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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Micro-reflectance

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Academic literature on the topic 'Micro-reflectance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Micro-reflectance"

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Ullattil, Sudeep, Sudheesh Kakkarath, Vinod Viswambharanunnithan, and Suresh Padiyath Ramannair. "Investigations on the Influence of Surface Textures on Optical Reflectance of Multi-crystalline Silicone (MC-Si) Crystal Surfaces-Simulations and Experiments." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 11, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.38538.

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MC-Si is the most widely used material for making solar PV cells. In spite of the considerable research on improving the conversion efficiency of MC-Si solar PV cells still it remains well within the range of 15-20%. Optical reflectance being the major loss of incident solar energy, efforts are being made to reduce the optical reflectance of solar cell surfaces. Among the several methods proposed, creation of well-defined surface topography on the cell surface remains a promising option. Micro/nano level features with various dimensions and distributions have been created on MC-Si crystal surfaces using a femto-second pulsed laser and the influence of surface topography on optical reflectance in the incident light wave length of 350 – 1000 nm have been studied and compared with the simulation results obtained using OPAL2 software. Experimental results indicate that surface textures on the wafer surface lead to the reduction of optical reflectance in the range of 20-35% in comparison with plain surface. Width of micro grooves have less significant effect on the optical reflectance in comparison with pitch between the micro grooves. Best reduction in reflectance is exhibited by the texture having a groove width of 30 mm and a pitch of 100 mm. A post texturing etching operation is found to have detrimental effect on the ability of micro/nano level features in decreasing the optical reflectance in the preferred wavelength of solar spectrum due to the flattening of nano level features created within the micro grooves due to laser texturing.

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Feng, Guo Jin, Ping Li, Yu Wang, Cheng Li, and Li Zhao. "Reflectance of Micro-Structural Material on Au." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.154.

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The high absorption characteristics, the complex mechanism and the great potential application in detectors of micro-structural material aroused extensive attention. In order to understand the impact of the micro-structure, the optical simulation method based on Monte Carlo is used for reflection characteristics of micro-structural material with the cell of pyramid construction. In this simulation, the body material is made of gold, which can avoid the effect of tranmittance, with a number of 400 cells. The bottom square of each structure is 50×50 µm, and the height of cells is adjustable. Then the relationship between the height and reflectance can be built up. However, a very complex relationship between the reflectance and the input parameters, including refractive index, extinction coefficient and the structure of the material is showed from simulation result. Generally, the reflectance decreases while the height increases.

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Kurihara, K., K. Fukui, T. Yanagawa, and A. Yamamoto. "Infrared micro optical reflectance spectra of InN." physica status solidi (c) 5, no. 6 (May 2008): 1759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200778628.

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Shi, Jiarui, Qian Shen, Yue Yao, Fangfang Zhang, Junsheng Li, and Libing Wang. "Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water Colors." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042117.

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Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), which is currently measured mainly using the above-water approach, is the most crucial parameter in the remote sensing inversion of plateau inland water colors. It is very difficult to measure the Rrs of plateau inland unmanned areas; thus, we provide a measurement solution using a micro-spectrometer. Currently, commercial micro-spectrometers are not factory calibrated for radiation, and thus, a radiometric calibration of the micro-spectrometer is an essential step. This article uses an Ocean Optics micro-spectrometer (STS-VIS) and a traditional water spectrometer (Trios) to simultaneously measure the irradiance and radiance of diffuse reflectance plates with different reflectance values for field calibration. The results show the following: (1) different fiber types have different calibration coefficients, and the integration time is determined according to the diameter of the fiber and the type of fiber, and (2) by comparing the simultaneous measurement results of STS-VIS with Trios, the mean absolute percentage difference (MAPD) of both reached 18.64% and 5.11% for Qinghai Lake and Golmud River, respectively, which are accurate Rrs measurements of water bodies. The Rrs of the Hoh Xil and Qarhan Salt Lake water bodies in unmanned areas of China was measured, and this was the first collection of in situ spectral information with a micro-spectrometer. This article shows that the micro-spectrometer can perform the in situ measurement of water Rrs in unmanned inland areas. With this breakthrough in the radiometric performance of the micro-spectrometer, we are able to obtain more accurate remote sensing reflectance results of unmanned water bodies.

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Chen, Yong, Weiping Peng, Xiaofeng Hu, and Chen Zhang. "Functional Performance of Silicon with Periodic Surface Structures Induced by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser." Coatings 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060716.

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A micro/nano surface structure can produce specific properties, such as super hydrophilicity, low reflectance property, etc. A femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structure is an important manufacturing process for the micro/nano structure. This research investigated the effects of scanning intervals and laser power on the surface morphology, wetting properties, and reflectance properties of LIPSS based on a silicon wafer. The results showed that the laser power had a significant effect on the surface morphology and wettability of silicon. With the increase of laser power, the surface roughness, etching depth and surface hydrophilicity increased. However, the laser power had little effect on the surface reflectance. The scanning interval had a great influence on the wettability and reflectance property of silicon. With the decrease of the scanning interval, the surface hydrophobicity and reflectance of silicon first decrease and then remain basically stable from 10 μm.

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Neshchimenko, Vitaly V., Chun Dong Li, Mikhail M. Mikhailov, and Andrei Dudin. "Effect of the Surface Morphology of Zinc Oxide Particles on their Radiation Stability." Defect and Diffusion Forum 386 (September 2018): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.386.338.

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The effect of protons exposure on the diffuse reflectance spectra of the zinc oxide with different shape particles has been investigated. Particles were micro-, nanocrystals, star and flower shape particles. The synthesis of the particles was carried out by the hydrothermal method using zinc acetate chemicals. The surface morphology, surface area and crystal structure of the particles have been investigated. Evaluating the changes in spectral reflectance it was found that the radiation stability of the micro particles is higher than the radiation stability of the other nanostructured particles. The high stability of the micro particles optical properties is due to the effect of low accumulation of radiation-induced defects.

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Zheng, Xiao Dong, Yan Zhong Ye, and Lin Fang Shen. "The Measurements of Spectral Reflectance Spatial Distribution on Mc-Si Solar Cell Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2184.

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Measurement results of spectral reflectance spatial distribution on multi-crystalline silicon solar cells surface are presented. The optical measurement apparatus employs a specific designed micro-spectral reflectance meter. It is suitable for working in visible wavelength range; measurable sample size can be as small as 0.06mm. Results of reflectance distribution on mc-Si solar cell are presented as a spatial sampling interval of 0.1 mm. The peak values of spectral reflectance appear about 400nm wavelength and vary from 10% to 30% with the spatial position on solar cell.

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Lastras-Martínez, L. F., O. del Pozo-Zamudio, R. Herrera-Jasso, N. A. Ulloa-Castillo, R. E. Balderas-Navarro, J. Ortega-Gallegos, and A. Lastras-Martínez. "Micro reflectance difference techniques: Optical probes for surface exploration." physica status solidi (b) 249, no. 6 (February 21, 2012): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201100738.

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Guo, Ting Liang, Guo Jin Feng, and Ting Ting Guo. "Absorption Simulation of Micro-Structual Material on BK7." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.873.

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The absorption characteristics of micro-structural material, such as “black silicon”, aroused extensive attention. In order to understand the impact of the micro-structure, based on Monte Carlo method, the optical simulation is used for absorption characteristics of micro-structural material. In this paper, the body material used for simulation is a kind of glass, BK7, which has been widely used. And, there are a number of 400 structual cells in the model. The bottom square of each cell is fixed to 50×50 µm, and the height of cells is adjustable. For each height, the reflectance, transmittance and absorption of microstructural material can be caculated. Then the relationship between the height and reflectance, transmittance and absorption can be built up. In our simulation, a very complex relationship between the absorption and the the structure of the material is showed. Generally, the absorption increases while the height of microstructual cell increasing.

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Ganesh, T., K. Perumal, R. Kumar, and N. Bhaskar. "Effect of Thickness on Micro-Structural and Optical Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin Coating." Nano Hybrids and Composites 17 (August 2017): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.17.171.

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Aluminium (Al) doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films of different thicknesses were prepared on glass substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. The effect of thicknesses on micro-structural and optical properties was investigated for transparent conducting oxide (TCO) application in solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) showed maximum orientation along (002) plane of c-axis. The variation of different structural parameters like crystallite size, micro-strain, c-axis strain, dislocation density as a function of film thickness was investigated. The FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of Al-doped ZnO film. FESEM images showed spherical shaped nanosized grains and formation of micro pores. The optical absorption increased and absorption peak shifted towards longer wavelength (red shift) with increase in the thickness of the film respectively. The optical transmittance of all the films has a transparency of more than 75% in the visible region. The optical band gap (Eg) decreased with increase in the film thickness. The diffused reflectance (DRS) showed very low reflectance in the region of 400-800 nm, but increased in the 800-900 nm region. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the prepared films showed intense band edge UV and low intense visible emissions respectively. The effect of thickness of Al-doped ZnO film on micro-structure, surface morphology, optical absorption and transmittance, diffused reflectance and PL have been investigated and the results are reported.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro-reflectance"

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Wang, Chunhua. "Novel applications of micro-reflectance difference spectroscopy in condensed matter physics /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202009%20WANG.

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Barron, Lance W. "High-reflectance, sputter-deposited aluminum alloy thin films for micro-electro-mechanical systems /." Online version of thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/5195.

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Chermain, Xavier. "Rendu basé physique de micro-reflets." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0070/document.

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Le rendu de micro-reflets, utile pour simuler l'apparence de matériaux pailletés, de métal brossé ou de plastique rayé, est un défi théorique et technique en informatique graphique. Il implique l'utilisation de fonctions de distribution de réflectance bidirectionnelles surfaciques (P-BRDFs) hautes fréquences et qui varient spatialement. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux nouvelles P-BRDFs basées sur des cartes de normales presque parfaitement spéculaires. La première empêche toute création d'énergie grâce à une normalisation dépendante de l'empreinte du rayon, contrairement à la méthode précédente [YHMR16]. Cette normalisation est possible grâce à une nouvelle représentation d'une carte de normales en une mixture de NDFs de Beckmann décentrées et non-alignées sur les axes. La deuxième méthode améliore la première et empêche, pour la première fois, toute création et perte d'énergie, en simulant du multi-rebonds dans la micro-géométrie du matériau. Elle permet donc un rendu sans artefacts de surfaces opaques possédant des micro-reflets. De plus, nous donnons un algorithme d'échantillonnage optimal, utilisant la visibilité des normales. L'idée clé de cette méthode est la définition d'une V-cavité en chaque point de la surface. Pour simuler le multi-rebonds à l'intérieur, nous compensons l'énergie perdue par une modélisation simple rebond, en la réintégrant à l'aide d'une BRDF de compensation d'énergie. Nos méthodes ont le même ordre de grandeur que la méthode précédente en matière de temps de rendu et d'empreinte mémoire
Glint rendering, useful for simulating the appearance of glittery materials, brushed metal or scratched plastic, is a theoretical and technical challenge in computer graphics. It involves the use of spatially varying patch bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (P-BRDFs) with high frequencies. In this thesis we propose two new P-BRDFs based on specular normal maps. Unlike the previous method [YHMR16], our first BRDF prevents any creation of energy through footprint-dependent normalisation. This normalisation is possible thanks to a new representation of the normal map based on a mixture of non-centered and non-axis aligned Beckmann NDFs. The second method improves the first one and prevents, for the first time, any creation and loss of energy, by simulating multiple scattering in the microgeometry. It enables artifact-free rendering of opaque and sparkling surfaces. In addition, we provide an optimal sampling algorithm using the visibility information of the normals. The key idea of this method is the definition of a V-cavity for each point of the surface. To simulate multiple scattering inside it, we compensate for the energy lost by a single scattering model, by reintegrating lost energy with an energy compensation BRDF. The rendering time and memory footprint of our methods are in the same order of magnitude than previous methods

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Mohammadbagher, Mahdi. "Apparence matérielle : représentation et rendu photo-réaliste." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770181.

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Cette thèse présente quelques avancées sur la représentation efficace de l'apparence matérielle dans une simulation de l'éclairage. Nous présentons deux contributions : un algorithme pratique de simulation interactive pour rendre la réflectance mesurée avec une géométrie dynamique en utilisant une analyse fréquentielle du transport de l'énergie lumineuse et le shading hiérarchique et sur-échantillonnage dans un contexte deferred shading, et une nouvelle fonction de distribution pour le modèle de BRDF de Cook-Torrance. Dans la première partie, nous présentons une analyse fréquentielle de transport de l'éclairage en temps réel. La bande passante et la variance sont fonction de l'éclairage incident, de la distance parcourue par la lumière, de la BRDF et de la texture, et de la configuration de la géométrie (la courbure). Nous utilisons ces informations pour sous-échantillonner l'image en utilisant un nombre adaptatif d'échantillons. Nous calculons l'éclairage de façon hiérarchique, en un seul passage. Notre algorithme est implémenté dans un cadre de deferred shading, et fonctionne avec des fonctions de réflectance quelconques, y compris mesurées. Nous proposons deux extensions : pré-convolution de l'éclairage incident pour plus d'efficacité, et anti-aliasing utilisant l'information de fréquence. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons aux fonction de réflectance a base de micro-facette, comme le modèle de Cook-Torrance. En nous basant sur les réflectances mesurées, nous proposons une nouvelle distribution des micro-facettes. Cette distribution, Shifted Gamma Distribution, s'adapte aux donnée avec plus de précision. Nous montrons également comment calculer la fonction d'ombrage et de masquage pour cette distribution. Dans un deuxième temps, nous observons que pour certains matériaux, le coefficient de Fresnel ne suit pas l'approximation de Schlick. Nous proposons une généralisation de cette approximation qui correspond mieux aux données mesurées. Nous proposons par ailleurs une nouvelle technique d'optimisation, canal par canal, en deux étapes. Notre modèle est plus précis que les modèles existants, du diffus au spéculaire.

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Tran, Willie. "VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY FOR CHALLENGING SAMPLES AND SITUATIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366383830.

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Gentner, Janene Margaret. "Tissue analysis : multidisciplinary approach using FT-IR microspectroscopy and visual microscopy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.

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Leu, Jung-Ping, and 呂正平. "Measurement and Simulation of Reflectance Spectra on ZnSe-based Micro-structure." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75013488097117169547.

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Chiu, Ching-Wen, and 邱靖雯. "Enhanced light diffuse reflectance of silicon substrate using a micro/nano-scale hybrid structure." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21207249773704406012.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
105
There are two parts in the study. One study is about the micro/nano- scale composite structure effected to 6-inch silicon wafer. We used silicon pyramid structure then we sputtering silver film. For the Dewetting phenomenon, it can change the silver morphology to ball-like shape. Due to the tension of silver film and the coefficient of heat expansion difference between substructure and film. By changing annealing temperature, we get different size mask of ball-like silver. Metal assisted electroless chemical etching (MAEE) was used to fabricate hole structures which had advantage for anti-reflection. The benefit of this method is that it can fabricate large area, simple to product, low cost. It is an effective way to reduce reflection and increasing the ability of capturing photons. For the diameter of 100 nm and 100 nm depth hole, the diffuse reflection rate of whole wavelength(250-1100nm) decreasing to 3.3 % however, the carrier lifetime not obviously decreased. The second part of study is about the Indium nanoparticle characteristic of LSPR (Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance). When light interacting to metal, the electric field and magnetic field were periodically changed with time and space. It influence the distribution of electron in metal. The effect cause to the changed of charge density, energy level transition and polarization. The electric field was produces by these effects interact coupling to the electric field induce non by itself showed different optical and electronic phenomenon as scattering, absorption, refraction and dispersion. In this study it help to absorption of ultraviolent wavelength. When the hole diameter of 200 nm and 100 nm depth, deposition 2.5 min indium film then undergo thermal annealing, the diffuse reflection rate decreacing to 1.9 % and total reflection rate decreasing to 2.2% in ultraviolent wavelength(250-400 nm). Theses phenomenon improve the external quantum efficiency and improve the minority carriers lifetime by localized surface electric field. Moreover it can increasing the solar cell device power conversion efficiency.

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Kim, Iltai. "Label-free mapping of near-field transport properties of micro/nano-fluidic phenomena using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflectance imaging." 2008. http://etd.utk.edu/2008/December2008Dissertations/KimIltai.pdf.

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Arifler, Dizem Richards-Kortum Rebecca. "Reflectance-based optical diagnosis of epithelial pre-cancer modeling spectroscopic measurements, fiber-optic probe design considerations, and analysis of tissue micro-optical properties /." 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1812/ariflerd57215.pdf.

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Book chapters on the topic "Micro-reflectance"

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Kampouris, Christos, Stefanos Zafeiriou, Abhijeet Ghosh, and Sotiris Malassiotis. "Fine-Grained Material Classification Using Micro-geometry and Reflectance." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2016, 778–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46454-1_47.

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Marey Mahmoud, Hussein. "Painting on Fibers." In Preservation and Restoration Techniques for Ancient Egyptian Textiles, 60–92. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4811-0.ch004.

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In ancient Egypt, color expressed both symbolic and aesthetic value. For decorating purposes, the ancient Egyptians used an intensive chromatic palette based on a broad source of natural and artificial origins. Beside dyeing, decorating textiles in ancient Egypt had different forms, such as embroidery or the painting of a smooth coating applied on the textile matrix. Physical analytical approaches are an essential request prior any restoration project. In this chapter, the benefits of a wide range of non- or micro-destructive methods to study the physiochemical behavior of pigments used in ancient Egyptian painted textiles are presented. To garner data concerning the ancient materials, special techniques are used, such as the environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (ESEM-EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-Raman), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), colorimetry, and visible reflectance spectroscopy (vis-RS).

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Zhang, Lei. "Effects of the Novel Micro-Structure on the Reflectance of Photovoltaic Silicon Solar Cell." In Solar Panels and Photovoltaic Materials. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74972.

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Conference papers on the topic "Micro-reflectance"

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Huffman, Tyler J., Robert Furstenberg, Christopher A. Kendziora, and R. A. McGill. "Infrared complex reflectance micro-spectroscopy." In Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications VIII, edited by Nibir K. Dhar, Achyut K. Dutta, and Sachidananda R. Babu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2588170.

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Sidqi, Najwa, Caspar Clark, and Gerald Buller. "High reflectance mirrors for micro-cavity applications." In Material Technologies and Applications to Optics, Structures, Components, and Sub-Systems IV, edited by Bill A. Goodman and Matthias Kroedel. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2534672.

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Chen, Zhengchao, Bing Zhang, Xiaoyong Zhang, Hao Zhang, and Junseng Li. "Reflectance-based calibration of Beijing-1 micro-satellite." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417751.

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Pan, Xinhua, Nassim Rahimi, Askari Ghasempour, Francis Ndi, and Alain Price. "Influence of numerical aperture (NA) on micro-reflectance spectroscopy." In Photonic Instrumentation Engineering VI, edited by Yakov G. Soskind. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510619.

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McArdle, Patrick, Nathan Tomlin, Chris Yung, John Lehman, and Michelle Stephens. "Infrared micro-reflectance of small-area detectors for Earth energy imbalance measurements." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2023.aw4k.3.

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We have developed a low-cost setup for absolute infrared micro-reflectance to measure microstructures (< 1 mm). This setup is designed to characterize carbon nanotube microbolometers for use in space-based global energy imbalance measurements.

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Furstenberg, Robert, Andrew Shabaev, Christopher A. Kendziora, Christopher J. Breshike, Tyler Huffman, Andrew Kusterbeck, Dawn D. Dominguez, Samuel G. Lambrakos, and R. A. McGill. "Synthetic models for infrared reflectance signatures of micro-particle traces on surfaces." In Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XX, edited by Jason A. Guicheteau and Chris R. Howle. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2519041.

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Florin, C. C., C. Tibeica, M. Purica, and P. Schiopu. "Grating light valve based on high reflectance micro-beams: Design by simulation." In 2010 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smicnd.2010.5650239.

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Roig, Blandine, Anne Koenig, François Perraut, Olivier Piot, Michel Manfait, and Jean-Marc Dinten. "In vivodiffuse reflectance micro-spectroscopy for correction of Raman depth profiles acquired on skin." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Jürgen Popp, Valery V. Tuchin, Dennis L. Matthews, and Francesco S. Pavone. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2227130.

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Feng, Weiwei, Qingnong Wei, Shimei Wang, Shisheng Liu, Dexia Wu, Zengdong Liu, and Dongfang Wang. "Numerical simulation of polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) based on micro-facet model." In International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging: Technology and Applications 2007, edited by Liwei Zhou. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.790729.

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Gurka, Donald F., Stephen Billets, Jimmie W. Brasch, Russell H. Barnes, Charles J. Riggle, and Sidney Bourne. "Micro-Diffuse Reflectance And Matrix Isolation Fourier Transform Infrared Techniques For The Identification Of Tetrachlorodibenzodioxins." In 1985 International Conference on Fourier and Computerized Infrared Spectroscopy, edited by David G. Cameron and Jeannette G. Grasselli. SPIE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.970739.

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Reports on the topic "Micro-reflectance"

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Letcher, Theodore, Julie Parno, Zoe Courville, Lauren Farnsworth, and Jason Olivier. A generalized photon-tracking approach to simulate spectral snow albedo and transmittance using X-ray microtomography and geometric optics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47122.

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A majority of snow radiative transfer models (RTMs) treat snow as a collection of idealized grains rather than an organized ice–air matrix. Here we present a generalized multi-layer photon-tracking RTM that simulates light reflectance and transmittance of snow based on X-ray micro- tomography images, treating snow as a coherent 3D structure rather than a collection of grains. The model uses a blended approach to expand ray-tracing techniques applied to sub-1 cm3 snow samples to snowpacks of arbitrary depths. While this framework has many potential applications, this study’s effort is focused on simulating reflectance and transmittance in the visible and near infrared (NIR) through thin snow- packs as this is relevant for surface energy balance and remote sensing applications. We demonstrate that this framework fits well within the context of previous work and capably reproduces many known optical properties of a snow surface, including the dependence of spectral reflectance on the snow specific surface area and incident zenith angle as well as the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). To evaluate the model, we compare it against reflectance data collected with a spectroradiometer at a field site in east-central Vermont. In this experiment, painted panels were inserted at various depths beneath the snow to emulate thin snow. The model compares remarkably well against the reflectance measured with a spectroradiometer, with an average RMSE of 0.03 in the 400–1600 nm range. Sensitivity simulations using this model indicate that snow transmittance is greatest in the visible wavelengths, limiting light penetration to the top 6 cm of the snowpack for fine-grain snow but increasing to 12 cm for coarse-grain snow. These results suggest that the 5% transmission depth in snow can vary by over 6 cm according to the snow type.

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