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1

Molina, Gómez Nidia Isabel. "Incidencia de la calidad el aire en el desarrollo urbano sostenible. Metodología de pronóstico basado en herramientas de aprendizaje automático." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/168398.

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[ES] La calidad del aire es un determinante de la salud y bienestar de las poblaciones; su mejora es parte de algunas metas de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) con la Agenda 2030. Al respecto, se han definido a nivel mundial protocolos, acuerdos, convenios y lineamientos de política para lograr avanzar en el cumplimiento de los ODS. Existen además reportes nacionales de avance en la implementación de metas específicas, según la agenda de cada país y en algunos casos en el ámbito de ciudad, cuyos indicadores pueden integrarse en las dimensiones más conocidas del desarrollo sostenible: la dimensión ambiental, la social y la económica. Existe información sobre el monitoreo del estado de la calidad de los recursos y de condiciones del territorio en diversos temas. Sin embargo, no en todos los territorios, en sus diferentes escalas espaciales, se realiza una continua evaluación de su desempeño sostenible y, además factores de deterioro ambiental como la contaminación del aire, son tratados como determinantes aislados con la generación de reportes de su comportamiento y el desarrollo de planes de monitoreo y de mitigación. Del mismo modo, para los diferentes temas que hacen parte de las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad, existen herramientas de modelación para evaluar el comportamiento de sus indicadores; sin embargo, no se cuenta con un instrumento que pronostique el nivel de avance en el desarrollo sostenible y además que identifique la influencia de la calidad del aire en su comportamiento. Las herramientas de aprendizaje automático pueden aportar en la respuesta a dicha situación, al ser instrumentos útiles en el pronóstico del comportamiento de un conjunto de datos. Por consiguiente, el objetivo central de este trabajo doctoral es establecer la incidencia de la calidad del aire sobre el desarrollo urbano sostenible, en sus dimensiones ambiental, social y económica, mediante el uso de herramientas de aprendizaje automático, como soporte para la toma de decisiones. Este objetivo involucra el diseño y ejecución de una metodología para identificar la influencia de indicadores en materia de calidad del aire, sobre el desarrollo urbano sostenible. Este trabajo doctoral se desarrolló como compendio de un conjunto de publicaciones que incluyen 1) la revisión del estado del arte para la identificación de las variables y parámetros que podrían calificar las dimensiones individuales del desempeño sostenible, 2) la evaluación del nivel de avance en el desarrollo sostenible de una zona urbana y el análisis estadístico de su desempeño sostenible según las variables analizadas; 3) la identificación, selección y aplicación de las herramientas de aprendizaje automático y por último 4) la identificación del grado de influencia de la calidad del aire en el pronóstico del nivel de sostenibilidad establecido. Para ello se hizo uso del software ArcGIS para el análisis espacial y del software de acceso libre R para los análisis estadísticos y la aplicación de las herramientas de aprendizaje automático. Esta investigación se realizó a partir de un estudio de caso en una localidad de la ciudad de Bogotá, en Colombia que es la capital del país, situada sobre una planicie altitudinal en la cordillera oriental y a 2625 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Bogotá es una de las ciudades más pobladas en América Latina y es una de las capitales mundiales que ha presentado altos niveles de contaminación por material particulado, siendo éste un factor de riesgo para su población. La metodología construida permite evaluar la influencia de la calidad del aire en el desarrollo urbano sostenible mediante herramientas de aprendizaje automático. Es aplicable a zonas urbanas y orienta el paso a paso para la determinación de los factores de mayor relevancia en cada una de las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad, constituyéndose en un instrumento de soporte para la toma de decisiones respecto a la implem
[CA] La qualitat de l'aire és un determinant de la salut i benestar de les poblacions; la seua millora és part d'algunes metes dels objectius de desenvolupament sostenible (ODS) amb l'Agenda 2030. Sobre aquest tema, s'han definit a nivell mundial protocols, acords, convenis i alineaments de política per a aconseguir avançar en el compliment dels ODS. Existeixen reportes nacionals d'avanç sobre la implementació de metes específiques, segons l'agenda de cada país i en alguns casos en l'àmbit de ciutat, els indicadors de la qual poden integrar-se en les dimensions més conegudes del desenvolupament sostenible: la dimensió ambiental, la social i l'econòmica. Existeix informació sobre el monitoratge de l'estat de la qualitat dels recursos i de les condicions del territori en diversos temes. No obstant això, no en tots els territoris, en les seues diferents escales espacials, es realitza contínua avaluació del seu acompliment sostenible i, a més a més, factors de deterioració ambiental com la contaminació de l'aire, són tractats com a determinants aïllats amb la generació de reportes del seu comportament i el desenvolupament de plans de monitoratge i de mitigació. De la mateixa manera, per als diferents temes que fan part de les dimensions de la sostenibilitat, existeixen eines de modelatge per a avaluar el comportament dels seus indicadors; no obstant això, no es compta amb un instrument que pronostique el nivell d'avanç en el desenvolupament sostenible i a més que identifique la influència de la qualitat de l'aire en el seu comportament. Les eines d'aprenentatge automàtic poden aportar en la resposta a aquesta situació, en ser instruments útils en el pronòstic del comportament d'un conjunt de dades. Per consegüent, l'objectiu central d'aquest treball doctoral és establir la incidència de la qualitat de l'aire sobre el desenvolupament urbà sostenible, en les seues dimensions ambiental, social i econòmica, mitjançant l'ús d'eines d'aprenentatge automàtic, com a suport per a la presa de decisions. Aquest objectiu involucra el disseny i execució d'una metodologia per a identificar la influència d'indicadors en matèria de qualitat de l'aire, sobre el desenvolupament urbà sostenible. Aquest treball doctoral es va desenvolupar com a compendi d'un conjunt de publicacions que inclouen 1) la revisió de l'estat de l'art per a la identificació de les variables i paràmetres que podrien qualificar les dimensions individuals de l'acompliment sostenible, 2) l'avaluació del nivell d'avanç en el desenvolupament sostenible d'una zona urbana i l'anàlisi estadística del seu acompliment sostenible segons les variables analitzades; 3) la identificació, selecció i aplicació de les eines d'aprenentatge automàtic i finalment 4) la identificació del grau d'influència de la qualitat de l'aire en el pronòstic del nivell de sostenibilitat establit. Per a això es va fer ús del programari ArcGIS per a l'anàlisi espacial i del programari d'accés lliure R per a les anàlisis estadístiques i l'aplicació de les eines d'aprenentatge automàtic. Aquesta investigació es va realitzar a partir d'un estudi de cas en una localitat de la ciutat de Bogotà, a Colòmbia que és la capital del país, situada sobre una planícia altitudinal en la serralada oriental i a 2625 metres sobre el nivell de la mar. Bogotà és una de les ciutats més poblades a Amèrica Llatina i és una de les capitals mundials que ha presentat alts nivells de contaminació per material particulat, sent aquest un factor de risc per a la seua població. La metodologia construïda permet avaluar la influència de la qualitat de l'aire en el desenvolupament urbà sostenible mitjançant l'ús d'eines d'aprenentatge automàtic. És aplicable a zones urbanes i orienta el pas a pas per a la determinació dels factors de major rellevància en cadascuna de les dimensions de la sostenibilitat, constituint-se en un instrument de suport per a la presa d
[EN] Air quality is a determinant to the health and well-being of populations; its improvement is part of some of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the 2030 Agenda. In this regard, protocols, agreements, pacts, and policy guidelines have been defined worldwide to progress in the SDGs' achievement. Additionally, there are national progress reports on reaching specific goals, based on each country's agenda. In certain cases, these include city-level reports, whose indicators, both at the national and city levels, can be integrated into the central and best-known dimensions of sustainable development, namely the environmental, social, and economic dimensions. There is information concerning the monitoring of the state of resource quality and territorial conditions in various areas. However, not all territories in their different spatial scales are continuously evaluated for their sustainable performance. Moreover, environmental deterioration factors such as air pollution are handled as isolated determinants with reports generated on their behavior, in addition to developing monitoring and mitigation plans. Likewise, there are modeling tools to evaluate the behavior of different components that are part of the dimensions of sustainability. However, there is no instrument that forecasts the level of progress in sustainable development that also identifies the influence of air quality on its behavior. Machine learning tools can contribute to responding to this situation, as they are able to predict the behavior of a data set. Therefore, the primary objective of this doctoral work is to establish the incidence of air quality on urban sustainable development, in its environmental, social, and economic dimensions, through the use of machine learning tools to support decision-making. This objective entails designing and implementing a methodology to identify the influence of air quality indicators on urban sustainable development. This doctoral thesis was developed as a compendium of a set of publications which include: 1) the review of the state of the art for identifying variables and parameters that could qualify the individual dimensions of sustainable performance; 2) the evaluation of the level of progress of the sustainable development of an urban area, and the statistical analysis of its sustainable performance based on the variables analyzed; 3) the identification, selection, and use of machine learning tools, and lastly 4) the identification of the influence of air quality on the prediction of the established sustainability level. The ArcGIS program was used for the spatial analysis, and the free-access software R for the statistical analysis, and the use of the machine learning tools. This research was performed based on a case study of a locality in the capital of Colombia; Bogotá, which is located on an altitudinal plain in the eastern mountain range at 2625 meters above sea level. Bogotá is one of the most populated cities in Latin America and is one of the world capitals with the highest levels of air pollution from particulate matter, which is a risk factor for its population. The methodology developed enables evaluating the influence of air quality on urban sustainable development with machine learning tools. This methodology is valid in urban areas, and through a step-by-step approach, determines the most relevant factors for each sustainability dimension. It has become a tool to support decision-making regarding the implementation and progress of the SDGs from the micro-territory level.
Molina Gómez, NI. (2021). Incidencia de la calidad el aire en el desarrollo urbano sostenible. Metodología de pronóstico basado en herramientas de aprendizaje automático [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168398
TESIS
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2

Rodas, Arango Isabel Cristina. "Las dinámicas urbanas en ocupaciones micro y los efectos de las prácticas de apropiación espacial. Caso de estudio Barrio José Carlos Mariátegui, Lima, Perú." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/16450.

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El proceso urbano en Lima ha experimentado un crecimiento desordenado, caracterizado en gran medida por la autoconstrucción que se ha afianzado a través de las décadas como la principal forma de construir ciudad. Esta dinámica, que ocurre al margen del Estado y ocupa zonas de difícil acceso o valor urbano residual, surge a mediados del siglo XX hasta consolidarse finalmente como una forma dominante de urbanización. Un hecho que parece caracterizar esta forma de urbanización en los últimos años es la escala micro en que ocurre. Al tratarse de Asentamientos Humanos formados por algunos centenares de familias o inclusive mucho menos, se incrementa la fragmentación territorial, la cual desemboca en una mayor dificultad de acceso de los habitantes a la infraestructura y servicios de la ciudad. Es en este contexto, la presente investigación se interesa por conocer aquellas prácticas que pueden contribuir a mitigar la fragmentación existente en la ocupación del territorio. La base del análisis ha sido la identificación y registro de la experiencia del mapeo comunitario y su impacto desde la dimensión territorial, política, social y temporal en el caso del barrio José Carlos Mariátegui. Esta herramienta de apropiación socio espacial sirve como instrumento de diagnóstico e identificación territorial para la población y ofrece condiciones de soporte para promover proyectos urbanos a escala micro en busca de la consolidación urbana. En los resultados obtenidos, resalta cómo las dinámicas urbanas que ocurren alrededor de la aplicación de esta herramienta contribuyen a la construcción de lazos de solidaridad y empoderamiento de la población, mediante el reconocimiento de un territorio común que trasciende la microescala del asentamiento humano. No obstante, no logra mejorar las condiciones que regulan las relaciones socio políticas y temporales en función de la planeación y en cierto modo, terminan fertilizando las relaciones clientelistas y populistas con el Estado en materia de desarrollo urbano.
Trabajo de investigación
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3

Gabellini, Cristian. "La viticoltura a piede franco nel territorio ferrarese." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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L’avvento dell’insetto fitofago Fillossera, dapprima in Francia e poi nel resto dell’Europa e del mondo, attraverso barbatelle infette provenienti dagli Stati Uniti, ha mutato irrimediabilmente l’intero settore vitivinicolo. Prima dell’arrivo di questo patogeno la vite europea si sviluppava franca di piede, ovvero sulle proprie radici originarie, mentre oggi la stragrande maggioranza della viticoltura si fonda sulla pratica dell’innesto, che prevede l’unione del nesto, rappresentato dalle varietà europee di Vitis vinifera, su un portinnesto di origine americana. Quest’ultimo, infatti, poiché tollerante all’insetto, rappresenta l’unico rimedio totalmente efficace alla Fillossera. In questo contesto la viticoltura a piede franco risulta un’attività unica ed esclusiva, realizzabile solo in alcuni singolari areali che godono di particolari condizioni pedoclimatiche, come, in Italia, la fascia costiera della provincia di Ferrara. La seguente tesi offre un inquadramento generale sulla fillossera, sulla sua diffusione, sui mezzi di lotta impiegati per contrastarla e sulla sua ricomparsa, per poi concentrarsi sull’analisi del territorio ferrarese, individuando le peculiarità che lo rendono idoneo alla coltivazione delle viti franche di piede. A tal proposito, a seguito di un’intervista personalmente condotta ai proprietari di due aziende della zona ferrarese con esperienza di coltivazione di viti a piede franco (Azienda Agricola Mirco Mariotti e Azienda Agricola Corte Madonnina), vengono anche approfondite le dinamiche aziendali nella conduzione di viti non innestate, rispetto a quelle innestate. Grazie all’esperienza diretta dei due produttori, le considerazioni spaziano dall’ambito gestionale a quello commerciale, ponendo le basi per realizzare, per quanto possibile, un confronto tra le due tipologie di coltivazione, individuandone eventuali differenze, che interessano sia le proprietà vegeto-produttive delle viti che sensoriali dei vini che da esse derivano.
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MESQUITA, Maria Elisabeth Alves. "Moto Clubes de Goiânia - GO: Formadores de territórios e territorialidades urbanas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1864.

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The goal of this research is to analyze urban groups called motor clubs, from Goiânia, capital of the State of Goiás, considering the time perspective between 1980 and 2008, choosing as the beginning, the decade of 1980s, because this period was the formation of the motor clubs in Goiânia. These groups are composed, mainly, by males, and they have the motorcycle as the common good, not as a vehicle itself, but as a symbol of ideology of the group, which refers to the lovers of freedom, adventure, brotherhood, fraternity and extension of youth. In order to broaden the view to this subject, this research was based on the theory of the current individualism and tribalism as well as the underground culture and the current urban tribe issues. This work related the motor clubs to other young urban gangs and the power of the moving pictures media, being the provider of this lifestyle. The main objective of this research, and focusing on the Geographic view, is to indicate, survey, locate, characterize and to show the boundaries of the spaces formed by these groups formed in the urban, during the period of research, as well as, we could even dare to differentiate them and create a new category of fixed, casual and micro territories. And analyzing the vast and complex symbolic field, it is shown a discussion about urban territorialities by these social agents, members of the motor clubs. They can create physical, material barriers, frontiers within a symbolic base, and are able to modify the accesses to people with the people who don t belong to that area. The methodology of this research consists of 60 (sixty) questionnaires, 20 (twenty) informal interviews semi-structured and visits to motor club places, motor bars, video arcades and motorcycle events.
Pretende-se neste trabalho analisar os grupos urbanos denominados de moto clubes da cidade de Goiânia, capital do Estado de Goiás. Para isso, utiliza-se o recorte temporal de 1980 a 2008, período que engloba desde a formação dos primeiros moto clubes de Goiânia ao ano de conclusão da pesquisa. Esses grupos são formados, em sua maioria, pelo gênero masculino, possuem como bem comum a motocicleta, contudo não como um mero veículo e sim um símbolo de ideologia grupal, que remete a ideários de liberdade, aventura, irmandade, fraternidade e extensão da juventude. Na tentativa de ampliar a visão sobre tal assunto, utilizaram-se as bases conceituais do individualismo e do tribalismo contemporâneo, percorrendo também os movimentos de contracultura e subcultura, assim como as recentes discussões acerca de tribos urbanas. Relacionaram-se os moto clubes com outros grupos juvenis urbanos e a força da mídia cinematográfica como propagadora desse modo de vida. A partir do levantamento de caracterização e espacialização dos territórios por eles formados no urbano nesse período pesquisado, os diferenciamos e espacializamos em seus territórios fixos, territórios eventuais e micro territórios. Ao analisar o seu vasto e complexo campo simbólico, entrou-se na discussão de territorialidades urbanas também formadas por esses atores sociais, os membros dos moto clubes. Destacam-se aí as fronteiras com bases simbólicas, físicas, materiais que são capazes de influenciar os acessos de pessoas que são ou não do pedaço . Como estratégia metodológica foram aplicados 60 (sessenta) questionários, 20 (vinte) entrevistas do tipo aberta semi-estrutura e ainda visitas a campo em sedes de moto clubes, moto bares, locadoras de vídeo e em eventos motociclísticos.
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Matykevicz, Roselaine. "Desenvolvimento Territorial e gestao participativa: o caso do Projeto Microbacias 2, em três Barras/Sc." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2007. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/495.

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The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the process of participative management of the Project Micro Basins 2 implanted in two micro basins in the county of Três Barras/SC.This project is based on the tripod includes economic, environmental and social aims, it also presents strategies of actions which praises the development of a participative process. It is tried to understand the increasingly interest in the valorization of the participative element recording its relationship with the tendency, today, of approaching the territorial development. The same way, it has been tried to get previous experiences, which have influence in the present position of the Project. Hence, there is evidence that the strategy of action of the Project Micro Basin 2, is based on an innovative proposal for the reality studied, and that this process presents, at the same time, positive aspects which register the emphasis of the participative management and limiting appearances manly for not assume a territorial approach of the development. The opening of participative spaces, the boosted pedagogic feasibility, the possibility to accept more the local priorities, the insertion of new social behaviour characterize themselves as positive factors. On the other hand the incompatibility between the Project proposal and the local historical and social aspects, the adoption of hydrographic basins as a unit of operation and the record of operational problems have appeared to be the main problems of the process. It is , then, asked if the participative management proposal taken by the Project Micro Basins 2 is an authentic participation. So evidently, the studied case, for not presenting the participation and the autonomy desired, it consists more precisely in a process of pseudo participation.
O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o processo de gestão participativa do Projeto Microbacias 2 implantado em duas microbacias do município de Três Barras/SC. Este Projeto é fundamentado em um tripé que abrange objetivos sociais, econômicos e ambientais, além de apresentar uma estratégia de ação que preconiza o desenvolvimento de um processo participativo. Busca-se entender o crescente interesse pela valorização do elemento participação registrando o relacionamento deste com a emergência atual pela abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento. Da mesma forma, procura-se resgatar experiências anteriores que exerceram influência no presente posicionamento do Projeto. A partir de então, constatase que a estratégia de ação do Projeto Microbacias 2 configura-se em uma proposta inovadora para a realidade estudada e que este processo apresenta ao mesmo tempo aspectos positivos, que registram a ênfase da gestão participativa, e aspectos limitantes, principalmente por não assumir uma abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento. A abertura de espaços participativos, a viabilização pedagógica impulsionada, a possibilidade de acatar mais fielmente as prioridades locais, e a inserção de novos comportamentos sociais caracterizam-se como fatores positivos. Por outro lado, a incompatibilidade entre a proposta do Projeto e os aspectos históricos e econômicos locais, a adoção da microbacia hidrográfica como unidade de operacionalização, e o registro de problemas operacionais mostram-se como os principais limitantes do processo. Questiona-se então, se a proposta de gestão participativa assumida pelo Projeto Microbacias 2 se configura no que se considera como participação autêntica. E evidencia-se assim, que o caso estudado, por não apresentar a participação e a autonomia almejada consiste mais precisamente em um processo de pseudoparticipação.
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Silva, Diago Marenilson Oliveira Batista da. "Desenvolvimento espacial paraibano e suas implica??es na forma??o territorial." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ECONOMIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24277.

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O presente trabalho busca o entendimento sobre as transforma??es ocorridas em determinados locais, e ? nesse contexto que se insere o tema abordado. Nele, vamos buscar compreender e conhecer a respeito do desenvolvimento das regi?es paraibanas, bem como, demonstrar o panorama atual do desenvolvimento do estado. Esse estudo apresentar? o processo de desenvolvimento regional, condicionado pelo aspecto da evolu??o do desenvolvimento das regi?es e este processo ser? representado atrav?s da mensura??o do desenvolvimento pelos ?ndices de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) e de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS), al?m de outros indicadores socioecon?micos que contemplam de certa forma os elementos essenciais para o desenvolvimento regional. O trabalho apresenta uma perspectiva hist?rica da forma??o econ?mica da Para?ba, os elementos que comp?em as teorias de crescimento e desenvolvimento e sobre a teoria de polos de desenvolvimento. Para apresenta??o dos ?ndices de desenvolvimento e vulnerabilidade, optou-se por construir uma matriz de peso espacial, dando possibilidade a obten??o das estat?sticas I de Moran, Diagrama de Dispers?o de Moran e os Indicadores Locais de Associa??o Espacial (LISA). A discuss?o do desenvolvimento foi baseada principalmente na an?lise do LISA. Para elabora??o do trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica e documental, de car?ter explorat?rio. Como resultado observou-se, uma evolu??o no desempenho dos indicadores gerais da Para?ba, e uma concentra??o do desenvolvimento nas cidades ?polos?, principalmente na regi?o de Jo?o Pessoa. Por isso, destaca-se a necessidade da implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas para o desenvolvimento do estado, que se encontra em um papel de coadjuvante no cen?rio nacional e regional, apresentando um alto ?ndice de concentra??o na microrregi?o de Jo?o Pessoa. Desenvolver o Estado, n?o ? s? pensar em alternativas de conviv?ncias com os efeitos naturais, mas consiste acima de tudo em tra?ar meios e pol?ticas de interliga??o econ?mica entre todas as regi?es, buscando otimizar todas as suas potencialidades, afim de alcan?ar um desenvolvimento mais harm?nico entre as regi?es que comp?em um determinado estado da federa??o.
This work seeks to understand the transformations occurring in certain places, and it is in this context that the theme addressed in the work is inserted, which will seek to understand and know about the development of the regions of Paraiba, as well as showing the current panorama of the development of the State. The work will present the regional development process, con-ditioned by the developmental aspects of the development of the regions and this process will be represented by measuring the development by the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM), as well as by the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS) and Of other socio-economic indi-cators that in some way contemplate the essential elements of regional development. The paper presents a historical perspective of the economic formation of Para?ba, the elements that com-pose the theories of growth and development and the theory of poles of development. In order to present the indices of development and vulnerability, it was decided to construct a spatial weight matrix, giving the possibility of obtaining the static I de Moran, Moran Dispersion Dia-gram and Local Spatial Association Indicators (LISA). The development discussion was mainly based on the LISA analysis. For the elaboration of the work, a bibliographical and documentary research was carried out, of an exploratory nature. As a result, there was an evolution in the performance of Para?ba's general indicators, as well as a concentration of development in the "polo" cities, mainly in the region of Jo?o Pessoa. Therefore, it is necessary to implement public policies for the development of the State, which is in a supporting role in the national and re-gional scenario, in addition to that, the State presents a high concentration index in the micro-region of Jo?o Pessoa. To develop the State, it is not only a question of alternatives to coexist-ence with natural effects, but above all it is to draw up means and policies of economic inter-connection between all regions, seeking to optimize all the potential of the State, in order to achieve a more harmonious development between Regions that make up a particular state of the federation.
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Diniz, Gustavo Figueiredo Campolina. "Ind?stria mineira : mudan?as estruturais e aglomera??es territoriais." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3881.

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Este trabalho avalia o processo hist?rico de origem e especializa??o produtiva em Minas Gerais, que se iniciou em 1920, a expans?o do setor sider?rgico, bem como, o processo de especializa??o produtiva da ind?stria de Minas Gerais, e a predomin?ncia da ind?stria qu?mica e metal?rgica a partir dos anos 70. Em seq??ncia, ocorre a an?lise sobre a altera??o da estrutura produtiva de Minas Gerais, acompanhada da distribui??o regional da ind?stria e da configura??o da Economia Mineira no s?culo XXI. Finalmente, a avalia??o sobre as Novas Aglomera??es Produtivas em Minas Gerais, e a transi??o ao longo do per?odo 1990 2007, em que ? aplicada a metodologia proposta por Crocco et all. (2003). Finalmente obt?m-se o ?ndice de concentra??o normalizado para os sub-setores da ind?stria de transforma??o, com o intuito de averiguar se a disposi??o espacial da ind?stria mineira apresentou um padr?o disperso ou linear, entre 1990 2007.
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Zapata, Isabel. "Accesibilidad y poblamiento : orientaciones estratégicas para el ordenamiento territorial : caso estudio micro región sur de la XI región Aysén : provincia de Capitán Prat." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115922.

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Brasil, Luiz Augusto Damasceno. "Caracter??sticas socioecon??mico-demogr??ficas dos educandos do Plano Territorial de Qualifica????o do Distrito Federal no ano de 2007." Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, 2016. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2014.

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This research analyzes the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of enrolled students, graduates and evaders of social and professional training courses offered by the Territorial Qualification Plan (PlanTeQ) of the Federal District in 2007 under the aegis of the National Qualification Plan - PNQ, which was established by Resolution No. 333 of July 10, 2003, the Deliberative Council of the Fund for Workers (CODEFAT). This is an exploratory and descriptive study of aggregate data, having a quantitative approach and document analysis and data collection and methodological procedures. The study comes from the lack of information and knowledge of the students subjected to this initiative of governments at the federal and district level, performed in the first decade of this century for skilled workers, proclaimed as intended for social and professional inclusion. After the data analysis, the results demonstrated that the research objectives were fully achieved, which allowed even trace to present the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of a student enrolled in the Federal District in a PlanTeQ qualification course in year as regards the study.
Esta pesquisa analisou as caracter??sticas socioecon??mico-demogr??ficas dos educandos inscritos, concluintes e evasores dos cursos de qualifica????o social e profissional oferecidos pelo Plano Territorial de Qualifica????o (PlanTeQ) do Distrito Federal no ano de 2007, sob a ??gide do Plano Nacional de Qualifica????o ??? PNQ, que foi institu??do pela Resolu????o n?? 333, de 10 de julho de 2003, do Conselho Deliberativo do Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador (CODEFAT). Tratase de uma pesquisa explorat??ria e descritiva de dados agregados, possuindo uma abordagem quantitativa, tendo a an??lise documental e o levantamento de dados como procedimentos metodol??gicos. O estudo nasce da car??ncia de informa????es e conhecimentos sobre os educandos submetidos a esta iniciativa de governos em n??vel federal e distrital, executada na primeira d??cada do s??culo XXI para qualifica????o de trabalhadores, proclamada como destinada ?? inclus??o social e profissional. Ap??s a an??lise de dados os resultados permitiram constatar que os objetivos da pesquisa foram plenamente alcan??ados, o que possibilitou at?? mesmo tra??ar para o momento presente as caracter??sticas socioecon??mico-demogr??ficas de um educando inscrito no Distrito Federal em um curso de qualifica????o do PlanTeQ no ano a que se refere o estudo.
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Clemente, Evandro César [UNESP]. "O Programa de Microbacias no contexto do desenvolvimento rural da região de Jales-SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105081.

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A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar a atuação do Programa de Microbacias Hidrográficas no contexto do desenvolvimento rural da região de Jales. A referida região apresenta estrutura fundiária desconcentrada, predomínio do trabalho familiar e a policultura, com destaque para a fruticultura e a pecuária leiteira. O aprofundamento do processo de globalização, o avanço do neoliberalismo e a crise fiscal do Estado brasileiro ocorridos no último quartel do século XX constituem alguns fatores responsáveis pela mudança nas políticas públicas direcionadas ao campo. O esgotamento do paradigma desenvolvimentista, que concentrou renda e degradou o meio ambiente, cedeu lugar a perspectiva do desenvolvimento territorial que visa combater a pobreza e cuidar do meio ambiente através do estímulo à participação, à descentralização administrativa, ao fomento das atividades rurais não-agrícolas, de modo a dinamizar os espaços rurais. Tais políticas devem ser valorizadas e aprimoradas por priorizarem os pequenos proprietários rurais, que tradicionalmente foram marginalizados. Sob tal formato, no âmbito federal foi criado o PRONAF e uma série de políticas vinculadas ao MDA, como os Territórios da Cidadania, e no âmbito estadual tem tido destaque o Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas (PEMH)...
The most important goal of this research is to analyze the performance of the Micro Watershed Program in the context of rural development in the region of Jales. That region presents concentrated land structure, predominance of family labor and poly culture, with emphasis on fruit culture and dairy cattle. The deepening of the globalization process, the advance of neo liberalism and the fiscal crisis of the Brazilian state occurred during the last quarter of the 20th century are some factors that are responsible for the changes in the public policies directed to the field. The exhaustion of the developmental paradigm, which has concentrated finance and degraded the environment, gave place to the territorial development perspective. That perspective has the purpose of fighting against poverty and to take care of the environment by encouraging the participation, the administrative decentralization and by promoting rural non-farm activities. So, it will make the rural areas more dynamic. Those politics should be valued and improved because they prioritize the small farmers who were traditionally marginalized. Thus, the national government created the PRONAF and many other political actions related to MDA, such as The Citizenship Territories, and the Micro Watershed Program (PEMH)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Clemente, Evandro César. "O Programa de Microbacias no contexto do desenvolvimento rural da região de Jales-SP /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105081.

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Orientador: Antonio Nivaldo Hespanhol
Banca: Antonio César Leal
Banca: Paulo Fernando Cirino Mourão
Banca: Eliseu Savério Spósito
Banca: Sedeval Nardoque.
Resumo: A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar a atuação do Programa de Microbacias Hidrográficas no contexto do desenvolvimento rural da região de Jales. A referida região apresenta estrutura fundiária desconcentrada, predomínio do trabalho familiar e a policultura, com destaque para a fruticultura e a pecuária leiteira. O aprofundamento do processo de globalização, o avanço do neoliberalismo e a crise fiscal do Estado brasileiro ocorridos no último quartel do século XX constituem alguns fatores responsáveis pela mudança nas políticas públicas direcionadas ao campo. O esgotamento do paradigma desenvolvimentista, que concentrou renda e degradou o meio ambiente, cedeu lugar a perspectiva do desenvolvimento territorial que visa combater a pobreza e cuidar do meio ambiente através do estímulo à participação, à descentralização administrativa, ao fomento das atividades rurais não-agrícolas, de modo a dinamizar os espaços rurais. Tais políticas devem ser valorizadas e aprimoradas por priorizarem os pequenos proprietários rurais, que tradicionalmente foram marginalizados. Sob tal formato, no âmbito federal foi criado o PRONAF e uma série de políticas vinculadas ao MDA, como os Territórios da Cidadania, e no âmbito estadual tem tido destaque o Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas (PEMH)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The most important goal of this research is to analyze the performance of the Micro Watershed Program in the context of rural development in the region of Jales. That region presents concentrated land structure, predominance of family labor and poly culture, with emphasis on fruit culture and dairy cattle. The deepening of the globalization process, the advance of neo liberalism and the fiscal crisis of the Brazilian state occurred during the last quarter of the 20th century are some factors that are responsible for the changes in the public policies directed to the field. The exhaustion of the developmental paradigm, which has concentrated finance and degraded the environment, gave place to the territorial development perspective. That perspective has the purpose of fighting against poverty and to take care of the environment by encouraging the participation, the administrative decentralization and by promoting rural non-farm activities. So, it will make the rural areas more dynamic. Those politics should be valued and improved because they prioritize the small farmers who were traditionally marginalized. Thus, the national government created the PRONAF and many other political actions related to MDA, such as The Citizenship Territories, and the Micro Watershed Program (PEMH)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Delemarle, Aurélie. "Les leviers de l'action de l'entrepreneur institutionnel : le cas des micro et nanotechnologies et du pôle de Grenoble." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00154350.

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La thèse s'intéresse à l'action d'un entrepreneur institutionnel dans la reconfiguration du pôle grenoblois en micro et nanotechnologies. La phase d'émergence est plus spécifiquement au coeur de la recherche. Le processus de constitution de ce qui est assimilé à une institution est suivi pas à pas en mêlant des approches de types sociologiques et anthropologiques à la gestion.Les contributions à la théorie de l'entrepreneur institutionnel se focalisent sur (1) le processus de mobilisation des soutiens qui s'effectue par et pour des audiences extérieures, (2) la fabrication, la standardisation, la réplication et la diffusion du discours visant à créer l‘institution par la mise en place d'une entreprise spécifique, (3) le processus narractif mis en oeuvre assurant, aux moyens de tests, la constitution progressive de l'institution. L'attention est également portée à la nécessité, face à l'utilisation croissante des NTIC, de développer des méthodes originales de suivi des processus.
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Plumecocq, Gaël. "Les règles, normes et conventions de développement durable dans la coordination des politiques publiques locales : Le cas de la région Nord – Pas de Calais." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100153/document.

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Depuis une trentaine d’années, le développement durable s’est imposé comme un référentiel dans l’action, tant privée que publique. L’exigence qu’il pose de mettre en cohérence des normes globales avec des pratiques localisées, engage la question de la coopération territoriale. Ainsi, nous tentons de voir en quoi la mise en application de stratégies de développement durable par certaines collectivités territoriales de la région Nord – de Pas de Calais, permet un meilleur traitement du problème de l’articulation micro-macro des décisions. La mobilisation de la grille de lecture des « Économies de la Grandeur » permet de montrer que cette mise en cohérence résulte du partage de représentations sur le sens d’une notion dont les approches sont très diverses. À cet égard, l’existence d’une convention de développement durable apparaît comme le signe d’un traitement adapté de l’articulation micro-macro. À partir d’analyses des discours d’une trentaine d’acteurs locaux, nous avons dégagé trois principaux résultats. 1/. Il n’existe pas de grandeur morale de la durabilité, dotée d’une légitimité propre, capable de susciter l’adhésion des individus à une action collective en faveur du développement durable. 2/. La formation d’un cadre de représentations communes émerge de la pratique des acteurs. Cette convention pragmatique prend appui sur diverses critiques du compromis du service public français. Elle élargit ainsi les grandeurs industrielle (écoefficacité) et civique (solidarité territoriale, intergénérationnelle…), à partir d’éléments propre à la cité domestique (identité territoriale). 3/. Cette convention se trouve configurée dans une nouvelle gouvernance par projets qui assure l’existence d’espace ponctuels de coopération territoriale
For the last thirty years, sustainable development has become a reference for action that private or public decision-makers cannot ignore. Bringing forward issues of territorial cooperation, this notion emphasizes the consistency between global norms and local practices. Therefore, we assume that the implementation of sustainable development strategies in the territorial communities of the Nord – Pas de Calais Region could improve the understanding of the micro-macro decisions articulation. Using the “Economies of Worth” framework, we show that micro-macro consistency of the decisions comes from cognitive representations that are shared by the communities. This seems uneasy to set-up given the large diversity of the approaches of sustainable development. The existence of a “convention”, in the French “Economics of Conventions” sense, would mean that the problem has been properly considered by the territorial actors. Three main conclusions can be drawn from their speeches analysis. 1/. Sustainable development does not rely on a moral worth that would have a legitimate foundation on its own, enabling individual commitment to sustainable development collective actions. 2/. The shaping of collective representations, shared by the actors, rises from their sustainable development practices. This pragmatic convention relies on various criticisms of the “compromise” of the French public service. Therefore, it widens the industrial worth (eco-efficiency) and the civic worth (territorial and intergenerational solidarity), using elements from the domestic polity. 3/. This convention is set-up in a governance of public actions based on sustainable development projects, ensuring the local existence of cooperation spaces
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Borges, Isabel Caldas. "O complexo econ?mico-industrial da sa?de (CEIS) no Brasil: padr?o de distribui??o territorial e caracter?sticas s?cio-profissionais - potencialidades e desafios (1994-2012)." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ECONOMIA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21721.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo analisa o sistema de sa?de no Brasil a partir da no??o de Complexo Econ?mico-Industrial da Sa?de (CEIS). O objetivo central ? caracterizar o CEIS e, neste particular, enfatizar a distribui??o territorial dos estabelecimentos e dos empregos, no per?odo 1994-2012. A hip?tese de pesquisa ? que, independentemente do Subsistema analisado (I - Ind?stria qu?mica e biotecnologia; II - Ind?stria mec?nica, eletr?nica e de materiais; e, III - Servi?os de sa?de), a distribui??o territorial do CEIS no Brasil mostra-se concentrada tanto inter-regionalmente (?nfase sobre o Sudeste), quanto intrarregionalmente (na Bahia, em Pernambuco e no Cear?). Quanto ?s caracter?sticas s?cio-profissionais comparadas, a hip?tese ? que estas se mostram em desfavor para o Nordeste e Rio Grande do Norte. A metodologia do estudo inclui uma revis?o bibliogr?fica situando o CEIS num ambiente de transforma??es mundiais (reestrutura??o, globaliza??o e financeiriza??o), bem como no contexto nacional de altera??o do papel do setor p?blico e privado neste complexo. Al?m disso, o trabalho realiza um estudo quanti-qualitativo tendo por base a Rela??o Anual de Informa??es Sociais (RAIS), publicada pelo Minist?rio do Trabalho e do Emprego (MTE). Os resultados obtidos confirmam a hip?tese de pesquisa, pois a despeito de ind?cios de ?novas? movimenta??es na distribui??o territorial e no perfil s?cio-profissional, a concentra??o dos estabelecimentos e empregos do CEIS na regi?o Sudeste ? mantida; os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco e Cear? mant?m suas posi??es de destaque regionalmente; e, a remunera??o m?dia dos profissionais do CEIS no Nordeste segue inferior ? m?dia nacional, sendo isto particularmente verdadeiro para o Rio Grande do Norte.
This study examines the health system in Brazil from the notion of Economic and Industrial Health Complex (CEIS). The main objective is to characterize the CEIS and in this particular, emphasize the territorial distribution of establishments and jobs in the period 1994-2012. The research hypothesis is that regardless of the reporting subsystem (I - Chemical industry and biotechnology II - Mechanical engineering, electronics and materials; and III - Health services), territorial distribution of CEIS in Brazil shows up concentrated both inter-regionally (emphasis on the Southeast), as intrarregionalmente (Bahia, Pernambuco and Cear?). As for the socio-professional characteristics compared, the hypothesis is that these are shown in disfavor for the Northeast and Rio Grande do Norte. The study methodology includes a literature review placing the CEIS in an environment of global changes (restructuring, globalization and financialization), as well as in the national context of changing role of public and private sector in this complex. In addition, the work makes a quantitative and qualitative study based on the Annual Social Information (RAIS), published by the Ministry of Labour and Employment (MTE). The results confirm that the states of Bahia , Pernambuco and Cear? retain their prominent positions regionally ; and the average remuneration of CEIS professionals in the Northeast follows below the national average , and this is particularly true for the Rio Grande do Norte.
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Nascimento, Sergio Roberto Vital do. "Geoprocessamento aplicado a gest?o de informa??es territoriais do munic?pio de Grossos-RN :estudo multitemporal do uso e ocupa??o do solo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16787.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The present work was carried through in the Grossos city - RN and had as main objectives the elaboration of an physicist-ambient, socioeconomic survey and execution a multisecular evaluation of 11 years, between 1986 and 1996, using remote sensing products, to evaluate the modifications of the land use, aiming at the generation of an information database to implementation a geographical information system (GIS) to management the this city. For they had been in such a way raised given referring the two Demographic Censuses carried through by the IBGE (1991 and 2000) and compared, of this form was possible to the accomplishment of an evaluation on the demographic aspects (degree of urbanization, et?ria structure, educational level) and economic (income, habitation, vulnerability, human development). For the ambient physical survey the maps of the natural resources had been confectioned (simplified geology, hydrography, geomorphologi, veget covering, ground association, use and occupation), based in comments of field and orbital products of remote sensoriamento (images Spot-HRVIR, Landsat 5-TM and IKONOS - II), using itself of techniques of digital picture processing. The survey of these data and important in the identification of the potentialities and fragilities of found ecosystems, therefore allows an adequate planning of the partner-economic development by means of an efficient management. The project was part of a partnership between the Grossos city hall the municipal City hall of Grossos - RN and the Geoscience post-graduate program of the UFRN, more specifically the Geomatica laboratory LAGEOMA
O presente trabalho foi realizado no Munic?pio de Grossos RN e teve como principais objetivos ? elabora??o de um levantamento s?cio-econ?mico, f?sico-ambiental e execu??o uma avalia??o multitemporal de 11 anos, entre o per?odo de 1986 e 1996, utilizando-se de produtos de sensores orbitais, para avaliar as modifica??es ocorridas na utiliza??o e ocupa??o do solo, visando a gera??o de uma base informacional para implementa??o de um Sistema de Informa??es Geogr?ficas (SIG) voltado para a gest?o ambiental do referido Munic?pio. Para tanto foram levantados dados referentes a dois Censos Demogr?ficos realizados pelo IBGE (1991 e 2000) e comparados, desta forma foi poss?vel ? realiza??o de uma avalia??o sobre os aspectos demogr?ficos (grau de urbaniza??o, estrutura et?ria, n?vel educacional) e econ?micos (renda, habita??o, vulnerabilidade, desenvolvimento humano). Para o levantamento f?sico ambiental foram confeccionados os mapas dos recursos naturais (geologia simplificada, hidrografia, geomorfologia, cobertura vegetal, associa??o de solos, uso e ocupa??o), baseados em observa??es de campo e produtos orbitais de sensoriamento remoto (imagens SPOT-HRVIR, Landsat 5-TM e IKONOS - II), utilizando-se de t?cnicas de processamento de imagens digitais. O levantamento destes dados e importante na identifica??o das potencialidades e fragilidades dos ecossistemas encontrados, pois permite um planejamento adequado do desenvolvimento s?cio-econ?mico por meio de um gerenciamento eficaz. O projeto fez parte de uma parceria entre a Prefeitura municipal de GrossosRN e o Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Geoci?ncias da UFRN, mais especificamente o Laborat?rio de Geom?tica LAGEOMA
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16

Marblé, Yvane. "Analyse de la contribution des systèmes laitiers au développement durable des territoires. Étude de deux micro territoires contrastés en Inde du Sud-est et à l’île de La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0021.

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Les enjeux globaux actuels autour de l’élevage laitier – et plus largement l’agriculture – tendent vers des systèmes productifs plus durables et qui participent au développement des territoires où ils s’inscrivent. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient i) de capturer les dynamiques des systèmes agricoles et leur diversité, avec un focus sur l’élevage laitier ; ii) de développer un cadre d’analyse de la contribution des systèmes d’élevage laitier identifiés à la durabilité des territoires dans lesquels ils s’inscrivent ; iii) de l’appliquer à deux situations contrastées : le territoire de Vinukonda (VM), dans l’état de l’Andhra Pradesh au sud-est de l’Inde et le territoire des Hauts de l’Île de la Réunion (RI), île française d’outremer située dans l’océan Indien. Le cadre d’analyse développé combine l’approche système agraire et une évaluation multicritère de la durabilité. L’approche système agraire i) a mis en lumière les dynamiques agricoles et plus particulièrement laitières des deux territoires d’étude, ii) a permis l’identification et la caractérisation des systèmes de production actuels, et iii) a amené à la définition des enjeux actuels des deux territoires d’étude. L’évaluation multicritère de la durabilité a été nourrie de l’approche système agraire pour la sélection d’indicateurs d’évaluation pertinents et pour l’unité d’évaluation primaire : le système de production. Cette évaluation a finalement traduit les enjeux de durabilité préalablement identifiés en scores explicites et comparables entre eux, à partir desquels il a été possible de proposer des leviers pour améliorer la contribution des systèmes de production laitiers étudiés au développement durable du territoire dans lequel ils s’inscrivent. Ainsi, l’élevage laitier contribuera plus au développement durable des territoires quand : les conditions de production telles que l’accès aux ressources fourragères seront sécurisées pour tous les producteurs, en particulier les plus démunis (VM) ; les niveaux de prix du lait permettront une rémunération du travail suffisante pour couvrir les besoins des ménages et pour investir dans du capital qui, en retour, permettra d’améliorer les conditions de production (VM, RI) ; les niveaux de prix du lait couplés à des politiques de développement territorial permettront aux producteurs laitiers de s’orienter vers des systèmes de production alternatifs, moins consommateurs d’intrants, créateurs de produits à haute valeur ajoutée et donc de richesse, et en lien direct avec les consommateurs (RI) ; les femmes, pourvoyeuses majoritaires de main d’œuvre dans l’élevage laitier, pourront gérer, à l’égal des hommes, les revenus tirés de cette production laitière (VM)
The current global challenges around dairy farming - and more broadly agriculture - tend towards more sustainable production systems that contribute to the development of territories in which they are embedded. The thesis objectives were i) to capture the dynamics of agricultural systems and their diversity, with a focus on dairy farming; ii) to develop a framework for analysing the contribution of identified dairy farming systems to their territories sustainability; iii) to apply it to two contrasting situations: the territory of Vinukonda (VM), in the state of Andhra Pradesh in Southeast India and the territory of Reunion Island highlands (RI), a French overseas island located in the Indian Ocean. The analytical framework developed combines the agrarian system approach and a multi-criteria sustainability assessment. The agrarian system approach i) highlighted the agricultural and more particularly dairy dynamics of the two study territories, ii) allowed the identification and characterisation of current production systems, and iii) led to the definition of the two study territories current issues. The multi-criteria sustainability assessment was based on the agrarian system approach for the selection of relevant evaluation indicators and for the primary evaluation unit: the production system. This evaluation finally translated the sustainability issues previously identified into explicit and comparable scores. From it, it was possible to propose levers to improve the contribution of the studied dairy production systems to the sustainable development of the territory in which they are embedded. Hence, dairy farming will better contribute to the sustainable development of territories when: production conditions such as access to fodder resources will be secured for all producers, especially the poorest (VM); milk price levels will allow sufficient labour remuneration to cover household needs and to invest in capital which in turn will improve production conditions (VM, RI); milk price levels coupled with territorial development policies will enable dairy farmers to move towards alternative production systems that consume less inputs, create products with high added value and therefore wealth, and are directly linked to consumers (RI); women, who provide the majority of dairy farming workforce, will be able to manage – on an equal basis with men – the income derived from dairy production (VM)
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17

Obin, Olivier. "Territoires en construction : de la géographie sociale à l'acteur-réseau : une lecture des dynamiques sportives de nature dans les Grands Causses." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973203.

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Ce travail s'intéresse à la construction et à la reconfiguration des territoires ruraux. Pour cela, il propose une analyse des dynamiques sportives de nature observées autour du territoire dit des " Grands Causses ". Au départ de ce travail, nous retenons l'expression de " dynamique territoriale " pour qualifier l'objet de notre observation car elle permet de ne pas porter de regard a priori. Les Grands Causses sont parcourus, appropriés et marqués par les sportifs au travers de nombreux lieux de pratique, évènements ou prestations touristiques. Les sports de nature y sont aussi l'objet de politiques publiques et donnent lieux localement à différents projets, débats et conflits. La première partie de ce travail propose une lecture s'inscrivant dans une géographie sociale. Un premier terrain s'intéressant aux accords entre prestataires d'activités sportives et à leurs ancrages au territoire nous conduit à reformuler nos questionnements. Les relations partenariales, concurrentielles ou conflictuelles entre les différents entrepreneurs et les autres acteurs du territoire, ainsi que leurs ancrages locaux, se construisent avec des objets techniques, matériels ou immatériels. La seconde partie de la thèse s'intéresse à la construction collective des accords. La théorie de l'acteur réseau (ou sociologie de la traduction) est mobilisée pour détailler le processus d'intéressement. Trois situations sont observées. Elles concernent les débats autour de la gestion de sites de pratique et la fabrication d'un évènementiel innovant. Les résultats montrent que des réseaux sociotechniques se mettent en place autour de ces situations. Ceux-ci permettent l'enrôlement d'acteurs variés (collectivités, services de l'Etat, professionnels, associations...), endogènes et exogènes au territoire. Le processus d'intéressement donne lieu à la production de solutions collectives, lesquelles engagent souvent l'enrôlement de nouveaux artefacts. Ces instruments de l'action collective agissent lorsqu'ils sont mis en œuvre et débordent parfois des missions qui leur ont été confiées. Ces mouvements locaux mettent en jeu l'identité et la territorialité des acteurs engagés. Ils participent aussi à la production de repères territoriaux. Ainsi, nous observons que le territoire se construit avec ces débats localisés. La synthèse générale propose d'observer les dynamiques territoriales comme un écosystème d'acteurs territoriaux. Cette proposition souligne les relations d'interdépendance entre acteurs (humains et non-humains), endogènes et exogènes au territoire ainsi que la variété des modes de gouvernance associés. Ce travail enrichit l'approche classique de la géographie sociale en proposant une lecture de la composition progressive et toujours en cours des territoires.
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18

Hatt, Emeline. "Requalifier les stations touristiques contemporaines : une approche des espaces publics – Application à Gourette et Seignosse-Océan –." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683463.

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Face au constat du vieillissement des stations touristiques fordiennes créées ex nihilo, en France, dans les années 1960-1970, ce travail de doctorat en aménagement et urbanisme pose la question de leur requalification. Dans ce champ disciplinaire et professionnel, l'analyse de l'image urbaine des destinations touristiques n'a guère été traitée. L'échelle d'appréhension microterritoriale est privilégiée ici, afin de décrypter les modalités conjointes de leurs structurations et de leurs représentations. On a observé dans quelle mesure l'aménagement et la gestion des espaces publics participent à l'image et à la notoriété des destinations, tout en proposant un outil d'aide à la réflexion et à l'élaboration des projets de requalification. Dans ces stations " archipels ", coupées de l'habitat traditionnel existant, la faible proportion d'habitants permanents a conduit à donner la parole à des interlocuteurs qui en sont les destinataires essentiels : les " touristes ", généralement tenus à l'écart de l'exercice de concertation et de conception urbaine. À la croisée des recherches en urbanisme et en tourisme, l'intérêt s'est porté sur les représentations que ces habitants temporaires se font des espaces publics dans lesquels ils vivent et qu'ils font vivre en retour. Plus précisément, l'objectif de cette recherche consiste à révéler, par une enquête photographique, les marqueurs microterritoriaux identifiés par les touristes, sur lesquels les projets de requalification pourraient, le cas échéant, prendre appui. Axées sur la "libre" catégorisation de plus de cent trente images, ces enquêtes ont été menées à titre expérimental dans une station littorale (Seignosse-Océan) et une station de montagne (Gourette). Ces destinations sont abordées par une approche transversale pensant la réciproque entre leur conception (modalités de structuration urbaine) et leur réception (les représentations des touristes), afin de mieux saisir les enjeux de leur restructuration. Quels sont les lieux urbains emblématiques ? Comment envisager leur valorisation et leur mise en scène ? Quelle place accorder aux piétons dans ces stations qui ont laissé la part belle aux circulations motorisées ? Autant de questions qui ont émergé dans ce travail de recherche centré sur la caractérisation du vieillissement et l'identification des enjeux de requalification de ces destinations aujourd'hui cinquantenaires.
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19

Bahouka-Debat, Armand. "Appropriation et mise en oeuvre de l'intelligence et de la sécurité économique dans le contexte de l'économie congolaise : une plateforme expérientielle : la direction générale de l'économie." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629875.

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Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons la nécessité de l'appropriation de l'Intelligence Economique (IE) en tant que culture et mode de gouvernance alternatif capable d'aider un pays en développement à affronter les défis et enjeux triple. Ceux relatifs au sous-développement, au développement alternatif et à la mondialisation. S'approprier l'IE dans le contexte particulier de l'économie Congolaise pour en faire un mode de gouvernance au service du développement et de la coopétitivité renvoie ainsi à deux exigences. La première, consiste à revisiter l'IE afin de mettre en valeur ses avancées, révéler ses limites et l'enrichir d'une capacité de réponse adaptée aux besoins d'un pays en développement. La deuxième exigence consiste à analyser le champ d'appropriation de l'IE afin d'en identifier la nature, d'en dresser le profil et d'articuler ces éléments à ceux des moyens de l'IE dont la plasticité acquise permet désormais d'être adaptés à la contingence en examen. L'objectif est de proposer des moyens pertinents à la mise en œuvre efficiente de l'IE. La conceptualisation des modes opératoires d'intelligence et de sécurité économique (2S-MOISE) chevillé au dispositif stratégique et opératoire du développement (DS-OD), au " M'BONGUI " ainsi qu'au schéma d'analyse de dominance systémique nous permet de répondre à cette double exigence. L'usage de la démarche incrémentale via la transculturation nous permet par ailleurs de présenter les modalités concrètes du processus d'appropriation de l'IE grâce à l'action de la direction générale de l'économie (DGE), vectrice dudit processus tant au sein des instances nationales, qu'au niveau du système éducatif et dans la sphère entrepreneuriale. Une série de préconisations dont la définition d'éléments d'une politique publique d'IE, la mise en place d'un dispositif d'IE et d'un système d'information qui réponde aux besoins de gouvernance fonctionnelle, opérationnelle et stratégique ont été proposés.
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20

"Permanencias y transformaciones territoriales : la construcción histórica del territorio en la micro región de los valles interandinos de Cochabamba (Bolivia)." Université catholique de Louvain, 2008. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-10092008-113231/.

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