Academic literature on the topic 'Micro vegetables'
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Journal articles on the topic "Micro vegetables"
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Sam, Luong Hong, and Tran Anh Son. "A Study on Application of Ultrasonic Wave and Ozone Micro-Bubbles in Leafy Vegetables Washing." Key Engineering Materials 863 (September 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.863.79.
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The demand for vegetable consumption is essential issue to serve citizens. Excessive protective chemical elimination which is applied advanced solutions brings high effects being investigated by domestic and international scientists. In this report, research team conducted and designed the vegetable washing machine integrated with the ultrasonic power and Ozone microbubbles to wash out plentiful protective chemicals attaching to surfaces of leafy vegetables. Followingly, using Taguchi method for four kinds of vegetables including salad, water spinach, Chinese cabbage, and mustard greens verifies the effectiveness of solutions. Vegetable samples are treated soaking pool making ultrasonic wave and Ozone microbubbles raging from 1.0ppm to 2.0ppm. The practical results demonstrated that the method using the ultrasonic power and Ozone microbubbles has high effects on eradicating protective chemical on leafy vegetables.
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Giannini, Alessandra, and Andrea Oldani. "Micro-agricoltura e sistemi lineari." TERRITORIO, no. 61 (June 2012): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-061021.
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With the term micro-agriculture, we mean agriculture on a small scale (as opposed to intensive agriculture and monoculture). If horticulture is the collection of agricultural and agronomic practices aimed at the production of vegetables, urban gardening being one aspect of this, then micro-agriculture is the collection of ‘small scale' agricultural practices, including horticulture (as in the case of urban vegetable gardens), fruit-growing or flower-growing. Micro-agriculture is a landscape: the collection of garden plots, and natural and artificial materials used define a unified yet diversified whole, different from the traditional agricultural landscape in its reduced scale, biological richness, the variety of materials used and the heterogeneous landscape created. Land use practices generated spontaneously can lead to projects for landscaping and reorganizing marginal areas, and the definition of a new linear landscape.
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Matloob, M. H. "Determination of cadmium,lead,copper and zinc in Yemeni khat by anodic stripping voltammetry." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 1-2 (April 2, 2003): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.1-2.28.
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Trace element concentrations in khat were investigated as they can disturb trace element levels in the body. Cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], copper [Cu] and zinc [Zn] levels in khat and 6 leafy vegetables commonly consumed in the Republic of Yemen were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry after wet digestion of the organic matter. Khat had significantly higher concentrations of Cu and Zn than did the leafy vegetables, but similar amounts of Cd and Pb. The average daily intake of khat consumers of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from khat only was estimated to be 2.0-10.2 micro g/day, 23.6-118.0 micro g/day, 530-2654 microg/day and 662-3311 micro g/day respectively. Although high, these values were within Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization tolerance limits
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MIYAO, Shigeo. "Removal of Micro Organisms in Vegetables for Food." food preservation science 24, no. 4 (1998): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5891/jafps.24.267.
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Wiwaha, Refki Aulia, and Syahrul Kurniawan. "ANALISIS PERUBAHAN CADANGAN HARA PADA BERBAGAI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN KELERENGAN DI DAS MIKRO KALI KUNGKUK, KOTA BATU." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.1.1.
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The Kali Kungkuk micro watershed which is located in the upper area of Brantas watershed, had experienced forest conversion to horticulture during the last fourth decades. Since the physiographic of Kali Kungkuk micro watershed is hilly, forest conversion to horticulture may result in soil nutrient stock changes. The research aimed to analyze soil nutrient stock from forest to horticulture land uses (i.e. apple orchard and vegetables) in the Kali Kungkuk micro watershed. The field research was conducted on three different land uses (i.e. vegetable land (PK), apple orchard (PA), and forest (PH)) and four land slope classes (i.e. slope 0-8% (K1), 8-15% (K2), 15-25% (K3), and > 25% (K4)), with three, replicates plots of each. Soil samples were collected at three different depths (0-10, 10-30, and 30- 50 cm) from each plot. The parameters measured included soil texture, bulk density, standing litter mass, canopy cover, basal area, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. Data analysis was conducted with Linear Mixed Effect Models with a level of 5% and a further analysis of LSD test level of 5% as well as a correlation test between observational parameters. The results showed that differences in land use and slope affected to significant differences in the content of soil organic C and total N. In general, forests had higher soil C and N stocks as compared to other land uses (i.e. apple orchard and vegetables). Furthermore, soil organic C and total N was higher in the low slopes (i.e. 0-8%) and (8-15%) as compared to the high slopes (i.e. 15-25%) and (> 25%). The study found a positive correlation between soil nutrient stocks (i.e. C and N) and clay content. In contrast, soil C and N stock was negatively correlated with soil bulk density. Soil fertility degradation that occurs in the Kali Kungkuk micro watershed (i.e. apple orchard and vegetables) requires serious attention in soil management in order to ensure the sustainability of apple and vegetable production.
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Sulthana, J. H. Ameena, Suv arna, V. Chavannavar, J. S. Anusha, and Neekshita Shetty. "Natural Micro Flora on Edible Raw Vegetables and Fruits." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 08 (August 10, 2019): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.010.
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Tran, Son Anh, and Ky Quang Dang. "A study on equipment and experimental process of fresh vegetables handling practices." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K6 (October 31, 2017): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik6.1180.
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The problem of pesticide residues in vegetables, especially leafy vegetable is the big concern to both customers and exporters. These days, plants, where people use postharvest technologies, are located in Cu Chi, Hoc Mon và Binh Chanh. Due to their simple and obsolete features, those technologies are in need of significant investment with a view to serving manufacture and accommodating customers' demand. This research aims at proposing a fresh vegetables handling process based on elements affecting the process by ultrasonic, micro bubbles and Ozone. The result of research is concentrated on studying, designing and implementing the equipment in line 200 kg/h productivity. It demonstrates an effective combination of cleaning and removing pesticide residues to the extent that is regulated by of Ministry of Health’s Food safety standards.
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Cummins, Steven, Dianna M. Smith, Mathew Taylor, John Dawson, David Marshall, Leigh Sparks, and Annie S. Anderson. "Variations in fresh fruit and vegetable quality by store type, urban–rural setting and neighbourhood deprivation in Scotland." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 11 (February 26, 2009): 2044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009004984.
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AbstractObjectiveNeighbourhood differences in access to fresh fruit and vegetables may explain social inequalities in diet. Investigations have focused on variations in cost and availability as barriers to the purchase and consumption of fresh produce; investigations of quality have been neglected. Here we investigate whether produce quality systematically varies by food store type, rural–urban location and neighbourhood deprivation in a selection of communities across Scotland.DesignCross-sectional survey of twelve fresh fruit and vegetable items in 288 food stores in ten communities across Scotland. Communities were selected to reflect a range of urban–rural settings and a food retail census was conducted in each location. The quality of twelve fruit and vegetable items within each food store was evaluated. Data from the Scottish Executive were used to characterise each small area by deprivation and urban–rural classification.SettingScotland.ResultsQuality of fruit and vegetables within the surveyed stores was high. Medium-sized stores, stores in small town and rural areas, and stores in more affluent areas tended to have the highest-quality fresh fruit and vegetables. Stores where food is secondary, stores in urban settings and stores in more deprived areas tended have the lowest-quality fresh produce. Although differences in quality were not always statistically significant, patterns were consistent for the majority of fruit and vegetable items.ConclusionsThe study provides evidence that variations in food quality may plausibly be a micro-environmental mediating variable in food purchase and consumption and help partially explain neighbourhood differences in food consumption patterns.
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Ramos, Marina, Cristina Mellinas, Ignacio Solaberrieta, María Carmen Garrigós, and Alfonso Jiménez. "Emulsions Incorporated in Polysaccharide-Based Active Coatings for Fresh and Minimally Processed Vegetables." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030665.
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The consumption of minimally processed fresh vegetables has increased by the consumer’s demand of natural products without synthetic preservatives and colorants. These new consumption behaviors have prompted research on the combination of emulsion techniques and coatings that have traditionally been used by the food industries. This combination brings great potential for improving the quality of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables by allowing the incorporation of natural and multifunctional additives directly into food formulations. These antioxidant, antibacterial, and/or antifungal additives are usually encapsulated at the nano- or micro-scale for their stabilization and protection to make them available by food through the coating. These nano- or micro-emulsions are responsible for the release of the active agents to bring them into direct contact with food to protect it from possible organoleptic degradation. Keeping in mind the widespread applications of micro and nanoemulsions for preserving the quality and safety of fresh vegetables, this review reports the latest works based on emulsion techniques and polysaccharide-based coatings as carriers of active compounds. The technical challenges of micro and nanoemulsion techniques, the potential benefits and drawbacks of their use, the development of polysaccharide-based coatings with natural active additives are considered, since these systems can be used as alternatives to conventional coatings in food formulations.
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Vu Ngoc, Tu, Hien Dang Thi, Anh Huong Nguyen Thi, Ngoc Mai Pham Thi, Anh Hoang Quoc, Tien Bui Cao, Dong Bui Quang, Hong Hao Le Thi, and Son Tran Cao. "Simultaneous determination of six auxin plant growth promoters in agricultural products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.110.
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A highly sensitive and specific method for simultaneous determination of six synthetic auxins (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2-napthoxyacetic acid (NOA), indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)) were developed using a QuEChERS-based sample extraction followed by an LC-MS/MS analysis. The method was validated and proved as meeting the AOAC International requirements for specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy in the range of 3 and 200 µg/kg. LOD and LOQ of all analytes were at 1 µg/kg and 3 µg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of six synthetic auxins were from 78.9% to 96.4% and the repeatability relative standard deviations were below 12.6%. The method was applied to simultaneously determine the content of 4-CPA, MCPA, NAA, NOA, IPA, IBA in vegetables, tubers, and fruits samples collected from different markets in Hanoi (Mai Dich, Dan Phuong, Giap Bat, Bach Mai, and Nga Tu So). MCPA was detected in 22/30 vegetable samples (3.0 ÷ 7.1 µg/kg), 9/30 tuber samples (3.2 ÷ 3.7 µg/kg); 4-CPA was detected in bean sprouts in the range from 23 to 75 µg/kg which exceeded the Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) of 10 µg/kg set by European Commission.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro vegetables"
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Herbig, Anna-Lena. "Stability of vegetable microconstituents at intermediate temperatures : fate of vitamins and other micro-components in products based on fruits and vegetables." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0263/document.
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Dans le cadre du projet européen « Optimized Products for Elderly Populations (OPTIFEL) » (ou « produits optimisés pour des gens âgés »), des produits alimentaires sont conçus pour les besoins particuliers des personnes âgées. Puisque cette population est souvent mal-nourrie, l’objectif du projet consistait à produire des aliments riches en nutriments et appétants. Ce but a été mis en œuvre en enrichissant des produits à base de fruits et légumes avec des protéines, des minéraux et vitamines, dont la vitamine C et les folates. Cependant, les deux dernières vitamines sont connues pour être fragiles et pour être rapidement perdues lors du chauffage. Pour atteindre le but de la supplémentation, c’est-à-dire augmenter l’absorption des nutriments, l’étude de leur stabilité est d’une grande importance. Ce travail, en particulier, a été dédié à l’étude de la stabilité de la vitamine C et des folates lors du réchauffage des aliments. Le réchauffage des aliments nécessite de respecter une température minimum de 60°C afin d’éviter la croissance des bactéries sporulées. Une deuxième contrainte, qui se démarque des méthodes de cuisson, est la durée du maintien en température. Selon que le réchauffage se déroule à la maison ou dans un système de restauration collective en liaison chaude, le temps de réchauffage est de courte durée ou peut atteindre quelques heures. La pomme et la carotte ont été choisies en tant qu’exemple d’un fruit et un légume pour le projet OPTIFEL et aussi pour le travail présent. La pomme et la carotte sont des produits qui sont appréciés à travers l’Europe et contiennent des quantités naturelles négligeables en vitamine C et folates. La stabilité de la vitamine C a fait objet de nombreuses études dans la littérature. Cependant, les facteurs qui impactent sa stabilité ont été principalement examinés en solution modèle et leur importance respective dans un vrai aliment manque d’études. Bien que la disponibilité de l’oxygène ait un impact primordial, et qu’il soit connu que l’oxygène est soluble jusqu’à 100°C, sa disponibilité dans le milieu alimentaire est très mal connue pendant le chauffage à des températures intermédiaires. L’acide folique est un vitamère synthétique, qui est habituellement utilisé pour la supplémentation mais qui a l’inconvénient de pouvoir masquer un déficit en vitamine B12. C’est pourquoi le vitamère naturellement abondant, l’acide 5-méthyltétrahydrofolate, a été proposé comme alternative pour l’enrichissement. Son inconvénient majeur, outre le prix, est qu’il est fragile et se dégrade rapidement en l’absence de réducteurs. L’objectif de cette thèse de doctorat consistait à comprendre la stabilité de la vitamine C et de l’acide 5-méthyltétrafolique à des températures intermédiaires. Une attention particulière a été portée à la stabilité dans des matrices alimentaires et à la disponibilité de l’oxygène. Dans un premier temps, la stabilité de la vitamine C et de l’acide 5-méthyltétrahydrofolique a été étudiée à une échelle laboratoire. Ensuite, l’impact des différentes méthodes de réchauffage a été examiné. Le travail a été divisé en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre a été consacré à l’étude de la stabilité de la vitamine C. Dans le deuxième chapitre, la disponibilité de l’oxygène a été étudiée. La troisième étude a été dédiée à la stabilité de l’acide 5-méthyltétrahydrofolique. Et dans le quatrième chapitre, trois méthodes de réchauffage ont été comparéesThe European project « Optimized Products for Elderly Populations (OPTIFEL) » was launched to ameliorate elderlies’ nutritional status. Since this population often suffers from malnutrition, it was envisaged to conceive food products based on fruit and vegetables, with a dense nutritive value. Therefore, products were enriched with important nutrients, among vitamin C and folates. To comply with the intention of supplementations consisting in an increased intake of nutrients, the study of their stability, especially of easy degradable molecules, is of utmost importance. The present work in particular, was dedicated to the stability of vitamin C and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate when food is warmed-up that is heated at an intermediate temperature range (60-80°C). It turned out that the deterioration pace of vitamin C is principally influenced by the filling volume of recipients on a lab-scale. A negligible effect was found for the food matrix meaning that products based on apples and carrots can interchangeably be used for fortifications. Concentration adaptions are easy to control as the degradation loss per time in the concentration range 2-5 mmol/kg, is independent of the initial concentration. Increasing temperature in the range 60-80°C, does not have an impact in a real food matrix either. The latter indicates that another factor, probably oxygen, becomes limiting as enhancing the supply of energy does not increase degradation rates anymore. Thus, by heating products at 80°C, the microbial safety margin can be increased while the nutritional value is kept as if heated at 60°C. From literature it is known that degradation at this temperature range only proceeds via the aerobic degradation pathway. It has been shown in the present work that in food products, the oxygen availability decreases down to anaerobic conditions, also near the surface, during heat treatments at 80°C while oxygen in model solutions stays abundant. Hence, the headspace gains in importance during long warm holding of real food products and dynamics of oxygen and ascorbic acid might determine degradation paces. However, oxygen is not alone responsible for the degradation initiation since ascorbic acid in ultrapure water does not degrade at 80°C during 8 h, even if oxygen is abundant during the whole length of time. An additional trigger, as Fe3+ ions or maybe also other constituents in food matrices, must be present. An interaction between oxygen and the trigger might result in the generation of reactive oxygen species that finally deteriorate the vitamin. For complete stabilization of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the amount of ascorbic acid is crucial in contrast to the food matrix that is used for supplementation. The protective effect of ascorbic acid is however time-limited even if it remains in excess. The duration of complete stability can be prolonged by increasing the initial ascorbic acid concentration. Heat treatments under real conditions that is when food products are warmed-up by a microwave, an Actifry ® device or held warm by a water bath, lead to minor to negligible vitamin losses. These are good news for the project since the vitamin amount that is added, is preserved during warming-up of products and must not be controlled. The results indicate the complexity of vitamin degradation since the stability depends crucially on the experimental set-up. It can be concluded that predictive modeling should be performed under real conditions. Vitamin C and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which are generally referred to be very susceptible to oxygen and heat, are fairly stable under reheating conditions in real food products
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Herbig, Anna-Lena [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Rychlik, Catherine [Gutachter] Renard, Philippe [Gutachter] Schmitt-Kopplin, and Eric [Gutachter] Marchioni. "Stability of vegetable micro-constituents at intermediate temperatures: fate of vitamins and other micro-components in products based on fruits and vegetables / Anna-Lena Herbig ; Gutachter: Catherine Renard, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Eric Marchioni, Michael Rychlik ; Betreuer: Michael Rychlik." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1127225340/34.
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Ncube, Lindani. "Evaluation of the effective micro-organisms (EM) on soil chemical properties and yield of selected vegetables in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/86.
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Effective microorganisms (EM), a commercial concoction of microbes that includes yeasts, fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, have been found to be effective in enhancing crop growth by a number of scholars. It is registered in South Africa, but it had not been thoroughly investigated. The present study investigated the effects of EM on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), butternut (Curcurbita moschata) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris), along with selected soil properties. In field-grown tomato it was observed that the application of EM caused a significant increase in the number of fruits at seven weeks after transplanting. However, plants treated with EM alone, or EM in combination with other amendments, subsequently produced lower yields owing to an outbreak of early and late blights which affected them the most severely. Combined applications of EM with organic amendments improved plant N content and increased soil N content above initial levels. The application of compost resulted in soil N and P concentrations higher than those of the control presumably due to nutrients being slowly released from the compost material. In a follow up greenhouse trial EM application had a negative effect on tomato leaf dry matter yield, number of leaves, number of trusses, fruit yield and number of fruits. The negative effects of EM were ascribed to N immobilization by the EM that could have resulted in reduced N availability to plants. The lower number of fruits associated with EM application resulted in improved average fruit weight of tomatoes grown in the greenhouse, possibly as a result of more assimilates being partitioned to the few fruits EM application also had a negative effect on field grown butternut as reflected by lower total yield, lower marketable yield and lower first grade yield. The results were attributed to immobilization of N induced by application of EM, and to the inability of EM to control pumpkin fly that attacked very young fruit, resulting in their failure to develop or resulting in the down grading of mature fruits. The application of EM alone had a positive but non significant effect on the yields of both the first and second harvests of Swiss chard. However, when applied with compost or goat manure, a non significant negative effect on yield was observed. When applied with inorganic fertilizer, EM had no effect on yield but tended to increase the uptake of nitrogen by Swiss chard. Though goat manure had a narrower C: N ratio than compost, it did not result in greater EM effectiveness as had been hoped. However, goat manure had a more positive effect on soil properties than compost. It increased the N, P, and K contents of the soil and resulted in a narrower C: N ratio of the soil compared to compost. Generally, the results of the four trials conducted with three different crops indicated that EM had inconsistent effects on crop performance.
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Maistro, Liliane Correa. "Avaliação microbiologica visando a utilização e comparação de metodos rapidos e convencionais em vegetais folhosos minimamente processados." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322532.
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Orientador: Jose Luiz PereiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
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Sandmann, Martin. "Fundamentals for modeling of micro climate, plant growth and plant quality development in field vegetable production below plastic covers." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17200.
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Folienmanagement ist von wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung im Freiland-Gemüsebau im Frühjahr. Aber die Prognose des optimalen Zeitpunktes der Abnahme von Plastik-Abdeckungen vom Bestand ist mit den bereits verfügbaren Mitteln zu ungenau, um die heutigen Anforderungen an die Produktionssicherheit zu erfüllen. Der bislang verwendete empirische Ansatz benötigt aktuelle Referenzmessungen unter den Abdeckungen, welche kostspielig sind. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Grundlagen eines mechanistischeren Modellansatzes zu entwickeln, welcher auf dem physikalischen und biologischen Verständnis von Energiehaushalt, Pflanzenwachstum und den Prozessen der Qualitätsentwicklung unter den Abdeckungen beruht, um die zukünftige Produktionssicherheit zu verbessern. Entsprechende Feldversuche wurden durchgeführt, um Daten zum Pflanzenwachstum und Mikroklima unter und über der Abdeckung zu erhalten und neue sowie etablierte Untermodelle zu parametrisieren. Weiterhin wurden Laborversuche zum Verständnis z.B. der optischen Eigenschaften der Abdeckungen, Blätter und des Bodens ausgeführt. Außerdem wurde eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung des Blattflächenindex bei Kopfsalat und Kohlrabi geprüft und für die effiziente Erhebung der Pflanzendaten etabliert (Sandmann et al. 2013). Im Ergebnis können nun verschiedene Prozesse der Gemüseproduktion unter Abdeckungen besser verstanden und mit hinreichender Genauigkeit mathematisch beschrieben werden, z.B. Strahlungshaushalt (Graefe & Sandmann 2014) und Blattflächenwachstum. Die meisten Ziele der Arbeit wurden erreicht. Weitere Arbeit ist vor allem notwendig für die Modellierung der Lufttemperatur unter der Abdeckung und die Entwicklung eines mechanistischen Ansatzes zur Beschreibung der Pflanzenqualität. Hier konnte die Pflanzenqualität wegen der subjektiv beeinflussten Daten nur über einen empirischen Ansatz modelliert werden. Die übliche Erfassung der Pflanzenqualität sollte überdacht werden, um zukünftig möglichst objektive Werte zu erhalten.Plastic film management is economically of importance for vegetable growing in the field in early spring, but the prediction of the best moment of removal of plastics from the crops is currently too imprecise to fulfill contemporary requirements in production safety. The broadly used approach for prediction is of empirical nature and is depending on current reference data from below covers, which are expensive to gather. The aim of this thesis was to develop the scientific foundations for a more mechanistic model approach, based on the physical and biological understanding of the energy balance, plant growth and plant quality formation process below plastic covers in order to increase future production safety. Field trials at three sites, with two species and several cover materials and removal strategies were carried out to gain data from plants and microclimate beneath and above covers for parameterization of new and established submodels. Additionally, laboratory experiments were performed to understand e.g. the optical properties of plastics, leaves and soil. Furthermore, a new method for determining leaf area index in lettuce and kohlrabi was adopted and established for a more efficient plant data collection (Sandmann et al. 2013). As a result, several processes of vegetable production using plastic covers are now better understood and can be described mathematically and sufficiently precise, e.g. the short wave radiation budget (Graefe & Sandmann 2014) and leaf area growth. Most, but not all aims of the thesis could be achieved. Further work will be necessary according to modeling of air temperature below the covers, leaf gas exchange and the development of a mechanistic approach for plant quality formation. Here, plant quality could only be modelled via an empirical approach, due to subjectively influenced data. Common plant quality data acquisition should be reconsidered to yield as much as possible objective values in the future.
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Alves, Nilvia Nara de Lucena. "Characterization of micro-watershed in experimental semi-arid region in support of deteriotation." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5299.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThis work aims to present an analysis through the experiments driven in a watershed to support the future studies that point out to identification and checking the causes that promote the degradation in the semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil. It was taken two watershed cited in the Escola AgrotÃcnica Federal de Iguatu â EAFIGT located in the Iguatu County, CearÃ, Brazil, It was made the morphometrical characterization, the identification of the vegetation (herbaceous and arboreal) substrates and the evaluation of the sediments transport related to physical aspects with the hydrological processes. The experiment was developed during the first semester of 2008 (rainfall station). The considered morphometrical aspects were: length and sinuosity of the main stream and slope, area, length, form factor, compactness coefficient, concentration time of the watershed, as well as the runoff time. The cover vegetation was estimated account all species present in a sampled space of 10 m x 10 m in a randomized design with three replications in each watershed. From the all computed individuals present in each sampled space, the density of vegetable was obtained by area and the population was estimated in the watersheds. In the evaluation of the sediments transport it was used the following equipments: suspended sediment flow collectors, weir parshall and meteorological station. The station was made in the Universidade Federal do CearÃ- UFC/DENA/LEMA. Results showed that cover vegetation was composed, basically by 23 species, being the most abundant Hyptis sauaviolens (L.) point (Bambural) and Hyptis sp. (Melosa) herbaceous and arboreal shrubby the Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart (Pereiro). The plant density for unity of area was 1,43 individual/m2 and 1,18 individual/m2 for the watershed B1 and B2, respectively. The estimated of vegetation population was 16,395 individuals for B1 and 24,421 individuals for B2, respectively. During the studied period, the air temperature went from 41 oC to 20 oC and the relative humidity went from 100% to 35%. The most intensity rainfall for 5 minutes was 140 mm h-1 in an event of 126 mm. The watershed areas were 1,15 ha and 2,06 ha for the watershed B1 and B2, respectively, with slope 8,7 for B1 and 10,6 %. for B2. The sinuosity of streams were 1,2 for the B1 and 1,4 for B2. The sediment delivery during the collected period was 9,22 and 17,95 kg for watersheds B1 and B2, respectely. The peak of flow registered in the B2 watershed was 740 m3 h-1 while in the B1 watershed was not possible register the peak flow. In spite of the experimental area present a good cover vegetable, it was identified the human activity. Although the number of vegetable species is high, it points out to succession stage. Even with the same characteristic pair watersheds can have different hydrologic behavior.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo a apresentaÃÃo de uma anÃlise a partir de experimentos conduzidos em micro-bacia para servir de suporte a futuros estudos que visem a identificaÃÃo e monitoramento das causas que levam a degradaÃÃo no Nordeste semi-Ãrido brasileiro. Para isso, foi tomado como unidade duas micro-bacias localizadas no municÃpio de Iguatu-Ce, pertencentes à Escola AgrotÃcnica Federal de Iguatu-EAFIGT e efetuada a caracterizaÃÃo morfomÃtrica, a identificaÃÃo dos substratos herbÃceo e arbÃreo e a avaliaÃÃo do transporte de sedimentos relacionado os aspectos fÃsicos com o processo hidrolÃgico. Considerou-se o perÃodo de experimento o primeiro semestre de 2008 (estaÃÃo chuvosa). Os aspectos morfomÃtricos obtidos foram: comprimento dos cursos e da bacia, declividade da bacia, Ãrea da bacia, fator de forma, coeficiente de compacidade, tempo de concentraÃÃo, sinuosidade do curso principal, tempo mÃdio de escoamento superficial. Para a identificaÃÃo do extrato vegetal foi feito levantamento das espÃcies vegetais em amostragem aleatÃria, com trÃs repetiÃÃes para cada micro-bacia no espaÃamento de 10 x 10 m. Computando todos os indivÃduos de cada espÃcie, a partir desses dados foi obtida a densidade de indivÃduos por Ãrea e estimada a populaÃÃo nas Ãreas das micro-bacias. Na avaliaÃÃo do transporte de sedimentosfoi procedida a instalaÃÃo de equipamentos: coletores de sedimentos em suspensÃo no curso dos cÃrregos, calhas Parshall e estaÃÃo hidro-meteorologica. A estaÃÃo foi confeccionada na Universidade Federal do CearÃ-UFC/DENA/LEMA. Foram identificadas no trabalho 23 espÃcies vegetais, sendo as mais abundantes Hyptis sauaviolens (L.) point (Banbural) e Hyptis sp. (Melosa) as herbÃceas e arbÃrea arbustiva o Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart (Pereiro). A densidade de indivÃduos por unidade de Ãrea obtida foram 1,43 indivÃduo/m2 e 1,18 indivÃduo/m2 para as micro-bacias B1 e B2, respectivamente. As populaÃÃes estimadas foram 16.395 indivÃduos para B1 e 24.421 indivÃduos para B2. Durante o perÃodo de estudo a temperatura do ar variou de 20 e 41 oC e a umidade relativa variou desde valores de 35% a saturaÃÃo. A chuva de intensidade mÃxima para 5 minutos foi 140 mm h-1 em um evento de 126 mm. As Ãreas das micro-bacias B1 e B2 foram, respectivamente, 1,15 ha e 2,06 ha, com declividades 8,7 e 10,6%. Os cÃrregos apresentaram-se com sinuosidade de 1,2 para a B1 e 1,4 para a B2. A produÃÃo de sedimentos em suspensÃo coletada para o perÃodo observado foi 9,22 e 17,95 kg. A vazÃo mÃxima para B2 foi de 740 m3 h-1, para a micro-bacia B1 nÃo foi possÃvel o registro da vazÃo mÃxima. Apesar da Ãrea experimental apresentar uma boa cobertura vegetal, a aÃÃo antrÃpica existe. O nÃmero de espÃcies vegetais à bem diversificado, mas aponta estagio de sucessÃo. Mesmo com caracterÃsticas semelhantes bacias adjacentes podem ter respostas hidro-sedimentolÃgicas diferentes.
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Alves, Nilvia Nara de Lucena. "Caracterização de micro-bacia hidrográfica experimental no semi-árido brasileiro como suporte a estudos de degradação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18637.
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ALVES, Nilvia Nara de Lucena. Caracterização de micro-bacia hidrográfica experimental no semi-árido brasileiro como suporte a estudos de degradação. 2008. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2008.Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-24T19:46:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_nnlalves.pdf: 4979980 bytes, checksum: 8b61f9155fbd42998a611ce5ad3a5866 (MD5)
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This work aims to present an analysis through the experiments driven in a watershed to support the future studies that point out to identification and checking the causes that promote the degradation in the semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil. It was taken two watershed cited in the Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Iguatu – EAFIGT located in the Iguatu County, Ceará, Brazil, It was made the morphometrical characterization, the identification of the vegetation (herbaceous and arboreal) substrates and the evaluation of the sediments transport related to physical aspects with the hydrological processes. The experiment was developed during the first semester of 2008 (rainfall station). The considered morphometrical aspects were: length and sinuosity of the main stream and slope, area, length, form factor, compactness coefficient, concentration time of the watershed, as well as the runoff time. The cover vegetation was estimated account all species present in a sampled space of 10 m x 10 m in a randomized design with three replications in each watershed. From the all computed individuals present in each sampled space, the density of vegetable was obtained by area and the population was estimated in the watersheds. In the evaluation of the sediments transport it was used the following equipments: suspended sediment flow collectors, weir parshall and meteorological station. The station was made in the Universidade Federal do Ceará- UFC/DENA/LEMA. Results showed that cover vegetation was composed, basically by 23 species, being the most abundant Hyptis sauaviolens (L.) point (Bambural) and Hyptis sp. (Melosa) herbaceous and arboreal shrubby the Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart (Pereiro). The plant density for unity of area was 1,43 individual/m2 and 1,18 individual/m2 for the watershed B1 and B2, respectively. The estimated of vegetation population was 16,395 individuals for B1 and 24,421 individuals for B2, respectively. During the studied period, the air temperature went from 41 oC to 20 oC and the relative humidity went from 100% to 35%. The most intensity rainfall for 5 minutes was 140 mm h-1 in an event of 126 mm. The watershed areas were 1,15 ha and 2,06 ha for the watershed B1 and B2, respectively, with slope 8,7 for B1 and 10,6 %. for B2. The sinuosity of streams were 1,2 for the B1 and 1,4 for B2. The sediment delivery during the collected period was 9,22 and 17,95 kg for watersheds B1 and B2, respectely. The peak of flow registered in the B2 watershed was 740 m3 h-1 while in the B1 watershed was not possible register the peak flow. In spite of the experimental area present a good cover vegetable, it was identified the human activity. Although the number of vegetable species is high, it points out to succession stage. Even with the same characteristic pair watersheds can have different hydrologic behavior.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo a apresentação de uma análise a partir de experimentos conduzidos em micro-bacia para servir de suporte a futuros estudos que visem a identificação e monitoramento das causas que levam a degradação no Nordeste semi-árido brasileiro. Para isso, foi tomado como unidade duas micro-bacias localizadas no município de Iguatu-Ce, pertencentes à Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Iguatu-EAFIGT e efetuada a caracterização morfométrica, a identificação dos substratos herbáceo e arbóreo e a avaliação do transporte de sedimentos relacionado os aspectos físicos com o processo hidrológico. Considerou-se o período de experimento o primeiro semestre de 2008 (estação chuvosa). Os aspectos morfométricos obtidos foram: comprimento dos cursos e da bacia, declividade da bacia, área da bacia, fator de forma, coeficiente de compacidade, tempo de concentração, sinuosidade do curso principal, tempo médio de escoamento superficial. Para a identificação do extrato vegetal foi feito levantamento das espécies vegetais em amostragem aleatória, com três repetições para cada micro-bacia no espaçamento de 10 x 10 m. Computando todos os indivíduos de cada espécie, a partir desses dados foi obtida a densidade de indivíduos por área e estimada a população nas áreas das micro-bacias. Na avaliação do transporte de sedimentosfoi procedida a instalação de equipamentos: coletores de sedimentos em suspensão no curso dos córregos, calhas Parshall e estação hidro-meteorologica. A estação foi confeccionada na Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC/DENA/LEMA. Foram identificadas no trabalho 23 espécies vegetais, sendo as mais abundantes Hyptis sauaviolens (L.) point (Banbural) e Hyptis sp. (Melosa) as herbáceas e arbórea arbustiva o Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart (Pereiro). A densidade de indivíduos por unidade de área obtida foram 1,43 indivíduo/m2 e 1,18 indivíduo/m2 para as micro-bacias B1 e B2, respectivamente. As populações estimadas foram 16.395 indivíduos para B1 e 24.421 indivíduos para B2. Durante o período de estudo a temperatura do ar variou de 20 e 41 oC e a umidade relativa variou desde valores de 35% a saturação. A chuva de intensidade máxima para 5 minutos foi 140 mm h-1 em um evento de 126 mm. As áreas das micro-bacias B1 e B2 foram, respectivamente, 1,15 ha e 2,06 ha, com declividades 8,7 e 10,6%. Os córregos apresentaram-se com sinuosidade de 1,2 para a B1 e 1,4 para a B2. A produção de sedimentos em suspensão coletada para o período observado foi 9,22 e 17,95 kg. A vazão máxima para B2 foi de 740 m3 h-1, para a micro-bacia B1 não foi possível o registro da vazão máxima. Apesar da área experimental apresentar uma boa cobertura vegetal, a ação antrópica existe. O número de espécies vegetais é bem diversificado, mas aponta estagio de sucessão. Mesmo com características semelhantes bacias adjacentes podem ter respostas hidro-sedimentológicas diferentes.
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Sandmann, Martin [Verfasser], Christel [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter, Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] George, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Rath. "Fundamentals for modeling of micro climate, plant growth and plant quality development in field vegetable production below plastic covers / Martin Sandmann. Gutachter: Christel Richter ; Eckhard George ; Thomas Rath." Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070910503/34.
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Sicaire, Anne-Gaëlle. "Solvants alternatifs et techniques innovantes pour l'éco-extraction des huiles végétales à partir de graines oléagineuses." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0260.
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Ces dernières années, l’intérêt croissant porté aux considérations environnementales et à la sécurité des procédés pose la question de l’utilisation de solvants pétrochimiques nocifs non renouvelables tels que l’hexane, mais aussi de la quantité d’énergie investie dans le procédé de trituration des graines oléagineuses. L’objectif de cette thèse a donc consisté en la recherche et le développement de procédés d’éco-extraction d’huile végétale, issue de graines oléagineuses, grâce à des technologies innovantes (ultrasons et micro-ondes) et des solvants alternatifs plus respectueux de la santé et de l’environnement. La première partie de ce manuscrit propose en premier lieu l’optimisation du procédé d’extraction à l’hexane d’huile de colza à partir d’écailles de pression avec des ultrasons. Bien que ceux-ci aient un impact positif sur les rendements, le temps d’extraction et la consommation de solvant, l’utilisation de l’hexane reste problématique. Dans une deuxième partie, la substitution de l’hexane par des solvants alternatifs plus « verts » a donc été considérée. Une première approche expérimentale a été complétée par une approche prédictive grâce à l’utilisation d’outils d’aide à la décision : les paramètres de solubilité de Hansen et le modèle COSMO-RS. Cette démarche a conduit à la sélection d’un solvant, le 2-méthyltétrahydrofurane, pour la réalisation d’une étude complète allant de l’échelle laboratoire à l’échelle pilote. Dans une troisième et dernière partie, la combinaison de solvants alternatifs avec une technique innovante, les micro-ondes, pour l’extraction d’huile colza à partir d’écailles de pression a été envisagée. Cette étude a mis en évidence l’intérêt des micro-ondes dans le cas d’une sélectivité de chauffage entre la biomasse et le solvantIn recent years, the growing interest in environmental considerations and process safety raises the issue of the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane, but also the amount of energy invested in the process of oilseed crushing. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research and development of green extraction processes of vegetable oil from oil seeds through innovative technologies (ultrasonic and microwave) and alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment. The first part of this manuscript describes the optimization with ultrasound of the extraction process, using hexane, of oil from rapeseed cake. Although ultrasound have a positive impact on extraction yield, extraction time and solvent consumption, the use of hexane remains questionable. In the second part, substituting hexane by "green" alternative solvents has been considered. A first experimental approach was supplemented by a predictive approach through the use of decision tools: Hansen solubility parameters and COSMO-RS model. This led to the selection of a solvent, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, for conducting a comprehensive study from laboratory to pilot scale. In a third and final part, the combination of alternative solvents with an innovative technology, microwaves, for the extraction of oil from rapeseed cake was investigated. This study highlighted the benefit of microwaves in the case of a selective heating between biomass and solvent
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Stander, Barend Andre. "Differential effects of Sutherlandia frutescens subs. microphylla on cell numbers, morphology, gene and protein expression in a breast adenocarcinoma and a normal breast epithelial cell line." Diss., Access to E-Thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08052008-093345/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Micro vegetables"
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Hotchkiss, Julie, and Brannan Sirratt, eds. The suburban micro-farm: Modern solutions for busy people. Milford, USA: Twisted Creek Press, 2018.
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A, Brett, Fruits of the Nile, and Natural Resources Institute (Great Britain), eds. Producing solar dried fruit and vegetables for micro- and small-scale rural enterprise development. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute, 1996.
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Bamforth, Charles W., and Robert E. Ward, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Food Fermentations. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742707.001.0001.
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This handbook showcases a variety of food fermentations ranging from beer and wine to cider, whisky, rum, vinegar, bread, cocoa, tea, and coffee. With authoritative accounts from many experts, it also features a diversity of fermentation products such as dairy products, vegetables, fermented meats and fishery products, and Asian foods. Fermentations for producing flavors and other components for use in foods are discussed as well. Finally, the book describes the use of micro-organisms to produce microbial biomass protein (MBP).
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A, Brett, Cox D. R. S, Trim D. S, Simmons R, Anstee G, Natural Resources Institute, and Fruits of the Nile (Uganda), eds. Producing solar dried fruit and vegetables for micro- and small-scale rural enterprise development.: Assessing opportunities ; Handbook 2 : Dryer construction ; Handbook 3 : Practical aspects of processing ; Handbook 4 : Business profitability. Chatham Maritime: Natural Resources Institute, 1996.
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Risk-based food inspection manual for the Caribbean. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121238.
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[Introduction] This manual contains guidance for risk-based inspections of food processing, preparation, retail and restaurants that countries can consult and adapt/adopt in developing a risk-based food business inspection program for their specific context. It is intended to help countries implement risk-based inspection systems that are consistent with international standards. This document builds on the FAO Risk Based Food Inspection manual (2008) and draws on the more recent guidance developed for governments by Codex Alimentarius, in particular, the Principles and Guidelines for National Food Control Systems (CAC/GL 82-2013) and the General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1-1969). Table of contents RISK-BASED FOOD INSPECTION MANUAL FOR THE CARIBBEAN | Contributions and Acknowledgement | SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION | SECTION 2 - GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND TERMINOLOGY | Guiding Principles | Terminology | SECTION 3 - RISK-BASED INSPECTION PLANNING AND REPORTING | National Food Profiles | Risk categorization for food | Risk categorization for food businesses | Risk-based inspection planning | General | Establishing inspection priorities | Developing an annual plan | Risk Based Inspection System Reporting | Delivery of planned activities | Program effectiveness | Conclusion | SECTION 4 - PROCEDURES FOR RISK BASED INSPECTION | Types or categories of food business inspection | General guidance | Preparation for the inspection | INSPECTION GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES | Opening meeting | Guidance 1: Opening Meeting (Medium to large food businesses) | Guidance 2: Opening meeting (Micro and Small food businesses) | Documentation Review | Guidance 3: Documentation review of food businesses with written food control processes | Outside review | Guidance 4: Food business: Outside exterior inspection | Guidance 5: Food business (without a permanent building) outside inspection | Inside review | Guidance 6: Food business (inside) inspection | Guidance 7: Bakeries | Guidance 8: Bottling drinks | Guidance 9: Eggs | Guidance 10: Fish and Fish products | Guidance 11: Market vendors, bulk sales of fruit, vegetables, spices, rice, pulses | Guidance 12: Milk, Dairy | Guidance 13: Poultry and Meat | Guidance 14: Restaurant/Cooked Food | Guidance 15: Retail | Guidance 16: Street food | Guidance 17: Warehouses, Storage facilities | Closing meeting, reporting and follow up | Guidance 18: Medium to Large Food Businesses | Guidance 19: Small and Micro Food Businesses | APPENDIX | Appendix 1: National food profiles | Appendix 2: Food Risks (Information and examples) | Appendix 3: Food business risk scores (draft) form | Appendix 4: Rating guide | Decision tree for rating level of non-compliance | Appendix 5: Inspection Report and Corrective Action Form | Appendix 6: Guidance on Labelling Review (Generic) | Appendix 7: Planning Example | Appendix 8: Case Studies | Case study 1: Retail | Case study 2: Small manufacturer of condiments | Case study 3: street food (doubles) | GLOSSARY | REFERENCES
Book chapters on the topic "Micro vegetables"
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Roberts{roJoint Chairman}, T. A., J. L. Cordier, L. Gram, R. B. Tompkin, J. I. Pitt{roJoint Chairman}, L. G. M. Gorris, and K. M. J. Swanson. "Vegetables and vegetable products." In Micro-Organisms in Foods 6, 277–325. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28801-5_5.
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Ray, Lala I. P., I. Suting, K. Siangshai, A. K. Singh, Ram Singh, and P. K. Bora. "Performance of Winter Vegetables Under Gravity-Fed Drip Irrigation System." In Micro Irrigation Scheduling and Practices, 3–22. Other titles: Innovations and challenges in micro irrigation ; [v. 7] Description: Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017. | Series: Innovations and challenges in micro irrigation ; [volume 7]: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207384-1.
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"Vegetables and vegetable products." In Micro-Organisms in Foods, 215–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5307-6_5.
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"Vegetables and vegetable products." In Micro-Organisms in Foods 6, 215–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6095-1_5.
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"Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Australia: Vegetables." In Sustainable Practices in Surface and Subsurface Micro Irrigation, 131–210. Apple Academic Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17235-19.
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"Vegetable Fermentations." In Food, Fermentation and Micro-organisms, 193–97. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470995273.ch15.
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"Vegetable Fermentations." In Food, Fermentation, and Micro-organisms, 211–15. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119557456.ch15.
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S.N. Chaitanya, Nyshadham, and Sibani Sahu. "Mineral Deficiencies a Root Cause for Reduced Longevity in Mammals." In Mineral Deficiencies - Genes, Diet and Disease Interface [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94276.
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Metals, inorganic compounds and their elements that act as cofactors for enzymes that play an essential role in various biological processes constitute mineral nutrients. Their primary source is soil and enters the climax consumers in food chain through plants as they contain most minerals that are essential for humans. They are required in small and precise amounts according to their requirement they were classified as Major (phosphorous (P), potassium (K)), Secondary (calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S)), Minor/trace/rare (Boron (B), chlorine (Cl), chromium (Cr), fluoride(F), iodine (I), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), sodium (Na), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn)). The daily requirement of minerals for individuals for effective biological function inside the cell is known as recommended dietary allowance (RDA) that varies for element. The daily requirement of major element is up to 10 g/d, whereas secondary and micro minerals was 400 - 1500 mg/d and 45 μg/d - 11 mg/d, respectively. Meats, vegetables, fruits, grains contains high amount of minerals that protect humans from mineral deficiencies. Some of the mineral deficiencies include ageing, cancer, hair loss etc. The key for these root problems include supplementation of healthy foods rich in minerals and understanding the importance of food by nutrition education, practice of physical activity, and about food habits. A detailed understanding of each mineral and their biological importance through mechanism of action studied in detail to overcome their deficiencies.
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Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. "Technical Changes: Technology and Industry." In Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.003.0015.
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In this chapter, we examine the second of the five overlapping drivers of disease emergence and re-emergence shown in Figure II.1—technology and industry. Technological developments have yielded immeasurable benefits to society. In the field of medicine, for example, improvements in sanitation and hygiene, along with the widespread use of vaccines and antimicrobial drugs, have served to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Likewise, improvements in intensive care, surgical techniques, cancer therapy, and therapies for other conditions have led to prolonged survival and an enhanced quality of life for many millions of people. But negative effects, too, have sometimes resulted from technological developments. Not least, such developments can provide, occasionally unwittingly, supportive environments for the proliferation and spread of pathogenic micro-organisms. Following Breiman (1996), Figure 5.1 identifies several key areas to these developments. The impact of technology on food production, distribution, and processing has had a substantial effect on the spread of infectious diseases, with potential contamination occurring at all stages of production and processing. The centralization of production and the increased international sourcing of foodstuffs has also had an impact on foodborne disease activity. In addition, current methods of storing foods have resulted in the emergence of foodborne pathogens; an example is provided by outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium has been found in a variety of raw foods, such as uncooked meats and vegetables, as well as in processed foods that become contaminated after processing, such as soft cheeses and cold cuts from delicatessens, in unpasteurized (raw) milk, and in foods made from unpasteurized milk. Listeria thrives in refrigerated environments and, in its presence, widespread contamination of stored refrigerated food products can occur. Legionnaires’ disease is the paradigmatic disease associated with technological innovation, with cooling towers, evaporative condensers, whirlpools, spas, and showers providing temperatures which promote the survival and proliferation of the causative bacterium, Legionella pneumophila. Municipal water systems are efficient conduits for the dissemination of pathogenic micro-organisms. While most water supplies in developed countries are effectively treated in municipal water treatment facilities, the treatment may occasionally be ineffective owing to faulty procedures or the development of resistance of an organism to routine procedures.
Conference papers on the topic "Micro vegetables"
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Setyaningrum, Tuti, Sari Virgawati, and Maftuh Kafiya. "Urban Farming With The Biopharmaceutical Crops To Develop Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises (Msme) Of Healthy Beverages Production." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.184.
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Recently, it is quite difficult to find an area for cultivation in the city, therefore, the backyard area in every family house in the city is also used as a farming area known as the urban farming system. The Farmer Group in the city of Yogyakarta, namely the Wijaya Kusuma Farmer Group (WK), has developed this urban farming system in their home yards by growing vegetables and fruits. With the COVID pandemic, they plan to cultivate empon-empon, herbal plants which have benefits to increase the body immunity or known as biopharmaceutical crops. Meanwhile, the Lombok Ijo Farmer Group (LI), which is in the same area as the WK, is more oriented towards making a healthy beverage from empon-empon. However, in this pandemic situation, the price of raw material for herbal drink has increased significantly. In this case, a collaboration between those two farmer groups is needed by utilizing the empon-empon cultivation produced from the WK to meet the raw material needs for herbal drinks produced by the LI. To ensure that both farmer gro ups reach good quality products and able to meet the standards for developing SMSE, it needs to assist in cultivation, post-harvest processing, until product packaging, and marketing by training.
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Font-Palma, Carolina, George Lychnos, Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei, Paul Willson, and Mohsen Assadi. "Comparison of Performance of Alternative Post Combustion Carbon Capture Processes for a Biogas Fueled Micro Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15558.
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Abstract The urgent need to decrease greenhouse gases (GHG) has prompted countries such as the UK and Norway to commit to net zero emissions by 2050 and 2030, respectively. One of the sectors contributing to GHG emissions is agriculture, by approximately 10% in the EU in 2017. GHG reductions in the production side should involve avoidance at source, reduction of emissions and/or removal of those emissions, with the potential for negative emissions by carbon capture. This paper focuses on the utilisation of agricultural waste that can be converted into biogas, such as livestock and crops residues which represent around 37% of GHG emissions by agriculture in the EU. The biogas can be used to produce electricity and heat in a micro gas turbine (MGT). Then, the exhaust gases can be sent to a carbon capture plant. This offers the potential for integration of waste into energy for in-house use in farms and fosters a circular-bioeconomy, where the captured CO2 could be used in greenhouses to grow vegetables. This could even allow the integration of other renewable technologies, since the MGT offers flexible operation for rapid start-up and shut down or intermittency of other technologies such as solar or wind. Current carbon capture processes are very costly at the smaller scales typical of remote communities. The alternative A3C (advanced cryogenic carbon capture) process is much more economical at smaller scales. The A3C separates CO2 from process gas that flows counter-currently with a cold moving bed, where the CO2 desublimes on the surface of bed material as a thin layer of frost. This allows enhanced heat transfer and avoids heavy build-up of frost that reduces severely the heat transfer. The phase change separation process employed by A3C and the large thermal inertia of the separation medium gives good flexibility of capture for load changes and on-off despatch. This study integrates a combined heat and power MGT, Turbec T100, of 100 kWe output. This include developed models for the MGT using characteristics maps for the compressor and turbine and for the cryogenic carbon capture plant, using two software tools, IPSEpro and Aspen Plus, respectively.
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Cavarzere, A., M. Morini, M. Pinelli, P. R. Spina, A. Vaccari, and M. Venturini. "Fuelling Micro Gas Turbines With Vegetable Oils: Part II — Experimental Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68239.
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The application of bio-fuels in automotive, power generation and heating applications is constantly increasing. However, the use of straight vegetable oil (pure or blended with diesel) to feed a gas turbine for electric power generation still requires experimental effort, due to the very high viscosity of straight vegetable oils. In this paper, the behavior of a Solar T-62T-32 micro gas turbine fed by vegetable oils is investigated experimentally. The vegetable oils are supplied to the micro gas turbine as blends of diesel and straight vegetable oils in different concentrations, up to pure vegetable oil. This paper describes the test rig used for the experimental activity and reports some experimental results, which highlight the effects of the different fuels on micro gas turbine performance and pollutant emissions. Moreover, an identification model is set up to predict the behavior of the considered gas turbine, when fuelled by vegetable oil, and the sensitivity of micro gas turbine thermodynamic measurements and emissions is quantitatively established.
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Cavarzere, A., M. Morini, M. Pinelli, P. R. Spina, A. Vaccari, and M. Venturini. "Fuelling Micro Gas Turbines With Vegetable Oils: Part I — Straight and Blended Vegetable Oil Properties." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68238.
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Current energy policies tend to encourage the production of renewable energy for environmental reasons and energy independence. Among renewable sources, biomass can play a key role, because of economic, environmental and political factors, such as the need to diversify and improve energy supply, reduce the greenhouse effect and support rural areas. For the case of liquid biofuels derived from agricultural crops, several possibilities can be considered, such as straight vegetable oil (SVO), oil-derived esters, bioethanol or blends with conventional fuels (diesel or gasoline). The use of SVOs and their derivatives usually poses some problems, that essentially derive from their much higher viscosity and higher boiling temperature. In order to evaluate the technical feasibility of the use of SVOs within gas turbine combustors, this paper reports the results of the experimental characterization of different vegetable oils, derived from dedicated crops. Moreover, blends composed of diesel and vegetable oil in different concentrations (from pure diesel to pure vegetable oil) are also considered and their experimental characterization is also reported, with particular focus on blend viscosity. The considered vegetable oils were obtained from different types of oilseeds (rapeseed, sunflower, soybean) and were cultivated under different agronomic scenarios. The SVO properties determined experimentally are SVO elemental composition, lower heating value, density, specific heat and viscosity, for which this paper provides a practical overview, coming both from experiments and literature data.
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Nguyen, Trung Kien, Patrick Y. Kwon, and Kyung-Hee Park. "A Critical Factor in Enhancement of MQL Lubricants: Platelet Thickness." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1145.
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The lamellar-type solid lubricants are readily available in a form of platelets. The diameter and thickness of these platelets are typically up to tens of microns and few microns, respectively, which are classified as micro-platelets. Some of these platelets are also available as nano-platelets whose thickness is well below a micron (even to few nanometers). In the previous work, the vegetable oil mixed with nano-platelets was enormously effective for Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) machining. Clearly, the micro-platelets are not as inexpensive. In addition, the mixtures with the micro-platelets are not as stable as those with the nano-platelets. This paper intends to find the effect of the thickness differential on these platelets in MQL machining. The tribometer test shows that the nano-platelets are much more effective than the micro-platelets in reducing wear without changing the friction. With the MQL ball mill experiment, the micro-platelets present in MQL oil increased the tool wear, even compared to the traditional MQL with pure oil only. Thus, the thickness of the nano-platelets holds an important characteristic to enhance MQL-based machining.
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Sendrea, Claudiu, Maria-Cristina Micu, Emanuel Hadimbu, Simona Maria Paunescu, Iulia Maria Caniola, Madalina Ignat, Lucretia Miu, and Elena Badea. "Micro DSC and NMR MOUSE studies of collagen–vegetable tannin interaction mechanism during leather making." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.v.13.
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In this study NMR MOUSE and micro DSC techniques were used to investigate the interaction between collagen and various vegetable tannins during leather making process with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of different water environment in relation to tannin type. We have previously showed that relaxation times may provide useful information on collagen matrix properties. The vegetable tanned leathers were obtained by patented techniques inspired from ancient recipes at the National R&D Institute for Textile and Leather, ICPI Division, Bucharest using various vegetable extracts such as myrobalan, gambier and chestnut. Longitudinal and transversal relaxation times T1 and T2eff were measured using a PM2 portable NMR-MOUSE with 20.05 MHz frequency. Micro DSC measurements were carried out with a high-sensitivity SETARAM Micro-DSC III in the temperature range (5 to 95) °C at 0.5 K min-1 heating rate. The investigated leathers showed significant differences in the values of spin-spin (T2eff) and spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times depending on tannin type that well corelates with the variation of the calorimetric parameters (denaturation temperature and enthalpy, peak shape). These results highlight the complementarity of the information obtained by the two techniques and open new ways for both designing new leather assortments and analyses of historical and archaeological leather.
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Belkadi, A., A. Montillet, and J. Bellettre. "Biofuel Emulsifier Using High Velocity Impinging Flows and Singularities in Micro-Channels." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9314.
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The objective of this work is to design an original microfluidic mixer for continuous emulsification of small fractions of water in a lipid phase. This system is aimed to be integrated on-line in the process so as to avoid the use of a surfactant. The targeted application is a better combustion of alternative biofuels in boilers, turbines or internal combustion engines in general. The developed micro-system which includes impinging flows and elbows, is performed on the basis of a specific design of micro-channels, adapted to the respective flow rates and the characteristics of the fluids to be emulsified (viscosity, surface tension). The variation of different parameters is tested in this study such as the nature of the lipid phase (viscosity, density, surface tension and components), the length of micro-channels in the elbow and the flow rate of the dispersed phase. The dispersion of water is much more efficient with this microsystem using gasoil rather than vegetable oil as the continuous phase.
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Belayneh, Mesfin, and Bernt S. Aadnøy. "Effect of Nano and Micro Sized Particle Additives on the Mechanical Strength of Cement Plug." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41756.
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Cements in oil wells are exposed to high temperatures, a high pressures and a degrading environment. These affect the mechanical strength of the cement over time. Cement is often part of well integrity problems, sometimes creating leak paths to surface, but also allowing sour reservoir gases to corrode casings. Poor cement bond quality and casing corrosion are two fundamental problems with oil well cements. This paper presents the effect of vegetable fiber, nano- and micro particle additives on cement slurry. The mechanical strength of the cement plugs were analyzed through sonic measurement and uniaxial compressive test. The internal structure of the cement plugs were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The test results show an improved internal structure, higher load carrying capacity, longer deformation and higher modulus of resilience.
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Nguyen, Trung, Dinh Nguyen, Pete Howes, Patrick Kwon, and Kyung-Hee Park. "Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Using Vegetable Oil With Nano-Platelet Solid Lubricant in Milling Titanium Alloy." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9466.
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Improving the machinability of titanium (Ti) alloys remains unresolved for manufacturing industries because excessive tool wear and catastrophic tool failures lead to shortened tool life and low productivity with any available cutting tool system. Besides optimizing the substrate and/or coating materials for cutting tools, improving the cooling and lubricating conditions is one of the ways to improve the machinability of Ti alloys. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using a nano-platelet, lamellar-type solid lubricant of graphite Exfoliated graphite nano-platelets (xGnP®) grade C750 (or xGnP750) in Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) machining of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64). Due to the lamellar or layered crystal structure, each layer easily slides against adjacent layers to provide the lubricity when introduced at the tool/work material interface. Although the nano-platelets have a nano-thickness, they have a micro-sized diameter, which prevents the nano-platelets from penetrating through human skin and breathing through nose. This makes the great advantage in this approach compared to other nano-enhanced MQL processes. The milling experiment shows that the nano-platelets present in the MQL oil decreased flank wear and improved the tool life compared to traditional MQL with pure oil as well as dry machining. The presence of nano-platelets reduces the micro chipping and tool fracture caused by the effect of impact in interrupted machining.
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Rosenthal, Felix, Heiko Kubach, and Thomas Koch. "Pilot Injection of Reactive Fuels as Ignition Source in Natural Gas Engines With Lean Burn Concept." In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3589.
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Recent gas engines developments tend to use more excess air to reduce NOx emissions. Under these circumstances the ignition in a single cylinder research gas engine with micro pilot injection of highly ignitable fuels has been investigated. Three igniting fuels, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO), 2-ethoxyethyl ether (2-EEE) and a Diesel/2-ethylhexyl nitrate blend have been selected by a systematical assessment and their properties have been analyzed. These fuels have been evaluated concerning their aptitude as igniting fuels and compared with diesel as reference fuel. A higher ignitability of igniting fuel reduced the ignition delay of the injected fuel and enabled the diminution of the igniting fuel fraction. A significant share of NOx emissions have been attributed to the ignition injection, therefore micro pilot injection is necessary to reach emission targets. The micro pilot injection of 2-EEE as a highly ignitable fuel with the highest Cetane Number showed favorably low ignition delay. Depending on the selected fuel and the igniting fuel fraction, the combustion phasing can be controlled directly by the injection timing. In the last section, the results for pilot injection with 2-EEE as an igniting fuel have been compared with the results using a conventional spark plug. Advantages and disadvantages for both ignition systems have been identified at constant Air Fuel Ratio (AFR). A thermodynamical comparison with each ignition system has been performed to explain the different effects on combustion.