Academic literature on the topic 'Microalgal culture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Microalgal culture"
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Gonzalez, Luz E., and Yoav Bashan. "Increased Growth of the Microalga Chlorella vulgariswhen Coimmobilized and Cocultured in Alginate Beads with the Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1527-1531.2000.
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ABSTRACT Coimmobilization of the freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris and the plant-growth-promoting bacteriumAzospirillum brasilense in small alginate beads resulted in a significantly increased growth of the microalga. Dry and fresh weight, total number of cells, size of the microalgal clusters (colonies) within the bead, number of microalgal cells per cluster, and the levels of microalgal pigments significantly increased. Light microscopy revealed that both microorganisms colonized the same cavities inside the beads, though the microalgae tended to concentrate in the more aerated periphery while the bacteria colonized the entire bead. The effect of indole-3-acetic acid addition to microalgal culture prior to immobilization of microorganisms in alginate beads partially imitated the effect of A. brasilense. We propose that coimmobilization of microalgae and plant-growth-promoting bacteria is an effective means of increasing microalgal populations within confined environments.
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Wang, Hui, Haywood D. Laughinghouse, Matthew A. Anderson, Feng Chen, Ernest Willliams, Allen R. Place, Odi Zmora, Yonathan Zohar, Tianling Zheng, and Russell T. Hill. "Novel Bacterial Isolate from Permian Groundwater, Capable of Aggregating Potential Biofuel-Producing Microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 5 (December 22, 2011): 1445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06474-11.
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ABSTRACTIncreasing petroleum costs and climate change have resulted in microalgae receiving attention as potential biofuel producers. Little information is available on the diversity and functions of bacterial communities associated with biofuel-producing algae. A potential biofuel-producing microalgal strain,Nannochloropsis oceanicaIMET1, was grown in Permian groundwater. Changes in the bacterial community structure at three temperatures were monitored by two culture-independent methods, and culturable bacteria were characterized. After 9 days of incubation,N. oceanicaIMET1 began to aggregate and precipitate in cultures grown at 30°C, whereas cells remained uniformly distributed at 15°C and 25°C. The bacterial communities in cultures at 30°C changed markedly. Some bacteria isolated only at 30°C were tested for their potential for aggregating microalgae. A novel bacterium designated HW001 showed a remarkable ability to aggregateN. oceanicaIMET1, causing microalgal cells to aggregate after 3 days of incubation, while the total lipid content of the microalgal cells was not affected. Direct interaction of HW001 andN. oceanicais necessary for aggregation. HW001 can also aggregate the microalgaeN. oceanicaCT-1,Tetraselmis suecica, andT. chuiias well as the cyanobacteriumSynechococcusWH8007. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated the great novelty of this strain, which exhibited only 89% sequence similarity with any previously cultured bacteria. Specific primers targeted to HW001 revealed that the strain originated from the Permian groundwater. This study of the bacterial communities associated with potential biofuel-producing microalgae addresses a little-investigated area of microalgal biofuel research and provides a novel approach to harvest biofuel-producing microalgae by using the novel bacterium strain HW001.
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Yu, Hyeonjung, Jaai Kim, Chaeyoung Rhee, Juhee Shin, Seung Gu Shin, and Changsoo Lee. "Effects of Different pH Control Strategies on Microalgae Cultivation and Nutrient Removal from Anaerobic Digestion Effluent." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020357.
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This study investigated nutrient removal from anaerobic digestion effluent by cultivating mixed-culture microalgae enriched from anaerobic sludge under different pH conditions: RUC (uncontrolled), R7–8 (maintained at 7–8), and R<8 (maintained below 8). Significant amounts of NH4+-N were lost by volatilization in RUC cultures due to increased pH values (≤8.6) during the early period of cultivation. The pH control strategies significantly affected the biological NH4+-N removal (highest in R7–8), microalgal growth (highest in R7–8), biomass settleability (highest in R<8), and microalgal growth relative to bacteria (highest in R<8) in the cultures. Parachlorella completely dominated the microalgal communities in the inoculum and all of the cultures, and grew well at highly acidic pH (<3) induced by culture acidification with microalgal growth. Microalgae-associated bacterial community structure developed very differently among the cultures. The findings call for more attention to the influence and control of pH changes during cultivation in microalgal treatment of anaerobic digestion effluent.
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Postaue, Najla, Leila Cristina Moraes, and Rosa Maria Farias Asmus. "CHORUME COMO FONTE DE NUTRIENTE NA PRODUÇÃO DA BIOMASSA MICROALGAL." e-xacta 12, no. 2 (March 9, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18674/exacta.v12i2.2746.
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A biomassa de microalgas tem apresentado potencial para produção de biodiesel, contudo a viabilidade do cultivo de microalgas depende de fonte de nutrientes de baixo custo. O presente estudo objetivou utilizar o chorume como fonte de nutrientes para microalgas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos visando avaliar a obtenção da biomassa microalgal, conversão de lipídios e rendimento em ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, para os meios de cultivos utilizando 5%, 12% e 20% de chorume, com concentrações de 0,02, 0,05 e 0,08 g N. L-1 e para meio de controle contendo 1% de, Nitrogênio (N), Fósforo (P) e Potássio (K), na concentração de 20 g L-1, 5 g L-1 e 20 g L-1, respectivamente. A microalga utilizada neste trabalho foi a de classe Chlorophyceae e família Coccomyxaceae. Os resultados demonstraram que o meio com concentração de 12% de chorume obteve melhores resultados, possibilitando alcançar 1,19 g de biomassa, conversão de 108,15 mg g-1 de lipídios e conteúdo de ésteres de 410,77mg g-1, a microalga utilizada apresentou ainda predominância dos ácidos graxos palmítico e oleico, apresentando baixa quantidade de ácidos graxos saturados o que pode fornecer ao combustível, resistência ao frio. E tais aspectos demonstraram que o chorume pode ser uma fonte promissora de nutrientes para o cultivo das microalgas estudadas. AbstractMicroalgae biomass has presented potential for biodiesel production, however the viability of microalgae cultivation depends on low cost nutrient source. The present study aimed to use leachate as a source of nutrients for microalgae. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the microalgal biomass, lipid conversion and yield in fatty acid methyl esters, for the culture media using 5%, 12% and 20% leachate, with concentrations of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 g N. L-1 and for control medium containing 1% Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), at a concentration of 20 g L-1, 5 g L-1 and 20 g L-1, respectively. The microalgae used in this work was Chlorophyceae class and Coccomyxaceae family. The results showed that the medium with a concentration of 12% of leachate obtained better results, allowing to reach 1.19 g of biomass, conversion of 108.15 mg g-1 of lipids and esters content of 410,77 mg g-1. The microalgae used also presented predominance of palmitic and oleic fatty acids, presenting low amount of saturated fatty acids which can provide the fuel with cold resistance. And these aspects demonstrated that the leachate can be a promising source of nutrients for the cultivation of the studied microalgae.
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Van Anh, Le Thi, Tran Ngoc Anh Thu, and Nguyen Thi Dong Phuong. "Investigation of microalgae culture by autoflocculation methodologies." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17059.
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Harvesting of microalgae from their different cultivation media has pointed out challenges in resolving the problems of flocculation. These challenges must be faced with a suitable method for inducing flocculation that avoid or limit the microalgae’s contamination. This study developed the fundamental experiments with a support of chemicals and some bacteria strains inducing the flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-19. Particularly, the determination of minimum content of Mg2+, Ca2+, E. coli ATCC 85922 and Bacillus subtilis MT300405 was effectuated with co-cultivation of microalgae and set up in batch culture in Bold’s Basal Medium. As a result, the adjustment in 25 minutes of 199.2 mg/L CaCl2.2H2O, 50 mg/L KH2PO4, and of 141 mg/L MgSO4.7H2O induced a microalgal settling efficiency of 81% and 70%, respectively. Meanwhile, the perfomance of microalgal removing reached up to 83.6% and 84% by the inoculation into microalgal culture media of a minimum initial cell density of 8.1 ´ 105 CFU/mL of Bacillus subtilis MT300405 and 12 ´ 105 CFU/mL of E. coli ATCC 85922, respectively. The flocculation of microalgal cells by bacterial inoculation did not require a high pH adjustment as in the case of salt addition.
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Sauvage, Justine, Gary H. Wikfors, Xiaoxu Li, Mark Gluis, Nancy Nevejan, Koen Sabbe, and Alyssa Joyce. "Effect of pluronic block polymers and N-acetylcysteine culture media additives on growth rate and fatty acid composition of six marine microalgae species." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 5 (February 12, 2021): 2139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11147-8.
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Abstract The efficiency of microalgal biomass production is a determining factor for the economic competitiveness of microalgae-based industries. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pluronic block polymers are two compounds of interest as novel culture media constituents because of their respective protective properties against oxidative stress and shear-stress-induced cell damage. Here we quantify the effect of NAC and two pluronic (F127 and F68) culture media additives upon the culture productivity of six marine microalgal species of relevance to the aquaculture industry (four diatoms-Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros muelleri, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira pseudonana; two haptophytes-Tisochrysis lutea and Pavlova salina). Algal culture performance in response to the addition of NAC and pluronic, singly or combined, is dosage- and species-dependent. Combined NAC and pluronic F127 algal culture media additives resulted in specific growth rate increases of 38%, 16%, and 24% for C. calcitrans, C. muelleri, and P. salina, respectively. Enhanced culture productivity for strains belonging to the genus Chaetoceros was paired with an ~27% increase in stationary-phase cell density. For some of the species examined, culture media enrichments with NAC and pluronic resulted in increased omega-3-fatty acid content of the algal biomass. Larval development (i.e., growth and survival) of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was not changed when fed a mixture of microalgae grown in NAC- and F127-supplemented culture medium. Based upon these results, we propose that culture media enrichment with NAC and pluronic F127 is an effective and easily adopted approach to increase algal productivity and enhance the nutritional quality of marine microalgal strains commonly cultured for live-feed applications in aquaculture. Key points • Single and combined NAC and pluronic F127 culture media supplementation significantly enhanced the productivity of Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros muelleri cultures. • Culture media enrichments with NAC and F127 can increase omega-3-fatty acid content of algal biomass. • Microalgae grown in NAC- and pluronic F127-supplemented culture media are suitable for live-feed applications.
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Zhang, Xin Ru, Ze Yi Jiang, Hao Yuan, Yuan Xiang Lu, Liang Chen, Ai Hui Chou, Hai Yan, and Xin Xin Zhang. "Influence of Surface Zeta Potential on Adhesion of Chlorella sp. to Substratum Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1431.
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Microalgae, in wet conditions, tend to grow on surfaces and form biofilms. The adhesion of microalgae to surfaces is very important for algal mass culture. The formation and development of microalgal biofims are in large denpend on the properties of cell surface, substratum surface and gowth medium. In this paper, the influence of substratum surface zeta potential on the microalgal biofilms was particularly investigated. We focused on a widely-used microalgal strain, the freshwater autotrophicChlorella sp..The adhesion phenomena ofChlorella sp.to surfaces with different zeta potential were observed microscopically. It was found thatChlorella sp.adhered easily to the surface with a positive zeta potential and difficultly to the surface with a negative zeta potential. We concluded that the surface zeta potential had a greater influence on the adhesion of microalgal cells to substratum surfaces. Our findings have important implications for microalgae mass culture and harvesting.
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Jeevanandam, Jaison, Mohd Razif Harun, Sie Yon Lau, Divine D. Sewu, and Michael K. Danquah. "Microalgal Biomass Generation via Electroflotation: A Cost-Effective Dewatering Technology." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249053.
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Microalgae are an excellent source of bioactive compounds for the production of a wide range of vital consumer products in the biofuel, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and agricultural industries, in addition to huge upstream benefits relating to carbon dioxide biosequestration and wastewater treatment. However, energy-efficient, cost-effective, and scalable microalgal technologies for commercial-scale applications are limited, and this has significantly impacted the full-scale implementation of microalgal biosystems for bioproduct development, phycoremediation, and biorefinery applications. Microalgae culture dewatering continues to be a major challenge to large-scale biomass generation, and this is primarily due to the low cell densities of microalgal cultures and the small hydrodynamic size of microalgal cells. With such biophysical characteristics, energy-intensive solid–liquid separation processes such as centrifugation and filtration are generally used for continuous generation of biomass in large-scale settings, making dewatering a major contributor to the microalgae bioprocess economics. This article analyzes the potential of electroflotation as a cost-effective dewatering process that can be integrated into microalgae bioprocesses for continuous biomass production. Electroflotation hinges on the generation of fine bubbles at the surface of an electrode system to entrain microalgal particulates to the surface. A modification of electroflotation, which combines electrocoagulation to catalyze the coalescence of microalgae cells before gaseous entrainment, is also discussed. A technoeconomic appraisal of the prospects of electroflotation compared with other dewatering technologies is presented.
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Gonzalez-Bashan, Luz E., Vladimir K. Lebsky, Juan P. Hernandez, Jose J. Bustillos, and Yoav Bashan. "Changes in the metabolism of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris when coimmobilized in alginate with the nitrogen-fixing Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-041.
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In an agroindustrial wastewater pond, a naturally occurring unicellular microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, was closely associated with the terrestrial plant-associative N2-fixing bacterium Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. When the two microorganisms were artificially coimmobilized in alginate beads, they shared the same internal bead cavities, and the production of five microalgal pigments increased, but there were no effects on the number of the cells or the biomass of the microalga. The association, however, reduces the ability of C. vulgaris to remove ammonium ions and phosphorus from water. The bacterium produced nitrate from ammonium in synthetic wastewater with or without the presence of the microalga, and fixed nitrogen in two culture media. Our results suggest that interactions between microalgae and associative bacteria should be considered when cultivating microalgae for wastewater treatment.Key words: alginate, bacterial immobilization, microalgae, nitrogen fixation, Phyllobacterium, wastewater treatment.
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Khaw, Yam Sim, Hui Teng Tan, Arissara Sopawong, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Abdul Rahman Omar, and Fatimah Md Yusoff. "A Recommendation for a Pre-Standardized Marine Microalgal Dry Weight Determination Protocol for Laboratory Scale Culture Using Ammonium Formate as a Washing Agent." Biology 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080799.
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Microalgal biomass is one of the crucial criteria in microalgal studies. Many reported methods, even the well-established protocol on microalgal dry weight (DW) determination, vary greatly, and reliable comparative assessment amongst published results could be problematic. This study aimed to determine the best condition of critical parameters in marine microalgal DW determination for laboratory-scale culture using four different marine microalgal species. These parameters included the washing process, grades of glass microfiber filter (GMF), GMF pretreatment conditions, washing agent (ammonium formate) concentrations, culture: washing agent ratios (v:v) and washing cycles. GMF grade GF/A with precombustion at 450 °C provided the most satisfactory DW and the highest ash-free dry weight (AFDW)/DW ratio. Furthermore, 0.05 M ammonium formate with 1:2 culture: washing agent ratio and a minimum of two washing cycles appeared to be the best settings of microalgal DW determination. The present treatment increased the AFDW/DW ratio of the four respective microalgae by a minimum of 19%. The findings of this study could serve as a pivotal reference in developing a standardized protocol of marine microalgal DW determination to obtain veracious and reliable marine microalgal DW.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Microalgal culture"
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Chuka-ogwude, David. "Microalgal culture to treat food waste digestate." Thesis, Chuka-ogwude, David (2022) Microalgal culture to treat food waste digestate. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/65187/.
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A significant proportion of all waste generated in the world is food waste, contributing up to 8% of global CO2 emissions. Conventional ways of food waste disposal including landfilling and incineration are simply inadequate and unsustainable, emphasizing the need for efficient ways recycling / valorizing food waste. Anaerobic digestion is a way to treat and valorize food waste with significantly less emission of greenhouse gases. However, anaerobic digestion itself produces a waste in the form of anaerobic digestate that is difficult to manage. Microalgae cultivation has been used for the treatment and valorization of a wide range of waste effluents and has been identified as a potentially viable option for the treatment and valorization of food waste anaerobic digestate. On the other hand, food waste digestate as a feed stock for the cultivation of microalgae has its challenges. Food waste digestate is a very high strength effluent having ammonia nitrogen concentration of up to 4000 mg L-1, which is extremely toxic to most microalgae species. Food waste digestate is also very turbid, making microalgae cultivation in this effluent extremely difficult without an unsustainably excessive amount of dilution, as light / irradiance is the most limiting factor in any microalgae cultivation system. Previous efforts to treat and valorize food waste digestate have been less than successful due to the reasons stated above. Considering these, we have identified possible solutions to mitigate the challenges involved in treatment and valorization of food waste digestate using microalgae. These are: the identification and application of microalgae species tolerant to high concentration of ammonia nitrogen as found in food waste digestion to tackle the problem of excessive dilution of the digestate before use; and the use of an inclined thin layer pond with a much shorter light path than conventional microalgae cultivation systems allowing for better utilization of incident irradiance in culture systems.
Three microalgae (Scenedesmus quadricauda, MUR 268, Chlorella sp, Mur 269, and Oocystis sp, MUR 273) were capable of growth in up to 600 mg L-1 of ammonia nitrogen in food waste digestate. Further experimentation was done at indoor bench scale laboratory conditions using the most tolerant and robust of the 3 identified species, Chlorella sp, Mur 269. To gain insight into the mechanisms required for tolerance of ammonia with the identified species, especially in relation to its response to light profiles imposed by turbidity, their photosynthetic response was studied using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Indicators including electron transport rate (ETR), maximum quantum yield in actinic light (fv’/fm’) and alpha (α), alongside oxygenesis as an indicator of photosynthesis, were used to study the state of the photosystem of the organism. Maximum specific growth (μmax) rates and in-situ irradiance profiles were also studied. The effect of turbidity was accounted for by studying the above response variables in clear synthetic medium (Bolds basal medium, BBM) and food waste digestate medium. Maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and biomass productivities were 63% and 47% higher in anaerobic digestate of food waste (ADF) than in BBM, maintaining values of 0.681 ± 0.03 d-1 and 165 ± 8 mg L-1 d-1 respectively, even at high irradiance intensities of 1500 μmol m-2s-1, validating their suitability to outdoor conditions. However, Chlorella sp, Mur 269 photosystem II at optimum irradiance, as reflected in Fv’/Fm’ values, was reduced by 16% in food waste digestate in comparison to BBM. A critical look at the photosynthesis of this algae shows that adaptive tolerance methods of Chlorella sp, MUR 269 to toxicity includes adjustment of the photosynthetic unit to maximize absorption of light and compensation mechanisms for reductions in PSII activity including switching to mixotrophic growth mode.
Application of Chlorella sp, Mur 269 for growth in food waste digestate was carried out using an inclined thin layer pond under outdoor conditions. Previous studies using the inclined thin layer pond had shown that though volumetric productivities and biomass densities could be improved by using the inclined thin layer pond for the treatment and valorization of digestates, areal productivities were significantly lower than paddle wheel driven raceway ponds because of the higher surface area to volume ratio in the inclined thin layer pond. To that end, depth optimisation of a 11 m2 surface area inclined thin layer pond was conducted, tailored towards its utilization for the treatment and valorization of food waste digestate using microalgae. Depth optimizations were performed by stepwise increments of the depth of the culture on the surface of the inclined thin layer pond through 0.005, 008, 0.011, 0.0145 and 0.02 m. The kinetics of electron flow around photosystem II of microalgae in-situ culture was used as descriptives for light utilization and limitations of the optimizations via variables including relative electron transfer rate, rETR, and maximum quantum yield, Fv/Fm, and derived parameters including functional relative electron transfer rate (FrETR) and functional relative electron transfer rate ratio (FrETR-ratio). Optimal culture depth determined for the inclined thin layer pond was 0.011 m, with average biomass density of 4.319 ± 0.18 g L-1 and areal productivity of 21.134 ± 1.83 g m-2 d, at an operational volume of 140 L. The most important parameters affecting growth rates and productivity were the mean irradiance inside the culture and the FrETR of photons for phytochemistry. Compared to previous study using anaerobic digestate of piggery waste effluent of similar turbidity, areal productivity was improved 9.5 times.
Further, the use of food waste digestate as a source of nutrients for the cultivation of high value species of microalgae such as Dunaliella salina, that are highly sensitive to ammonia nitrogen was explored. The main aim of this study was to assess the possibility of utilizing nutrients from food waste digestate for growing D. salina. Dunaliella salina was cultivated in modified F-medium with partial to complete replacement of the nitrogen (0 – 100 % digestate nitrogen) source under high salinity (150 - 250 ‰) conditions to study both cell growth and carotenogenesis. It was found that the growth and productivity of Dunaliella salina was not inhibited by ammonia nitrogen found in the food waste digestate. Irradiance above 400 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and higher salinity had combined negative effects on growth and carotenogenesis. However, under increased irradiation and temperature, in comparison with cultures grown in synthetic medium with nitrate salts as nitrogen source, there was no significant difference in biomass productivity when D. salina was cultivated using food waste digestate as sole nitrogen source.
Finally, a comparative study was performed between the depth optimized inclined thin layer pond and an open raceway pond, both occupying a surface area of 11 m2 under outdoor conditions, to ascertain and demonstrate the advantage of the inclined thin layer pond for the treatment and valorization of food waste digestate using Chlorella sp, Mur 269. The inclined thin layer pond supported a much higher average biomass density of 6.807 ± 0.15 g L-1, 7 times more in comparison to the open raceway pond, without severe photolimitation. Volumetric and areal productivities of the inclined thin layer pond were 0.563 ± 0.1 g L-1 d-1 and 31.916 ± 1.11 g m-2 d-1 respectively, 17 and 3 times higher than observed in the open raceway pond. Areal nutrient removal by the microalgae biomass were 2359.759 ± 64.75 mg m-2 d-1 and 260.815 ± 7.16 mg m-2 d-1 for nitrogen and phosphorous respectively in the inclined thin layer pond, 2.8 times higher than observed in the open raceway pond for both nutrients.
The results described above show that employing tolerant species of microalgae like Chlorella sp, Mur 269 offer an advantage for the treatment of high strength effluents, reducing excessive dilution, and unequivocally shows that the inclined thin layer pond is the more performant system for the treatment of highly turbid waste effluents such as food waste digestate.
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Johnson, Michael Ben. "Microalgal Biodiesel Production through a Novel Attached Culture System and Conversion Parameters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32034.
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Due to a number of factors, the biodiesel industry in the United States is surging in growth. Traditionally, oil seed crops such as soybean are used as the feedstock to create biodiesel. However, the crop production can no longer safely keep up with the demand for the growing biodiesel industry.
Using algae as a feedstock has been considered for a number of years, but it has always had limitations. These limitations were mainly due to the production methods used to grow and harvest the algae, rather than the reaction methods of creating the biodiesel, which are the same as when using traditional crops. Algae is a promising alternative to other crops for a number of reasons: it can be grown on non arable land, is not a food crop, and produces much more oil than other crops. In this project, we propose a novel attached growth method to produce the algae while recycling dairy farm wastewater using the microalga Chlorella sp.
The first part of the study provided a feasibility study as the attachment of the alga onto the supporting substrate as well as determining the pretreatment options necessary for the alga to grow on wastewater. The results showed that wastewater filtered through cheesecloth to remove large particles was feasible for production of Chlorella sp, with pure wastewater producing the highest biomass yield. Most importantly, the attached culture system largely exceeded suspended culture systems as a potentially feasible and practical method to produce microalgae. The algae grew quickly and were able to produce more than 3.2 g/m2-day with lipid contents of about 9% dry weight, while treating dairy farm wastewater and removing upwards of 90% of the total phosphorus and 79% of the nitrogen contained within the wastewater.
Once the â proof-of-conceptâ work was completed, we investigated the effects of repeat harvests and intervals on the biomass and lipid production of the microalgae. The alga, once established, was harvested every 6, 10, or 15 days, with the remaining algae on the substrate material functioning as inoculums for repeated growth. Using this method, a single alga colony produced biomass and lipids for well over six months time in a laboratory setting.
The second part of this study investigated another aspect of biodiesel production from algae. Rather than focus solely on biomass production, we looked into biodiesel creation methods as well. Biodiesel is created through a chemical reaction known as transesterification, alcoholysis, or commonly, methylation, when methanol is the alcohol used. There are several different transesterification methods. By simplifying the reaction conditions and examining the effects in terms of maximum fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) produced, we were able to determine that a direct transesterification with chloroform solvent was more effective than the traditional extraction-transesterification method first popularized by Bligh & Dyer in 1959 and widely used. This synergistic research helps to create a more complete picture of where algal biodiesel research and development is going in the future.Master of Science
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Elliott, Lee Garrett. "The establishment and characterization of a bioenergy-focused microalgal culture collection using high-throughput methodologies." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3602628.
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A promising renewable energy scenario involves utilizing microalgae as biological solar cells to capture the energy in sunlight and then harvesting the biomass for renewable energy production. Through photosynthesis photons are captured by light-sensitive pigment molecules and used to create a cellular chemical energy gradient. Microalgae ultimately use this energy gradient to drive their metabolism by reducing inorganic carbon into renewable, energy-rich organic hydrocarbon stores such as triacylglycerols (TAGs). These valuable molecules act as a cellular energy reserve, readily drawn from when required, often forming large oil-bodies within microalgal cells that can be abundant in certain oleaginous species. This is important for biofuel production because lipids can be extracted from biomass and then converted into a variety of biofuels such as renewable diesel and jet fuel. Thus, from a biofuels perspective, maximizing lipid productivity in selected microalgal feedstock strains is considered essential to the development of an economically viable algal biofuels industry. To achieve this, many current research and development efforts are directed towards genetically engineering well-characterized microalgae to optimize TAG production; however, this approach is a time-consuming, costly prospect and the number of well-characterized strains is relatively few, especially when compared to the number of known extant species. Alternatively, microalgal feedstock optimization could be more readily accomplished by taking advantage of the prodigious natural diversity of microalgae in the environment and identifying native strains of microalgae that, through natural selection, already possess key metabolic traits necessary for commercial feedstock development. Formulated on this premise, a collaborative project between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) recently established and cryopreserved a clonal microalgal culture collection containing 360 unique strains with preliminary data regarding lipid accumulation and the growth potential of select isolates. The goal of this work has been to 1) perform a far more detailed characterization of the algal culture collection by developing high throughput screening procedures and tools for identifying fast-growing, oleaginous strains; and 2) gather further insight into the microalgal diversity found in the southwestern United States. Herein is described in detail the rationale, methods, results and conclusions of these efforts.
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Portilla, Erazo Róbinson Gerardo Trindade [UNESP]. "Isolamento, seleção e cultivo em meio sintético e vinhaça de microalgas com potencial para a produção de biodiesel." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151734.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A biomassa derivada de microalgas apresenta um grande potencial devido a sua sustentabilidade e alta produtividade, sendo possível extrair lipídios para produção de biodiesel. Entretanto, desafios na cadeia de produção como um todo devem ser resolvidos para que o biodiesel de microalgas seja viável. Uma das etapas críticas é o cultivo, sendo o meio de cultura um elemento de alto custo. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar o crescimento de microalgas visando produção de lipídios para biodiesel, utilizando como fontes de nutrientes a vinhaça originada do processo produtivo de etanol no setor sucroalcooleiro. Foram isolados e indentificados três gêneros nativos de microalgas: uma cianobactéria Aphanocapsa sp., uma clorofícea Oocystis sp. e outra clorofícea Scenedesmus sp. O cultivo da microalga Scenedesmus sp. em fotobiorreator de placas planas com meio de cultivo MBM (Modified Bristol Medium) se mostrou modesta em termos de produtividade de biomassa (8 mg/l.dia) e em teor de lipídios na biomassa seca (1,5%). O cultivo dessa mesma microalga em tubos de ensaios com meio alternativo utilizando vinhaça (três diluições de 2%, 5% e 10% em volume) no meio de cultura mostrou desempenho comparável em relação ao meio sintético MBM, sendo que a partir do dia 6, os quatros cultivos se estabilizam em torno de uma concentração celular de 6×106 de células/ml, indicando que a vinhaça pode ser uma fonte de nutrientes de baixo custo para o cultivo de microalgas. Deste modo, é possível reduzir custos em uma importante etapa do processo global de produção de biodiesel de microalgas, viabilizando economicamente esta alternativa energética.
The biomass derived from microalgae presents great potential due to its sustainability and high productivity, it being possible to extract lipids to produce biodiesel. However, challenges in the production chain as a whole must be solved to make microalgae biodiesel viable. One of the critical steps is cultivation, with the culture medium being a costly element. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the microalgae growth focusing in lipid production for biodiesel using as sources of nutrients the vinasse originated from the sugar-alcohol production process. Three natives microalgae genres have been isolated and identified: cyanobacteria Aphanocapsa sp., chlorophycea Oocystis sp. and other chlorophycea Scenedesmus sp. The cultivation of the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. in flat plate photobioreactor with Modified Bristol Medium (MBM) was modest in terms of biomass yield (8 mg/l.day) and lipid content in dry biomass (1.5%). The cultivation of this same microalga in test tubes in an alternative medium using vinasse (three dilutions of 2%, 5% and 10% in volume) in the culture medium showed a comparable performance in relation to the MBM, starting in the 6th day the stabilization of the cell concentration in 6×106 cells/ml for the four cultives, indicating that the vinasse can be a source of low cost nutrients for the cultivation of microalgae. In this way, it is possible to reduce costs at an important stage in the overall process of microalgae biodiesel production, making this energy alternative economically viable.
CAPES: 1420416
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Padmaperuma, Gloria. "Microalgal co-cultures for biomanufacturing applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20714/.
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High demands in consumer goods and pressures from governments to meet environmental regulations have pushed industries to find innovative, carbon-neutral solutions. Sustainable methods in biotechnology are sought to increase productivity whilst keeping at bay one of the major problems in monoculture production routes: contamination. The use of engineered consortia is seen as a viable option. In nature, microorganisms exist as part of complicated networks known as consortia. Within the consortia, each member plays a role in facilitating communication, tasks distribution, nutrients acquisition and protection. This emerging field uses the conundrums that govern natural microbial assemblages to create artificial co-culture within the laboratory. Purpose fit, co-cultures have been created, to enhance productivity yields of desired products, for bioremediation and to circumvent contamination. The use of microalgae in co-cultures is the focus of this study. Microalgae have application in many fields and are ideal candidates for bioproduction and carbon sequestration. The results of two different systems are presented, which aim to increase the productivity of microalgae biomass and of β-carotene or lipids. The natural consortium of Dunaliella salina, Halomonas and Halobacterium salinarum showed both an increase in microalgae cell concentration by 79% and higher β-carotene productivity compared to the monoculture. This association also showed that Halomonas is able to aid D. salina when subjected to abiotic stress. The artificial co-culture of Scenedesmus obliquus and Rhodosporidium toruloides showed an increase in microalgae biomass by 20%; however, the FAME levels of 26% dw were not a significant increase, compared to monocultures. Both systems demonstrated that if one member of the assemblage is in dire stress, this stress will translate to the entire community. Characterisation of exopolymeric substances and metabolites provided a fuller picture on how these microorganisms co-exist. Additionally, a novel method, duo-plates, was developed and successfully tested to trap metabolites within co-cultures.
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Novaes, Junior Sidney de Oliveira. "Potencial de aproveitamento de microalgas Chlorella vulgaris e Scenedesmus subspicatus como matéria-prima para obtenção de biodiesel." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1795.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-09This study aimed to assess the potential growth of two species of microalgae ( Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus subspicatus ) in two types of effluents ( humans and pigs ) in order to obtain lipids that could be converted into biodiesel . Such compounds must meet the specifications contained in Resolution No. 07 / 2008 of ANP . The effluents were collected in human Station Wastewater Treatment III , located in the city of Foz do Iguaçu / PR and swine effluent in Granja São Jorge ( Colombari ) , located in the municipality of São Miguel do Iguaçu / PR . Both were sent to laboratories for analysis IAP and NUCLEOTEC constatassem that the presence of nitrogenous and phosphatic and oils and greases total , respectively. The effluents were diluted to previously autoclaved and which can serve as culture media for microorganisms . They were then inoculated samples of each type of microalgae in an effluent and evaluated their growth. In four vials was added the compound mineral Agrostemin ® to assess their influence on the results . Prepared growth curves after 60 days of cultivation samples were filtered under vacuum for further extraction of oils using ultrasound. The samples were sent for analysis of lipid content and composition in terms of fatty acids by gas chromatography , which demonstrated the presence of fatty acids that make up biodiesel . The physico-chemical characterization of the effluent showed the presence of small amounts of fats and greases in both the total effluent . The quantitative analysis of lipids showed the highest concentration in the cultivation of C. vulgaris in human effluent , with 50.12 % . With the addition of Agrostemin ®, the yield was better in the cultivation of S. subspicatus in swine wastewater , with 80% increase in the production of lipids , followed by the growth of C. vulgaris in human effluent , with 41 % . The acids were higher concentrations linoleic (C18 : 2) , the cultivation of C. vulgaris in human effluent with 35.17 % , followed by the arachidic ( 20:0 ) with the same microalgae , now in swine wastewater , with 37.29 % , the palmitoleic ( C16 : 1 ) arising from the cultivation of S. subspicatus in human effluent , with 28.85% and pentadecanoic ( C15 : 1 ), the culture of the same organism in swine wastewater , with 55.22 % . It was found that the latter is what gives the best results, but the viability of the remainder is also promising.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de crescimento de duas espécies de microalgas (Chlorella vulgaris e Scenedesmus subspicatus) em dois tipos de efluentes (humanos e suínos) com a finalidade de se obter lipídios que pudessem ser convertidos em biodiesel. Tais compostos precisam atender às especificações contidas na Resolução nº 07/2008 da ANP. Os efluentes humanos foram coletados na Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes III, localizada na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu/PR e os efluentes suínos na Granja São Jorge (Colombari), localizada no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu/PR. Ambos foram enviados aos laboratórios do IAP e NUCLEOTEC para análises que constatassem a presença de componentes nitrogenados e fosfatados e de óleos e graxas totais, respectivamente. Os efluentes foram previamente autoclavados e diluídos para que pudessem servir de meios de cultura para os microrganismos. Foram, então, inoculadas amostras de cada microalga em um tipo de efluente e avaliado o seu crescimento. Em quatro frascos foi acrescentado o composto mineral Agrostemin® para avaliar sua influência nos resultados. Elaboradas as curvas de crescimento, após 60 dias de cultivo as amostras foram filtradas a vácuo para posterior extração dos óleos utilizando ultrassom. As amostras foram enviadas para análise do teor de lipídios e sua composição em termos de ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa, onde se constatou a presença de ácidos graxos que compõem o biodiesel. A caracterização físico-química dos efluentes constatou a presença de pequena quantidade de gorduras e graxas totais em ambos os efluentes. A análise quantitativa dos lipídios apontou a maior concentração no cultivo de C. vulgaris em efluentes humanos, com 50,12%. Com a adição do Agrostemin®, o melhor rendimento foi no cultivo de S. subspicatus em efluentes suínos, com aumento de 80% na produção de lipídios, seguido do cultivo de C. vulgaris em efluentes humanos, com 41%. Os ácidos com maiores concentrações foram o linoleico (C18:2), do cultivo de C. vulgaris em efluente humano com 35,17%, seguido do araquídico (20:0) com a mesma microalga, agora em efluente suíno, com 37,29%, o palmitoleico (C16:1) oriundo do cultivo de S. subspicatus em efluente humano, com 28,85% e o pentadecanoico (C15:1), da cultura do mesmo microrganismo em efluente suíno, com 55,22%. Constatou-se que este último é o que apresenta os melhores resultados, mas a viabilidade do restante é igualmente promissora.
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Santos, Alexsandro Claudino dos. "Estudo ecofisiológico de Haematococcus pluvialis." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1854.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-30Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis has been studied as one of the main natural sources of astaxanthin carotenoid, potent antioxidant with applications in the nutraceutical and cosmetic industry. H. pluvialis is a microalgae Chlorophyceae whose life cycle includes a phase encystment with high pigment production. In recent years there has been increased activity, processes and applications involving the use of H. pluvialis and its biomass, however H. pluvialis culture do not achieve generally high biomass and species is considered delicate, a slow-growing. Thus, the production and use of the pigment depends on the microorganism and biological, physical and chemical interactions which result in high production of green cells which subsequently form red astaxanthin filled cysts. In this study we sought to optimize the vegetative growth of microalgae, increased the final biomass yield in crops. To this end we investigated the composition of the nutrient medium different pHs and culture methods (sealed vs continuous). Determination of photosynthetic efficiency and energy dissipation were used to infer the cellular health in green flagellates, evaluating the different experimental conditions on microalgae. Intracellular biochemical composition analyzes were performed by determining the concentration of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates in addition to the fatty acid composition. The study was initiated by investigating different nutrient media the growth and biomass production and the results showed that modified Oligo LC medium containing ammonium bicarbonate four times more concentrated nutrients and the remaining 2 times, resulting in improved production of biomass. A procedure then to study the influence of pH on vegetative growth, photosynthetic efficiency and biochemical composition of H. pluvialis. For this purpose we used pH buffers (MES, HEPES, and PIPES), and the results showed a higher germination cysts and higher growth rate in buffered at pH 6.3 cultures (growth rate 0.45 d-1; MES buffer). These findings that the production of H. pluvialis can proceed in the absence of a lag phase in cultures inoculated with cysts. Pigments and lipids related to cell wall dominated at pH 6.3 and palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) were the most abundant fatty acids. PH in the 6.7 and 7.2 crops showed the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 6% higher than the control. Regarding the methods of cultivation, continuous were better. The biomass showed higher protein content and the larger culture growth rate and biomass of the sealed. The photosynthetic activity and its parameters suffered significant variations in continuous cultures. H. pluvialis responded better as the photosynthetic parameters in various light intensities when in continuous culture, despite the saturation irradiance was higher in batch cultures.
A microalga Haematococcus pluvialis tem sido estudada por ser uma das principais fontes naturais do carotenoide astaxantina, potente antioxidante com aplicações na indústria de nutracêuticos e cosméticos. H. pluvialis é uma microalga Chlorophyceae cujo ciclo de vida inclui uma fase de encistamento onde o pigmento é acumulado. Apesar de registrar-se um aumento de processos e aplicações envolvendo H. pluvialis, suas culturas dificilmente atingem elevada biomassa e a espécie é considerada sensível a variações ambientais, com crescimento lento. Assim, a produção e uso do pigmento e do microorganismo tornam-se dependentes do desenvolvimento de tecnologia relativas aos fatores biológicos, físicos e químicos, cujas interações resultem em alta produção de células verdes para que posteriormente formem cistos vermelhos repletos de astaxantina. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se otimizar o crescimento vegetativo da microalga, aumentado o rendimento de biomassa final nas culturas. Para isso investigouse a composição de meios nutritivos, diferentes pHs (controle, 6.0, 6.3, 6.7 e 7.2) e modalidades de cultivo (estanque vs contínua). Determinações de eficiência fotossintética e dissipação de energia foram usadas para inferir sobre a saúde celular nas células flageladas verdes, avaliando-se as diferentes condições experimentais. Foram feitas análises da composição bioquímica intracelular determinando-se a concentração de proteínas, lipídios e carboidratos, além da composição de ácidos graxos. O estudo foi iniciado investigando-se diferentes meios nutritivos no crescimento e produção de biomassa e, os resultados mostraram que o meio de cultura LC Oligo modificado contendo bicarbonato de amônio 4 vezes mais concentrado e o restante dos nutrientes 2 vezes, resultou no maior rendimento de biomassa. Procedeu-se então ao estudo da influência do pH no crescimento vegetativo, eficiência fotossintética e composição bioquímica da microalga. Os resultados mostraram maior germinação de cistos e maior taxa de crescimento em culturas tamponadas em pH 6.3 com tampão MES (taxa de crescimento 0,53 d-1). Lipídios relacionados a pigmentos e parede celular dominaram nesse pH e, ácido palmítico (C16:0) e linoleico (C18:2n6c) foram os ácidos graxos de maior abundância. Em relação às modalidades de cultivo, os contínuos foram melhores do que os estanques, que tiveram menor conteúdo proteico e taxa de crescimento. A atividade fotossintética e seus parâmetros sofreu menor variação nas culturas contínuas. H. pluvialis respondeu melhor quanto aos parâmetros fotossintéticos em várias intensidades luminosas quando em cultura contínua, apesar da irradiância de saturação ter sido maior em cultivos estanques.
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Cartas, Liliana Carrillo. "Isolamento e cultivo de microalgas em resíduo líquido do processamento da mandioca: manipueira." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/1048.
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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso da manipueira como meio de cultura para microalgas e determinar as melhores condições para o cultivo. As cepas avaliadas foram isoladas das lagoas de estabilização de manipueira da empresa Podium Alimentos LTDA. de Paranavaí, sendo identificadas morfologicamente como Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp. Monoraphidium sp. e Golenkinia sp. A presença de atividade amilolítica e a determinação da toxicidade do cianeto, composto presente no resíduo, foram avaliadas para cada uma das linhagens de microalgas isoladas. A presença de amilase foi identificada em Monoraphidium sp, Golenkinia sp. e Scenedesmus sp. quando inoculadas em meio solido de ágar-amido a 0,2%. A tolerância ao cianeto foi avaliada simulando o ambiente cianogênio com adição de KCN no meio de cultivo autotrófico. As microalgas Monoraphidium sp. e a Scenedesmus sp. demostraram capacidade para se desenvolver em meio contendo até 200ppm de KCN, enquanto as microalgas Chlorella sp. e a Golenkinia sp. suportaram concentrações máximas de 40 ppm. Para avaliação da sobrevivência das microalgas quando cultivadas no resíduo líquido do processamento da mandioca, foi utilizado como meio de cultura manipueira bruta não esterilizada, manipueira bruta estéril e manipueira pré-tratada (digestão anaeróbia) em diferentes concentrações. Os testes foram realizados em frascos Erlenmeyer de 125 mL, sob iluminação de 2500 Lux, fotoperíodo de 12 horas claro/escuro e temperatura de 25°C. As concentrações do inoculo iniciais foram de 0,2 g.L-1. Nos experimentos conduzidos com a manipueira bruta não esterilizada, todas as microalgas mostraram desenvolvimento em concentrações de 10% v/v do resíduo (manipueira/agua). Destacou-se a microalga Monoraphidium sp. que alcançou uma produtividade máxima de 0,014 dia-1, apenas 5% menor que o alcançado quando cultivada em meio autotrófico. Já nos cultivos em manipueira bruta esterilizada as quatro linhagens de microalgas avaliadas apresentaram uma maior resistência ao meio de até 30% de resíduo. Observou-se a maior produtividade com a microalga Monoraphidium sp. e Golenkinia sp. que foi de 0,078 dia-1 e 0,018 dia-1 respectivamente, na concentração de 10% v/v de manipueira. Nos ensaios conduzidos em manipueira após digestão anaeróbia, foram suportadas concentrações de até 100% do resíduo, para o isolado de Monoraphidium sp., Golenkinia sp., e Scenedesmus sp., e de até 40% v/v para a microalga Chlorella sp. A maior velocidade especifica de crescimento foi com a microalga Monoraphidium sp. na concentração de 40% de manipueira (v/v) sendo de 0,12 dia-1. As microalgas Golenkinia sp. e a Scenedesmus sp. também mostraram eficiência quando cultivadas no efluente digerido, sendo que em concentrações de 20% v/v manipueira/água apresentam crescimento semelhante ao obtido no meio sintético. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que é possível o cultivo de microalgas em manipueira bruta, tratada e mesmo manipueira digerida. Porém tratamentos adequados devem ser identificados para se obter uma maior produtividade microalgal. As microalgas Monoraphidium sp. e Scenedesmus sp. demostraram ser capazes de sobreviver e crescer melhor no cultivo em efluente digerido anaerobicamente, assim, a utilização da manipueira digerida como meio de cultivo mostra-se como uma forma eficiente de produzir grandes quantidades de biomassa microalgal.The objective of this research was to evaluate the viability of the cassava waste water as a culture medium for microalgae and to determine the best conditions for cultivation. The strains evaluated were isolated from the stabilization lagoons of the company Podium Foods LTDA. of Paranavaí, being morphologically identified as Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp. Monoraphidium sp. and Golenkinia sp. The presence of amylolytic activity and determination of cyanide toxicity, a compound present in the residue, were evaluated for each of the isolated microalgae strains. The presence of amylase was identified in Monoraphidium sp, Golenkinia sp. and Scenedesmus sp. when inoculated in 0.2% agar-starch solid medium. The cyanide tolerance was evaluated by simulating the cyanogen environment with addition of KCN in the autotrophic culture medium. The microalgae Monoraphidium sp. and Scenedesmus sp. demonstrated the capacity to develop in medium containing up to 200ppm of KCN, while the microalgae Chlorella sp. and Golenkinia sp. have sustained maximum concentrations of 40 ppm. In order to evaluate the survival of microalgae when cultivated in the liquid cassava processing residue, non-sterile cassava waste water handling, sterile manipulative cassava waste water and pre-treated cassava waste water (anaerobic digestion) were used in different concentrations. The tests were carried out in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, under 2500 Lux illumination, 12-hour light/dark photoperiod and 25 °C temperature. Initial inoculum concentrations were 0.2 g.L-1. In the experiments conducted with the non-sterilized raw cassava waste water, all microalgae showed development at concentrations of 10% v/v of the residue (cassava waste water/water). The microalga Monoraphidium sp. which reached a maximum productivity of 0.014 day-1, only 5% lower than that achieved when cultivated in an autotrophic medium. Already in the crops in sterile cassava waste water, the four microalgae strains tested showed a higher resistance to the medium of up to 30% of the residues. The highest productivity was observed with the microalga Monoraphidium sp. and Golenkinia sp. which was 0.078 day-1 and 0.018 day-1 respectively at the 10% v/v concentration of cassava waste water. In the experiments carried out in cassava waste water after anaerobic digestion, concentrations up to 100% of the residue were supported for the isolate of Monoraphidium sp., Golenkinia sp., and Scenedesmus sp., and up to 40% v/v for the microalga Chlorella sp. The highest specific growth rate was with the microalga Monoraphidium sp. in the concentration of 40% of cassava waste water (v/v) being 0.12 day-1. The microalgae Golenkinia sp. and Scenedesmus sp. also showed efficiency when cultivated in the digested effluent, and at concentrations of 20% v/v cassava waste water/water, presented growth similar to that obtained in the synthetic medium. The results showed that it is possible to cultivate microalgae in cassava waste water raw, treated and even digested cassava waste water. However, suitable treatments must be identified for increased microalgae productivity. The microalgae Monoraphidium sp. and Scenedesmus sp. demonstrated to be able to survive and grow better in anaerobically digested effluent cultivation, thus, the use of the digested cassava waste water as a culture medium is shown as an efficient way of producing large amounts of microalgae biomass.
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Candido, Camila. "Cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris em vinhaça convencional e biodigerida tratadas : uma abordagem ecofisiológica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7088.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Vinasse is a waste of sugarcane industry and, due to the presence of organic matter and mineral nutrients, it has been used for the irrigation of the sugarcane crops. However, its composition limits such application due to soil salinization. The anaerobic fermentation of vinasse generates biogas that is used as energy source in the sugarcane industry itself. The fermented vinasse results in biodigested vinasse. The development of techniques for residue use can contribute to cleaner production systems. In this research, we evaluated treated conventional and biodigested vinasses for the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. The treatment consisted of filtering the vinasses through smectite clay and activated carbon, or centrifugation. Concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% of treated vinasses were tested. Cell density, absorbance at 570 nm, pH and electrolyte conductivity were quantified daily in a six day experiment. Based in cell density, specific growth rates were calculated. Growth rates higher than the controls were obtained in 60% conventional filtered vinasse and 10% conventional centrifuged one, as well as in 80% biodigested filtered vinasse and 20% biodigested centrifuged vinasse. In general, the filtered vinasse was superior in relation to the centrifuged one regarding higher residue concentration that supported microalgae growth. After microalgae acclimation we evaluated the photosynthetic performance of C. vulgaris in the best vinasses conditions and the biochemical composition of the biomass present in the vinasse, which besides the microalgae contained other microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, since it was not sterilized. Specific growth rate for C. vulgaris in 60% filtered conventional vinasse was 1.6 d-1 and 1.5 d-1 in the 80% filtered biodigested vinasse, representing increases of up to 84 x in cell density compared to the initial. In the LC Oligo control the growth rate was ~ 0.9 d-1 and in the BG11 it was 1,1 d-1. Although the better C. vulgaris growth in the treated vinasses, photosynthetic efficiency and its related parameters were better in the control than in the vinasses. These results together with those of chlorophyll a concentration suggest that the microalgae have possibly used a mixotrophic metabolism while in the vinasses. We observed higher biomass accumulation in the vinasses than in the controls. A reduction of total dissolved organic carbon and dissolved mineral elements up to 50%, as well as bacteria and fungi, were detected in the vinasse after microalgae growth. This study is a contribution to the knowledge of microalgae physiology in a residue and to the development of cleaner ethanol production system.
A vinhaça é um resíduo da indústria sucroalcooleira que, devido à presença de matéria orgânica e nutrientes minerais, tem sido utilizada para fertirrigação das próprias culturas de cana-deaçúcar. Porém, a composição desse resíduo limita sua aplicação no solo, pois pode levá-lo à salinização. A fermentação anaeróbia da vinhaça gera biogás que é usado como fonte de energia para a própria usina. Essa fermentação resulta na vinhaça biodigerida. Técnicas que permitam utilizar as vinhaças, convencionais ou biodigeridas, contribuem para um sistema de produção mais limpo e rentável. Propusemos nesta pesquisa, avaliar o uso de vinhaça tratada. Para tanto usamos vinhaça convencional e biodigerida, filtradas em argila esmectita e carvão ativado, ou centrifugadas. Nelas cultivamos Chlorella vulgaris (BEYERINCK, 1890). As vinhaças tratadas foram testadas em concentrações de 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 100%. Avaliamos diariamente a densidade celular, absorbância em 570 nm, pH e condutividade eletrolítica ao longo de seis dias. Com os resultados de densidade celular, calculamos as taxas de crescimento para cada tratamento. Os melhores crescimentos se deram em vinhaça convencional filtrada 60% e centrifugada 10% e, em vinhaça biodigerida filtrada 80% e centrifugada 20%. Em geral, as vinhaças filtradas suportaram o crescimento das microalgas em concentrações superiores em relação às centrifugadas. A produção de biomassa foi maior nos filtrados em comparação com centrifugados. Após aclimatação da microalga em vinhaça avaliaram-se os parâmetros fotossintéticos e bioquímicos da biomassa produzida em vinhaça biodigerida filtrada 80% e em vinhaça convencional centrifugada 60%. Taxas de crescimento específicas de C. vulgaris de 1,6 d-1 foram obtidas na vinhaça filtrada convencional 60% e 1,5 d-1 na biodigerida filtrada 80%, representando aumentos de até 84 x nas densidades celulares em relação às iniciais. No controle LC Oligo esse valor foi de 0,9 d-1 e no BG11 foi de 1,1 d-1. Apesar do melhor crescimento algal nas vinhaças, a eficiência fotossintética e os parâmetros relacionados foram melhores no controle do que nas vinhaças. Esses resultados sugerem que a microalga na vinhaça possa ter utilizado a via mixotrófica como fonte de carbono. Observou-se que houve maior acúmulo de biomassa nos cultivos em vinhaça do que nos controles. Houve redução do conteúdo de carbono orgânico total dissolvido e de elementos minerais na vinhaça em até 50%, bem como da contaminação por fungos e bactérias ao final dos cultivos. Este estudo é uma contribuição para o conhecimento da fisiologia de microalgas em resíduos e para o desenvolvimento de uma produção de etanol mais sustentável.
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TIBÚRCIO, Viviane Pereira. "Avaliação do teor de ácido graxo das microalgas Pediastrum tetras e Scenedesmus acuminatus sob fótico e térmico para produção de biodiesel." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/530.
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A busca por alternativas energéticas viáveis, de baixo custo, sustentáveis e que possam substituir o uso de combustíveis fósseis tem aumentado. Neste contexto, os biocombustíveis derivados de microalgas torna-se uma opção promissora quer seja do ponto de vista econômico como do ponto de vista ambiental. Os cultivos de microalgas produzem elevada quantidade de biomassa em curto tempo e não requerem extensas áreas para sua produção como acontece com a cana de açúcar utilizada para a produção de etanol, ou a soja, no caso do biodiesel. Este trabalho teve o propósito de caracterizar o potencial de produção de ácidos graxos de microalgas isoladas da região semiárida do estado da Paraíba mantidas em cultivo monoespecífico no banco de culturas de microalgas do LARBIM/UFPB e selecionar espécies potencialmente produtoras desses compostos visando cultivá-las em diferentes condições de estresse com o propósito de incrementar o rendimento final dos ácidos graxos de interesse à produção de biodiesel. Os cultivos foram desenvolvidos utilizando os meios Zarrouk e WC em câmara de cultura a 25°C±1ºC dotada de sistema de iluminação, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Foram estudadas 12 cepas incluídas em 7 espécies representantes dos grupos das cianobactérias e clorofíceas. A quantificação de ácidos graxos de cada uma das microalgas estudadas, foi determinado por cromatografia a gás. Duas espécies Pediastrum tetras (D121WC) e Scenedesmus acuminatus (D115WC) apresentaram teores de ácidos graxos 802,1% em relação a soja 211,1% em relação a soja, respectivamente. Por essa razão essas espécies foram cultivadas em diferentes condições de estresse nas mesmas condições de temperatura e fotoperíodo, utilizando-se estresses fótico, térmico e nutricional. Ao final de cada experimento foram determinadas para cada condição testada, os teores de protrínas, lipídeos e carbiodratos. As curvas de crescimento foram acompanhas por medida de fluorescência in vivo, em triplicatas, e todos os parâmetros de crescimento foram analisados para cada espécie testada. Observou-se maior taxa de divisão celular por dia na espécie D112Z (0,71 divisão/dia). Os teores de ácidos graxos na cepa D121WC aumentaram mais do que o dobro sob a condição de estresse fótico. Já para a espécie D115WC ocorreu um aumento no rendimento de ácido graxo ao condiciona-la a estresse térmico de 590,8% em relação à soja. Apesar das duas espécies testadas (Pediastrum tetras e Scenedesmus acuminatus) serem potencialmente importantes para a produção de biodiesel, evidenciase que suas respostas fisiológicas às condições de estresse não são as mesmas.
The search for viable energy alternatives, low cost, sustainable and can replace the use of fossil fuels has increased. In this context, biofuels derived from microalgae become a promising option either from the economic point of view as from the environmental point of view. The cultivation of microalgae produce higher amount of biomass in a short time and require large areas for their production as with sugarcane used for ethanol production, or soybean in the case biodiesel. This study aimed to characterize the potential for production of fatty acids from microalgae isolated from the semiarid region of the state of Paraiba kept growing in monospecific cultures of microalgae bank of LARBIM / UFPB and select potentially producing species of these compounds in order to grow them different stress conditions in order to increase the final yield of the fatty acids of interest for biodiesel production. The cultures were developed using the means Zarrouk and toilet in a growth chamber at 25 ° C ± 1 ° C equipped with lighting system, with a photoperiod of 12 hours. 12 strains included representatives of groups of cyanobacteria and green algae were studied in seven species. The quantification of each fatty microalgae studied acids was determined by gas chromatography. Two species Pediastrum tetras (D121WC) and Scenedesmus acuminatus (D115WC) showed levels of fatty acids 802.1% compared to 211.1% in soybeans compared to soybean, respectively. Therefore these species were grown under different conditions of stress under the same conditions of temperature and photoperiod, using photic, thermal and nutritional stresses. At the end of each experiment were determined for each condition tested, the levels of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. The growth curves were avidly by measuring in vivo fluorescence in triplicate, and all growth parameters were analyzed for each species tested. Observed a higher rate of cell division per day in D112Z (0.71 divisions / day) species. The levels of fatty acids in strain D121WC increased more than twice on condition of photic stress. As for the species D115WC was an increase in the yield of fatty acid to condition it to heat stress of 590.8% compared to soybean. Although the two potentially important for the production of biodiesel tested species (Pediastrum tetras and Scenedesmus acuminatus) are, it is evident that their physiological responses to stress conditions are not the same.
Books on the topic "Microalgal culture"
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Richmond, Amos, ed. Handbook of Microalgal Culture. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470995280.
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Richmond, Amos, and Qiang Hu, eds. Handbook of Microalgal Culture. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.
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Amos, Richmond, ed. CRC Handbook of microalgal mass culture. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.
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Amos, Richmond, ed. Handbook of microalgal culture: Biotechnology and applied phycology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science, 2004.
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Kokuritsu Kankyō Kenkyūjo. Biseibutsu Keitō Hozon Shisetsu. NIES-Collection list of strains: Microalgae and Protozoa. 5th ed. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Environment Agency, 1997.
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Dilov, Khristo. Mikrovodorasli--masovo kultivirane i prilozhenie. Sofii͡a︡: Izd-vo na Bŭlgarskata akademii͡a︡ na naukite, 1985.
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Braun, Linda. Algae culture and uses: Microalgae : January 1979-March 1990. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1990.
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Young, Ann Townsend. Aquaculture, spirulina and other microalgae : January 1986 - April 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.
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Young, Ann Townsend. Aquaculture, spirulina and other microalgae : January 1986 - April 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.
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Young, Ann Townsend. Aquaculture, spirulina and other microalgae : January 1986 - April 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Microalgal culture"
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Andersen, Robert A. "The Microalgal Cell." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 1–20. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch1.
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Shrestha, Roshan Prakash, Farzad Haerizadeh, and Mark Hildebrand. "Molecular Genetic Manipulation of Microalgae: Principles and Applications." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 146–67. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch10.
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Richmond, Amos. "Biological Principles of Mass Cultivation of Photoautotrophic Microalgae." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 169–204. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch11.
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Zarmi, Y., G. Bel, and C. Aflalo. "Theoretical Analysis of Culture Growth in Flat-Plate Bioreactors: The Essential Role of Timescales." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 205–24. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch12.
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Zittelli, Graziella C., Natascia Biondi, Liliana Rodolfi, and Mario R. Tredici. "Photobioreactors for Mass Production of Microalgae." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 225–66. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch13.
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Grima, Emilio Molina, Francisco Gabriel Acién Fernández, and Alfonso Robles Medina. "Downstream Processing of Cell Mass and Products." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 267–309. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch14.
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Meghan Downes, C., and Qiang Hu. "First Principles of Techno-Economic Analysis of Algal Mass Culture." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 310–26. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch15.
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Liu, Jin, and Qiang Hu. "Chlorella: Industrial Production of Cell Mass and Chemicals." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 327–38. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch16.
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Belay, Amha. "Biology and Industrial Production ofArthrospira(Spirulina)." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 339–58. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch17.
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Borowitzka, Michael A. "Dunaliella: Biology, Production, and Markets." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 359–68. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch18.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Microalgal culture"
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Ma, Jian, and Oliver Hemmers. "Thermo-Economic Analysis of Microalgae Co-Firing Process for Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plants." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90186.
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A thermoeconomic analysis of microalgae co-firing process for fossil fuel-fired power plants is studied. A process with closed photobioreactor and artificial illumination is evaluated for microalgae cultivation, due to its simplicity with less influence from climate variations. The results from this process would contribute to further estimation of process performance and investment. The concept of co-firing (coal-microalgae or natural gas-microalgae) includes the utilization of CO2 from power plant for microalgal biomass culture and oxy-combustion of using oxygen generated by biomass to enhance the combustion efficiency. As it reduces CO2 emission by recycling it and uses less fossil fuel, there are concomitant benefits of reduced GHG emissions. The by-products (oxygen) of microalgal biomass can be mixed with air or recycled flue gas prior to combustion, which will have the benefits of lower nitrogen oxide concentration in flue gas, higher efficiency of combustion, and not too high temperature (avoided by available construction materials) resulting from coal combustion in pure oxygen. Two case studies show that there are average savings about $0.386 million/MW/yr and $0.323 million/MW/yr for coal-fired and natural gas-fired power plants, respectively. These costs saving are economically attractive and demonstrate the promise of microalgae technology for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission.
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Sangregorio-Soto, Viyils, Claudia L. Garzon-Castro, Gianfranco Mazzanti, Manuel Figueredo, and John A. Cortes-Romero. "Proportional-Integral Controller Assisted by GPI Observer for Microalgal Continuous Culture." In 2020 Argentine Conference on Automatic Control (AADECA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/aadeca49780.2020.9301637.
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HANSEL, EZEQUIEL, Alice Costa Kiperstok, Rodrigo Gomes Guimaraes, and Emerson Andrade Sales. "CLAY AS A SUBSTRATUM MATERIAL FOR MICROALGAE BIOFILM CULTIVATION." In I South Florida Congress of Development. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS I South Florida Congress of Development - 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/sfcdv2021-0025.
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The production of microalgae faces several obstacles. The bioreactors and processes used today in microalgae cultivation are expensive or lack optimization to scale up. Furthermore, harvesting, concentrating and dewatering, while using a cheap and suitable photobioreactor are the main problems that we need to be overcome to achieve viability in the process. The Clay Ceramic Bioreactor (CCBR) was built using only clay and wood sawdust and was designed to grow an immobilized microalgal biofilm while having almost complete separation from the liquid culture medium, reducing the consumption of water and energy. Results showed that the wood sawdust particle size should be sifted in a mesh size 10 and mixed in a proportion of 33% of sawdust and 67% of red clay and a maximum firing temperature of 900oC. Maximum dry biomass production of 3.71 g.m-2.d-1 was achieved within 7 days of cultivation, with no CO2 addition and a low light intensity of 45 µmol.m?2.s?1. The biomass was harvested through simple scraping. Initial results indicate a great potential for the use of clay as substratum and further tests should be carried out to scale up and optimize microalgae production,
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HANSEL, EZEQUIEL, Alice Costa Kiperstok, Rodrigo Gomes Guimaraes, and Emerson Andrade Sales. "CLAY AS A SUBSTRATUM MATERIAL FOR MICROALGAE BIOFILM CULTIVATION." In I South Florida Congress of Development. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS I South Florida Congress of Development - 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/sfcdv2021-0063.
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The production of microalgae faces several obstacles. The bioreactors and processes used today in microalgae cultivation are expensive or lack optimization to scale up. Furthermore, harvesting, concentrating and dewatering, while using a cheap and suitable photobioreactor are the main problems that we need to be overcome to achieve viability in the process. The Clay Ceramic Bioreactor (CCBR) was built using only clay and wood sawdust and was designed to grow an immobilized microalgal biofilm while having almost complete separation from the liquid culture medium, reducing the consumption of water and energy. Results showed that the wood sawdust particle size should be sifted in a mesh size 10 and mixed in a proportion of 33% of sawdust and 67% of red clay and a maximum firing temperature of 900oC. Maximum dry biomass production of 3.71 g.m-2.d-1 was achieved within 7 days of cultivation, with no CO2 addition and a low light intensity of 45 µmol.m?2.s?1. The biomass was harvested through simple scraping. Initial results indicate a great potential for the use of clay as substratum and further tests should be carried out to scale up and optimize microalgae production,
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Mohammed, K., Z. S. Ahammad, P. J. Sallis, and C. R. Mota. "Optimisation of red light-emitting diodes irradiance for illuminating mixed microalgal culture to treat municipal wastewater." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws130221.
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"Mitigate Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations and Recover Nutrients Using an Integrated Water Curtain-Microalgal Culture System." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152189103.
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Maulana, Fadhlurrahman, Wisnu Wardhana, Nasruddin, and Nining Betawati Prihantini. "The potency of microalgal biomass from agathis small lake, Universitas Indonesia as biofuel source: Study of dry season wild mix-culture." In THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0064316.
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Dias, Fernando G., Jose V. C. Vargas, Sam Yang, Vanessa M. Kava, Wellington Balmant, Andre B. Mariano, and Juan C. Ordonez. "Experimental Calibration of a Biohydrogen Production Estimation Model." In ASME 2018 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2018-9341.
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In this work, a dynamic physics-based model developed for the prediction of biohydrogen production in a compact tubular photobioreactor was calibrated experimentally. The spatial domain in the model was discretized with lumped control volumes, and the principles of classical thermodynamics, mass, species and heat transfer were combined to derive a system of ordinary differential equations whose solution was the temperature and mass fraction distributions across the entire system. Two microalgae species, namely, Acutodesmus obliquus and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain ccI25 were cultured in triplicate with different culture media via indirect biophotolysis. Experimental biomass and hydrogen concentrations were then used to adjust the specific microalgae growth and hydrogen production coefficients based on residual sum of squares and the direct search method.
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Pasqualinotto, Guilherme Léo, Jaqueline C. Da Silva, and Ana T. Lombardi. "ESTUDO DA PRODUÇÃO DE PIGMENTOS E OUTRAS BIOMOLÉCULAS EM ANKISTRODESMUS DENSUS EXPOSTA A DIFERENTES QUALIDADES DE LUZ." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/51.
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Introdução: A obtenção de bioprodutos provenientes de microalgas encontra-se em grande evolução no âmbito industrial, mas devido ao alto custo de produção, diversos estudos e técnicas com intuito de viabilizar e ampliar o rendimento obtido por microalgas vêm sendo realizados. A qualidade da fonte de luz fornecida às microalgas é uma alternativa promissora e tem sido demonstrado que há uma relação entre a produção bioquímica, o crescimento da microalga e a qualidade da luz. Objetivo: Nesta pesquisa avaliamos os efeitos da qualidade de luz (branca, vermelha e azul) na fisiologia e na composição bioquímica da microalga Ankistrodesmus densus em culturas de 96 h. Metodologia: Para tal, foi analisado diariamente o rendimento quântico máximo e a densidade celular. Ao final da fase exponencial (48 h) foi determinado o rendimento quântico efetivo, a dissipação fotoquímica e não fotoquímica. Proteínas, carboidratos e pigmentos (clorofila a e carotenoides) foram determinados diariamente no período 48-96 h para todas as cores de luz. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa quanto à densidade celular, taxa de crescimento, rendimento quântico máximo. A concentração de clorofila a foi menor em 72 h nos LEDs azuis em comparação aos outros tratamentos. A síntese de carotenoides foi 3,5 vezes maior sob luz azul e vermelha em 48 h e em 72 h em LEDs vermelhas foi 2,5 vezes maior em relação ao controle. Em 96 h, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. A Luz vermelha estimulou a produção de proteínas, sendo 29% maior em 72 h e 82% maior 96 h comparado ao controle. Carboidratos aumentaram 2,5 vezes sob luz vermelha (48 h), em 96 h a síntese de carboidratos aumentou significativamente em LEDs azuis, cerca de 130% em relação ao controle. Conclusão: Este estudo mostrou que para Ankistrodesmus densus diferentes qualidades de luz podem estimular a síntese de proteínas, carboidratos e pigmentos sem alterar a taxa de crescimento e fotossíntese.
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Fu, Wantao, Tianwei Feng, Yuan Liu, Shuqing Cao, and Hongwen Liu. "Renewable culture of microalgae Isochrysis Galbana." In 2013 International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy and Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2013.6893675.
Full textReports on the topic "Microalgal culture"
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Hildebrand, Mark, Juergen Polle, and Michael Huesemann. A Systems Biology and Pond Culture-based Understanding and Improvement of Metabolic Processes Related to Productivity in Diverse Microalgal Classes for Viable Biofuel Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1458513.
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Barclay, W., J. Johansen, P. Chelf, N. Nagle, P. Roessler, and P. Lemke. Microalgae culture collection, 1986-1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6953341.
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Johansen, J. R., P. Lemke, N. J. Nagle, P. Chelf, P. G. Roessler, R. Galloway, and S. Toon. Addendum to Microalgae Culture Collection 1986-1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/914655.
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Melis, Anastasios. Maximizing Light Utilization Efficiency and Hydrogen Production in Microalgal Cultures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225978.
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Weissman, Joseph C., and Juergen Polle. Comparison of Marine Microalgae Culture Systems for Fuels Production and Carbon Sequestration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882851.
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Radmer, R., P. Behrens, and K. Arnett. Characterization of Photosynthetic Efficiency and Growth of Selected Microalgae in Dense Culture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068592.
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Wilson, L. G., K. L. Olson, M. G. Wallace, and M. D. Osborn. Inventory of Sources of Available Saline Waters for Microalgae Mass Culture in the State of Arizona. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068595.
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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff, and Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.
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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), based on phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein sequences. RGNNV type is quite important as it has a broad host-range, infecting warm-water fish species. At present, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent VNN in fish. The general goal of this research was to develop oral fish vaccines in yeast and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp.) against the RGNNV genotype. To achieve this, we planned to clone and sequence the coat protein gene of RGNNV, express the coat protein gene of RGNNV in yeast and red microalgae and evaluate the immune response in fish fed with recombinantVLPs antigens produced in yeast and algae. The collaboration between the Israeli group and the US group, having wide experience in red microalgae biochemistry, molecular genetics and large-scale cultivation, and the development of viral vaccines and eukaryotic protein expression systems, respectively, was synergistic to produce a vaccine for fish that would be cost-effective and efficacious against the betanodavirus infection.
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Microalgae Culture Collection, 1985-1986. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6261246.
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Design, Fabrication, and Operation of Innovative Microalgae Culture Experiments for the Purpose of Producing Fuels: Final Report, Phase I. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068594.
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