Journal articles on the topic 'Microbial amendments'
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1
Li, Zhigang, Kaiyang Qiu, Rebecca L. Schneider, Stephen J. Morreale, and Yingzhong Xie. "Comparison of microbial community structures in soils with woody organic amendments and soils with traditional local organic amendments in Ningxia of Northern China." PeerJ 7 (May 8, 2019): e6854. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6854.
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Background Addition of organic amendments has been commonly adopted as a means to restore degraded soils globally. More recently, the use of woody organic amendments has been recognized as a viable method of capturing and retaining water and restoring degraded and desertified soil, especially in semi-arid regions. However, the impacts of woody amendments on soil microbial community structure, versus other traditional organic supplements is less understood. Methods Three locally available natural organic materials of different qualities, i.e., cow manure (CM), corn straw (CS), and chipped poplar branches (PB) were selected as treatments in Ningxia, Northern China and compared with control soils. Four microcosms served as replicates for each treatment. All treatments contained desertified soil; treatments with amendments were mixed with 3% (w/w) of one of the above organic materials. After 7 and 15 months from the start of the experiment, soil samples were analyzed for chemical and physical properties, along with biological properties, which included microbial α-diversity, community structure, and relative abundance of microbial phyla. Results Both bacterial and fungal α-diversity indices were weakly affected by amendments throughout the experimental period. All amendments yielded different microbial community compositions than the Control soils. The microbial community composition in the CS and PB treatments also were different from the CM treatment. After 15 months of the experiment, CS and PB exhibited similar microbial community composition, which was consistent with their similar soil physical and chemical properties. Moreover, CS and PB also appeared to exert similar effects on the abundance of some microbial taxa, and both of these treatments yield different abundances of microbial taxa than the CM treatment. Conclusion New local organic amendment with PB tended to affect the microbial community in a similar way to the traditional local organic amendment with CS, but different from the most traditional local organic amendment with CM in Ningxia, Northern China. Moreover, the high C/N-sensitive, and lignin and cellulose decompose-related microbial phyla increased in CS and PB have benefits in decomposing those incorporated organic materials and improving soil properties. Therefore, we recommend that PB should also be considered as a viable soil organic amendment for future not in Ningxia, but also in other places.
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Hao, Jianjun, and Katherine Ashley. "Irreplaceable Role of Amendment-Based Strategies to Enhance Soil Health and Disease Suppression in Potato Production." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081660.
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Soilborne diseases are a major constraining factor to soil health and plant health in potato production. In the toolbox of crop management, soil amendments have shown benefits to control these diseases and improve soil quality. Most amendments provide nutrients to plants and suppress multiple soilborne pathogens. Soil amendments are naturally derived materials and products and can be classified into fresh or living plants, organic or inorganic matters, and microbial supplements. Fresh plants have unique functions and continuously exude chemicals to interact with soil microbes. Organic and inorganic matter contain high levels of nutrients, including nitrogen and carbon that plants and soil microorganisms need. Soil microorganisms, whether being artificially added or indigenously existing, are a key factor in plant health. Microbial communities can be considered as a biological reactor in an ecosystem, which suppress soilborne pathogens in various mechanisms and turn soil organic matter into absorbable forms for plants, regardless of amendment types. Therefore, soil amendments serve as an energy input, nutrient source, and a driving force of microbial activities. Advanced technologies, such as microbiome analyses, make it possible to analyze soil microbial communities and soil health. As research advances on mechanisms and functions, amendment-based strategies will play an important role in enhancing soil health and disease suppression for better potato production.
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Readyhough, Taylor, Deborah A. Neher, and Tucker Andrews. "Organic Amendments Alter Soil Hydrology and Belowground Microbiome of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081561.
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Manure-derived organic amendments are a cost-effective tool that provide many potential benefits to plant and soil health including fertility, water retention, and disease suppression. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate how dairy manure compost (DMC), dairy manure compost-derived vermicompost (VC), and dehydrated poultry manure pellets (PP) impact the tripartite relationship among plant growth, soil physiochemical properties, and microbial community composition. Of tomato plants with manure-derived fertilizers amendments, only VC led to vigorous growth through the duration of the experiment, whereas DMC had mixed impacts on plant growth and PP was detrimental. Organic amendments increased soil porosity and soil water holding capacity, but delayed plant maturation and decreased plant biomass. Composition of bacterial communities were affected more by organic amendment than fungal communities in all microhabitats. Composition of communities outside roots (bulk soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane) contrasted those within roots (endosphere). Distinct microbial communities were detected for each treatment, with an abundance of Massilia, Chryseolinea, Scedosporium, and Acinetobacter distinguishing the control, vermicompost, dairy manure compost, and dehydrated poultry manure pellet treatments, respectively. This study suggests that plant growth is affected by the application of organic amendments not only because of the soil microbial communities introduced, but also due to a synergistic effect on the physical soil environment. Furthermore, there is a strong interaction between root growth and the spatial heterogeneity of soil and root-associated microbial communities.
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Wiseman, P. Eric, Susan Day, and J. Roger Harris. "Organic Amendment Effects on Soil Carbon and Microbial Biomass in the Root Zone of Three Landscape Tree Species." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.036.
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There is increasing interest in amending degraded soils with organic matter to improve soil quality, especially in urban areas where rehabilitation of damaged soils may enhance tree growth and provision of ecosystem services. To assess the potential of such organic amendments for producing a sustained alteration in soil biological characteristics, researchers studied the effects of three organic amendments incorporated into the root zone of three tree species on root development, soil carbon dynamics, and soil microbial biomass over one year beginning 20 months after amendment application. Soil amendment with leaf-based, and to a lesser extent, biosolids-based composts increased root length within the amended root zone of red maple (Acer rubrum), but not of pin oak (Quercus palustris) or chestnut oak (Q. montana). There was a concomitant increase in microbial biomass carbon for red maple. Across all species, sphagnum peat moss amendment reduced microbial biomass carbon by 47% compared to unamended root zones and suppressed maximum seasonal soil respiration relative to composts. In contrast, leaf-based compost increased microbial biomass carbon by 12% (P = 0.0989) compared to unamended root zones. Carbon/nitrogen ratios remained stable throughout most of the year except in the root zones of chestnut oak and pin oak amended with peat, where it declined 44%–85%. Total soil carbon was stable in all treatments, although unamended soils averaged about 40% lower than amended soils. Across all species and treatments, cumulative fine root length explained 19% of the variation in microbial biomass carbon. The study authors conclude that soil microbial activity can be increased by compost amendment of the root zone and that this increase is mediated to some degree by tree roots. In addition, stable C/N ratios suggest this alteration in the root zone may be sustainable. Further research may clarify whether compost amendment combined with tree planting can accelerate soil restoration.
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Bonilla, Nuria, Carmen Vida, Maira Martínez-Alonso, Blanca B. Landa, Nuria Gaju, Francisco M. Cazorla, and Antonio de Vicente. "Organic Amendments to Avocado Crops Induce Suppressiveness and Influence the Composition and Activity of Soil Microbial Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 10 (March 13, 2015): 3405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03787-14.
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ABSTRACTOne of the main avocado diseases in southern Spain is white root rot caused by the fungusRosellinia necatrixPrill. The use of organic soil amendments to enhance the suppressiveness of natural soil is an inviting approach that has successfully controlled other soilborne pathogens. This study tested the suppressive capacity of different organic amendments againstR. necatrixand analyzed their effects on soil microbial communities and enzymatic activities. Two-year-old avocado trees were grown in soil treated with composted organic amendments and then used for inoculation assays. All of the organic treatments reduced disease development in comparison to unamended control soil, especially yard waste (YW) and almond shells (AS). The YW had a strong effect on microbial communities in bulk soil and produced larger population levels and diversity, higher hydrolytic activity and strong changes in the bacterial community composition of bulk soil, suggesting a mechanism of general suppression. Amendment with AS induced more subtle changes in bacterial community composition and specific enzymatic activities, with the strongest effects observed in the rhizosphere. Even if the effect was not strong, the changes caused by AS in bulk soil microbiota were related to the direct inhibition ofR. necatrixby this amendment, most likely being connected to specific populations able to recolonize conducive soil after pasteurization. All of the organic amendments assayed in this study were able to suppress white root rot, although their suppressiveness appears to be mediated differentially.
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García-López, Ana M., Ramiro Recena, and Antonio Delgado. "Soil properties modulate the effect of different carbon amendments on growth and phosphorus uptake by cucumber plant." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, no. 1 (March 2022): e1101-e1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022201-18299.
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Aim of study: Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable, limited and strategic resource, inefficiently used in agriculture. Organic carbon (C) supply to soil can stimulate microbial activity increasing the mobilization of soil P thus improving its uptake by crops. This work aimed at investigating the effect of different C amendments on P uptake and how may differ depending on soil properties and P fertilization. Area of study: Soils used in this study were collected in SW Spain. Material and methods: An experiment with cucumber was performed involving three factors: (i) C amendment (cellulose, glucose, citric acid and control without amendment), (ii) soil type (Vertisol and Alfisol), and (iii) P supply (unfertilized, and mineral phosphate in form of KH2PO4). Main results: Cellulose or glucose provided the highest P uptake by plants in soils independently of the treatment. Cellulose and glucose addition were effective increasing dry matter (DM) in the Alfisol. Citric acid application decreased development of aerial parts and roots, and P uptake in soils compared with other sources. In the Alfisol, increased P uptake with cellulose was associated to an increased concentration of low molecular weight organic acids, which seemed to be related to microbial activity. Research highlights: Organic amendments affect microbial activity, and P mobilization mechanisms are associated to microorganisms. This explain the improvement of P supply to plants with amendments; these effects, however, are modulated by soil properties and consequently vary depending on soil type.
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Li, Yang, Sushuang Liu, Xiangui Yang, Choufei Wu, Quanxin Gao, and Liqin Zhang. "The Influence of Applying Microbial Amendments to Soil and Plants on the Microbial Diversity in the Rhizosphere Soil of Garlic." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2021.2077.
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With the environmental problems brought about by the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, numerous biological amendments have been developed and used in recent years. This study, through in-depth analysis of the effects of two different microbial amendments on the microbial diversity in the garlic rhizosphere, provides a theoretical basis and data support for farmers to select microbial amendments. In the experiment, two different microbial amendments were applied to garlic, and its rhizosphere soil was collected after 10, 20, 30, and 40 days. The polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyze bacterial diversity in the garlic rhizosphere soil. The total abundance and diversity of microbial flora in the rhizosphere soil of garlic increased after application of microbial amendments to soil or plants. Plant growth was significantly better in the soil treatment than the plant treatment and the water control. The two dominant bacteria of uncultured gamma proteobacterium and Uncultured Gemmatimonadete existed only in the soil treatment. After 40 day of treatment, the abundance in the rhizosphere soil of these four bacterial strains (Uncultured Bacillus sp. clone D.an-22, Mesorhizobium sp., uncultured gamma proteobacterium, and Pseudomonas boreopolis) was greater in the soil than the plant treatment and the control. The irrigation of microbial amendments not only influenced the structure and abundance of rhizosphere microorganisms, and also promoted the colonization by microorganisms. The five bacterial strains of uncultured gamma proteobacterium, Uncultured Gemmatimonadetes, Uncultured Bacillus sp. clone D.an-22, Mesorhizobium sp., Pseudomonas boreopolis could facilitate the growth and enhance resistance of garlic, establishing a foundation for the use of microbial amendments and providing new ideas and methods for environmental management and protection.
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Wright, Maureen S., and Isabel M. Lima. "Identification of Microbial Populations in Blends of Worm Castings or Sugarcane Filter Mud Compost with Biochar." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081671.
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Soil amendments are used to improve soil quality, thereby enhancing plant growth and health. Efforts have been made to replace synthetic chemical enhancers. It is also preferable to not use natural products such as peat moss, the harvesting of which can be harmful to marine ecosystems. Viable replacements include worm castings, which can contribute beneficial microbes, as well as physicochemical amendments. Another potential soil amendment is the compost produced from sugarcane processing byproducts. While the texture of these two materials is not ideal for even dispersal onto fields, the addition of biochar improves the texture. Previous work demonstrated that blending them with biochar from sugarcane byproducts added physicochemical benefits, while not quantitatively reducing the microbial load, even after storage. Microbial populations of the blends in the present study were found to (1) contain taxonomic groups that contribute to plant health and (2) not contain human pathogens. Based on the quantitative and qualitative microbial analyses, it has been determined that 50% or less biochar in a blend will allow maintenance of beneficial microbes in stored samples.
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Marmier, Vincent, Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré, Emmanuel Frossard, and Jean Caron. "Impact of Plant-Based Amendments on Water-Soluble Nitrogen Release Dynamics in Cultivated Peatlands." Nitrogen 3, no. 3 (July 23, 2022): 426–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3030028.
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Drained cultivated peatlands have been an essential agricultural resource for many years. To slow and reduce the degradation of these soils, which increases with drainage, the use of plant-based amendments (straw, wood chips, and biochar) has been proposed. Literature on the effects of such amendments in cultivated peatlands is scarce, and questions have been raised regarding the impact of this practice on nutrient cycling, particularly nitrogen (N) dynamics. By means of a six-month incubation experiment, this study assessed the effects of four plant-based amendments (biochar, a forest mix, willow, and miscanthus) on the release kinetics of water-soluble N pools (mineral and organic) in two histosols of differing degrees of decomposition (Haplosaprist and Haplohemist). The amendment rate was set at 15 Mg ha−1 on a dry weight basis. The N release kinetics were significantly impacted by soil type and amendment. Miscanthus and willow were the amendments that most reduced the release of soluble organic N (SON) and mineral N (minN). The addition of plant-based amendments reduced the total amount of released N pools during the incubation (cumulative N pools) by 50.3 to 355.2 mg kg−1, depending on the soil type, the N pool, and the type of amendment. A significant relationship was found between microbial biomass N, urease activity, and the cumulative N at the end of the incubation. The results showed that the input of plant-based amendments in cultivated peatland decreases N release, which could have a beneficial impact by decreasing N leaching; however, it could also restrict crop growth. Further research is needed to fully assess the impact of such amendments used in cultivated peatlands on N and on C fluxes at the soil–plant and soil–atmosphere interfaces to determine if they constitute a long-term solution for more sustainable agriculture.
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Kaur, Jatinder, Sandeep Sharma, and Hargopal Singh. "Comparative assessment of microbial enzyme activity with compost and sewage sludge amendment." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 1021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.725.
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Changes in soil microbial activities were investigated to examine the effect of aerobically digested sewage sludge (SS) and compared with compost under incubation conditions over 63 days. Sandy soil was amended with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % w/w of compost and sewage sludge. Enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, phytase and urease) were examined at an interval of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 63 days. At the end of the experiment the change in organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus was also recorded.Results indicated that enzyme activities were substantially enhanced in presence of both amendments for first few days and the higher increases were measured at 1.5% of compost and sewage sludge amendment. Then an overall decrease in enzyme activity was recorded. Both the amendments also significantly increased the organic carbon, nitrogen and potassium of the soil while increase in available phosphorus was only recorded in treatment receiving compost. The present experiment indicated that addition of compost and sewage sludge have positive effect on soil microbial activity and can be safely used as soil amendment without having any adverse effect. Though, a previous examination of sewage sludge to be used must be made for heavy metals and pathogens.
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Xie, Yanluo, Kemeng Xiao, Yang Sun, Yufeng Gao, Han Yang, and Heng Xu. "Effects of amendments on heavy metal immobilization and uptake by Rhizoma chuanxiong on copper and cadmium contaminated soil." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 181138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181138.
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An improved method was applied for remediating cadmium and copper co-contaminated soil and reducing the metal concentration in Rhizoma chuanxiong . Pot experiments were conducted with six amendments (composed with bentonite, phosphate, humic acid, biochar, sepiolite powder, etc.). The results showed that soil pH, biological activities (soil enzymatic activities and microbial counts) and R. chuanxiong biomass were greatly improved with the addition of amendments in all treatments, especially in T3 and T6. Also, amendments effectively decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde and H 2 O 2 in R. chuanxiong . In the T3 treatment, the bio-available Cd and Cu in soil were significantly decreased by 0.53 and 0.41 mg kg −1 , respectively. Meanwhile, the amendment in T3 reduced Cd and Cu accumulation in R. chuanxiong about 45.83 and 39.37%, respectively, compared to T0. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed the surface functional groups of every amendment. To conclude, this study offers an effective and environmental method to reduce metal accumulation in R. chuanxiong on heavy metal co-contaminated soil.
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Luyima, Deogratius, Michael Egyir, Yeo-Uk Yun, Seong-Jin Park, and Taek-Keun Oh. "Nutrient Dynamics in Sandy Soil and Leaf Lettuce Following the Application of Urea and Urea-Hydrogen Peroxide Impregnated Co-Pyrolyzed Animal Manure and Bone Meal." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081664.
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There is a paucity of data regarding the effect of nutrient-enriched biochar amendments on nutrient dynamics in both soil and crops. This is important because unlike pristine biochar, nutrient-enriched biochar is applied to the soil in minute quantities as large amounts may led to over application of the nutrients loaded in it. The current study examined the effects of both phosphorus- and nitrogen-enriched biochars on the dynamics of both macro and micronutrients in the sandy soil and leaf lettuce grown thereon. The phosphorus enrichment followed co-pyrolysis of animal manure (cow dung) with 25% and 50% bone meal (w/w), while the nitrogen enrichment was achieved by soaking the co-pyrolyzed biochar into urea and urea-hydrogen peroxide. The performances of the nutrient-enriched biochar were compared with the conventional amendment of urea and triple superphosphate (TSP) in the production of leaf lettuce over a period of two seasons in a pot experiment. The nutrient-enriched biochar amendments resulted into higher microbial biomass carbon and carbon to nitrogen ratios than the conventional amendment. The conventional amendment caused more phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium accumulations in the leaf lettuce than the nutrient-enriched biochar amendments. The nutrient-enriched biochar amendments led to more accumulations of nitrogen, calcium, and micronutrient elements in the leaf lettuce and availabilities of all the nutrient elements in the soil and thus, nutrient-enriched biochar acted as a reservoir that could provide nutrients to the growing lettuce beyond a single growing season.
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Pu, X. Z., G. J. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, Y. J. Liu, and W. F. Zhang. "Effects of straw management, inorganic fertiliser, and manure amendment on soil microbial properties, nutrient availability, and root growth in a drip-irrigated cotton field." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 12 (2016): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16230.
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Organic amendments not only improve soil conditions but also affect belowground biological processes. This study used a split plot design to investigate the effects of cotton straw management, inorganic fertiliser, and manure amendment on (i) soil nutrient content, (ii) soil microbial properties, and (iii) cotton root growth in a drip-irrigated cotton field. Straw return significantly increased soil inorganic nitrogen (N), N transformation rates, organic carbon (C), and urease activity. Straw return, however, had no significant effect on either root growth or activity. Inorganic fertiliser and/or manure amendment significantly increased inorganic N, N transformation rates, organic C, microbial biomass C, urease activity, and invertase activity. Inorganic fertiliser and/or manure also significantly increased fine root growth, triphenyltetrazolium chloride-reducing capacity, and specific root length. Moreover, the inorganic fertiliser plus manure treatment had the greatest soil inorganic N concentrations, N mineralisation rate, total carbon dioxide efflux, C mineralisation rate, soil organic C concentration, microbial biomass C concentration and enzyme activity, as well as root biomass, fine root : coarse root ratio, root triphenyltetrazolium chloride-reducing capacity and specific root length. Straw return to inorganically fertilised soil increased inorganic N concentrations by 11%, net N mineralisation rate by 59%, net nitrification by 59%, gross nitrification by 14%, denitrification by 39%, and urease activity by 25% compared with inorganic fertiliser alone. Taken together, the results indicated that straw return and manure application significantly promoted soil microbial activity and soil N transformation in the presence of inorganic fertiliser. The manure amendment enabled the crop to develop a more extensive root system, primarily by increasing the number of fine roots. Thus, organic amendments may improve the acquisition efficiency of inorganic fertiliser in drip-irrigated cotton fields.
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Csitári, Gábor, Zoltán Tóth, and Mónika Kökény. "Effects of Organic Amendments on Soil Aggregate Stability and Microbial Biomass in a Long-Term Fertilization Experiment (IOSDV)." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179769.
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The effect of two types of organic amendment (manure and straw incorporation) and various doses (0–200 kg N*ha−1) of mineral N fertilization on microbial biomass C (MBC), aggregate stability (AS), soil organic C (SOC) and grain yield were investigated in an IOSDV long-term fertilization experiment (Keszthely, Hungary). This study was conducted during years 2015–2016 in a sandy loam Ramann-type brown forest soil (Eutric Cambisol according to WRB). Organic amendments had a significant effect on AS, MBC and SOC, increased their values compared to the unamended control. The organic amendments showed different effects on AS and MBC. AS was increased the most by straw incorporation and MBC by manure application. The magnitude of temporal variability of AS and MBC differed. Presumably, the different effects of organic amendments and the different degrees of temporal variability explain why there was only a weak (0.173) correlation between AS and MBC. AS did not correlate with SOC or grain yield. MBC correlated (0.339) with SOC but not with the grain yield. The N fertilizer dose did not have a significant effect on AS and MBC, but had a significant effect on SOC and grain yield.
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Yang, Sheng-xiang, Bin Liao, Rong-bo Xiao, and Jin-tian Li. "Effects of Amendments on Soil Microbial Diversity, Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Accumulation after Assisted Phytostabilization of an Extremely Acidic Metalliferous Mine Soil." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081552.
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Current criteria for successful phytostabilization of metalliferous mine wastelands have paid much attention to soil physico-chemical properties and vegetation characteristics. However, it remains poorly understood as to how the soil microbial community responds to phytostabilization practices. To explore the effects of amendments on the microbial community after assisted phytostabilization of an extremely acidic metalliferous mine soil (pH < 3), a pot experiment was performed in which different amendments and/or combinations including lime, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and river sediment were applied. Our results showed the following: (1) The amendments significantly increased soil microbial activity and biomass C, being 2.6–4.9 and 1.9–4.1 times higher than those in the controls, respectively. (2) The activities of dehydrogenase, cellulase and urease increased by 0.9–7.5, 2.2–6.8 and 6.7–17.9 times while acid phosphatase activity decreased by 58.6%–75.1% after the application of the amendments by comparison with the controls. (3) All the amendments enhanced the nutrient status of the mine soil, with organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased by 5.7–7.8, 3.1–6.8 and 1.1–1.9 times, relative to the mine soil. In addition, there were strong positive correlations between soil microbial community parameters and nutrient factors, suggesting that they were likely to be synergistic. From an economic view, the combination of lime (25 t ha−1) and sediment from the Pearl River (30%) was optimal for functional rehabilitation of the microbial community in the extremely acidic metalliferous mine soil studied.
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Maduka,, C. M., and Udensi, Chukwuma Great. "Comparative analysis of the effect of some organic manure on soil microorganisms." Bionatura 4, no. 3 (August 15, 2019): 922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2019.04.03.8.
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This study showed that the abundance of different microbial groups was general in soil with amendments in comparison to soils without amendments. It was discovered that soils with organic manures were rich in bacteria and fungi diversity when compared with soil without organic manure, which recorded low microbial counts. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were widely distributed in this study. The soil treatment which had Cow dung showed highest microbial count and heights for growth of maize seeds, and the compost manure soil treatment followed this, and the poultry manure soil treatment was next. This suggests that the higher the fertility in amended soils is revealed in the heights of the maize plant grown and colony counts. Plant height recorded under various amendments showed significant differences (p<0.05).
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Hammerschmiedt, Tereza, Jiri Holatko, Marek Sudoma, Antonin Kintl, Jan Vopravil, Pavel Ryant, Petr Skarpa, Maja Radziemska, Oldrich Latal, and Martin Brtnicky. "Biochar and Sulphur Enriched Digestate: Utilization of Agriculture Associated Waste Products for Improved Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content, Microbial Activity, and Plant Growth." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102041.
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A number of agriculture residues may be used either directly or after suitable treatment as amendments to improve soil quality. Such materials include biochar made of agriculture residues, digestate or elemental sulphur obtained from biogas desulphurisation. The joint use of these materials via pre-incubation may be more advantageous than only mixing prior the application to soil. In this study, digestates were mixed with amendments and incubated for 6 weeks before application to soil in a short-term pot experiment with lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The following treatments were tested: control digestate, digestate + biochar, digestate + elemental sulphur, digestate + biochar + elemental sulphur. The biochar-enriched digestate significantly increased soil microbial biomass, soil C:N, fresh above ground biomass, fresh and dry root biomass. Elemental sulphur-enriched digestate caused highest arylsulfatase and phosphatase, increased urease, microbial biomass in soil and fresh root biomass. Amendment of digestate + biochar + sulphur led to the significantly highest total soil carbon, microbial biomass, β-glucosidase, urease, and increased C:N ratio, arylsulfatase in soil and root biomass. It mitigated the adverse effect of either biochar or elemental sulphur on soil respiration. Properties of digestates were apparently affected by pre-incubation. This approach in digestate fertilizer production may contribute to sustainable farming.
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Poret-Peterson, Amisha T., Nada Sayed, Nathaniel Glyzewski, Holly Forbes, Enid T. González-Orta, and Daniel A. Kluepfel. "Temporal Responses of Microbial Communities to Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation." Microbial Ecology 80, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01477-6.
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AbstractAnaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is an organic amendment-based management tool for controlling soil-borne plant diseases and is increasingly used in a variety of crops. ASD results in a marked decrease in soil redox potential and other physicochemical changes, and a turnover in the composition of the soil microbiome. Mechanisms of ASD-mediated pathogen control are not fully understood, but appear to depend on the carbon source used to initiate the process and involve a combination of biological (i.e., release of volatile organic compounds) and abiotic (i.e., lowered pH, release of metal ions) factors. In this study, we examined how the soil microbiome changes over time in response to ASD initiated with rice bran, tomato pomace, or red grape pomace as amendments using growth chamber mesocosms that replicate ASD-induced field soil redox conditions. Within 2 days, the soil microbiome rapidly shifted from a diverse assemblage of taxa to being dominated by members of the Firmicutes for all ASD treatments, whereas control mesocosms maintained diverse and more evenly distributed communities. Rice bran and tomato pomace amendments resulted in microbial communities with similar compositions and trajectories that were different from red grape pomace communities. Quantitative PCR showed nitrogenase gene abundances were higher in ASD communities and tended to increase over time, suggesting the potential for altering soil nitrogen availability. These results highlight the need for temporal and functional studies to understand how pathogen suppressive microbial communities assemble and function in ASD-treated soils.
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Pérez-Piqueres, Ana, Véronique Edel-Hermann, Claude Alabouvette, and Christian Steinberg. "Response of soil microbial communities to compost amendments." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38, no. 3 (March 2006): 460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.05.025.
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Shi, Feifan, Xinyue Zhao, Qilu Cheng, Hui Lin, Huabao Zheng, and Qifa Zhou. "High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 12212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912212.
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Soil microbial biomass (SMB) and soil microbial communities (SMCs) are the key factors in soil health and agricultural sustainability. We hypothesized that low bioavailable carbon (C) and energy were the key limiting factors influencing soil microbial growth and developed a new fertilization system to address this: the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers and high-energy-density organic amendments (HED-OAs). A microcosm soil incubation experiment and a Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis pot culture experiment were used to test the effects of this new system. Compared to mineral fertilizer application alone, the simultaneous input of fertilizers and vegetable oil (SIFVO) achieved a bacterial abundance, fungal abundance, and fungal:bacterial ratio that were two orders of magnitude higher, significantly higher organic C and nitrogen (N) content, significantly lower N loss, and nearly net-zero N2O emissions. We proposed an energy and nutrient threshold theory to explain the observed bacterial and fungal growth characteristics, challenging the previously established C:N ratio determination theory. Furthermore, SIFVO led to microbial community improvements (an increased fungal:bacterial ratio, enriched rhizosphere bacteria and fungi, and reduced N-transformation bacteria) that were beneficial for agricultural sustainability. A low vegetable oil rate (5 g/kg) significantly promoted Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis growth and decreased the shoot N content by 35%, while a high rate caused severe N deficiency and significantly inhibited growth of the crop, confirming the exceptionally high microbial abundance and indicating severe microbe–crop competition for nutrients in the soil.
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Carpio, María José, Carlos García-Delgado, Jesús María Marín-Benito, María Jesús Sánchez-Martín, and María Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz. "Soil Microbial Community Changes in a Field Treatment with Chlorotoluron, Flufenacet and Diflufenican and Two Organic Amendments." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081166.
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The soil microbial activity, biomass and structure were evaluated in an unamended (S) and organically amended soil treated with two commercial formulations of the herbicides chlorotoluron (Erturon®) and flufenacet plus diflufenican (Herold®) under field conditions. Soils were amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) or green compost (GC). Soil microbial dehydrogenase activity (DHA), biomass and structure determined by the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were recorded at 0, 45, 145, 229 and 339 days after herbicide treatment. The soil DHA values steadily decreased over time in the unamended soil treated with the herbicides, while microbial activity was constant in the amended soils. The amended soils recorded higher values of concentrations of PLFAs. Total soil microbial biomass decreased over time regardless of the organic amendment or the herbicide. Herbicide application sharply decreased the microbial population, with a significant modification of the microbial structure in the unamended soil. In contrast, no significant differences in microbial biomass and structure were detected in S + SMS and S + GC, untreated or treated with herbicides. The application of SMS and GC led to a significant shift in the soil microbial community regardless of the herbicides. The use of SMS and GC as organic amendments had a certain buffer effect on soil DHA and microbial biomass and structure after herbicide application due to the higher adsorption capacity of herbicides by the amended soils.
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Torres, I. F., F. Bastida, T. Hernández, J. Albaladejo, and C. García. "Enzyme activity, microbial biomass and community structure in a long-term restored soil under semi-arid conditions." Soil Research 53, no. 5 (2015): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14297.
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Our aim was to evaluate the long-term influences of urban organic amendments on the enzymes involved in the carbon cycle under semi-arid conditions, including changes in the biomass and structure of the microbial community. A soil was restored 24 years ago with an organic amendment based on domestic organic waste. Organic amendment was applied to soil in order to increase the content of total organic carbon (TOC) by 0.5% and 1.5% with respect to the original TOC content. Enzyme isoform composition was studied by using zymographic techniques based on protein extraction, separation by gel electrophoresis and further enzyme-specific, in-gel staining. Total cellulose and β-glucosidase activities, microbial biomass estimated by phospholipid-fatty acid analysis and the number of isoforms of each enzyme showed increases related to the initial amount of organic amendment and the consequent development of vegetation. The information obtained by enzyme activity assays may be improved by the use of zymographic techniques, which allow the investigation of the variety of isoforms of each enzyme. This information could improve the understanding of the relationship between the microbial community and carbon cycling in restored areas.
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Cardelli, Roberto, Gabriele Giussani, Fausto Marchini, and Alessandro Saviozzi. "Short-term effects on soil of biogas digestate, biochar and their combinations." Soil Research 56, no. 6 (2018): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18017.
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The use of the residual material from waste aerobic digestion and biochar as amendments is currently discussed in the literature concerning the positive and negative effects on soil quality. We assessed the suitability of digestate (D) from biogas production and green biochar (B) to improve soil biological activity and antioxidant capacity and investigated whether there is an interaction between digestate and biochar applied to soil in combination. In a short-term (100-days) laboratory incubation, we monitored soil chemical and biological parameters. We compared soil amendments with 1% D (D1), 5% D (D5), 1% B (B), digestate–biochar combinations (D1+B and D5+B), and soil with no amendment. In D5, CO2 production, antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and dehydrogenase activity (DH-ase) and the contents of microbial biomass C, DOC and alkali-soluble phenols increased to the highest level. The biochar increased the total organic C (TOC) and TEAC of soil but decreased DOC, CO2 production, microbial biomass C, and DH-ase. The addition of biochar to digestate reduced soluble compounds (DOC and phenols), thus limiting the amount and activity of the soil microbial biomass (CO2 production and DH-ase). After 100 days of incubation D5+B showed the highest TOC content (82.8% of the initial amount). Both applied alone and in combination with digestate, the biochar appears to enrich the soil C sink by reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.
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Bulluck, L. R., and J. B. Ristaino. "Effect of Synthetic and Organic Soil Fertility Amendments on Southern Blight, Soil Microbial Communities, and Yield of Processing Tomatoes." Phytopathology® 92, no. 2 (February 2002): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.2.181.
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Soil fertility amendments, including composted cotton-gin trash, swine manure, a rye-vetch green manure, or synthetic fertilizers, were applied to subplots and tillage on bare soil; or tillage followed by surface mulch with wheat straw were applied to main plots to determine the effect on the incidence of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, yield of processing tomato, and soil microbial communities. The amendment-tillage interaction was significant in 1997 and disease incidence was 67% in tilled bare soil receiving synthetic fertilizers; whereas disease incidence was 3, 12, and 16% in surface-mulched plots amended with a composted cotton-gin trash, swine manure, or a rye-vetch green manure. The amendment effect was significant in 1998, and disease incidence was 61% in plots receiving synthetic fertilizer and was 23, 44, and 53% in plots receiving cotton-gin trash, swine manure, or rye-vetch green manure, respectively. In 1997, yields were highest in tilled surface-mulched plots amended with synthetic fertilizers, cotton-gin trash, or swine manure, respectively. In 1998, yields were low in all plots and there were no significant differences in yield due to treatment. Propagule densities of antagonistic soil fungi in the genus Trichoderma were highest in soils amended with composted cotton-gin trash or swine manure in both years. Propagule densities of fluorescent pseudomonads in soil were higher in plots amended with organic amendments than with synthetic fertilizers in both years. Propagules densities of enteric bacteria were elevated in soils amended with raw swine manure biosolids in both years. Our research indicates that some organic amendments, such as cotton-gin trash, reduced the incidence of southern blight in processing tomato and also enhanced populations of beneficial soil microbes.
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Cooper, J. M., and P. R. Warman. "Effects of three fertility amendments on soil dehydrogenase activity, organic C and pH." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-023.
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An Acadia silty clay and a Pugwash sandy loam were each fertilized with three rates of either composted chicken manure, fresh chicken manure, or synthetic fertilizer. The effects of these amendments on soil microbial activity (dehydrogenase enzyme activity, DHA), organic C and pH were monitored. The sandy loam soil, which was relatively high in organic C, did not experience increases in DHA due to organic amendments while compost produced higher DHA than manure or fertilizer treatments to the silty clay soil. There was no treatment effect on soil organic C in the sandy loam, while organic treatments increased organic C in the silty clay soil. Soil pH was affected by treatments to both soils with compost amendments producing the greatest increases in this parameter. The results emphasize the importance of considering initial soil organic C and soil texture when planning studies of the effect of organic amendments on soil microbial activity. Key words: Dehydrogenase, compost, chicken manure, pH, soil organic carbon
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Dong, Yang, Jianwei Zhang, Ruirui Chen, Linghao Zhong, Xiangui Lin, and Youzhi Feng. "Microbial Community Composition and Activity in Saline Soils of Coastal Agro–Ecosystems." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040835.
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Soil salinity is a serious problem for agriculture in coastal regions. Nevertheless, the effects of soil salinity on microbial community composition and their metabolic activities are far from clear. To improve such understanding, we studied microbial diversity, community composition, and potential metabolic activity of agricultural soils covering non–, mild–, and severe–salinity. The results showed that salinity had no significant effect on bacterial richness; however, it was the major driver of a shift in bacterial community composition and it significantly reduced microbial activity. Abundant and diverse of microbial communities were detected in the severe–salinity soils with an enriched population of salt–tolerant species. Co–occurrence network analysis revealed stronger dependencies between species associated with severe salinity soils. Results of microcalorimetric technology indicated that, after glucose amendment, there was no significant difference in microbial potential activity among soils with the three salinity levels. Although the salt prolonged the lag time of microbial communities, the activated microorganisms had a higher growth rate. In conclusion, salinity shapes soil microbial community composition and reduces microbial activity. An addition of labile organic amendments can greatly alleviate salt restrictions on microbial activity, which provides new insight for enhancing microbial ecological functions in salt–affected soils.
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Yazdanpanah, N. "CO<sub>2</sub> emission and structural characteristics of two calcareous soils amended with municipal solid waste and plant residue." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): 3151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3151-2015.
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Abstract. This investigation examines the effect of different amendments on selected soil physical and biological properties over a twenty four month period in two cropland fields. Urban municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and alfalfa residue (AR) were used as different organic amendments at the rates of 0 (control), 10 and 30 Mg ha−1 to a clay loam soil and a loamy sand soil in a semiarid region. Result showed that the soil improvement was controlled by the application rate and decomposability of amendments and soil type. The addition of organic amendments to the soils improved aggregate stability and consequently enhanced total porosity, especially macro pores fraction. The increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and total porosity values as compared to the control treatment were greater in the loamy sand soil than in the clay loam soil. Moreover, compared to the microbial respiration of control plots, the application of MSW resulted in higher values of microbial respiration in the clay loam soil than in the loamy sand soil, whereas the reverse order was found for AR. Linear and power functions were provided for the relationships between microbial respiration and SOC in the loamy sand and clay loam soils, respectively. Also, CO2 emission was stimulated significantly as power functions of the total porosity and the ratio of macro to micro pores. However, the soil microbial respiration and carbon storage improved aggregate stability and pore size distribution, as a response, soil porosity especially macro pores fraction controlled CO2 flux.
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Yazdanpanah, N. "CO<sub>2</sub> emission and structural characteristics of two calcareous soils amended with municipal solid waste and plant residue." Solid Earth 7, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-105-2016.
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Abstract. This investigation examines the effect of different amendments on selected soil physical and biological properties over a 24-month period in two cropland fields. Urban municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and alfalfa residue (AR) were used as different organic amendments at the rates of 0 (control), 10 and 30 Mg ha−1 to a clay loam soil and a loamy sand soil in a semiarid region. Results showed that the soil improvement was controlled by the application rate and decomposability of amendments and soil type. The addition of organic amendments to the soils improved aggregate stability and consequently enhanced total porosity, especially macropore fraction. The increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and total porosity values as compared to the control treatment were greater in the loamy sand soil than in the clay loam soil. Moreover, compared to the microbial respiration of control plots, the application of MSW resulted in higher values of microbial respiration in the clay loam soil than in the loamy sand soil, whereas the reverse was found for AR. Linear and power functions were provided for the relationships between microbial respiration and SOC in the loamy sand and clay loam soils, respectively. Also, CO2 emission was stimulated significantly as power functions of the total porosity and the ratio of macroporosity to microporosity. However, the soil microbial respiration and carbon storage improved aggregate stability and pore size distribution, and as a response, soil porosity, especially the macropore fraction, controlled CO2 flux.
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SABER, Mohamed, and Alaa M. ZAGHLOUL. "Evaluation of biochemical treatments applied in polluted soils irrigated with low quality water for long periods of time through the CO2 efflux." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.4.2111.
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<p class="042abstractstekst"><span lang="EN-US">To sightsee the bearings of the certain remediation amendments, usually applied in the bioremediation of soils irrigated with low quality water for extended periods on the indigenous microbial population, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at National Research Centre (NRC) where the soil ecosystem was supplied with varied mineral remediation amendments and the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) refluxes were followed up. In this study, microbial activity through CO<sub>2</sub> efflux was taken as an indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of eight soil amendments in minimizing the hazards of inorganic pollutants in soil ecosystem irrigated with low quality water s for more than 40 years. Results showed that Ni and Zn were the most dominant contaminants that adversely influenced indigenous microbial activities in untreated soil, while Cu was the most persuasive. All trailed remediation amendments significantly minimized the hazards of inorganic pollutants in treated soil ecosystems. In addition, modified bentonite (Probentonite) was the best persuasive one. Mechanisms take place between trailed remediation amendments and inorganic pollutants in the studied soil ecosystems were discussed. In conclusion application of certain raw or modified clay minerals especially Probentonite could be a good tool in decreasing the rate of the studied inorganic pollutants in a contaminated soil ecosystem irrigated with low quality water for extended periods. </span></p>
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Scherer, H. W., D. J. Metker, and G. Welp. "Effect of long-term organic amendments on chemical and microbial properties of a luvisol." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 11 (November 8, 2011): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3283-pse.
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We studied the long-term effect (about 45 years) of farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost application in two increments on organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), the amount (C<sub>mic</sub>) and activity of the microbial biomass (soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity), total N content and N delivery of soils as compared to manuring with mineral fertilizers. The application of both increments of compost and the high sewage sludge application rate resulted in an increase in C<sub>org</sub> while soils treated with both compost application rates and the high farmyard manure application rate showed a significant increase in C<sub>mic</sub>. C<sub>mic</sub>/C<sub>org</sub> ranged between 1.7 and 3.3. Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration were the greatest in the soil with the highest compost and farmyard manure application rates. Total soil N content was significantly higher in both compost treatments and in the treatment with the high sewage sludge application rate. This was accompanied by the highest N uptake of ryegrass.
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Ahmed, Bulbul, Jean-Baptiste Floc’h, Zakaria Lahrach, and Mohamed Hijri. "Phytate and Microbial Suspension Amendments Increased Soybean Growth and Shifted Microbial Community Structure." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091803.
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Phytate represents an organic pool of phosphorus in soil that requires hydrolysis by phytase enzymes produced by microorganisms prior to its bioavailability by plants. We tested the ability of a microbial suspension made from an old growth maple forest’s undisturbed soil to mineralize phytate in a greenhouse trial on soybean plants inoculated or non-inoculated with the suspension. MiSeq Amplicon sequencing targeting bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS was performed to assess microbial community changes following treatments. Our results showed that soybean nodulation and shoot dry weight biomass increased when phytate was applied to the nutrient-poor substrate mixture. Bacterial and fungal diversities of the root and rhizosphere biotopes were relatively resilient following inoculation by microbial suspension; however, bacterial community structure was significantly influenced. Interestingly, four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were identified as indicator species, including Glomus sp., Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis mosseae and an unidentified AMF taxon. We also observed that an ericoid mycorrhizal taxon Sebacina sp. and three Trichoderma spp. were among indicator species. Non-pathogenic Planctobacteria members highly dominated the bacterial community as core and hub taxa for over 80% of all bacterial datasets in root and rhizosphere biotopes. Overall, our study documented that inoculation with a microbial suspension and phytate amendment improved soybean plant growth.
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Mazzola, Mark, David M. Granatstein, Donald C. Elfving, and Kent Mullinix. "Suppression of Specific Apple Root Pathogens by Brassica napus Seed Meal Amendment Regardless of Glucosinolate Content." Phytopathology® 91, no. 7 (July 2001): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.7.673.
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The impact of Brassica napus seed meal on the microbial complex that incites apple replant disease was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Regardless of glucosinolate content, seed meal amendment at a rate of 0.1% (vol/vol) significantly enhanced growth of apple and suppressed apple root infection by Rhizoctonia spp. and Pratylenchus penetrans. High glucosinolate B. napus cv. Dwarf Essex seed meal amendments did not consistently suppress soil populations of Pythium spp. or apple root infection by this pathogen. Application of a low glucosinolate containing B. napus seed meal at a rate of 1.0% (vol/vol) resulted in a significant increase in recovery of Pythium spp. from apple roots, and a corresponding reduction in apple seedling root biomass. When applied at lower rates, B. napus seed meal amendments enhanced populations of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., but these bacteria were not recovered from soils amended with seed meal at a rate of 2% (vol/vol). Seed meal amendments resulted in increased soil populations of total bacteria and actinomycetes. B. napus cv. Dwarf Essex seed meal amendments were phytotoxic to apple when applied at a rate of 2% (vol/vol), and phytotoxicity was not diminished when planting was delayed for as long as 12 weeks after application. These findings suggest that B. napus seed meal amendments can be a useful tool in the management of apple replant disease and, in the case of Rhizoctonia spp., that disease control operates through mechanisms other than production of glucosinolate hydrolysis products.
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Xiong, Wu, Rong Li, Sai Guo, Ida Karlsson, Zixuan Jiao, Weibing Xun, George A. Kowalchuk, Qirong Shen, and Stefan Geisen. "Microbial amendments alter protist communities within the soil microbiome." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 135 (August 2019): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.05.025.
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Acea, M. "Microbial response to organic amendments in a forest soil." Bioresource Technology 57, no. 2 (August 1996): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(96)00071-5.
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Chahal, Shaminder Singh, Om Parkash Choudhary, and Manpreet Singh Mavi. "Organic amendments decomposability influences microbial activity in saline soils." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 63, no. 13 (March 30, 2017): 1875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1308491.
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Rodriguez-Kabana, R., G. Morgan-Jones, and I. Chet. "Biological control of nematodes: Soil amendments and microbial antagonists." Plant and Soil 100, no. 1-3 (February 1987): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02370944.
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Ghosh, Subhadip, Nilantha Hulugalle, Peter Lockwood, Kathleen King, Paul Kristiansen, and Heiko Daniel. "Organic amendments influence nutrient availability and cotton productivity in irrigated Vertosols." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 11 (2008): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar08141.
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There is increasing interest in the use of organic amendments in the Australian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) industry because of perceived benefits to soil health and the environment. A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the Australian Cotton Research Institute (ACRI), near Narrabri, NSW, using three locally available organic amendments applied at typical farmers’ rates to irrigated cotton. The amendments used were cattle manure (10 t/ha), composted cotton gin trash (7.5 t/ha), and a commercial liquefied vermicompost (50 L/ha), and their effects on soil quality characteristics were compared with those of control soil where no amendment was added. The soil (0–0.10 m) was sampled on six occasions and analysed for selected chemical and microbiological properties. The physiological characteristics and nutrient uptake of mature cotton plants were also examined. The organic amendments did not have a significant effect on microbiological properties as measured by microbial biomass and respiration. Of the chemical properties measured, manure-amended plots showed higher nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium (K) concentrations over 2 years. Exchangeable K was 28% higher where cattle manure was applied than in control plots during the active growth stage of cotton in the first year of experiment. Higher nutrient uptake by mature cotton plants and lower nutrient concentration in soil were observed in the second year. Cotton physiological properties and lint yield were not significantly affected by the application of organic amendments. Seasonal parameters had a strong effect. The results suggest that there are few short-term benefits to be gained in terms of soil quality from application of organic amendments to Vertosols at the rates used in these trials.
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Brtnicky, Martin, Tereza Dokulilova, Jiri Holatko, Vaclav Pecina, Antonin Kintl, Oldrich Latal, Tomas Vyhnanek, Jitka Prichystalova, and Rahul Datta. "Long-Term Effects of Biochar-Based Organic Amendments on Soil Microbial Parameters." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110747.
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Biochar application to the soil has been recommended as a carbon (C) management approach to sequester C and improve soil quality. Three-year experiments were conducted to investigate the interactive effects of three types of amendments on microbial biomass carbon, soil dehydrogenase activity and soil microbial community abundance in luvisols of arable land in the Czech Republic. Four different treatments were studied, which were, only NPK as a control, NPK + cattle manure, NPK + biochar and NPK + combination of manure with biochar. The results demonstrate that all amendments were effective in increasing the fungal and bacterial biomass, as is evident from the increased values of bacterial and fungal phospholipid fatty acid analysis. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria population increases with the application of biochar, and it reaches its maximum value when biochar is applied in combination with manure. The overall results suggest that co-application of biochar with manure changes soil properties in favor of increased microbial biomass. It was confirmed that the application of biochar might increase or decrease soil activity, but its addition, along with manure, always promotes microbial abundance and their activity. The obtained results can be used in the planning and execution of the biochar-based soil amendments.
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Wang, Sai, Zhanbing Bai, Zhuo Zhang, Jingjing Bi, Enzhao Wang, Miaomiao Sun, Bismark Asante-Badu, et al. "Organic or Inorganic Amendments Influence Microbial Community in Rhizosphere and Decreases the Incidence of Tomato Bacterial Wilt." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123029.
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There are many kinds of soil amendments that consist of different materials. The soil amendment is usually of benefit to plant health. However, the effects of the soil amendments on plant disease have rarely been compared and the involved mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the influences of five contrasting soil amendments (i.e., potassium silicate (PS), calcium silicate (CS), biochar (BC), calcium silicate humic acid (SCHA), and bio-organic fertilizer (BOF)) on tomato bacterial wilt. In addition, we dissected the mechanism with high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that BC, SCHA, and BOF significantly reduced the incidence and delayed the disease, while BOF significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt disease in the whole tomato growing period. In the early stage of the disease, BC, SCHA, and BOF significantly reduced the soil pH compared to CK. However, the contents of soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N were significantly increased. Some beneficial bacteria genera (Burkholderia, Mortierella, and Trichoderma) had a certain correlation with the incidence. Burkholderia and Mortierella were negatively associated with morbidity, but Trichoderma was positively associated with morbidity. Particularly, the Spearman correlation and the least partial squares path analysis indicated that Trichoderma was significantly positively correlated with the disease incidence, the soil physicochemical properties, and the numbers of soil pathogens (NSP) were significantly positively correlated with the number of root pathogens (NRP) and the physicochemical properties of plants were negatively correlated with the disease incidence. Moreover, BOF had better inhibitory effect on the occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt. Our results have implications for the better integrated management of tomato bacterial wilt.
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Sabarish, R., and M. Prakash. "Effect of Biochar Amendment on Vermicomposting of Parthenium hysterophorus Biomass." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.058.
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A 15 day precomposted biomass of Parthenium hysterophorus in combination with cow dung (1:1, wt./wt.) was vermicomposted along with biochar amendment at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) using the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae for 50 days. The change of physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductance (EC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), total organic carbon (TOC), C/N ratio and C/P ratio for the initial substrates, control (final substrate maintained without earthworms) and vermicompost was analyzed. Besides, the level of total microbial population, viz., bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were performed using the plate dilution technique. The results revealed that the treatment with 4-6% biochar enhanced the EC, total NPK and total microbial populations considerably in comparison with control substrates after 50 days. The 4% biochar amendment showed a maximum of 2.46% TKN followed by the 6% biochar amendment (2.25% TKN). The pH, TOC, C/N and C/P ratios in the vermicomposts of all the treatments were lowered from the initial levels with a maximum decline in biochar amendments. The initial C/N ratio of the substrates was ranged from 34.27 to 58.28 while the final range was found between 12.48 and 17.33. The total microbial population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the final vermicompost was intensified in all the treatments. The findings of the present study reveal that the biochar amendment (4-6%) to vermicomposting of Parthenium hysterophorus+cow dung (1:1) improves the nutrient and total microbial population.
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Hafeez, Abdul, Taowen Pan, Jihui Tian, and Kunzheng Cai. "Modified Biochars and Their Effects on Soil Quality: A Review." Environments 9, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9050060.
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Biochar (BC) has attracted attention due to its impacts on soil quality by enhancing soil fertility, carbon storage and contaminants immobilization. BC also induces changes in microbial community structure and enhances crop productivity in long term scenarios compared to many other organic amendments. However, information related to the role of modified BCs in altering the soil quality is still scarce. BC can be modified by using physical, chemical and microbial methods. Modified BC can change the functional groups, pore size, pore structure, surface area and chemical properties of soil, which plays a key role in changing the soil quality. The addition of modified BCs as soil amendment increased soil CEC (cation exchange capacity), EC (electron conductivity), pH, organic matter, hydraulic conductivity, soil porosity, infiltration rate, microbial activities (enzymes and community), nutrient profile and gas exchange properties, but it varies according to the soil structure and pervading environmental conditions. This study provides a basis for effective practical approaches to modifying BCs for improving soil quality.
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Udume, Ogochukwu A., Gideon O. Abu, Herbert O. Stanley, Ijeoma F. Vincent-Akpu, Yusuf Momoh, and Michael O. Eze. "Biostimulation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Using Organic and Inorganic Amendments." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030431.
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The most common approaches for the in-situ bioremediation of contaminated sites worldwide are bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Biostimulation has often proved more effective for chronically contaminated sites. This study examined the effectiveness of optimized water hyacinth compost in comparison with other organic and inorganic amendments for the remediation of crude oil-polluted soils. Water hyacinth was found to be rich in nutrients necessary to stimulate microbial growth and activity. An organic geochemical analysis revealed that all amendments in this study increased total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation by ≥75% within 56 days, with the greatest biodegradation (93%) occurring in sterilized soil inoculated with optimized water hyacinth compost. This was followed by polluted soil amended with a combination of spent mushroom and water hyacinth composts (SMC + WH), which recorded a TPH biodegradation of 89%. Soil amendment using the inorganic fertilizer NPK (20:10:10) resulted in 86% TPH biodegradation. On the other hand, control samples (natural attenuation) recorded only 4% degradation. A molecular analysis of residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed that the 16 PAHs designated by the US EPA as priority pollutants were either completely or highly degraded in the combined treatment (SMC + WH), indicating the potential of this amendment for the environmental remediation of soils contaminated with recalcitrant organic pollutants.
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Abis, Letizia, Sophie Sadet-Bourgeteau, Benjamin Lebrun, Raluca Ciuraru, Florence Lafouge, Virginie Nowak, Julie Tripied, Sabine Houot, Pierre Alain Maron, and Benjamin Loubet. "Short-Term Effect of Green Waste and Sludge Amendment on Soil Microbial Diversity and Volatile Organic Compound Emissions." Applied Microbiology 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2021): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1010010.
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Soil amendments with organic waste products (OWPs) have been widely supported in Europe to improve soil fertility, causing wide changes in the microbial community structure and diversity, especially in the short-term period. Those changes are known to affect the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by soil. This work aimed to characterize, in terms of quantity and composition, the effect of green waste and sludge (GWS) application on soil VOC emissions and microbial community 49 h after the last GWS application. Two different soil samples were compared to test the effect of the soil history on VOC emissions and microbial communities. For this reason, we chose a soil that received GWS input for 20 years (GWS sample) and one that did not receive any organic input during the same period (CN sample). Furthermore, samples were manipulated to generate three microbial dilution diversity gradients (low, medium, and high). Results showed that Bacteroidetes phyla took advantage of the GWS application in all samples, increasing their relative abundance by 22% after 49 h, while the Proteobacteria phylum was penalized by the GWS amendment, passing from 58% to 49% relative abundance 49 h after the GWS application. Microbial structure differences between microbial diversity dilution levels remained even after the GWS application. GWS amendment induced a change in the emitted VOC profiles, especially in samples used to receiving GWS. GWS amendment doubled the VOC emissions from samples used to receiving GWS after 49 h. Finally, the microbial community was strongly correlated to the VOC emissions. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Crenarchaeota were positively correlated (Pearson coefficient > 0.6), while other phyla, such as Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, were found to be negatively correlated (Pearson coefficient < −0.6) to the VOC emissions. After the addition of GWS, these correlations shifted from positive to negative and from negative to positive.
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Alfonzetti, Matthew, Sebastien Doleac, Charlotte H. Mills, Rachael V. Gallagher, and Sasha Tetu. "Characterizing Effects of Microbial Biostimulants and Whole-Soil Inoculums for Native Plant Revegetation." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010055.
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Soil microbes play important roles in plant health and ecosystem functioning, however, they can often be disturbed or depleted in degraded lands. During seed-based revegetation of such sites there is often very low germination and seedling establishment success, with recruitment of beneficial microbes to the rhizosphere one potential contributor to this problem. Here we investigated whether Australian native plant species may benefit from planting seed encapsulated within extruded seed pellets amended with one of two microbe-rich products: a commercial vermicast extract biostimulant or a whole-soil inoculum from a healthy reference site of native vegetation. Two manipulative glasshouse trials assessing the performance of two Australian native plant species (Acacia parramattensis and Indigofera australis) were carried out in both unmodified field-collected soil (trial 1) and in the same soil reduced in nutrients and microbes (trial 2). Seedling emergence and growth were compared between pelleted and bare-seeded controls and analyzed alongside soil nutrient concentrations and culturable microbial community assessments. The addition of microbial amendments maintained, but did not improve upon, high levels of emergence in both plant species relative to unamended pellets. In trial 1, mean time to emergence of Acacia parramattensis seedlings was slightly shorter in both amended pellet types relative to the standard pellets, and in trial 2, whole-soil inoculum pellets showed significantly improved growth metrics. This work shows that there is potential for microbial amendments to positively affect native plant emergence and growth, however exact effects are dependent on the type of amendment, the plant species, and the characteristics of the planting site soil.
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Nguyen Quoc, Tuan, Zahra Derakhshan Nejad, and Myung Chae Jung. "Effect of Commercial Amendments on Immobilization of Arsenic, Copper, and Zinc in Contaminated Soil: Comprehensive Assessing to Plant Uptake Combined with a Microbial Community Approach." Minerals 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2021): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101143.
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Identifying the proper chemical and biological materials as soil amendments is a great concern because they replace soil properties and subsequently change the soil quality. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a diverse range of soil amendments including bentonite (B), talc (T), activated carbon (AC), and cornstarch (CS) in form of sole and composite on the immobilization and bioavailability of As, Cu, and Zn. The amendments were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRF, and applied at 2% (w/w) in the experimental pots with an Asteraceae (i.e., lettuce) for 45 days to monitor plant growth parameters and soil microbial community. Soil pH from 6.1 ± 0.02 significantly increased in the amended soils with the maximum value found for TAC (7.4 ± 0.04). The results showed that soil amendments reduced easily in an exchangeable fractionation of As, Cu, and Zn with the maximum values found for BAC by 66.4%, AC by 84.2%, and T by 89.7% respectively. Adding B, T, AC, and their composites induced dry biomass of lettuce >40 wt.%, while CS and its composites did not affect the dry biomass of the plant. The average content of Cu and Zn in plant tissues decreased >45 wt.% in B, AC, and their composites amended soils; meanwhile, AC and its composites mitigated As uptake by >30 wt.% in lettuce. The results of Biolog Ecoplate showed that the amending soils improved the microbial community, especially for composites (e.g., TCS). The results demonstrated that adding composites amendments provided an efficient method for the immobilization of metals and metalloids, and also induced plant growth parameters and microbial community.
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Shu, Xiangyang, Jia He, Zhenghu Zhou, Longlong Xia, Yufu Hu, Yulin Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, et al. "Organic amendments enhance soil microbial diversity, microbial functionality and crop yields: A meta-analysis." Science of The Total Environment 829 (July 2022): 154627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154627.
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Dhull, Suresh, Sneh Goyal, Krishan Kapoor, and Mool Mundra. "Microbial biomass carbon and microbial activities of soils receiving chemical fertilizers and organic amendments." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 50, no. 6 (December 2004): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010400011294.
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Nelson, Darryl R., and Pauline M. Mele. "The impact of crop residue amendments and lime on microbial community structure and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the wheat rhizosphere." Soil Research 44, no. 4 (2006): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06022.
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Crop management practices can affect the soil microbial community, but it is not clear whether the effect of these practices is measurable at the wheat root–soil interface, where the plant exerts significant influence through root exudation. In this study, wheat plants were grown in soil amended with milled canola, lucerne, lupin, pea, and wheat residues with and without lime, to determine what changes occur to microbial community structure in the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere soil collected from wheat plants at the 5-leaf stage was assessed for overall microbial functional diversity using BIOLOG analysis and the diversity of the functional gene nifH using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and cloning. Plant development was reduced in all residue amendments except lucerne, and a high positive correlation in the non-limited treatments between plant residue nitrogen (N) content and wheat shoot N suggested microbial competition for available N. Results from BIOLOG analysis indicated significant differences in rhizosphere microbial community structure due to lime, and to a lesser extent, residue type. Diversity, measured by the Shannon Diversity Index, was higher in limed rhizosphere soil, in addition to an increase in soils amended with lucerne, lupin, and pea residues compared with amendment with wheat, canola, and control soil. Each residue amendment promoted unique microbial communities determined by multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) of the BIOLOG data; the strongest effect was produced by addition of canola residues. N-fixing bacteria were also affected by lime, but residue effects were less apparent, especially between limed samples. The factor that correlated best with both BIOLOG and nifH T-RFLP data in non-limed soil was a combination of residue sodium (Na), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). In limed soil, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and pH correlated well with BIOLOG data, and N, potassium (K), and iron (Fe) correlated with nifH T-RFLP data. A clone library of nifH sequences from control and limed, pea-amended soils revealed significant diversity amongst nifH sequences, most clustering with α-proteobacteria, and in some instances with Geobacter sulfurreducens. Clone distribution was significantly different for control soil and pea/lime soil, especially amongst the α-proteobacteria. The results suggest that rhizosphere microorganisms can be influenced by soil amendments, and change, depending on the type of residue applied. The addition of lime, however, produced the most significant changes in microbial community structure and nifH-containing rhizobacteria, highlighting the significant functional changes that occur when soil pH is increased.
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Azeem, Muhammad, Lauren Hale, Jonathan Montgomery, David Crowley, and Milton E. McGiffen. "Biochar and compost effects on soil microbial communities and nitrogen induced respiration in turfgrass soils." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e0242209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242209.
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We examined the effect of a labile soil amendment, compost, and recalcitrant biochar on soil microbial community structure, diversity, and activity during turfgrass establishment. Two application rates of biochar (B1 at 12.5 t ha-1and B2 at 25 t ha-1), a 5 centimeter (cm) green waste compost treatment (CM) in top soil, a treatment with 12.5 t ha-1 biochar and 5 cm compost (B1+CM), and an unamended control (CK) treatment were prepared and seeded with tall fescue. Overall, results of phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) profiling and Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from soil DNA revealed significant shifts in microbial community structures in the compost amended soils whereas in biochar amended soils communities were more similar to the control, unamended soil. Similarly, increases in enzymatic rates (6–56%) and nitrogen-induced respiration (94%) were all largest in compost amended soils, with biochar amended soils exhibiting similar patterns to the control soils. Both biochar and compost amendments impacted microbial community structures and functions, but compost amendment, whether applied alone or co-applied with biochar, exhibited the strongest shifts in the microbial community metrics examined. Our results suggest application of compost to soils in need of microbiome change (reclamation projects) or biochar when the microbiome is functioning and long-term goals such as carbon sequestration are more desirable.
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Lupwayi, N. Z., M. A. Arshad, R. H. Azooz, and Y. K. Soon. "Soil microbial response to wood ash or lime applied to annual crops and perennial grass in an acid soil of northwestern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08007.
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More than 90% of acid soils in western Canada are in Alberta, yet the use of agricultural lime is limited because it is expensive. Wood ash, a by-product of pulp and lumber mills, can be used for liming acid soils. We investigated the effects of amending an acid Luvisol with wood ash or lime on soil microbiological properties at Beaverlodge, Alberta. Both soil amendments were applied at a calcium carbonate rate of 6.72 t ha-1, which was 8.40 t ha-1 for wood ash and 7.47 t ha-1 for lime, in 2002. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and the functional diversity and community structures of soil bacteria (indicated by substrate utilization patterns) were measured from 2002 to 2005 under barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.). In the rhizosphere, wood ash increased soil MBC between 2.4-fold in 2002 and 1.3-fold in 2005, and lime increased MBC from 3.2-fold in 2002 to 1.3-fold in 2005. In bulk soil, the increases in MBC ranged from 3.0-fold in 2003 to 1.8-fold in 2005 for wood ash, and from 4.9-fold in 2002 to 2.0-fold in 2005 for lime. Crop effects on MBC were not consistent. Because annual crops were grown in rotation, it is possible that the results obtained in one crop were confounded by effects of the preceding crop. In 2003 and 2004, both amendments increased Shannon index (H’) of bacterial functional diversity in the rhizosphere, and similar results were observed in 2005 in bulk soil. Shifts in the functional structure of bacterial communities due to soil amendment were observed in bulk soil, and shifts due to crop effects were observed in the rhizosphere. In 2003, the average soil pH(CaCl2) increased from 4.91 in control treatments of different crops to 6.60 in lime-amended plots and 6.70 in wood ash-amended plots. In 2004, both wood ash and lime significantly increased soil C mineralization (up to 10 d incubation), but basal respiration (11-24 d incubation) was not affected. The large effect (up to about fivefold) of soil amendments on MBC implies that soil acidity is a major limiting factor for biological processes and the productivity of some Luvisolic soils in Alberta. Wood ash could be used to alleviate these limitations. Key words: C mineralization, microbial diversity, microbial biomass, soil amendment, soil acidity