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Academic literature on the topic 'Micro-Réseau électrique DC'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro-Réseau électrique DC"
Hafsi, Karem. "Approche distribuée basée sur un système multi-agent pour l'optimisation énergétique d'un micro-réseau de distribution DC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT004.
Full textThe scientific contribution of this thesis focuses on addressing specific challenges relatedto the stability and optimization of direct current (DC) distribution networks. This researchaims to develop control strategies and advanced optimization algorithms to maximize theintegration of renewable energy sources in DC while minimizing energy losses in order toachieve self-sufficiency. In pursuit of this objective, we have proposed in this work a hardware and a software architecture. The hardware architecture relies on two DC electrical distribution technologies, namely Power over Ethernet (PoE) and Power over Data Lines (PoDL). With these two technologies, it is possible to achieve at least a 7% improvement in energy efficiency when the energy source is in DC, such as photovoltaic energy or energy stored in batteries. Integrating these technologies into buildings creates a more flexible distribution system, allowing for the incorporation of loads in microgrid stabilization. PoE powers devices via Ethernet, while PoDL enables IP communication and power injection throughthe existing electrical wiring infrastructure.The software architecture that we have proposed in this work is based on reactive communication among the actors of the DC network, thus ensuring stability and safety. The method relies on a coordinated multi-agent system for context-aware decisions, maximizing the benefits of the DC network while ensuring stable and energy-efficient operation. Implementing a reactive electrical distribution system is a major challenge. The decentralized nature of this system requires a communication protocol capable of meeting latencyand flexibility requirements. Therefore, after evaluating several protocols, we have validated that the Data Distribution Service (DDS) protocol stands out for its real-time performance, offering well-bounded and controlled latency. Due to its distributed structure and advanced data management capabilities, DDS can ensure dependable and anticipatable real-time communication.In addition to the reactive communication protocol, we have used a multi-agent approachfor its benefits like uncertainty management, flexibility, scalability, and distributed decision-making. However, their implementation in a context where microgrid reactivity and stability are essential represents a particular challenge. Within this specific context, we have developed a coordination-based multi-agent system architecture with well-controlled interactions and latencies. Furthermore, we have proposed an optimization method based on the Hamiltonian cycle from graph theory to optimize the latencies of the agents in their tasks. The proposed multi-agent approach and optimization algorithms aim to simultaneously address the reactivity requirements of the control system and the challenges related to optimizing energy management in the DC microgrid
Dulout, Jérémy. "Dimensionnement et gestion optimaux d'éléments de stockage pour le déploiement de sources renouvelables, réalisation d'un micro-réseau LVDC." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30331/document.
Full textBecause of our global high consumption of fossil fuels, these resources are becoming scarce and the environmental equilibrium of the Earth is endangered. Other energy sources are developed in order to build a new diversified and decarbonised energy mix. For example, in an urban context, the solar photovoltaic system has many assets such as the decentralized production of electricity, easy integration in buildings, transportation losses reduction, no sound during production, low environmental impact, etc. However, the production of this energy source is highly varying, difficult to predict (several timescales, from the cloud shadows to seasonal meteorological variations) and not correlated across time with our consumption needs. In order to enable a massive penetration of renewable energy sources in our conventional grid, the use of energy storage systems (e.g. electrochemical storage) seems a promising solution, taking into account the costs, supply security, technological maturity and ease of set up. Hence, new microgrids constituted by decentralized energy sources and energy storage systems have been developed in order to replace or complement the main centralized grid by ensuring some support functions (i.e. enhancement of the grid stability, black-start operation, replacement of diesel generators, etc.). The consumers become actors able to inject a part of all their surplus energy to the main grid, if the operation is accepted by the transmission system operator. A new business model is to define, especially in the case of putting a valuation on the functions that can help the main grid. During this thesis, several years of data from production and consumption of a photovoltaic building have been analysed in order to define the operating profile of an energy storage system that ensures the equilibrium of the microgrid. A behavioural model taking into account the ageing has been made for three storage technologies: lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. It enables the optimal sizing, the hybrid association of storage systems, and the optimal energy management of the microgrid. Several criteria assessing the operation of microgrids have been studied (e.g. annual cost of the storage system, self-consumption rate, loss of load probability, etc.). A multi-objective methodology, based on Pareto optimality, has been developed in order to optimize economic, environmental, and autonomy aspects. A low voltage DC prototype of some kilowatts has been developed for validating the different concepts presented in this thesis
Nasr, Sarah. "Optimisation d’un réseau ferroviaire à l’aide de solutions smart-grids." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC026/document.
Full textIncreasing energy efficiency is nowadays a requirement in all technical fields. The reduction of global consumption, thus carbon footprint, has become the world's priority, as for example, the climate and energy package of the European Union.Railways' share of energy consumption is one of the highest. Electrical solutions are developed in order to reduce these systems' losses, optimize their consumption and reduce global energy bill. Given their diversity, two main categories are considered in this study. The first one consists of urban lines that are characterized by a DC electrification and a relatively dense traffic. In this case, braking energy burned in trains' rheostats represents the main share of losses. The proposed solution is to recuperate this energy using a DC micro-grid implemented in a passengers' station. It allows an interaction with the non-railway electrical environment, for example, re-using this energy in charging electric hybrid buses parked nearby. The excess of braking energy is recuperated using a DC/DC converter and injected into a DC busbar. A second DC/DC converter will store it in a hybrid storage system. It will then serve to charge the buses connected to the DC busbar. The micro-grid is also connected to the grid using a low power AC/DC converter. A power management system ensures optimizing power flow between different components. An energy evaluation showed that this solution is a good Investment especially because no contract is needed with the energy provider. The system's stability is studied and a stabilizing command, the backstepping, is applied. This new smart station allows railways to communicate, energetically, with its evolving environment.The second category is suburban and high speed lines that are AC electrified. Contrarily to the previous case, braking energy is reinjected to the upper grid through substations. Therefore, a second solution is to reduce global energy consumption by optimizing trains' speed profiles and timetable's synchronization. It is done using a differential evolution algorithm. Each speed profile is divided into zones to which are associated driving parameters. The optimization of the latter allowed generating new optimal speed profiles and a less-consuming timetable. Simulation results showed that it is possible to make important energy savings while respecting train's punctuality
Trigueiro, dos Santos Leonardo. "Contribution on the day-ahead and operational optimization for DC microgrid building-integrated." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2352/document.
Full textThis thesis study focuses on a DC microgrid building-integrated satisfying the power balance at the local level and supplying DC loads during both, grid-connected and isolated operation modes. Considering that energy management can be defined as a group of different control strategies and operational practices that together with the new physical equipment and software solutions aims to accomplish the objectives of energy management, the main objective of this thesis is to define the energy management strategies for the building-integrated DC microgrid, aiming to keep the bus voltage stable as well as to reduce the energy cost to the end users and the negative impact to the main grid. Therefore, this research work focuses to optimize and develop the implementation of the designed controller of building-integrated DC microgrid. The proposed DC microgrid consists of PV building-integrated sources, a storage system, a main grid connection for the grid-connected mode and a micro turbine for the off-grid or isolated mode, and a DC load (electric appliances of a tertiary building). The bidirectional connections with the main grid and the storage aim to supply the building’s DC appliances, and sell or store the energy surplus. The results validate the operation of the whole system, ensuring the capability of the proposed supervisory control to manage the energy power flow while ensuring voltage stability. Other goals concern the analyze of the proposed separation between optimization and real time power balance and the usage of the proposed load shedding/restoration algorithm in the microgrid environment are also validate. Regarding the technical contributions, the work of this thesis allowed the creation and the practical development of a test bench for microgrid based on PV sources emulator, which allows the repeatability conditions (closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same solar irradiance and air temperature carried out under the same conditions of measurement) and reproducibility (closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of the same solar irradiation and air temperature carried out under changed conditions of measurement). Numerous experimental tests were carried out and allowed the validation of the proposed concepts
Wu, Hongwei. "Étude et analyse globale de l’efficacité énergétique d’un micro-réseau urbain à courant continu." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2386/document.
Full textThe object of the thesis is to study the power losses in an urbain DC microgrid in order to improve the energy efficiency. Noted that such a multi-source microgrid consist of several sources whose nature is different one from another, the static power converters are essential but they brings power losses. The power losses are quite variable in particular with the renewable energy source such as the photovoltaic panels. In the litteral works the converter efficiency is often treated as a constant, but experimental tests are carried out to show its variation. For the sake of study the power loss thoroughly, a state of art of the static converter is studied to develop a simple and fast estimation methode of power losses. Aiming at the tradeoff between the estimation accurancy and the calculation time, an averaged energy model is developped on the basis of the component datasheet. The experimental tests are carried out to validate the application of the model on the DC/DC and DC/AC converters used in the microgrid. Due to its simplicity, the model can be implemented in the real-time system. Thus the energy management strategies are proposed to interact with the variable efficiency on the high and low level control. These strategies are capable of shedding the powers in the microgrid with flexibility and accelerating the the convergency spped of control through the knowledge of power losses of each converter. The results show that the energy cost has decreased and the microgrid global efficiency is slightly improved
Bai, Wenshuai. "DC Microgrid optimized energy management and real-time control of power systems for grid-connected and off-grid operating modes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2586.
Full textThis thesis focus on the research of the DC microgrid following two operation models: grid-connected mode, and off-grid mode including the islanded and isolated modes. The aim of this thesis is to propose a DC microgrid combining the advantages of the grid-connected or the off-grid mode, which named full DC microgrid. ln the full DC microgrid, the renewable energy sources, storage, and public grid are included, and the back-up sources also applied to reduce the load shedding. ln the full DC microgrid, a supervisory system is proposed to manage the power. The real-time power management in the operational layer of the supervisory system can keep the power balance. ln the optimization layer of the supervisory system, the day-ahead optimization is proposed to achieve the global minimal operation cost. The simulation results show that the full DC microgrid combines both advantages of the grid-connected and the off-grid mode to minimize the operating cost. Then, the supervisory system considers the dynamic efficiency of the converter to solve the problem that the power quality of the microgrid is degraded due to the unstable DC bus voltage caused by the inaccurate power control. The simulation results show that considering the dynamic efficiency of the converter in the operational layer of the supervisory system, the fluctuation of the DC bus voltage can be reduced. Regarding the importance of the PV prediction for the day-ahead optimization, two prediction modes are studied and compared to give a robust PV prediction power. The results are that the two models almost have the same results
Yang, Nanfang. "Control and analysis of DC Microgrid with multiple distributed generators." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0275/document.
Full textThe direct integration of renewable energy resources to the utility grid is pretty tough due to their intermittent feature and dispersed nature. Microgrid is one promising approach to gather the local distributed generators (DGs), supply local loads as well as exchange power with the utility grid as a controllable unit. This local-generation-localconsumption mode is able to avoid the long distance power transmission, thus can benefit a higher efficiency. The control aim of DC microgrids is to make the multiple DGs share the load properly as well as maintain the DCbus voltage stable. In steady state, the constrains of the classic droop control in multiple DGs environment are analyzed, and a mixed compensation method using common current is proposed to improve the voltage and load sharing performance simultaneously. In dynamic state, the system comprehensive model is constructed by the introduction of virtual inductor in the equivalent circuit of the DG, then several reduced-order models are examined to check their effectiveness for the system stability analysis. A reduced-order multi-scale model (RMM) is proposedto keep major time scale information as well as reduce the system complexity. Finally, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) based control method is proposed to realize the time scale droop control. It can effectively adjust the dynamic of the local control by adjusting the bandwidth of the Linear Extend State Observer or/and the controller. The proposed analysis and control methods are verified by experimental tests in our laboratory platform
Wang, Dian. "Microgrid based on photovoltaic energy for charging electric vehicle stations : charging and discharging management strategies in communication with the smart grid." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2584.
Full textThe rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) increases the power demand, which causes an extra burden on the public grid increasing the load fluctuations, therefore, hindering the high penetration of EVs. A real-time rule-based algorithm for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations empowered by a DC microgrid is proposed to deal with the uncertainties of EV users’ behaviour considering its arbitrary and random choices through the human-machine interface, meanwhile considering most of the users’ choices. The simulation results obtained under MATLAB/Simulink verify the feasibility of the proposed management strategy that presents a good performance in terms of precise control. In addition, EV shedding and restoration optimization algorithms (SROA) for battery charging power can be used to meet user needs while maintaining EV charging station power balance, taking into consideration the intermittency of the photovoltaic (PV) source, the capacity limitation of the storage, and the power limitation of the public grid. The simulation results show that compared with rule-based algorithm, the proposed SROA respect the user's choice while reducing total charging time, increasing the full rate, and maximizing the available power utilization, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of SROA. Furthermore, a PV based charging station for EVs can participate to solve some peak power problems. On the other hand, vehicle to grid (V2G) technology is designed and applied to provide ancillary services grid during the peak periods, considering the duality of EV battery “load-source”. So, a dynamic searching peak and valley algorithm, based on energy management, is proposed for an EV charging station to mitigate the impact on the public grid, while reducing the energy cost of the public grid. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed searching peak and valley algorithm effectiveness, which can guarantee the balance of the public grid, meanwhile satisfy the charging demand of EV users, and most importantly, reduce the public grid energy cost
Yin, Changjie. "Impact of diesel generator operating modes on standalone DC microgrid and control strategies implying supercapacitor." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2411/document.
Full textThe intermittent and random nature of renewable sources, such as photovoltaic and wind turbine, asks for the complement of storage, such as battery and back-up energy, such as diesel generator, especially in a standalone power system. Concerning the diesel generator, it needs some time to start up and cannot immediately offer the needed power, due to its dynamic behavior. Hence, the power quality is lowered down during this period because of the shortage of power. Therefore, during the period of the diesel generator starting up, a supercapacitor is suggested to compensate the power balance because of its fast response and high power density. A power control strategy is proposed to achieve the coordination between diesel generator and supercapacitor. Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is able to regulate the DC bus voltage within the acceptable limits and supplying the load during the renewable power under generation or load step-increase situations. In addition, the supercapacitor can be also used to overcome the electrochemical storage limits like its state of charge and maximum current. So, this thesis proposes the real time power control for a hybrid photovoltaic-battery-supercapacitor-diesel generator DC microgrid system, aiming to meet the load power demand with reliability and stabilizing the DC bus voltage. Both simulation and experimental results show that the designed control strategy improves the DC microgrid dynamic and static performances under different operating conditions. Furthermore, in order to minimize the diesel generator energy cost, the fuel cost and fuel consumption are analysed through several experimental tests. Therefore, the optimal value of its power generation is deduced and applied in a newly proposed energy management strategy. This strategy can achieve the goal of maximizing the utilization of photovoltaic energy and taking into account the slow start-up characteristic and energy cost of diesel generator. Both simulation and experimental studies are carried out by using the real photovoltaic data to illustrate the performance and the behavior of the hybrid system. The obtained results verify the effectiveness of this strategy. Furthermore, the comparison with the previous energy management strategy, in which the diesel generator energy cost is not considered, demonstrates that the newly proposed energy management strategy can reduce the total cost of the hybrid DC power system
Zia, Muhammad Fahad. "On energy management optimization for microgrids enriched with renewable energy sources Microgrids energy management systems: a critical review on methods, solutions, and prospects, in Applied Energy 222, July 2018 Optimal operational planning of scalable DC microgrid with demand response, islanding, and battery degradation cost considerations, in Applied Energy 237, March 2019 Energy management system for an islanded microgrid with convex relaxation, in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, Nov.-Dec. 2019 Microgrid transactive energy: review, architectures, distributed ledger technologies, and market analysis, in IEEE Access, January 2020." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2020/These-2020-SPI-Genie_electrique-ZIA_Muhammad_Fahad.pdf.
Full textThe current electric power system isfacing the challenges of environmental protection,increasing global electricity demand, high reliability requirement, cleanliness of energy, and planning restrictions. To evolve towards green and smart electric power system, centralized generating facilities are now being transformed into smaller and more distributed generations. As a consequence, the concept of microgrid emerges, where a microgrid can operate as a single controllable system and can be assumed as a cluster of loads and distributed energy resources, which may include many renewable energy sources and energy storage systems. The energy management of large numbers of distributed energy resources is needed for reliable operation of microgrid system. Therefore, energy management is the fundamental part of the microgrid operation for economical and sustainable development. In this regard, this thesis focuses on proposing energy management optimization models for optimal operation of microgrid system that include proposed practical Li-ion battery degradation cost model. These different energy management models include objective functions of operating cost of distributed generators, emission cost of conventional generation source, maximum utilization of renewable energy sources, battery degradation cost, demand response incentives, and load shedding penalization cost, with microgrid component and physical network constraints. A comprehensive conceptual seven layer model is also developed to provide standardized insights in implementing real transactive energy systems