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Journal articles on the topic 'Micro-Macro models'

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Published: 6 July 2024

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1

Kowerski, Mieczysław, Jarosław Bielak, and Mariusz Poninkiewicz. "Financial micro-macro qualitative response models." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H, Oeconomia 48, no. 3 (January 16, 2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2015.48.3.167.

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2

C., D., J. Stillwell, and J. Congdon. "Migration Models: Macro and Micro Approaches." Population (French Edition) 47, no. 3 (May 1992): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533753.

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3

Wagner, Michael. "Migration Models: Macro and Micro Approaches." Population Studies 47, no. 2 (July 1, 1993): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000147186.

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4

Nicola, PierCarlo. "Micro-founded macro-models and labour market☆." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 29, no. 3 (August 2006): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.08.098.

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5

Kedar, Orit, and W. Phillips Shively. "Introduction to the Special Issue." Political Analysis 13, no. 4 (2005): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpi027.

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The use of multilevel models—models in which lower-level (“micro”) units are nested within higher-level (“macro”) units—has blossomed recently in political science. Possible relationships in such models include macro variables influencing macro variables; micro variables influencing micro variables; macro variables influencing micro variables, and vice versa; and often most interestingly, micro-micro relationships varying interactively with macro variables. Most work in political science has drawn on the useful introductions of Raudenbush and Bryk (2002), Western (1998), and Steenbergen and Jones (2002). We refer readers to good general introductions/reviews of multi-level modeling in the articles in this issue by Bowers and Drake and by Franzese.

6

Buera, Francisco J., Joseph P. Kaboski, and Robert M. Townsend. "From Micro to Macro Development." Journal of Economic Literature 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 471–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211537.

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Macroeconomic development remains an important policy goal because of its ability to lift entire populations out of poverty. In our review of the literature, we emphasize that the best way to achieve this objective is to embrace a synthesis of methods and ideas, with the science of experiments as a unifying feature. Randomized controlled trials need representative data and structural modeling, and macro models need to be designed and disciplined to the realities and data of developing-country economies. Macroeconomic models have key lessons for gathering and analyzing micro evidence and for moving to an evaluation of macro policy. Resource constraints, heterogeneity, general equilibrium effects, obstacles to trade, dynamics, and returns to scale can all play key roles. A synthesis for macro development is well under way. (JEL C93, D00, E00, O10, O11, O12)

7

Ma, Lian Xiang, Rong Shan Bi, Xin Shun Tan, Zhen Dong Liu, Wen Wu Chen, and Shi Qing Zheng. "Turbulent Mixing and Scale-Up of Ejectors at High Schmidt Number." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1340.

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Micro- and Macro-mixing models were built and numerical investigation of turbulent mixing in ejectors was carried out. Mixture fraction and its variance presented by Fox were remodeled to demonstrate micro- and macro-mixing performance. The length needed to reach 98% micro- and macro-mixing were founded is functions of uj/umand D/d. The mathematical scale-up models were presented based on the simulation results using least square method for micro- and macro-mixing and five different cases were used to validate the models. The results showed that macro-mixing scale-up model agreed well with CFD simulations but the micro-mixing scale-up model had a less precision compared with that of macro-mixing model. This because that the mechanism of micro-mixing process is very complexity but the CFD models we used in this work are fairy simple.

8

Imbens, G. W., and T. Lancaster. "Combining Micro and Macro Data in Microeconometric Models." Review of Economic Studies 61, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 655–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2297913.

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9

Boutin, Claude, Francesco dell’Isola, Ivan Giorgio, and Luca Placidi. "Linear pantographic sheets: Asymptotic micro-macro models identification." Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2017): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/memocs.2017.5.127.

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10

Morini, G. "Micro and Macro Models of the Sweet Receptor." Chemical Senses 30, Supplement 1 (January 1, 2005): i86—i87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjh126.

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11

Menciassi, A., A. Eisinberg, I. Izzo, and P. Dario. "From “Macro” to “Micro” Manipulation: Models and Experiments." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 9, no. 2 (June 2004): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2004.828657.

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Cricri, Gabriele, and Raimondo Luciano. "Micro- and macro-failure models of heterogeneous media with micro-structure." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 11, no. 5-6 (August 2003): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-190x(03)00052-2.

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13

Szopa, Romuald. "Macro and Macro/Micro Models of Solidification - Numerical Aspects of Process Simulation." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 2564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2564.

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The solidification models basing on the Fourier equation with the additional term controlling the kinetics of phase transition are discussed. The different approaches to this term definition lead to the different solidification models, in particular the macro and the macro/micro ones can be taken into account. In the case of macro description the equation in which the parameter called a substitute thermal capacity is considered, while in the case of macro/micro approach the linear or exponential models of crystallization can be introduced. The solution of the problem can be found using the numerical methods. In this paper the boundary element method using discretization in time is applied, the examples of numerical simulations are also shown.

14

Page, Scott E. "Aggregation in agent-based models of economies." Knowledge Engineering Review 27, no. 2 (April 26, 2012): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888912000112.

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AbstractAgent-based models are often described as bottom-up because macro-level phenomena emerge from the micro-level interactions of agents. These macro-level phenomena include fixed points, cycles, dynamic patterns, and long transients. In this paper, I explore the link between micro-level characteristics—learning rules, diversity, network structure, and externalities—and the macro-level patterns they produce. I focus on why we need agent-level modeling, on how these models produce emergent phenomenon, and on how agent-based models help understand outcomes of social systems in a way that differs from the analytic, equilibrium approach.

15

Anashkin, P. A. "Digital information models as geospatial research tools." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 27, no. 3 (2022): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2022-27-3-19-29.

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The list of sectors of the economy that need digital geoinformation support for territories is growing dynamically. The conceptual and semantic apparatus of digital modeling of objects is developing no less dynamically, which often duplicates the essence of the terms used in geodesy and cartography, but uses other, sometimes contradictory, formulations. The problems of discrepancies in names, for-mats and the lack of well-established transformation algorithms do not allow achieving the maximum synergistic effect in information modeling technology and in practical economic activity. This work is devoted to identifying and systematizing problems based on an analysis of the current regulatory legal acts and trends in digital information modeling. The approaches to digital information modeling of ob-jects at the micro and macro levels are compared. The possibility of creating new knowledge, not amenable to algorithmization, based on associative perception of a three-dimensional visual image of a model, is considered. Discrepancies of essentially identical terms in the conceptual and semantic appa-ratus of modeling at the micro and macro levels are presented. The necessity of synchronization of definitions and composition of terms has been established. A mechanism for the formation of a classi-fier of attributes of a micro-level model based on well-established and debugged terms of a developed set of classifiers used in macro-level models is proposed. Using a specific example of urban environ-ment modeling (CIM), the role of the macro-level model as a consolidating basis for the interoperable integration of heterogeneous micro-level models is substantiated. The problem of developing an opti-mal algorithm for converting normative formats of data representation of micro-level models into for-mats of macro-level models and vice versa is formulated. Consolidation of BIM and GIS community resources is proposed for the purposeful development of information modeling technologies.

16

Oberfield, Ezra, and Devesh Raval. "Micro Data and Macro Technology." Econometrica 89, no. 2 (2021): 703–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta12807.

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We develop a framework to estimate the aggregate capital‐labor elasticity of substitution by aggregating the actions of individual plants. The aggregate elasticity reflects substitution within plants and reallocation across plants; the extent of heterogeneity in capital intensities determines their relative importance. We use micro data on the cross‐section of plants to build up to the aggregate elasticity at a point in time. Interpreting our econometric estimates through the lens of several different models, we find that the aggregate elasticity for the U.S. manufacturing sector is in the range of 0.5–0.7, and has declined slightly since 1970. We use our estimates to measure the bias of technical change and assess the decline in labor's share of income in the U.S. manufacturing sector. Mechanisms that rely on changes in the relative supply of factors, such as an acceleration of capital accumulation, cannot account for the decline.

17

Aifantis, E. C. "Gradient Deformation Models at Nano, Micro, and Macro Scales." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812366.

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Various deformation models incorporating higher-order gradients are discussed and their implications are considered in a variety of problems ranging from the determination of the size of dislocation cores or elastic dislocation interaction to the determination of wavelengths of dislocation patterns or heterogeneous dislocation distributions and the determination of the structure of solid interfaces and of localized strain zones during adiabatic shear deformation. Different scales are involved in each one of these problems: the nanoscale for single dislocations, the microscale for dislocation patterning, and the macroscale for adiabatic shear banding. Accordingly, different gradient models apply for each case, different types of gradient terms are involved and different expressions of the gradient coefficients are assumed.

18

Hassan, Tarek M. "Macro and micro models for large scale engineering processes." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 18, no. 1/2/3/4 (2003): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2003.002137.

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19

Lei, Zhen, and Yun Wang. "Global solutions for micro–macro models of polymeric fluids." Journal of Differential Equations 250, no. 10 (May 2011): 3813–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2011.01.005.

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20

CALDWELL, STEVEN, WILLIAM GREENE, TIMOTHY MOUNT, SIDNEY SALTZMAN, and RICHARD BROYD. "FORECASTING REGIONAL ENERGY DEMAND WITH LINKED MACRO/MICRO MODELS." Papers in Regional Science 43, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1979.tb01078.x.

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21

Ciucci, Francesco, and Wei Lai. "Derivation of Micro/Macro Lithium Battery Models from Homogenization." Transport in Porous Media 88, no. 2 (February 12, 2011): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9738-5.

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22

KANDLER, ANNE, CHARLES PERREAULT, and JAMES STEELE. "EDITORIAL — CULTURAL EVOLUTION IN SPATIALLY STRUCTURED POPULATIONS: A REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVE MODELING FRAMEWORKS." Advances in Complex Systems 15, no. 01n02 (March 2012): 1203001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525912030014.

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We consider the dynamics of cultural evolution in spatially-structured populations. Most spatially explicit modeling approaches can be broadly divided into two classes: micro- and macro-level models. Macro-level models study cultural evolution at the population level and describe the average behavior of the considered system. Conversely, micro-level models focus on the constituent units of the system, and study the evolutionary dynamics that emerge out of the interaction between these units. In this paper, we give an overview of the general properties of micro- and macro-level models using the examples of agent-based simulations and of continuum models based in diffusion theory; we highlight how both frameworks account for spatially-dependent processes. We argue that both micro- and macro-level models are well-suited to describe the process of cultural evolution in spatial settings and stress that micro- and macro-level models should not be considered as competing alternatives, but rather as complementary tools that can provide different insights into cultural evolutionary dynamics. Although adding spatial components to any model increases its complexity, we argue (based on the findings presented by contributors to this Special Issue of Advances in Complex Systems), that the incorporation of space into the evolutionary framework is a necessary step towards a more complete understanding of the process of cultural evolution.

23

Gadeikytė, Aušra, Aušra Abraitienė, and Rimantas Barauskas. "Application of Combined Micro- and Macro-Scale Models to Investigate Heat and Mass Transfer through Textile Structures with Additional Ventilation." Mathematics 11, no. 11 (May 31, 2023): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112532.

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In this study, computational models of heat and mass exchange through textile structures with additional ventilation at the micro- and macro-scale were investigated. The finite element analysis of advanced textile materials provides a better understanding of their heat and mass transfer properties, which influence thermal comfort. The developed computational models can predict air permeability (AP), thermal resistance (Rct), and heat transfer (h) coefficients at the micro-scale. Moreover, the mesh size was taken into consideration and validated with experimental data presented in the literature. In addition, computational models were extended to micro- and macro-scale forced ventilation models. Macro-scale finite element models require input parameters such as an effective heat transfer coefficient that are usually obtained experimentally. In this research, the heat transfer coefficients (hmicrolayer = 25.603 W/(K·m2), htotal = 8.9646 W/(K·m2)) were obtained numerically from the micro-scale model and were applied to a macro-scale model. The proposed methodology and developed models facilitate the determination of average temperature and temperature distributions through different through-thickness positions along the axis Oz. The simulations were carried out using Comsol Multiphysics and Matlab software.

24

Sari, Novi Primita, M. Faisyal Abdullah, and Agung Prasetyo N.W. "The model predict bankruptcy of bank in Indonesia: macro and micro indicators." Jurnal Ekonomi Modernisasi 16, no. 3 (December 16, 2020): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jem.v16i3.5038.

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This study aims to find the best model with a combination of macroeconomic variables and micro or internal variables of the bank itself to predict bankruptcy in Indonesian banks, especially state-owned banks represented by BRI Bank as the object of research. This research is a quantitative study using time series data using a regression analysis method where the selected macro and micro variables will be formed as models and tested for later analysis. There are two models used in this study, namely the Grover model and the Zmijewski model. The result of this research is to find an appropriate model to predict bankruptcy using macro and micro variables, and the best after the flow test is Grover's model. The groover model can produce a combination of macro and micro variables in accordance to investigate bankruptcy by proving that the macro variable that affects is the exchange rate, while from the micro side built by LDR, ROA, and company size.

25

Gärttner, Stephan, Peter Frolkovič, Peter Knabner, and Nadja Ray. "Efficiency of Micro-Macro Models for Reactive Two-Mineral Systems." Multiscale Modeling & Simulation 20, no. 1 (March 2022): 433–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/20m1380648.

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26

Shao, Dan, Guangmin Liang, and Shaoqiang Wang. "Comparison of Micro- and Macro-Characteristics of Vehicular Mobility Models." International Journal of u- and e-Service, Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2015.8.6.20.

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27

Snijders, Tom A. B., and Christian E. G. Steglich. "Representing Micro–Macro Linkages by Actor-based Dynamic Network Models." Sociological Methods & Research 44, no. 2 (August 30, 2013): 222–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124113494573.

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28

Voyiadjis, George Z., and Ganesh Thiagarajan. "Micro and macro anisotropic cyclic damage-plasticity models for MMCS." International Journal of Engineering Science 35, no. 5 (April 1997): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7225(96)00125-5.

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29

Le Bris, Claude, and Tony Lelièvre. "Micro-macro models for viscoelastic fluids: modelling, mathematics and numerics." Science China Mathematics 55, no. 2 (February 2012): 353–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11425-011-4354-y.

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30

He, Lingbing, and Zhifei Zhang. "Regularity of the solutions for micro–macro models near equilibrium." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 348, no. 1 (December 2008): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.07.045.

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31

Lions, Pierre-Louis, and Nader Masmoudi. "Global existence of weak solutions to some micro-macro models." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 345, no. 1 (July 2007): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crma.2007.05.011.

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32

Dosi, Giovanni, Mauro Napoletano, Andrea Roventini, and Tania Treibich. "Micro and macro policies in the Keynes+Schumpeter evolutionary models." Journal of Evolutionary Economics 27, no. 1 (July 7, 2016): 63–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-016-0466-4.

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33

Bellomo, N., A. Bellouquid, and N. Chouhad. "From a multiscale derivation of nonlinear cross-diffusion models to Keller–Segel models in a Navier–Stokes fluid." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 26, no. 11 (October 2016): 2041–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202516400078.

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This paper deals with a micro–macro derivation of a variety of cross-diffusion models for a large system of active particles. Some of the models at the macroscopic scale can be viewed as developments of the classical Keller–Segel model. The first part of the presentation focuses on a survey and a critical analysis of some phenomenological models known in the literature. The second part is devoted to the design of the micro–macro general framework, where methods of the kinetic theory are used to model the dynamics of the system including the case of coupling with a fluid. The third part deals with the derivation of macroscopic models from the underlying description, delivered within a general framework of the kinetic theory.

34

Crawley, Edmund, and Andreas Kuchler. "Consumption Heterogeneity: Micro Drivers and Macro Implications." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 314–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20200352.

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We document heterogeneity in the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) across household characteristics relevant to understanding heterogeneous agent models and monetary policy transmission. We find a strong negative relationship between household liquid wealth and MPC. We show that household liquid wealth predicts MPC closely for every other household characteristic we look at. We use a new empirical method that overcomes sources of bias found in the existing literature, along with administrative data from Denmark that allow us to identify heterogeneous behavior. We use our results to analyze monetary policy transmission mechanisms in both Denmark and the United States. (JEL D12, D31, E21, E43, E52, G51)

35

COLLARD, PHILIPPE. "FROM SELFISHNESS & ALTRUISM TO MACRO-BEHAVIOR." Advances in Complex Systems 23, no. 07 (November 2020): 2050016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525920500162.

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The central subject of this paper is the relation between the macro-level of the Society and the micro-level of its individuals. In complex real-life systems, this relationship is not trivial and even the result at the macro-level can be counter-intuitive. One of the first models that highlights this is the Sakoda and Schelling’s model of spatial segregation where a person uses a selfish rule to decide whether or not to leave his current place; on the basis of the ratio of “compatible” agents in the neighborhood of each individual, simulations have shown that tolerant agents group together beyond what their own tolerance imposes. This paper compares the macro-behavior arising from either selfish or altruist micro-motives; for this purpose, we propose agent-based computational models based, respectively, on selfishness, altruism and a mixture of both. Computational simulations show that (i) in a totally altruistic population, a vast majority becomes satisfied as if the agents were themselves selfish and end up spatially segregated; (ii) altruist micro-motives allow to reduce both the micro-macro gap and the segregation phenomenon; (iii) in a mixed population, the macro-effect depends both on the respective weight of each micro-motives and the allocation strategy.

36

Oborin, M., and E. Malyshev. "ANTI-CRISIS MODELS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 10 (2022): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-10-100-110.

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This article discusses the key factors that affect the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise. Within the framework of anti-crisis management, the use of strategic innovations as an effective tool for crisis management and stabilization of the main parameters of a business entity is proposed. The scope of the application of strategic innovations has been determined, allowing on the basis of specific criteria of economic development to form mechanisms for crisis prevention at the micro and macro levels. The object of the study is anti-crisis models of industrial development. The purpose of the work is to study possible ways out of the crisis of Russian industrial enterprises. In the course of the work, the peculiarities of the emergence and course of crisis situations in the real sector of the economy in the temporal and spatial aspect at the macro and micro levels are determined. The following research methods have been used: methods of system, situational and comparative analysis. As a result of the study, anti-crisis government spending, innovative preventive solutions, as well as the experience of international companies with the participation of Russian business are analyzed. It is shown that the creation and practical use of modern anti-crisis mechanisms can be considered an effective way to reduce the negative consequences of crisis phenomena. A model of statics and dynamics of crisis management has been developed. The key specific criteria for differentiating crisis situations at the micro and macro levels are classified, and the mechanism of their development is formed

37

Chetty, Raj, Adam Guren, Day Manoli, and Andrea Weber. "Are Micro and Macro Labor Supply Elasticities Consistent? A Review of Evidence on the Intensive and Extensive Margins." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.471.

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We evaluate whether state-of-the-art macro models featuring indivisible labor are consistent with modern quasi-experimental micro evidence by synthesizing evidence on both the intensive and extensive margins. We find that micro estimates are consistent with macro estimates of the steady-state (Hicksian) elasticities relevant for cross-country comparisons on both the extensive and intensive margins. However, micro estimates of intertemporal substitution (Frisch) elasticities are an order of magnitude smaller than the values needed to explain business cycle fluctuations in aggregate hours by preferences. The key puzzle to be resolved is why micro and macro estimates of the Frisch extensive margin elasticity are so different.

38

Abdulrazak, Bessam, Patrice Roy, Charles Gouin-Vallerand, Yacine Belala, and Sylvain Giroux. "Micro Context-Awareness for Autonomic Pervasive Computing." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 7, no. 2 (April 2011): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2011040104.

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Context-aware software provides adapted services to users or other software components. On the other hand, Autonomic Pervasive Computing uses context to reduce the complexity of pervasive system utilization, management and maintenance. This paper describes two context-awareness models, the macro and micro approaches, that define and integrate contextual views of individual pervasive components (micro level) and global knowledge of the system (macro level), and provides a more detailed overview of a micro Context-aware programming model for open smart space problems. These models are presented and compared with respect to their ability to meet the requirements of the Autonomic Pervasive Computing concept of the four selves.

39

Zhang, Tao Hong, Shou Gang Xu, De Zheng Zhang, and Aziguli Wulamu. "Degradation Modeling Research of Biodegradable Tissue Engineering Scaffold." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.642.

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Although the degradation modeling of tissue engineering scaffold is in its initial step, it can direct the design, optimization of scaffold and help the application in medical case of illness. This paper analyzes the modeling methods and gives the speciality of every model which is put forward by researchers in China and abroad about the degradation of tissue engineering scaffold. These models are divided into micro scale, macro scale and two scale models based on the modeling scales. The recent research is belonging to single scale modeling. Some researchers abroad probed to two scale modeling. The future model is prospected in multi scale coupling macro, micro, and meta-macro model.

40

Liu, Hongtan, Tianhong Zhou, and Ping Cheng. "Transport Phenomena Analysis in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 12 (April 8, 2005): 1363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2098830.

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The objective of this review is to provide a summary of modeling and experimental research efforts on transport phenomena in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Several representative PEMFC models and experimental studies in macro and micro PEMFCs are selected for discussion. No attempt is made to examine all the models or experimental studies, but rather the focus is to elucidate the macro-homogeneous modeling methodologies and representative experimental results. Since the transport phenomena are different in different regions of a fuel cell, fundamental phenomena in each region are first reviewed. This is followed by the presentation of various theoretical models on these transport processes in PEMFCs. Finally, experimental investigation on the cell performance of macro and micro PEMFC and DMFC is briefly presented.

41

Girard, Eric, James Nolan, and Fang Zhao. "On the Pricing Of Chinese Stocks." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i2.7633.

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This study identifies the leading risk attributes to Chinese stock returns. We demonstrate that the forecasting ability of a multifactor expression that includes micro (fundamental) risk factors conditioned by time-varying macro global and local risk factors is significantly superior to the forecasting ability of simpler nested unconditional models. We conclude that micro and macro local and global risks are instrumental in describing the return-generating process of Chinese equities. Using an attribution analysis, we further show that the valuation of Chinese equities is largely conditioned by expected changes in local and global macro risks, and less by unconditional micro risk premiums.

42

Couclelis, H. "Cellular Worlds: A Framework for Modeling Micro—Macro Dynamics." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 17, no. 5 (May 1985): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a170585.

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Cellular spaces have recently received a lot of attention in computer science and elsewhere as models capable of bridging the gap between disaggregate and aggregate description. Despite their obvious spatial interpretation, standard cell-space models are too constrained by their background conventions to be useful in realistic geographic applications. In this paper, a generalization of the cell-space principle is presented, based on discrete model theory, and then applied to a hypothetical but fairly complex problem of individual decision and large-scale urban change. The paper ends with a discussion of the wider import of this methodology, which has close links with, among other things, bifurcation theory, cognitive science modeling of individual decision and behavior, and other issues of actual or potential interest to geographers.

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Sudhamani, Chilakala, Mardeni Roslee, Lee Loo Chuan, Athar Waseem, Anwar Faizd Osman, and Mohamad Huzaimy Jusoh. "Performance Analysis of a Millimeter Wave Communication System in Urban Micro, Urban Macro, and Rural Macro Environments." Energies 16, no. 14 (July 14, 2023): 5358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145358.

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The signal power in wireless communication systems is influenced by various factors, including the environment. These factors include path differences, operational frequency, and environmental conditions. Consequently, designing a communication system that generates a stronger signal is highly challenging. To address this, large-scale path-loss models are employed to estimate the path loss and signal power across different frequencies, distances, and environments. In this paper, we focused on the urban micro, urban macro, and rural macro environments to estimate path loss and signal power at millimeter wave frequencies. We compared the path loss and received power among different path-loss models developed by standard organizations. Simulation results indicate that the fifth-generation channel model provides enhanced path loss and signal power in urban micro environments, while the third-generation partnership project model performs well in urban macro and rural macro environments when compared to other path-loss models.

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Bogomolov, S. V., N. B. Esikova, and A. E. Kuvshinnikov. "Micro-macro Kolmogorov–Fokker–Planck models for a hard-sphere gas." Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations 8, no. 5 (September 2016): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070048216050069.

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Kowalczyk, K., and Z. Mroz. "Description of anisotropy of textured metals using macro and micro models." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 105 (March 2003): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030188.

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Chouhad, Nadia. "On the scaling problem and micro–macro derivation of crowd models." Physics of Life Reviews 18 (September 2016): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2016.07.011.

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Roy, Sudeshna, Abhinendra Singh, Stefan Luding, and Thomas Weinhart. "Micro–macro transition and simplified contact models for wet granular materials." Computational Particle Mechanics 3, no. 4 (August 7, 2015): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40571-015-0061-8.

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Kosoy, Boris. "Micro channels in macro thermal management solutions." Thermal Science 10, no. 1 (2006): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0601081k.

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Modern progress in electronics is associated with increase in computing ability and processing speed, as well as decrease in size. Future applications of electronic devices in aviation, aero space and high performance consumer products? industry demand on very stringent specifications concerning miniaturization, component density, power density and reliability. Excess heat produces stresses on internal components inside the electronic device, thus creating reliability problems. Thus, a problem of heat generation and its efficient removal arises and it has led to the development of advanced thermal control systems. Present research analyses a thermodynamic feasibility of micro capillary heat pumped net works in thermal management of electronic systems, considers basic technological constrains and de sign availability, and identifies perspective directions for the further studies. Computer Fluid Dynamics studies have been per formed on the laminar convective heat transfer and pressure drop of working fluid in silicon micro channels. Surface roughness is simulated via regular constructal, and stochastic models. Three-dimensional numerical solution shows significant effects of surface roughness in terms of the rough element geometry such as height, size, spacing and the channel height on the velocity and pressure fields.

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Plankensteiner, Arno, and Bernhard Tabernig. "Bonding and Interfaces and their Thermo-Mechanical Performance on the Example of Plasma Facing Divertor Components for Thermo-Nuclear Fusion Reactors." Advanced Materials Research 59 (December 2008): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.59.31.

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The optimization of CFC/Cu-interfaces for plasma facing divertor components in thermo-nuclear fusion reactors is proposed and demonstrated via an integrative numerical-experimental approach mainly comprising a macro-scale to micro-scale finite element modeling technique together with fracture mechanics tests. Results obtained by finite element analyses of real-scale CFC flat tile divertor components under high heat flux loading conditions are verified by the findings of tests in an ion beam high heat flux facility. From the macro-scale FE models of the full component the loading conditions are derived for micro-scale FE models that incorporate principal details of the micro-structured CFC/Cu-interface thus allowing to capture explicitly locally acting dissipative mechanisms which in turn at the macro-scale in fracture mechanics experiments increase the fracture toughness of the CFC/Cu-interface.

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Aifantis, E. C. "From Micro- to Macro-Plasticity: The Scale Invariance Approach." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804724.

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An account of recent contributions to the theory of plasticity advanced by the author and his co-workers is provided with emphasis on deformation-induced anisotropy and texture formation. For the description of these effects, the so-called scale invariance approach is adopted which allows information and constitutive relations pertaining to single slip to be cast in the form of macroscopic constitutive equations. Various phenomenological plasticity models are derived this way with the extra dividend of deducing explicit expressions for the phenomenological coefficients. The method is particularly suited for large deformation anisotropic plasticity, as it reveals the inherent coupling between the evolution of back stress and the plastic spin. Extended models of macroscopic plastic behavior accounting for vertex and texture phenomena can also be obtained by slightly generalizing the kinematics and kinetics of the microscopic configuration to include rate, non-Schmid, secondary slip and grain orientation effects.