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Journal articles on the topic 'Micro-swimmer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 February 2024

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1

Avron, J. E., O. Kenneth, and D. H. Oaknin. "Pushmepullyou: an efficient micro-swimmer." New Journal of Physics 7 (November 18, 2005): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/234.

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2

ALOUGES, FRANÇOIS, ANTONIO DESIMONE, and LUCA HELTAI. "NUMERICAL STRATEGIES FOR STROKE OPTIMIZATION OF AXISYMMETRIC MICROSWIMMERS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 21, no. 02 (2011): 361–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202511005088.

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We propose a computational method to solve optimal swimming problems, based on the boundary integral formulation of the hydrodynamic interaction between swimmer and surrounding fluid and direct constrained minimization of the energy consumed by the swimmer. We apply our method to axisymmetric model examples. We consider a classical model swimmer (the three-sphere swimmer of Golestanian et al.) as well as a novel axisymmetric swimmer inspired by the observation of biological micro-organisms.

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3

Ishikawa, Takuji. "Stability of a Dumbbell Micro-Swimmer." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010033.

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A squirmer model achieves propulsion by generating surface squirming velocities. This model has been used to analyze the movement of micro-swimmers, such as microorganisms and Janus particles. Although squirmer motion has been widely investigated, motions of two connected squirmers, i.e., a dumbbell squirmer, remain to be clarified. The stable assembly of multiple micro-swimmers could be a key technology for future micromachine applications. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the swimming behavior and stability of a dumbbell squirmer. We first examined far-field stability through linear

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4

Ishikawa, Takuji, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Yohsuke Imai, Toshihiro Omori, and Daiki Matsunaga. "Deformation of a micro-torque swimmer." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2185 (2016): 20150604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0604.

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The membrane tension of some kinds of ciliates has been suggested to regulate upward and downward swimming velocities under gravity. Despite its biological importance, deformation and membrane tension of a ciliate have not been clarified fully. In this study, we numerically investigated the deformation of a ciliate swimming freely in a fluid otherwise at rest. The cell body was modelled as a capsule with a hyperelastic membrane enclosing a Newtonian fluid. Thrust forces due to the ciliary beat were modelled as torques distributed above the cell body. The effects of membrane elasticity, the asp

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5

Roper, Marcus, Rémi Dreyfus, Jean Baudry, Marc Fermigier, Jérôme Bibette, and Howard A. Stone. "Do magnetic micro-swimmers move like eukaryotic cells?" Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 464, no. 2092 (2008): 877–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.0285.

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Recent advances in micro-machining allow very small cargos, such as single red blood cells, to be moved by outfitting them with tails made of micrometre-sized paramagnetic particles yoked together by polymer bridges. When a time-varying magnetic field is applied to such a filament, it bends from side to side and propels itself through the fluid, dragging the load behind it. Here, experimental data and a mathematical model are presented showing the dependence of the swimming speed and direction of the magnetic micro-swimmer upon tunable parameters, such as the field strength and frequency and t

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6

Pimponi, D., M. Chinappi, P. Gualtieri, and C. M. Casciola. "Hydrodynamics of flagellated microswimmers near free-slip interfaces." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 789 (January 22, 2016): 514–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.738.

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The hydrodynamics of a flagellated micro-organism is investigated when swimming close to a planar free-slip surface by means of numerical solutions of the Stokes equations obtained via a boundary element method. Depending on the initial conditions, the swimmer can either escape from the free-slip surface or collide with the boundary. Interestingly, the micro-organism does not exhibit a stable orbit. Independently of escape or attraction to the interface, close to a free-slip surface, the swimmer follows a counter-clockwise trajectory, in agreement with experimental findings (Di Leonardo et al.

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7

Mathijssen, A. J. T. M., A. Doostmohammadi, J. M. Yeomans, and T. N. Shendruk. "Hydrodynamics of micro-swimmers in films." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 806 (September 29, 2016): 35–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.479.

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One of the principal mechanisms by which surfaces and interfaces affect microbial life is by perturbing the hydrodynamic flows generated by swimming. By summing a recursive series of image systems, we derive a numerically tractable approximation to the three-dimensional flow fields of a stokeslet (point force) within a viscous film between a parallel no-slip surface and a no-shear interface and, from this Green’s function, we compute the flows produced by a force- and torque-free micro-swimmer. We also extend the exact solution of Liron & Mochon (J. Engng Maths, vol. 10 (4), 1976, pp. 287–

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8

Yu, Shimin, Ningze Ma, Hao Yu, et al. "Self-Propelled Janus Microdimer Swimmers under a Rotating Magnetic Field." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (2019): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121672.

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Recent strides in micro- and nanofabrication technology have enabled researchers to design and develop new micro- and nanorobots for biomedicine and environmental monitoring. Due to its non-invasive remote actuation and convenient navigation abilities, magnetic propulsion has been widely used in micro- and nanoscale robotic systems. In this article, a highly efficient Janus microdimer swimmer propelled by a rotating uniform magnetic field was investigated experimentally and numerically. The velocity of the Janus microdimer swimmer can be modulated by adjusting the magnetic field frequency with

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9

Iima, M., and A. S. Mikhailov. "Propulsion hydrodynamics of a butterfly micro-swimmer." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 85, no. 4 (2009): 44001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/85/44001.

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10

KEAVENY, ERIC E., and MARTIN R. MAXEY. "Spiral swimming of an artificial micro-swimmer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 598 (February 25, 2008): 293–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009949.

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A device constructed from a filament of paramagnetic beads connected to a human red blood cell will swim when subject to an oscillating magnetic field. Bending waves propagate from the tip of the tail toward the red blood cell in a fashion analogous to flagellum beating, making the artificial swimmer a candidate for studying what has been referred to as ‘flexible oar’ micro-swimming. In this study, we demonstrate that under the influence of a rotating field the artificial swimmer will perform ‘corkscrew’-type swimming. We conduct numerical simulations of the swimmer where the paramagnetic tail

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11

Gallino, Giacomo, Lailai Zhu, and François Gallaire. "The Hydrodynamics of a Micro-Rocket Propelled by a Deformable Bubble." Fluids 4, no. 1 (2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4010048.

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We perform simulations to study the hydrodynamics of a conical-shaped swimming micro-robot that ejects catalytically produced bubbles from its inside. We underline the nontrivial dependency of the swimming velocity on the bubble deformability and on the geometry of the swimmer. We identify three distinct phases during the bubble evolution: immediately after nucleation the bubble is spherical and its inflation barely affects the swimming speed; then the bubble starts to deform due to the confinement gradient generating a force that propels the swimmer; while in the last phase, the bubble exits

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12

XU, YUAN-QING, FANG-BAO TIAN, XIAO-YING TANG, and YU-HUA PENG. "A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MICRO- AND NANO-SWIMMERS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, no. 06 (2013): 1340013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519413400137.

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In order to explore the kinetic characteristics of planktonic microorganisms and nanometer biological motors, a mathematical model is developed to estimate the hydrodynamic force in the migration of micro- and nano-swimmers by using the Laplace transformation and linear superposition. Based on the model, it is found that a micro- and nano-swimmer will enjoy a positive propulsive force by improving frequencies or generating traveling waves along its body if it is not time reversible. The results obtained in this study provide a physical insight into the behaviors of the micro- and nano-swimmer

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13

Mathijssen, A. J. T. M., D. O. Pushkin, and J. M. Yeomans. "Tracer trajectories and displacement due to a micro-swimmer near a surface." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 773 (May 27, 2015): 498–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.269.

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We study tracer particle transport due to flows created by a self-propelled micro-swimmer, such as a swimming bacterium, alga or a microscopic artificial swimmer. Recent theoretical work has shown that as a swimmer moves in the fluid bulk along an infinite straight path, tracer particles far from its path perform closed loops, whereas those close to the swimmer are entrained by its motion. However, in biologically and technologically important cases tracer transport is significantly altered for swimmers that move in a run-and-tumble fashion with a finite persistence length, and/or in the prese

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14

Liu, Fang-Wei, Ye Zhan, and Sung Kwon Cho. "Propulsion reversal in oscillating-bubble powered micro swimmer." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 31, no. 8 (2021): 084001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac0e7f.

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15

Liu, Jinan, and Haihui Ruan. "Modeling of an acoustically actuated artificial micro-swimmer." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 15, no. 3 (2020): 036002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/ab6a61.

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16

Ouyang, Zhenyu, Chen Liu, Tingting Qi, Jianzhong Lin, and Xiaoke Ku. "Locomotion of a micro-swimmer towing load through shear-dependent non-Newtonian fluids." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 1 (2023): 013334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132452.

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This paper simulates the locomotion of a micro-swimmer towing cargo through a shear-dependent non-Newtonian fluid. We investigate the effect of the shear-dependent rheology (refers to the power-law index n), swimming Reynolds numbers ( Re), and the relative position (refers to the distance ds and the concerning angle θ) between the swimmer and the cargoes on the assemblies' locomotion. For a swimmer towing a cargo, we find that a cargo-puller, cargo-pusher, or pusher-cargo (three typical towing models) swims faster in the shear-thickening fluids than in the shear-thinning fluids at Re ≤ 1. Mor

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17

Ishimoto, Kenta, and Darren G. Crowdy. "Dynamics of a treadmilling microswimmer near a no-slip wall in simple shear." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 821 (May 25, 2017): 647–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.220.

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Induction of flow is commonly used to control the migration of a microswimmer in a confined system such as a microchannel. The motion of a swimmer, in general, is governed by nonlinear equations due to non-trivial hydrodynamic interactions between the flow and the swimmer near a wall. This paper derives analytical expressions for the equations of motion governing a circular treadmilling swimmer in simple shear near a no-slip wall by combining the reciprocal theorem for Stokes flow with an exact solution for the dragging problem of a cylinder near a wall. We demonstrate that the reduced dynamic

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18

Cartwright, Avriel, and Jian Du. "Enhancement of Active Swimming near Fluid Interfaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2224, no. 1 (2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2224/1/012034.

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Abstract Microorganisms often move through heterogeneous fluid medium composed of multiple materials with very different properties. Biological locomotions are significantly influenced by the physical compositions and rheology of the fluidic environment. Some micro-swimmers are able to exploit nearby deformable interfaces to enhance their speed. Through computational simulations, we investigate the movement of a finite-length undulatory swimmer near interfaces within a viscous two-fluid media. Our results show that significant speed-ups can be obtained only if the active swimmer has a large bo

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19

Zhang, Z. Y., Y. F. Wang, J. T. Kang, X. H. Qiu, and C. G. Wang. "Helical micro-swimmer: hierarchical tail design and propulsive motility." Soft Matter 18, no. 33 (2022): 6148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2sm00823h.

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20

Ouyang, Zhenyu, and Jianzhong Lin. "Migration of a micro-swimmer in a channel flow." Powder Technology 392 (November 2021): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.027.

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21

YAMANAKA, Toshiro, and Fumihito ARAI. "Self-Propelled Micro Swimmer with Red-Blood-Cell Size." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2019 (2019): 1P2—A08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2019.1p2-a08.

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22

Paris, Alisier, Dominique Decanini, and Gilgueng Hwang. "On-chip multimodal vortex trap micro-manipulator with multistage bi-helical micro-swimmer." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 276 (June 2018): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.04.019.

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23

Giraldi, Laetitia, and Jean-Baptiste Pomet. "Local Controllability of the Two-Link Magneto-Elastic Micro-Swimmer." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 62, no. 5 (2017): 2512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2016.2600158.

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24

Ishimoto, Kenta. "A spherical squirming swimmer in unsteady Stokes flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 723 (April 16, 2013): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.131.

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AbstractThe motion of a spherical squirmer in unsteady Stokes flow is investigated for a deeper understanding of unsteady inertial effects on swimming micro-organisms and differences of swimming strokes between a wave pattern and a flapping motion. An asymptotic analysis with respect to the small amplitude and the small inertia is performed, and the average swimming velocity after a long period of time under an assumption of a time-periodic stroke is obtained. This analysis shows that the scallop theorem still holds in a long-time asymptotic sense for tangential deformation, but that the time

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25

Ye, Chengwei, Jia Liu, Xinyu Wu, et al. "Hydrophobicity Influence on Swimming Performance of Magnetically Driven Miniature Helical Swimmers." Micromachines 10, no. 3 (2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10030175.

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Helical microswimmers have been involved in a wide variety of applications, ranging from in vivo tasks such as targeted drug delivery to in vitro tasks such as transporting micro objects. Over the past decades, a number of studies have been established on the swimming performance of helical microswimmers and geometrical factors influencing their swimming performance. However, limited studies have focused on the influence of the hydrophobicity of swimmers’ surface on their swimming performance. In this paper, we first demonstrated through theoretical analysis that the hydrophobicity of swimmer’

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26

Krishnamurthy, Deepak, and Ganesh Subramanian. "Collective motion in a suspension of micro-swimmers that run-and-tumble and rotary diffuse." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 781 (September 28, 2015): 422–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.473.

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Recent experiments have shown that suspensions of swimming micro-organisms are characterized by complex dynamics involving enhanced swimming speeds, large-scale correlated motions and enhanced diffusivities of embedded tracer particles. Understanding this dynamics is of fundamental interest and also has relevance to biological systems. The observed collective dynamics has been interpreted as the onset of a hydrodynamic instability, of the quiescent isotropic state of pushers, swimmers with extensile force dipoles, above a critical threshold proportional to the swimmer concentration. In this wo

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27

Bae, Albert J., Raheel Ahmad, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Alain Pumir, and Azam Gholami. "Flagellum-driven cargoes: Influence of cargo size and the flagellum-cargo attachment geometry." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (2023): e0279940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279940.

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The beating of cilia and flagella, which relies on an efficient conversion of energy from ATP-hydrolysis into mechanical work, offers a promising way to propel synthetic cargoes. Recent experimental realizations of such micro-swimmers, in which micron-sized beads are propelled by isolated and demembranated flagella from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii), revealed a variety of propulsion modes, depending in particular on the calcium concentration. Here, we investigate theoretically and numerically the propulsion of a bead as a function of the flagellar waveform and the

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28

Chambrion, Thomas, Laetitia Giraldi, and Alexandre Munnier. "Optimal strokes for driftless swimmers: A general geometric approach." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 25 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2017012.

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Swimming consists by definition in propelling through a fluid by means of bodily movements. Thus, from a mathematical point of view, swimming turns into a control problem for which the controls are the deformations of the swimmer. The aim of this paper is to present a unified geometric approach for the optimization of the body deformations of so-called driftless swimmers. The class of driftless swimmers includes, among other, swimmers in a 3D Stokes flow (case of micro-swimmers in viscous fluids) or swimmers in a 2D or 3D potential flow. A general framework is introduced, allowing the complete

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29

Berdakin, Ivan, V. I. Marconi, and Adolfo J. Banchio. "Boosting micromachine studies with Stokesian dynamics." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (2022): 037102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083528.

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Artificial microswimmers, nano- and microrobots, are essential in many applications from engineering to biology and medicine. We present a Stokesian dynamics study of the dynamical properties and efficiency of one of the simplest artificial swimmers, the three linked spheres swimmer (TLS), extensively shown to be an excellent and model example of a deformable micromachine. Results for two different swimming strokes are compared with an approximate solution based on point force interactions. While this approximation accurately reproduces the solutions for swimmers with long arms and strokes of

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30

Nematollahisarvestani, Ali, and Amir Shamloo. "Dynamics of a magnetically rotated micro swimmer inspired by paramecium metachronal wave." Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 142 (March 2019): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.08.002.

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31

Chennaram, S. Sharanya, and T. Sonamani Singh. "Bidirectional Propulsion of Bioinspired Microswimmer in Microchannel at Low Reynolds Number." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2663, no. 1 (2023): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2663/1/012035.

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Abstract Swimming of micro-scale bodies is different from macro-scale counterparts due to low Reynolds number (Re) fluid-swimmer interaction. The Re is defined as the ratio of inertial force to viscous force and it can be expressed as, Re =ρ𝑣𝑙/µ, where ρ and µ are the density and viscosity of the fluid medium, v and l are the velocity and length of the swimmer. For microswimmers, due to the small length scale Re < 1, the inertial forces are negligible compared to viscous forces. Unlike the macroscale swimmers which exploit the inertial force for locomotion, microswimmers must use a differen

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32

Milster, S., J. Nötel, I. M. Sokolov, and L. Schimansky-Geier. "Eliminating inertia in a stochastic model of a micro-swimmer with constant speed." European Physical Journal Special Topics 226, no. 9 (2017): 2039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2017-70052-8.

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33

Jeznach, Cole, and Sarah D. Olson. "Dynamics of Swimmers in Fluids with Resistance." Fluids 5, no. 1 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5010014.

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Micro-swimmers such as spermatozoa are able to efficiently navigate through viscous fluids that contain a sparse network of fibers or other macromolecules. We utilize the Brinkman equation to capture the fluid dynamics of sparse and stationary obstacles that are represented via a single resistance parameter. The method of regularized Brinkmanlets is utilized to solve for the fluid flow and motion of the swimmer in 2-dimensions when assuming the flagellum (tail) propagates a curvature wave. Extending previous studies, we investigate the dynamics of swimming when varying the resistance parameter

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34

de Graaf, Joost, and Joakim Stenhammar. "Stirring by periodic arrays of microswimmers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 811 (December 13, 2016): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.797.

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The interaction between swimming micro-organisms or artificial self-propelled colloids and passive (tracer) particles in a fluid leads to enhanced diffusion of the tracers. This enhancement has attracted strong interest, as it could lead to new strategies to tackle the difficult problem of mixing on a microfluidic scale. Most of the theoretical work on this topic has focused on hydrodynamic interactions between the tracers and swimmers in a bulk fluid. However, in simulations, periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are often imposed on the sample and the fluid. Here, we theoretically analyse the

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35

Thomases, Becca, and Robert D. Guy. "The role of body flexibility in stroke enhancements for finite-length undulatory swimmers in viscoelastic fluids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 825 (July 19, 2017): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.383.

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The role of passive body dynamics on the kinematics of swimming micro-organisms in complex fluids is investigated. Asymptotic analysis of small-amplitude motions of a finite-length undulatory swimmer in a Stokes–Oldroyd-B fluid is used to predict shape changes that result as body elasticity and fluid elasticity are varied. Results from the analysis are compared with numerical simulations and the numerically simulated shape changes agree with the analysis at both small and large amplitudes, even for strongly elastic flows. We compute a stroke-induced swimming speed that accounts for the shape c

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36

Berti, Luca, Laetitia Giraldi, and Christophe Prud’homme. "Swimming at low Reynolds number." ESAIM: Proceedings and Surveys 67 (2020): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/proc/202067004.

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We address the swimming problem at low Reynolds number. This regime, which is typically used for micro-swimmers, is described by Stokes equations. We couple a PDE solver of Stokes equations, derived from the Feel++ ﬁnite elements library, to a quaternion-based rigid-body solver. We validate our numerical results both on a 2D exact solution and on an exact solution for a rotating rigid body respectively. Finally, we apply them to simulate the motion of a one-hinged swimmer, which obeys to the scallop theorem.

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37

Esfandbod, Alireza, Hossein Nejat Pishkenari, and Ali Meghdari. "Dynamics and Control of a Novel Microrobot with High Maneuverability." Robotica 39, no. 10 (2021): 1729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574720001460.

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SUMMARYIn this study, we introduce a novel three-dimensional micro-scale robot capable of swimming in low Reynolds number. The proposed robot consists of three rotating disks linked via three perpendicular adjustable rods, actuated by three rotary and three linear motors, respectively. The robot mechanism has an important property which makes it superior to the previously designed micro swimmers. In fact, our goal is designing a micro swimmer which its controllability matrix has full rank and hence it will be capable to perform any desired maneuver in space. After introducing the mechanism and

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38

Namdeo, S., S. N. Khaderi, and P. R. Onck. "Numerical modelling of chirality-induced bi-directional swimming of artificial flagella." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2162 (2014): 20130547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0547.

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Biomimetic micro-swimmers can be used for various medical applications, such as targeted drug delivery and micro-object (e.g. biological cells) manipulation, in lab-on-a-chip devices. Bacteria swim using a bundle of flagella (flexible hair-like structures) that form a rotating cork-screw of chiral shape. To mimic bacterial swimming, we employ a computational approach to design a bacterial (chirality-induced) swimmer whose chiral shape and rotational velocity can be controlled by an external magnetic field. In our model, we numerically solve the coupled governing equations that describe the sys

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39

BECKER, L. E., S. A. KOEHLER, and H. A. STONE. "On self-propulsion of micro-machines at low Reynolds number: Purcells three-link swimmer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 490 (September 10, 2003): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112003005184.

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40

Zhang, Ce, Shiqi Ma, and Lizhong Xu. "Velocity and Out-Step Frequencies for a Micro-Swimmer Based on Spiral Carbon Nanotubes." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (2023): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071320.

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The existing producing processes of micro spiral swimmers are complex. Here, a microswimmer with a magnetic layer on the surface of the spiral carbon nanotubes is proposed, which has a simple producing process. For the microswimmer, its equations of the velocities and out-step frequency are deduced. Using these equations, the velocities and out-step frequency of the microswimmer and their changes with related parameters are investigated. Results show that its velocities are proportional to the radius and helix angle of the spiral carbon nanotubes, and its out-step frequencies are proportional

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41

Wang, Qixuan. "Optimal Strokes of Low Reynolds Number Linked-Sphere Swimmers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (2019): 4023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194023.

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Optimal gait design is important for micro-organisms and micro-robots that propel themselves in a fluid environment in the absence of external force or torque. The simplest models of shape changes are those that comprise a series of linked-spheres that can change their separation and/or their sizes. We examine the dynamics of three existing linked-sphere types of modeling swimmers in low Reynolds number Newtonian fluids using asymptotic analysis, and obtain their optimal swimming strokes by solving the Euler–Lagrange equation using the shooting method. The numerical results reveal that (1) wit

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42

Bregulla, Andreas P., and Frank Cichos. "Size dependent efficiency of photophoretic swimmers." Faraday Discussions 184 (2015): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00111k.

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We investigate experimentally the efficiency of self-propelled photophoretic swimmers based on metal-coated polymer particles of different sizes. The metal hemisphere absorbs the incident laser power and converts its energy into heat, which dissipates into the environment. A phoretic surface flow arises from the temperature gradient along the particle surface and drives the particle parallel to its symmetry axis. Scaling the particle size from micro to nanometers, the efficiency of converting optical power into motion is expected to rise with the reciprocal size for ideal swimmers. However, du

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Majmudar, Trushant, Eric E. Keaveny, Jun Zhang, and Michael J. Shelley. "Experiments and theory of undulatory locomotion in a simple structured medium." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 73 (2012): 1809–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0856.

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Undulatory locomotion of micro-organisms through geometrically complex, fluidic environments is ubiquitous in nature and requires the organism to negotiate both hydrodynamic effects and geometrical constraints. To understand locomotion through such media, we experimentally investigate swimming of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans through fluid-filled arrays of micro-pillars and conduct numerical simulations based on a mechanical model of the worm that incorporates hydrodynamic and contact interactions with the lattice. We show that the nematode's path, speed and gait are significantly altere

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Elshalakani, Mohamed, and Christoph Brücker. "Simulation of self-coordination in a row of beating flexible flaplets for micro-swimmer applications: Model and experiment study." Journal of Fluids and Structures 94 (April 2020): 102923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2020.102923.

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Zaid, Irwin M., Jörn Dunkel, and Julia M. Yeomans. "Lévy fluctuations and mixing in dilute suspensions of algae and bacteria." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 62 (2011): 1314–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0545.

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Swimming micro-organisms rely on effective mixing strategies to achieve efficient nutrient influx. Recent experiments, probing the mixing capability of unicellular biflagellates, revealed that passive tracer particles exhibit anomalous non-Gaussian diffusion when immersed in a dilute suspension of self-motile Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae. Qualitatively, this observation can be explained by the fact that the algae induce a fluid flow that may occasionally accelerate the colloidal tracers to relatively large velocities. A satisfactory quantitative theory of enhanced mixing in dilute active su

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Das, Asimanshu, Matthew Styslinger, Daniel M. Harris, and Roberto Zenit. "Force and torque-free helical tail robot to study low Reynolds number micro-organism swimming." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (2022): 044103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079815.

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Helical propulsion is used by many micro-organisms to swim in viscous-dominated environments. Their swimming dynamics are relatively well understood, but a detailed study of the flow fields is still needed to understand wall effects and hydrodynamic interactions among swimmers. In this letter, we describe the development of an autonomous swimming robot with a helical tail that operates in the Stokes regime. The device uses a battery-based power system with a miniature motor that imposes a rotational speed on a helical tail. The speed, direction, and activation are controlled electronically usi

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Michelin, Sébastien, and Eric Lauga. "Unsteady feeding and optimal strokes of model ciliates." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 715 (January 9, 2013): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.484.

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AbstractThe flow field created by swimming micro-organisms not only enables their locomotion but also leads to advective transport of nutrients. In this paper we address analytically and computationally the link between unsteady feeding and unsteady swimming on a model micro-organism, the spherical squirmer, actuating the fluid in a time-periodic manner. We start by performing asymptotic calculations at low Péclet number ($\mathit{Pe}$) on the advection–diffusion problem for the nutrients. We show that the mean rate of feeding as well as its fluctuations in time depend only on the swimming mod

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Setter, Eyal, Izhak Bucher, and Shimon Haber. "Propulsion at low Reynolds numbers by multiple traveling waves." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 16 (2014): 2938–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214523580.

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Microorganisms or micro-robotic swimmers employ traveling waves as a common swimming mechanism involving time-irreversible deformations of their outer surface. Normally, the deforming surfaces constitute of multiple spatial waves, some standing and others propagating forward or backward. A unique technique is developed here to experimentally decompose a waving surface into its spatial wavelengths in each time instance by processing a sequence of photographs. This information is curve fitted to yield the phase velocity, frequency, and amplitudes of the propagating and receding waves of each com

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Ren, Zhezheng. "Real model for micro swimmer and the study of the relationship between the swimming speed, pitch angle, and rotation rate for the flagellum." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2634, no. 1 (2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2634/1/012009.

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Abstract This study focuses on the fluid mechanics of a microswimmer and explores the relationship between speed, pitch angle, and rotation rate for the flagellar during bacterial swimming. Based on the simulation using MATLAB, it is concluded that when the pitch angle of the flagellar helix is in the range of 0 to 90 degrees, the value of swimming speed increases firstly and decreases. When the angle reaches 46.83 degrees, the speed reaches the maximum point. The radius of the body of the microswimmer is determined by the Buckingham Pi theory. After calculating by using the equations in the r

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Park, Yunyoung, Yongsam Kim, and Sookkyung Lim. "Locomotion of a single-flagellated bacterium." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 859 (November 21, 2018): 586–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.799.

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Single-flagellated bacteria propel themselves by rotating a flagellar motor, translating rotation to the filament through a compliant hook and subsequently driving the rotation of the flagellum. The flagellar motor alternates the direction of rotation between counterclockwise and clockwise, and this leads to the forward and backward directed swimming. Such bacteria can change the course of swimming as the hook experiences its buckling caused by the change of bending rigidity. In this paper, we present a comprehensive model of a monotrichous bacterium as a free swimmer in a viscous fluid. We de

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