intermediária. As coberturas AF, F e IP obtiveram maiores teores de carbono nas frações oxidáveis para todas as profundidades avaliadas. A área AF apresentou maiores teores de C nas formas lábeis. O C das frações húmicas, apresentaram estoques nas frações C-FAF e C-FAH de 3,59 e 3,73 t ha-1, respectivamente para área AF; e 22,64 t ha-1 na fração C-HUM para EG. A área com MI demonstrou maior eficiência na utilização do C pelos microrganismos nas diferentes profundidades. Para o CBM, a cobertura com F obteve maior concentração, com redução de até 78,32% em profundidade. Maiores concentrações de PFLAs totais foram observadas na área EG, com uma maior população de bactérias em relação aos fungos e maior predominância de bactérias gram positivas em relação as gram negativas. As frações F1, CSA e a C-HUM contribuíram de forma mais expressiva para o aumento do estoque de C e N do solo. Áreas convertidas para produção agícola, tem o potencial de alterar as frações do COS e atividade microbiana, sobretudo quando faz o uso de irrigação nesses ambientes. A cobertura EG foi mais eficiente na utilização do C e preservação da MOS, aliada a uma alta comunidade microbiana, proporcionando melhor qualidade do solo.
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Rigby, Deborah Monique. "Microbial Responses to Coarse Woody Debris in Juniperus and Pinus Woodlands." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3515.
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The ecological significance of coarse woody debris (CWD) is usually highlighted in forests where CWD constitutes much of an ecosystem's carbon (C) source and stores. However, a unique addition of CWD is occurring in semi-deserts for which there is no ecological analog. To stem catastrophic wildfires and create firebreaks, whole Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) and Pinus edulis (Engelm.) trees are being mechanically shredded into CWD fragments and deposited on soils previously exposed to decades of tree-induced changes that encourage "tree islands of fertility." To investigate consequences of CWD on C and nitrogen (N) cycling, we evaluated microbial metabolic activity and N transformation rates in Juniperus and Pinus surface and subsurface soils that were either shredded or left untreated. We sampled three categories of tree cover on over 40 tree cover encroachment sites. Tree cover categories (LOW = 0-15%, MID ≥ 15-45%, HIGH ≥ 45%) were used to indicate tree island development at time of treatment. In conjunction with our microbial measurements, we evaluated the frequency of three exotic grasses, and thirty-five native perennial grasses to identify links between belowground and aboveground processes. The addition of CWD increased microbial biomass by almost two-fold and increased microbial efficiency, measured as the microbial quotient, at LOW Juniperus cover. C mineralization was enhanced by CWD only in Pinus soils at the edge of tree canopies. The addition of CWD had little impact on microbial activity in subsurface soils. CWD enhanced the availability of dissolved organic C (DOC) and phosphorus (P) but tended to decrease the overall quality of labile DOC, measured as the ratio of soil microbial biomass to DOC. This suggested that the increase in DOC alone or other environmental factors novel to CWD additions lead to the increase in biomass and efficiency. P concentrations were consistently higher following CWD additions for all encroachment levels. The CWD additions decreased N mineralization and nitrification in Juniperus and Pinus soils at LOW and MID tree cover but only in surface soils, suggesting that less inorganic N was available to establishing or residual plants. The frequency of native perennial grasses, especially Elymus elymoides (Raf.), was at least 65% higher under CWD additions for all categories of tree cover, while the frequencies of exotic annual and perennial grasses were not impacted by CWD. The frequency of all perennial grasses ranged from 10-27%. Our results suggest that CWD enhanced microbial activity even when the quality of C substrates declined requiring microbes to immobilize more N. The reduction in inorganic N may promote the establishment and growth of native perennial grasses. Ultimately, the addition of CWD improved soil conditions for microbes in tree islands of fertility.
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Borges, Clovis Daniel [UNESP]. "Alterações microbianas do solo sob sistema de semeadura direta e rotação de culturas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94944.
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borges_cd_me_jabo.pdf: 505108 bytes, checksum: 33787dd8b93a99178ecd21571bb71189 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A rotação de culturas é um processo de cultivo que pode modernizar e aumentar o rendimento da atividade agropecuária de forma sustentável agregando maior qualidade ao solo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (I) avaliar o efeito dos sistemas culturais em plantio direto conduzidos em rotação de culturas e monitorar as alterações das propriedades microbiológicas bioindicadoras da qualidade do solo; (II) investigar as mudanças bioquímicas nos solos decorrentes da adição de diferentes tamanhos de resíduos de soja e milho durante o período de incubação. Foram determinados as biomassas microbianas- C, N e P (CBM, NBM e PBM, respectivamente), a atividade respiratória (C-CO2) e das enzimas desidrogenase, fosfatase e urease, conteúdo do carbono orgânico (Corg), carbono solúvel (Csol), fósforo orgânico (Porg), matéria orgânica (MO), potencial de mineralização do N. O quociente metabólico (qCO2) e microbiano (qMIC) do solo foram calculados. Experimento (I): A avaliação foi realizada em amostras de solo coletadas após a colheita das culturas de verão do ano agrícola 2007/2008, na camada de 0-0,15 m de profundidade em um experimento conduzido sob sistema de semeadura direta, por seis anos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com esquema de faixas com três repetições. As sequências utilizadas foram as monoculturas de soja (Glycine max L.) (SS) e de milho (Zea mays L.) (MM) e a rotação de culturas soja/milho (SM). As culturas de inverno foram milho, girassol (Helianthus anuus L.), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e crotalária (Crotalária juncea L.). O conteúdo da biomassa microbiana-C, N e P do solo aumentou significativamente...
Crop rotation is a practice of growing dissimilar plants that can modernize and increase the farm economy in a sustainable form for adding more quality to the soil. The aims of this study were: (I) evaluate the effect of crop sequences under no-tillage systems on changes in the soil microbiological properties; (II) investigate the biochemistries changes during the incubation of the soil added with different sizes particles of soybean and corn. There were determined the contents of microbial biomass-C, N and P, the production of C-CO2, the activities of the enzymes dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase, the organic carbon (Corg), soluble carbon (Csol), organic phosphorous (Porg) and organic matter (MO) contents and the potential of mineralization N. The soil metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (qMIC) quotients were calculated. Experiment (I): The evaluation was performed in soil samples collected after the summer crops harvest, on 2007/2008 growing season, at 0-0.15 m soil depth layer on an experiment conducted under no-tillage system through six years. The experimental had a completely randomized block design, in strips plots with three replications. The crop sequences were continuous soybean (Glycine max L.) (SS), continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (MM), and crop rotation soybean/corn (SM). Winter crops were corn, sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp (Crotalária juncea L.). The content of microbial biomass-C, N and P in the soil increased significantly in crop sequence SM compared to continuous crop. The interactions SM-millet and MMsorghum influenced the content of biomass-C, SM-hemp and SM-millet in the biomass-N content... (Summary complete electronic access click below)
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Liao, Julia Den-Yue. "Woodland development and soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and storage in a subtropical savanna ecosystem." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1560.
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Woody plant invasion of grasslands is prevalent worldwide, but the biogeochemical consequences of this vegetation shift remain largely unquantified. In the Rio Grande Plains, TX, grasslands and savannas dominated by C4 grasses have undergone succession over the past century to subtropical thorn woodlands dominated by C3 trees/shrubs. To elucidate mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total N (STN) storage and dynamics in this ecosystem, I measured the mass and isotopic composition (δ13C, δ15N) of C and N in whole-soil and soil size/density fractions in chronosequences consisting of remnant grasslands (Time 0) and woody plant stands ranging in age from 10-130 years. Rates of SOC and STN storage
averaged 10-30 g C m-2yr-1 and 1-3 g N m-2yr-1, respectively. These accumulation rates increased soil C and N pools 80-200% following woody encroachment. Soil microbial biomass (SMB-C) also increased after woody invasion. Decreasing Cmic/C org and higher qCO2 in woodlands relative to grasslands suggests that woody litter is of
poorer quality than grassland litter. Greater SOC and STN following woody invasion
may also be due to increased protection of organic matter by stable soil structure. Soil
aggregation increased following woody encroachment; however, most of the C and N
accumulated in free particulate organic matter (POM) fractions not protected within
aggregates. Mean residence times (MRTs) of soil fractions were calculated based on
changes in their δ13C with time after woody encroachment. Free POM had the shortest
average MRTs (30 years) and silt+clay the longest (360 years). Fine POM had MRTs
of about 60 years, reflecting protection by location within aggregates. δ15N values of
soil fractions were positively correlated with their MRTs, suggesting that higher δ15N
values reflect an increased degree of humification. Increases in SOC and STN are
probably being sustained by greater inputs, slower turnover of POM (some
biochemical recalcitrance), and protection of organic matter in aggregates and
association with silt and clay. Grassland-to-woodland conversion during the past
century has been geographically extensive in grassland ecosystems worldwide,
suggesting that changes in soil C and N dynamics and storage documented here could have significance for global C and N cycles.
Books on the topic "Microbial biomass carbon (MBC)"
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Kirchman, David L. Microbial growth, biomass production, and controls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0008.
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Soon after the discovery that bacteria are abundant in natural environments, the question arose as to whether or not they were active. Although the plate count method suggested that they were dormant if not dead, other methods indicated that a large fraction of bacteria and fungi are active, as discussed in this chapter. It goes on to discuss fundamental equations for exponential growth and logistic growth, and it describes phases of growth in batch cultures, continuous cultures, and chemostats. In contrast with measuring growth in laboratory cultures, it is difficult to measure in natural environments for complex communities with co-occurring mortality. Among many methods that have been suggested over the years, the most common one for bacteria is the leucine approach, while for fungi it is the acetate-in ergosterol method. These methods indicate that the growth rate of the bulk community is on the order of days for bacteria in their natural environment. It is faster in aquatic habitats than in soils, and bacteria grow faster than fungi in soils. But bulk rates for bacteria appear to be slower than those for phytoplankton. All of these rates for natural communities are much slower than rates measured for most microbes in the laboratory. Rates in subsurface environments hundreds of meters from light-driven primary production and high organic carbon conditions are even lower. Rates vary greatly among microbial taxa, according to data on 16S rRNA. Copiotrophic bacteria grow much faster than oligotrophic bacteria, but may have low growth rates when conditions turn unfavorable. Some of the factors limiting heterotrophic bacteria and fungi include temperature and inorganic nutrients, but the supply of organic compounds is perhaps most important in most environments.
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Granatstein, David. Long-term tillage and rotation effects on soil microbial biomass, carbon, and nitrogen. 1986.
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Kirchman, David L. Microbial primary production and phototrophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0006.
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This chapter is focused on the most important process in the biosphere, primary production, the turning of carbon dioxide into organic material by higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Photosynthetic microbes account for roughly 50% of global primary production while the other half is by large, terrestrial plants. After reviewing the basic physiology of photosynthesis, the chapter discusses approaches to measuring gross and net primary production and how these processes affect fluxes of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of aquatic ecosystems. It then points out that terrestrial plants have high biomass but relatively low growth, while the opposite is the case for aquatic algae and cyanobacteria. Primary production varies greatly with the seasons in temperate ecosystems, punctuated by the spring bloom when the biomass of one algal type, diatoms, reaches a maximum. Other abundant algal types include coccolithophorids in the oceans and filamentous cyanobacteria in freshwaters. After the bloom, small algae take over and out-compete larger forms for limiting nutrients because of superior uptake kinetics. Abundant types of small algae include two coccoid cyanobacteria, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, the latter said to be the most abundant photoautotroph on the planet because of its large numbers in oligotrophic oceans. Other algae, often dinoflagellates, are toxic. Many algae can also graze on other microbes, probably to obtain limiting nitrogen or phosphorus. Still other microbes are mainly heterotrophic but are capable of harvesting light energy. Primary production in oxic environments is carried out by oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, whereas in anoxic environments with sufficient light, it is anaerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis in which oxygen is not produced. Although its contribution to global primary production is small, anoxygenic photosynthesis helps us understand the biophysics and biochemistry of photosynthesis and its evolution on early Earth. These microbes as well as aerobic phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes make up microbial mats. These mats can provide insights into early life on the planet when a type of mat, “stromatolites,” covered vast areas of primordial seas in the Proterozoic.
Book chapters on the topic "Microbial biomass carbon (MBC)"
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Muzangwa, Lindah, Isaac Gura, Sixolise Mcinga, Pearson Nyari Mnkeni, and Cornelius Chiduza. "Impact of conservation agriculture on soil health: lessons from the university of fort hare trial." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 293–304. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0018.
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Abstract Conservation Agriculture (CA) promotes soil health, but issues to do with soil health are poorly researched in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This study reports on findings from a field trial done on the effects of tillage, crop rotations composed of maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) and residue management on a number of soil health parameters such as carbon (C)-sequestration, CO2 fluxes, enzyme activities, earthworm biomass and the Soil Management Assessment Framework soil quality index (SMAF-SQI). The field trial was done in a semi-arid region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, over five cropping seasons (2012-2015). It was laid out as a split-split plot with tillage [conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT)] as main plot treatment. Sub-treatments were crop rotations: maize-fallow-maize (MFM), maize-fallow-soybean (MFS); maize-wheat-maize (MWM) and maize-wheat-soybean (MWS). Residue management: removal (R-) and retention (R+) were in the sub-sub-plots. Particulate organic matter (POM), soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and enzyme activities were significantly (p < 0.05) improved by residue retention and legume rotation compared to residue removal and cereal-only rotations. Also, carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes under CT were higher compared to NT. The calculated soil quality index (SQI) was greatly improved by NT and residue retention. MWM and MWS rotations, in conjunction with residue retention under NT, offered the greatest potential for building soil health. Residue retention and inclusion of soybean in crop rotations are recommended for improving soil health under CA systems in the semi-arid regions of South Africa.
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Inubushi, Kazuyuki, and Yuhua Kong. "Soil Microbial Biomass and C Storage of an Andosol." In Soil Carbon, 173–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_18.
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Dare, Michael Olajire, J. A. Soremekun, F. O. Inana, O. S. Adenuga, and G. A. Ajiboye. "Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Under Different Maize Cropping Systems." In Soil Carbon, 305–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_32.
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Rice, Charles W., Thomas B. Moorman, and Mike Beare. "Role of Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Soil Quality." In SSSA Special Publications, 203–15. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub49.c12.
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Kouno, Kenji, Hiroyuki Saito, Toshinori Nagaoka, and Tadao Ando. "Effects of different plant species on soil microbial biomass carbon in a grassland soil." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 769–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_248.
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Sarmah, Saswati, Minakshi Gohain, and Dhanapati Deka. "Study of the Effect of Biomass-Derived N-Self Doped Porous Carbon in Microbial Fuel Cell." In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, 1155–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_110.
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Van Veen, J. A., R. Merckx, and S. C. Van De Geijn. "Plant-and soil-related controls of the flow of carbon from roots through the soil microbial biomass." In Ecology of Arable Land — Perspectives and Challenges, 43–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1021-8_5.
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Jadhav, Dipak A., B. Neethu, and Makarand M. Ghangrekar. "Microbial Carbon Capture Cell: Advanced Bio-electrochemical System for Wastewater Treatment, Electricity Generation and Algal Biomass Production." In Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment, 317–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13909-4_14.
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Marando, Graciela, Patricia Jiménez, Ramón Josa, Maria Julià, Marta Ginovart, and Manuel Bonmatí. "Effects of Air-Drying and Rewetting on Extractable Organic Carbon, Microbial Biomass, Soil Respiration and β-Glucosidase and β-Galactosidase Activities of Minimally Disturbed Soils Under Mediterranean Conditions." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 103–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21162-1_8.
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Reeder, J., C. Franks, and D. Milchunas. "Root Biomass and Microbial Processes." In The Potential of U.S. Grazing Lands to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032468.ch6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Microbial biomass carbon (MBC)"
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Zhichen, Yang, Li Hong, and Bai Jinshun. "Effects on Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass Carbon of Different Tillage." In 2015 AASRI International Conference on Circuits and Systems (CAS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cas-15.2015.6.
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Qidujiya, Haitang. "Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization of grazing intensity response." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988831.
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Baoshan, Yang, Chen Qinglin, and Wang Hui. "Effects of the Contamination of Atrazine and Pb on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon." In 2015 AASRI International Conference on Circuits and Systems (CAS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cas-15.2015.2.
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Molari, Massimiliano, Batuhan Yapan, Felix Janssen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Matthias Haeckel, Antje Boetius, and Julia Otte. "Biomass and activity of microbial assemblages associated with polymetallic nodules and implications for the carbon cycle." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6719.
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Zhang, Zengsheng, Ling Chen, and Jianfu Zhao. "Variation characteristic of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in fiber padding of enhanced ecological floating raft." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5776360.
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Kostov, Georgi, Rositsa Denkova-Kostova, Bogdan Goranov, Vesela Shopska, and Zapryana Denkova. "Microbial growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus B1 in a complex nutrient medium (MRS-broth)." In 36th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2022-0135.
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The microbial growth of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus B1, cultivated in a complex nutrient medium (MRS-broth), was studied in the present work. The complex nutrient medium provides not only the carbon source necessary for the growth of biomass, but also all the additional sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and other components that the biomass needs for its growth. The use of non-structural mathematical dependences determines the optimal conditions (substrate concentration) for the accumulation of biomass or lactic acid, depending on the needs of the specific production.
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Kapustová, Zuzana, Andrea Boháčiková, and Ján Lajda. "THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF THE ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS VIA ANAEROBIC DIGESTION." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2020.41.
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Anaerobic digestion is a microbial process that occurs in the absence of oxygen where a community of microbial species breaks down both complex and simple organic materials, ultimately producing methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas refers to a secondary energy carrier that can be produced out of many different kinds of organic materials and its options for utilization can be equally versatile - biogas can be used to generate electricity, heat and biofuels. It is clear that introduction of the subsidies in 2009 for BGPs initiated usage of the AD technology for generating electric energy. The sharpest increase in number of BGPs was recorded in 2013; however, there was a major downsizing in their installation in 2014 due to change in the subsidy system. The main aim of the paper is to forecast economic viability of biogas plants in Slovakia based on the net present value indicator, estimation of payback period of the technology and assessment of the maximum economic price of input material.
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Suckling, Paul, Nicola Calder, Paul Humphreys, Fraser King, and Helen Leung. "The Development and Use of T2GGM: A Gas Modelling Code for the Postclosure Safety Assessment of OPG’s Proposed L&ILW Deep Geologic Repository, Canada." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16291.
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As part of the postclosure safety assessment of Ontario Power Generation’s (OPG’s) proposed Deep Geologic Repository (DGR) for Low and Intermediate Level Waste (L&ILW) at the Bruce site, Ontario, a Gas Generation Model (GGM) has been developed and used to model the detailed generation of gas within the DGR due to corrosion and microbial degradation of the organics and metals present. The GGM is based on a kinetic description of the various microbial and corrosion processes that lead to the generation and consumption of various gases. It takes into account the mass-balance equations for each of the species included in the model, including three forms of organic waste (cellulose, ionexchange resins, and plastics and rubbers), four metallic waste forms and container materials (carbon and galvanised steel, passivated carbon steel, stainless steel and nickel-based alloys, and zirconium alloys), six gases (CO2, N2, O2, H2, H2S, and CH4), five terminal electron acceptors (O2, NO3−, Fe(III), SO42−, and CO2), five forms of biomass (aerobes, denitrifiers, iron reducers, sulphate reducers, and methanogens), four types of corrosion product (FeOOH, FeCO3, Fe3O4, and FeS), and water. The code includes the possibility of the limitation of both microbial and corrosion reactions by the availability of water. The GGM has been coupled with TOUGH2 to produce T2GGM; a code that models the generation of gas in the repository and its subsequent transport through the geosphere. T2GGM estimates the peak repository pressure, long time repository saturation and the total flux of gases from the geosphere. The present paper describes the development of T2GGM and the numerical modelling work undertaken to calculate the generation and build-up of gas in the repository, the two-phase exchange of gas and groundwater between the repository and the surrounding rock, and between the rock and the surface environment. The results have been used to inform the safety assessment modelling.
9
Rawat, Monika. "Soil Respiration Variation under the Canopy of Dominant Tree Species across different seasons in Temperate Forest." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0021.
Full textAbstract:
Soil respiration is defined as the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms are active. It is an important process in the ecosystem and has direct influence on climate change. Therefore understanding it under different vegetation types is an essential goal in soil science. The major sources which effect the soil respiration rate are plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and soil fauna and these sources are control by various factors like temperature, moisture, nutreint content and oxygen in the soil. Soil respiration rate is important for understanding soil biological activity, nutrient cycling, soil microbial biomass, soil organic matter and its decomposition.Therefore soil respiration was studied under the canopy of ten dominant tree species of temperate forest. Our study determined that highest soil respiration was under the canopy of Eunonymous pendulus (EP) i.e. 20.01 μmolm−2 s−1 and across season it was high during the rains.
Reports on the topic "Microbial biomass carbon (MBC)"
1
Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.
Full textAbstract:
In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
2
Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.
Full textAbstract:
In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.