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Journal articles on the topic 'Micro level planning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Barkhuizen, Gary, and Ute Knoch. "Macro-Level policy and Micro-Level planning." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 3.1–3.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0603.

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This article reports on a study which investigated the language lives of Afrikaans-speaking South African immigrants in New Zealand. Particularly, it focuses on their awareness of and attitudes to language policy in both South Africa and New Zealand, and how these influence their own and their family’s language practices. Narrative interviews with 28 participants living in towns and cities across New Zealand reveal that while living in South Africa they were generally aware of macro-level language policies in the country, and were able to articulate how these policies influenced language practices at work and within their families. The absence of an explicit national language policy in New Zealand means that these immigrants, on arrival in New Zealand, base their understanding of the linguistic context in the country on the language practices that they observe in their day-to-day lives. It is these observations which guide their decision-making with regard to their own and their family’s language practices.

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Barkhuizen, Gary, and Ute Knoch. "Macro-Level policy and Micro-Level planning." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29, no. 1 (2006): 3.1–3.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.29.1.01bar.

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This article reports on a study which investigated the language lives of Afrikaans-speaking South African immigrants in New Zealand. Particularly, it focuses on their awareness of and attitudes to language policy in both South Africa and New Zealand, and how these influence their own and their family’s language practices. Narrative interviews with 28 participants living in towns and cities across New Zealand reveal that while living in South Africa they were generally aware of macro-level language policies in the country, and were able to articulate how these policies influenced language practices at work and within their families. The absence of an explicit national language policy in New Zealand means that these immigrants, on arrival in New Zealand, base their understanding of the linguistic context in the country on the language practices that they observe in their day-to-day lives. It is these observations which guide their decision-making with regard to their own and their family’s language practices.

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3

Mac Giolla Chríost, Diarmait. "Micro-level Language Planning in Ireland." Current Issues in Language Planning 7, no. 2-3 (May 15, 2006): 230–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/cilp096.0.

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ICHOU, Abderazaq. "Amazigh Language in Education Policy and Planning in Morocco: Effects of the Gap between Macro and Micro Levels of Planning." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 05, no. 08 (June 26, 2022): 3702–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i8-49.

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It has been almost two decades now since the Amazigh language has been integrated in the Moroccan education system. Morocco decided, after the King Mohammed the sixth famous speech in Ajdir in 2001, to make Amazigh language officially taught in Moroccan schools. Amazigh language started as a school subject in 317 primary schools in 2003, with the hope of covering all the Moroccan schools in 2010. However, the reality nowadays is completely the opposite. Even after another decade Amazigh language covers only 5% of Moroccan schools. This state of fact shows that there is a wide gap between official discourse at the macro level about the Amazigh educational policy and the implementation of this policy at the micro level. The objective of this paper is to investigate the manifestations and effects of the gap between macro and micro levels of language policy and planning concerning Amazigh language in Moroccan education system. The central questions that this paper is trying to answer are the following: i) how is the gap between macro and micro levels of language policy manifested in the Amazigh education policy? ii) How does this gap affect the status of the Amazigh language in Moroccan primary schools? To achieve the focal objective and answer the central questions of this paper, first we will analyze the vision of the policymakers at the macro level to enact the full integration of the Amazigh language in Moroccan schools. Second, to tackle the implementation part of the Amazigh education policy at the micro level, a questionnaire is addressed to Amazigh language teachers at primary schools. The focus of the questionnaire is twofold: a) have a clear image of the situation of Amazigh language at the micro level. b) Derive the challenges that hamper the implementation of the macro level policies at the micro level.

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Sreekanth, K. J., S. Jayaraj, and N. Sudarsan. "LP modelling for micro level domestic energy planning." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2016): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2011.626013.

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6

Morhachov, I. V., and I. I. Ovcharenko. "Improving the Micro-Level Financial Planning through Complementary Targeting." Business Inform 5, no. 520 (2021): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-5-365-370.

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The article concretizes dominance of targeting as a phenomenon for keeping inflation at the macro-level, and to improve advertising activities at the micro level. The success of the relevant instrument in anti-inflation and advertising policies actualizes the possibility of targeting key financial indicators of the organization that are important for its owners and financial administration, but are often overlooked on the part of its managers. The article closer defines the theoretical provisions for improving financial planning at the micro level by introducing complimentary targeting in the activities of commercial organizations. An algorithm and a key indicator are proposed, which be the «target» of the corresponding targeting. As such an indicator, the profitability of assets is substantiated, the target value of which in quantitative parameters should exceed the price of using bank loans. It is determined that in modern conditions with regard to commercial organizations in Ukraine, the profitability of assets should be equal to or exceeding 30%. Appropriate targeting at the micro-level is substantiated as a tool for smoothing and harmonization of contradictions between owners of large-scale commercial organizations and their managers of both the medium and the senior level. Ignoring the rule of necessity of exceeding the profitability of assets over bank loan rates is identified in the activities of a number of public joint stock companies that are leaders in terms of tax payments in Ukraine. In addition, the prevalence of the practice of using bank loans by relevant public joint stock companies, even with a «strong» balance sheet and a high level of liquidity and solvency, is specified. The dominance of the use of bank loans in the activities of leading industrial enterprises in the country instead of issuing their own bonds in the absence of exceeding the profitability of the assets of these enterprises over the price of bank loans indicates the underdevelopment of the domestic stock market and further increases the level of relevance of the targeting of the asset profitability indicator.

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Studer, Patrick, Felicia Kreiselmaier, and Mi-Cha Flubacher. "Language planning in the European Union: A micro-level perspective." European Journal of Language Policy 2, no. 2 (January 2010): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ejlp.2010.15.

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8

Datta, S., and R. Bandyopadhya. "An application of O.R. in micro-level planning in India." Computers & Operations Research 20, no. 2 (February 1993): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(93)90068-t.

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9

SATIA, JK, DV MAVALANKAR, and BHARATI SHARMA. "Micro-level planning using rapid assessment for primary health care services." Health Policy and Planning 9, no. 3 (1994): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/9.3.318.

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10

Singh, Pramod K., and Harpalsinh Chudasama. "Geo-information-enabled village level micro-planning for enhancing common good." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 189 (April 2023): 122336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122336.

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Schneider, Cindy. "Micro-level planning for a Papua New Guinean elementary school classroom: “copycat” planning and language ideologies." Current Issues in Language Planning 16, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2015.1042828.

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12

Mohapatra, Rama Prasada, and Changshan Wu. "Modeling Urban Growth at a Micro Level." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 6, no. 2 (April 2015): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2015040103.

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In this paper, the historical trend of urban growth and the associated drivers were examined through econometric analysis for the rapidly growing Grafton area in the State of Wisconsin. Specifically, panel data analysis was carried out to examine the drivers of urban growth such as demographic factors, location of jobs, travel time, housing types, property values, etc. Results reveal that panel data analysis, particularly the random effects model, was successful in analyzing the drivers of urban growth at the census block group level. This study found that population, local jobs, household income, and house price were positively associated with urban growth. The study also found that urban growth in the study area is not decided by the access to the nearest central city, but other factors, such as the rural atmosphere of the region, local jobs, and emerging centers of employment opportunities, have significant influences on urban development.

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Liang, Luyao, Hui Li, and Alice Chik. "Micro Language Planning for Sustainable Early English Language Education: A Case Study on Chinese Educators’ Agency." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 14212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114212.

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In language education research, micro-level language policy and planning (LPP) primarily concerns local actors’ decision making on matters in relation to language(s) and its users. Despite a growing body of literature focusing on micro-level language planning in educational settings, there is a scarcity of research examining early childhood education settings as the micro-level LPP context for young English language learners. By adopting a qualitative case study approach and drawing on an ecological approach to LPP, the present study examined the educators’ enactment of agency in micro-planning the English language education policy (LEP) in one Chinese kindergarten and the associated factors shaping their agency. Deploying a grounded theory analytical method, this study revealed that the sustainable implementation of the kindergarten English LEP depended on the principal, native English-speaking teachers, and the Chinese assistant teachers’ different degrees of agency. Additionally, the research findings indicated an array of contextual and individual factors nested in a hierarchical structure that facilitated, guided, and constrained the educators’ agency in a role-and circumstance-dependent manner. This study contributes to the pertinent literature by casting nuanced light on the different educators’ contributions to the micro-level LPP against a national policy that does not endorse early-year English language education.

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Bityukova, Viktoria R., and Robert Argenbright. "Environmental Pollution in Moscow: A Micro-Level Analysis." Eurasian Geography and Economics 43, no. 3 (April 2002): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.43.3.197.

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15

Šinko, Simona, and Roman Gumzej. "Towards Smart Traffic Planning by Traffic Simulation on Microscopic Level." International Journal of Applied Logistics 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2021010101.

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In this paper the consequences of road closures considering the introduction of a smart city solution, namely traffic simulation on micro level, are analyzed. The use-case comes from the city of Maribor in Slovenia with about 100 thousand inhabitants. To perform the analyses, the open source road traffic simulation package SUMO (simulation of urban mobility) has been employed to analyze the effects of the introduction of traffic regulations in real environment. Using it by experts in a plan-do-check-act loop, multiple scenarios with lesser impact of traffic regulations, as opposed to ad-hoc scenarios usually employed (e.g., for road works, events, etc.), can be considered and the best one chosen, leading to a smart city solution.

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Agyapong, Ahmed, and Abdul Samed Muntaka. "Strategic Planning And Performance Of Businesses In Ghana: A Comparative Study Of Micro, Small, And Large Firms." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2012): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i11.7373.

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Over the last three decades, numerous studies have been conducted on the relationship between strategic planning and organizational performance; all these studies have yielded inconclusive results. This article investigates this relationship using data from micro, small, and large firms operating in a developing economy. The results suggest that the planning-performance relationship is positive and very significant in micro level firms where strategic planning approximates disequilibrium. In small firms, we found that this relationship was positive and moderately significant. In large firms where strategic planning approximates equilibrium, however, the planning-performance relationship was positive but not significant. Accordingly, we present a new dimension to the strategic-planning-performance debate and suggest that the relationship differs on the basis of the firms level/size and economic environment.

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17

Lyulyov, Oleksii, and Hanna Shvindina. "Stabilization Pentagon Model: application in the management at macro- and micro-levels." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3).2017.04.

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The problem of instability of industries, clusters and states influences the countries’ economies. Unavoidable changes became an attribute of the strategic planning at every level. As a result, an effective tool is needed to evaluate stability at different levels in such a way that will make it possible to manage the changes. In this paper the concept of Macroeconomic Stabilization Pentagon (MSP) was analyzed for its applicability for the EU countries of low-an-middle-income economies including Ukraine. The data analysis brought new understanding of the assessment of the public policies’ effectiveness. The model has proven its efficiency not just in the sphere of public administration, but also for the micro level management. The authors proposed the Microeconomic Stabilization Pentagon to be implemented in the research at the level of enterprises

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18

Cru, Josep. "Micro-level language planning and YouTube comments: destigmatising indigenous languages through rap music." Current Issues in Language Planning 19, no. 4 (June 7, 2018): 434–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2018.1468960.

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19

Srinivasan, R., and P. Balachandra. "Micro-level energy planning in India—A case study of bangalore north Taluk." International Journal of Energy Research 17, no. 7 (September 1993): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440170707.

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20

Lu, Yu, Wenxia Liu, Chang Liu, and Qingxin Shi. "Reliability-constrained Bi-level collaborative planning of distribution network and micro-energy grid." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 152 (October 2023): 109199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109199.

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21

Preobrazhenskiy, Yuri V. "Spatial planning at the macro and micro levels: Problems of taxonomy and polarization (on the example of the Volga-Ural macroregion)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Earth Sciences 21, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7663-2021-21-4-228-235.

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The issue of spatial planning includes the subject of taxonomy. It seems that it is necessary to switch to the practice of planning, in addition to the meso-level (subject of the Russian Federation), at two taxonomic levels: the macroregion and the economic microdistrict. To do this, the article identifies the main properties of these formations. On the example of the Volga-Ural macroregion the properties of integrity, complementarity and connectivity are analyzed. The idea of using micro-level nodal districts (economic micro-districts) is substantiated as objects of spatial planning. Territorial differences between economic microdistricts of the Saratov region are revealed.

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22

Wollscheid, Sabine, and Trude Røsdal. "The impact of mergers in higher education on micro-level processes – a literature review." Tertiary Education and Management 27, no. 3 (September 2021): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11233-021-09074-4.

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AbstractAmidst increased research on mergers in higher education, studies addressing micro level processes are scarce and fragmented across disciplines: our aim is to systematically review existing studies, providing implications for research and practice. We grouped 21 studies from different countries under four themes: academic identity and self-image; cultural integration; staff reaction; teaching and research. Timing, status of institutions and staff, and disciplinary cultures apparently affect post-merger micro-level processes. Policy reforms might indirectly address micro-level processes following a merger, for example in a change of academic identities. Few studies investigated the impact of mergers on teaching and research activities. Studying merger consequences for academic core activities is complex, requiring a longer perspective involving students, staff and quantitative indicators. Longitudinal design in further studies might investigate changes from different angles and for different staff groups and students, exploring country differences in micro-level processes, applying a comparative design. Despite limitations, our review might inform the planning of merger processes regarding reactions at micro level.

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23

Dyachenko, Oleg. "Strategic planning institutionalization in sustainable development." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 06027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125806027.

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The article examines the relationship between strategic planning and sustainable development. A theoretical predictive model is presented, in which strategic planning as a state management function extends to various economic entities of the micro level. Based on this model, an attempt is made to prove that the economic system can acquire the characteristics of sustainable development. The implementation of this model is determined by solving the existing problems of strategic planning at the state level. In this regard, the topical problems of strategic planning are presented. Special attention is paid to the legal problems of sustainable development at various levels.

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Teodorowski, Piotr. "Micro-level Initiatives to Facilitate the Integration of Resettled Refugees." Migration Letters 17, no. 5 (September 28, 2020): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i5.830.

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Integration, a two-way process involving refugees and the host population, is a politically contentious issue. Successful integration of newcomers in a receiving community is required to create a cohesive society. Yet, there is still little understanding of how integration strategies are employed at a community level. This paper explores how micro-level activities such as education in local schools, lifelong learning and community activities delivered within the council area influence integration of refugees. It is based on a case study of one of the Scottish councils which decided to welcome Syrian refugees in 2015 and had no prior experience of refugees’ relocation. The findings showed the role of micro-level initiatives in the successful integration and proved that even a council with no prior experience of relocating refugees could build a cohesive community upon their arrival.

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Hampton, Midas, Sabine O’Hara, and Elizabeth Gearin. "Assessing Restorative Community Development Frameworks—A Meso-Level and Micro-Level Integrated Approach." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (March 1, 2024): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052061.

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This study critically examines existing frameworks aimed at establishing restorative practices in community development by conducting a comparative analysis of a meso-level development framework called the Five Pillars of Development and a micro-level framework implemented by a grassroots initiative. Both frameworks were implemented in Washington, DC, and both seek to address the enduring negative externalities disinvested communities face and suggest the need for restorative practices in community development. Restorative development practices trace their roots to the field of restorative economics, which is a subfield of sustainable development. It argues that sustainability must also address the sins of the past and restore systems and systems components that have been negatively impacted by past development practices. This study aims to discern the adaptability of the more broadly applicable meso-level Five Pillars framework in capturing nuanced micro-level frameworks like the one devised by the grassroots organization in Ward 8. By identifying potential gaps, this study proposes strategies to enhance the utility of the more transferable meso-level framework, particularly for communities lacking resources to formulate their own micro-level framework. This study, therefore, contributes valuable insights and recommendations for bridging potential disparities between the meso-level and micro-level frameworks, as demonstrated in the Ward 8 case. The overarching objective is to enrich the community development field by presenting a restorative framework that refines existing meso-level approaches and facilitates opportunities for micro-level applications.

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26

Sharma, A., R. Prasad, S. Saksena, and V. Joshi. "Micro-level sustainable biomass system development in central Himalaya: stress computation and biomass planning." Sustainable Development 7, no. 3 (August 1999): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1719(199908)7:3<132::aid-sd112>3.0.co;2-2.

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27

Chowdhury, Urmee, and Ishrat Islam. "A Study on the Relationship of Spatial Planning Aspects in Occurrence of Street Crimes in Dhaka City." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 15 (December 31, 2018): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj2018151130.

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Street crime, like mugging and vehicle theft, are the significant crime problems in every developing city of the world. The study area for this research is Dhaka city, which is experiencing an situation of increasing street crime. This research focuses on the relationship between spatial planning and street crimes and tries to recommend different strategies for prevention of crime and violence in the streets of Dhaka city by proposing urban design and infrastructure planning. The study tries to assess the relationship from macro to micro level through different spatial and physical planning components. For the detail level study, four Thana (police station) areas have been selected from Dhaka City Corporation area (DCC) according to their physical layout and other characteristics. In this level, the relationship is studied through the association between spatial layout and different physical planning factors like land use along with some elements of streetscape. Space Syntax methodology was applied to assess the impact of spatial configuration in occurrence of street crime with the selected four study area. In the micro level the study reveals that different types of land use with different design elements lead to change in public activity spaces which have impact on occurrence of street crimes. For the overall research the street crime data (both macro and micro level) of mugging and vehicle theft were collected from the police authority and some insecure places are identified by the local people through field survey. It is expected that the outcome of this research will unveil the impacts of spatial planning on occurrence of street crimes in a city.

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Liu, Zhiwu, Xuefeng Sang, Yang Zheng, Denghua Yan, and Wei Zhang. "Virtuous Cycle: An Idea of Water Resources Management and Top-Level Planning." Water 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111738.

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Facing the conflict between human activities and the ecological environment, this study proposes a “Virtuous Cycle” concept of water resource management and top-level planning. By analyzing and summarizing typical experiences from both macro-policy and micro-practice, the characteristics and mechanisms of the Virtuous Cycle are discussed. According to the analysis method of “Problem-Attribution-Goal-Task-Measures” (PAGTM), taking the “Five Water Governance” water management project in Zhejiang Province of China as a case study, the specific measures and technical framework of the Virtuous Cycle are explored. This study hopes to provide a reference for the top-level planning and path design of harmonious and sustainable natural-social water resources management.

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29

Omrani, Reza, Amer Shalaby, Goran Nikolic, and Ali Hadayeghi. "Development and Implementation of a Multi-Level Roadway Segmentation Methodology." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (August 9, 2019): 570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119867674.

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The reliability and applicability of traffic operation analyses depends on their ability to integrate relevant input from disparate databases in a seamless and automated manner. Inputs include information on road geometry, traffic composition, and spatial referencing. These databases are collected by different agencies for different purposes. As a result, a common definition of roadway segments is lacking across various applications. This paper developed a systematic segmentation methodology that considers the needs of various operational and planning studies. A multi-level dynamic segmentation approach has been developed to address different levels of requirements for various studies: at the micro level, referring to the smallest roadway segmentation for traffic simulation studies; at the meso level, representing a combination of several micro segments for traffic operation studies; and, at the macro level, corresponding to planning studies. In this paper, the proposed methodology for the segmentation of freeway and arterial corridors in Ontario (Canada) is demonstrated. At each level, several criteria were selected to identify the locations where the roadway network needs stringent analysis. Next, a pilot study was designed to evaluate the proposed methodology. It was found that the new segmentation methodology can successfully identify areas of congestion and queue growth/dissipation. Finally, the proposed segmentation methodology was implemented for more than 6000 km of Ontario’s roadway network. The results of this study can assist researchers and road agencies with defining a systematic roadway segmentation that can be utilized for different types of projects, ranging from traffic operation to planning studies.

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Brown, Jeff. "Learner agency in language planning." Language Problems and Language Planning 39, no. 2 (October 12, 2015): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.39.2.04bro.

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The role of language teacher agency in language policy and planning (LPP) enactment and implementation at the micro-level has received increasing treatment in the literature. Under-addressed in this context, however, is the role of the learner and the extent to which learner activity can be agentive. Seeking to redress this situation, this paper focusses on learner agency in LPP. After establishing a general ecology of language context, issues related to the problematic concept of ‘agency’ are addressed. This discussion draws upon poststructuralist critiques as well as the insights of sociocultural theory. A poststructuralist perspective provides a broad philosophical base for problematizing learner agency and supplies a critique of the limited structuralist approach characteristic of traditional LPP. A sociocultural lens supplies a more concrete conceptualization of how agentive learner activity operates interactively with teacher agency. The final section of the paper focusses on ethnography as a research methodology; ethnographic research yields qualitative data on learner agency that can be drawn upon in micro planning and policy-making. A relevant case study employing ethnographic methodology is discussed. The conclusion is that learner agency should be given more prominence in LPP research and literature.

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Matulin, Marko, Štefica Mrvelj, and Niko Jelušić. "Two-level Evaluation of Public Transport Performances." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 5 (January 26, 2012): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i5.151.

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The focus of this paper is evaluation of public transport (PT) performances. For this purpose the focus is on quantitative performance attributes of tramway network and two levels of the evaluation analysis are defined – the micro and macro level analysis. The two-level evaluation analysis can be used to solve the problem of ambiguity in conclusions about PT performances. The ambiguity appears when the set of collected data is incomplete, misinterpreted, partially analyzed or when some background impacts are neglected. For each level of analysis a set of performance indicators is defined and their mathematical formulations are presented. The selection of indicators is based on the analysis of expected events on the PT vehicle’s itinerary. The applied data collection methodology, necessary for testing of proposed evaluation approach, is described and the results are presented and discussed. It has been found that for a specific case the two-level evaluation analysis can be important for the control of PT performances and transport planning. KEY WORDS: evaluation, public transport performance, micro and macro level analysis, quality of service

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32

HEIDE, HENK. "MOBILIZING SPATIAL CREATIVITY AT THE MICRO LEVEL: THE DEMONSTRATION PLANS." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 84, no. 2 (April 1993): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1993.tb00642.x.

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33

Ma, You Jie, Li Guo Shi, and Xue Song Zhou. "Survey on Micro-Grid Technology." Advanced Materials Research 413 (December 2011): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.180.

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The micro-grid technologies become one of key spots in the research on distributed energy systems. In this paper, the components, systemic structure and operation modes of micro-grid are presented. From the viewpoint of technical connotation, the present research situation of key technologies for the micro-grid is reviewed. These technologies include new power electronic converter technologies, fault detection and protection, communication technologies, planning and design of micro-grid, as well as issues related to operation control and energy management such as supervisory and control architecture, control strategies and approaches, ancillary services, operation specification, modeling and simulation research in system level and unit level and micro-grid economic evaluation. The authors also point out that the optimal design of micro-grid topology and optimal configuration of distributed energy units are of significance for the implementation of maximum benefit of the whole micro-grid. Besides, the effective economic evaluation of micro-grid is a topic to be researched in detail.

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Dizdaroglu, Didem. "Developing micro-level urban ecosystem indicators for sustainability assessment." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 54 (September 2015): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2015.06.004.

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35

Schneider, Cindy, and Charlotte Gooskens. "Approaching micro-level planning from an intelligibility perspective: a case study from Pentecost Island, Vanuatu." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 38, no. 6 (August 2, 2016): 530–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2016.1212865.

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36

Liao, Na, Xinchen Gu, Yuejian Wang, Hailiang Xu, and Zili Fan. "Analyzing Macro-Level Ecological Change and Micro-Level Farmer Behavior in Manas River Basin, China." Land 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080250.

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Environmental degradation is closely related to unreasonable land use behaviors by farmers. In this study, participatory rural assessment (PRA) is used to conduct a detailed survey of farmers and plots and to collect relevant natural and social statistics. The accuracy of remote sensing data is verified by comparative analysis, and the change in status of various land use types in each research period is reflected by the change in the dynamic degree and change in range. We examine how farmers’ attitudes and behaviors affect environmental degradation, using a sample of 403 farmers in China’s Manas River Basin. Due to age, education, income and other differences, farmers’ land use behaviors, as well as their attitude toward and feelings about environmental degradation, vary greatly. We found that most farmers considered the environment to be very important to their lives and crop production, but nearly 21% did not know the causes of environmental degradation and nearly 8% did not consider the environmental impacts of their crop production activities. A new model for oasis expansion—land integration—is presented here. This model can increase the area of cultivated land, reduce cultivated land fragmentation, save irrigation water, improve the field microclimate and form a good ecological cycle. Through land transfer, ecological compensation and ecological protection incentives, the government should guide farmers’ land use behaviors toward cooperation with the river basin’s ecological protection and land use planning.

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Yu Chuan, Yun. "The Impact of Scenario Planning and Leadership on Non-Financial Performance in the Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) Industry." International Journal of Accounting Finance in Asia Pasific 5, no. 3 (October 20, 2022): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/ijafap.v5i3.1728.

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This study explores the impact of strategic management and leadership styles on non-financial performance in multi-level marketing companies. This study was carried out in Penang and Kuala Lumpur, using judgmental and snowball sampling methods. A total of 155 valid samples were gathered, and the data were analyzed using SPSS.The findings indicate that macro scenario, micro scenario, and transformational leadership significantly positively impact non-financial performance, whereas transactional leadership negatively influences non-financial performance. The industry scenario does not have a significant relationship with non-financial performance. These findings assist researchers and management teams in the MLM industry in better understanding factors contributing to better non-financial performance. Keywords: Industry Scenario, Macro Scenario, Micro Scenario, Multi-level Marketing (MLM), Scenario Planning, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership.

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Netzell, Olof. "A study of micro‐level variation in appraisal‐based capitalisation rates." Journal of Property Research 26, no. 3 (September 2009): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09599911003669682.

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Leatherman, John C., and David W. Marcouiller. "Study Area Specification in Forestry Economic Impact Analysis: Modifying County-Level Secondary Data." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/16.3.129.

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Abstract One of the important objectives of forest management planning is to enhance the beneficial economic impacts of resource policy decisions. Input-output is one of the common tools planning analysts use to assess economic impacts. This paper presents procedures whereby the county data files for the Micro-IMPLAN input-output modeling system can be adjusted to create economic models at a finer level of geographic specificity than county-based models. Models specified to the minor civil division level can permit closer evaluation of resource policy impacts on regions defined by resource-base rather than administrative or political boundaries. North. J. Appl. For. 16(3):129-136.

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Kulikov, Aleksey, E. Sulimenova, P. Pavlov, and A. Kulikov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORT PLANNING IN THE GRAPHS OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 10, no. 3 (October 10, 2022): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2022-10-3-150-161.

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The article analyzes the agricultural activity of the agro-industrial complex of the Volgograd region. A study of the value of the yield of winter wheat for a relatively long period from 1930 to 2021 was conducted. The transport component in the technological map of winter wheat cultivation has been determined. It is revealed that when harvesting grain, production transport and logistics systems with mass transportation chains at the micro, meso and macro levels arise. In the agro-industrial complex, it is imperative to work out technological schemes for cultivating agricultural crops and the correct organization of interaction between road transport and combine harvesters as part of harvesting and transport teams, based on modeling methods. The authors proposed to plan transport costs by constructing graphs at the micro–level "Sowing fields – district current", at the meso–level – using the graph "District current – district elevators", at the macro-level - using the graph "District elevators - port elevators". The effectiveness of the proposed measures is evaluated by economic methods. As a result, agricultural enterprises are able to plan their work taking into account new information technologies that ensure higher efficiency of their agricultural activities. The resulting economic effect is only for the individual links selected as an example of each of the levels of a large multimodal logistics system (at the micro level for the link (A_20–B_(1 )) – 61,660 rubles, at the meso level for the link (A_79–B_(33 )) – 625,833.3 rubles, at the macro level for the link (A_33–B_(2 )) – 10,923,680.6 rubles). It will reduce the transport component in the calculation of costs for the cultivation of winter wheat sold inside Russia and for export to Turkey and Iran.

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Devne, Manojkumar Popatrao, Ganesh Madhukar Dhawale, Jyotiram More, and Mundhe Nathuram Nitin. "Evaluation of Blended Irrigation Schemes: A Micro-Level Decadal Study of Shrigonda Tahsil in Drought Prone Western Maharashtra, India." Indonesian Journal of Geography 52, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.49759.

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The qualitative parameters of development of a quantitatively increasing population for a resource stressed country like India, is dependent on the sustainability of food availability. Agriculture remains to be a backbone of the economy and food supply. Agriculture, however, in many parts of India, even today, remains to be rain-fed. Recent efforts at the government level, Centre and State, have helped to bring a significant amount of land, initially under rain-fed agriculture, to under irrigation of various types. These varied types of irrigation change regionally; on various agro-factors. Source of water resources to be used for irrigation in the respective climatic sub-regions and the subsequent crop cultivated in the respective region are just a few primary factors controlling the effectivity of the type of irrigation method used. Irrigation requires technological inputs, which, in turn, requires financial expenses that need to be under the significant agro-factors mentioned above. Governments at the Centre and State levels; have been continuously making efforts to support irrigation practices through direct and indirect supportive schemes. These schemes have their positive, and at times, negative impact on the local agriculture at a micro-level. Agriculture is a state subject in India. The Centre does provide finance for various agricultural projects as well. Micro-irrigation has been and will play an essential role in the future in India. Ever since 1992, the government has been taking initiatives in micro-irrigation. These have eventually transpired into schemes, i.e., Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) in 2006, later upgraded to the National Mission on Micro Irrigation (NMMI) implemented since 2013-14 and subsequently National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture. The present study is an attempt to evaluate such 'State' (Central and State Governments)sponsored irrigation programs on agricultural practices at a micro level, over a decade (2005-2016). The study area identified for the same is a tahsil in the Ahmednagar district of Western Maharashtra. What is significant is that, the said tahsil Shrigonda; lies in the drought-prone region and that there have been cyclic variations in the rainfall, and the various agriculture crops cultivated through the last decade. State Government-sponsored schemes are seen to have been blended with Central Government schemes by the local farmers to achieve sustainability of crops. The effects of the same, on the cycle of products, is worth an observation.Human factors also play an equally important role while using the developing Technology of micro-irrigation. Farmers try-and-test various crops with the respective Micro-irrigation technique, in the respective agro-climatic regions, particularly when the source of water is not assured in the drought-prone area. Subsequent allied government schemes (farm ponds), the market value of the product, and perishability or shelf-life of the products also play a significant role in the choice of crop. The success of the micro-irrigation schemes will, however, be dependent on the effective delivery mechanism through close coordination among all the tiers of government and capacity building of beneficiaries.

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Kumar, Virendra, Anindya Jayanta Mishra, and Sonia Verma. "Health planning through Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 29, no. 6 (July 11, 2016): 703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-01-2016-0009.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide systematic empirical evidence on the health planning through Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNCs) in India. Design/methodology/approach – A micro-level study was carried out using qualitative study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 105 respondents selected from 42 VHSNC sites. A thematic analytical framework approach was used to analyse the data. Findings – The research results indicate that VHSNCs are playing a significant role in health planning. However, the committee meetings are not organised by the committee members on the regular basis. Most of the VHSNC members do not make village health plans. There are some challenges associated with the functioning of VHSNCs like insufficient resources, lack of people’s interest, insignificant attention and the unfair behaviour of the Panchayati Raj leaders. Practical implications – The implications of the findings suggest that VHSNCs play a significant role in health planning. However, the leadership is ineffective due to their partial capabilities and approach that generate non-conducive environment. Studies of such nature will be helpful for policy makers in understanding the current situation and micro-level picture of VHSNC and also in analysing it in the existing health system. Originality/value – VHSNC functions with a broader concern and cover range of social determinants at the village level. This study provides empirical evidence on the VHSNCs as lowest part of the health system.

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Sholeh, Moh Nur, and Mochamad Agung Wibowo. "Supply Chain in the Construction Industry: Micro, Meso, Macro." Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering 3, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jacee.3.2.50-57.

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The construction industry is so fragmented that in its implementation many have resulted in increased costs, delays, and inefficiencies. But this fragmented can not be a reason not to innovate. One approach to the solution used is supply chain construction. The purpose of this study is to map supply chains micro, meso, and macro. This level is tiered from the bottom to the top level as the concept of supply chain management. The qualitative and quantitative research method was used to map and analyze supply chains for each level. The results showed the micro-level is the basis of the supply chain which can be measured by SCOR for example. The meso level focuses on the strength of construction companies. Construction company strategies framework contract and Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP). Macro-level includes supply chain accumulation from micro and meso. It is expected that at the macro level is the harmonization of supply chains between stakeholders, namely the government, contractors, suppliers, and distributors with good policy regulations.

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Haugen, Heidi Østbø. "Chinese Exports to Africa: Competition, Complementarity and Cooperation between Micro-Level Actors." Forum for Development Studies 38, no. 2 (June 2011): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2011.572286.

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Daellenbach, Kate, Ciahn Dalgliesh-Waugh, and Karen A. Smith. "Community resilience and the multiple levels of social change." Journal of Social Marketing 6, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 240–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-06-2015-0032.

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Purpose This study aims to better understand the micro–meso–macro perspective in social marketing, through the examination of a transformative, primarily meso-level initiative aimed at developing more resilient communities in the face of disaster. Design/methodology/approach Research was oriented around two cases of community resilience planning. Relevant documents were reviewed, and a series of semi-structured interviews with the manager and advisors in an emergency management office were conducted, followed by in-depth interviews with 15 individual community participants. Findings The findings suggest a multilevel (micro–meso–macro) model of social change, incorporating fluid and interactive movement between the levels. In the context examined, community leaders were initially motivated to be involved due to their role, sense of altruism and curiosity. Their motivation to continue was encouraged, as misconceptions around emergency response were addressed and the value of community connections was highlighted. As planning progressed, greater involvement and empowerment resulted. Research limitations/implications This study is limited in its focus on two communities, and the context of emergency preparation and response. However, it contributes insights into a leading initiative designed to help build community resilience and insights into a micro–meso–macro perspective of social change. Practical implications The study also suggests that social marketers, when implementing a meso-level initiative, will benefit from considering multiple levels, seeking the involvement and cooperation of meso-level leaders which will help facilitate downstream change. Originality/value Contributing to the discussion of the micro–meso–macro levels of social marketing, this research examines disaster preparation and response – a context not frequently examined in social marketing. Findings suggest that interactive, multi-level thinking, especially considering the individual implementers of meso-level change as a “target market”, will benefit social well-being initiatives.

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Mahmood, Moazam. "A General Theoretical Framework for Analyzing Capital Accumulation in Agriculture." Pakistan Development Review 27, no. 4II (December 1, 1988): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v27i4iipp.621-632.

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This paper presents a fremework for micro analysis of the conditions of agrarian accumulation at the farm level. Individual or group level accumulation is seen to result from the production environment given to the producers. The producers' micro environment is provided by the village, the region, the agrarian sector and the economy.

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Mulliqi, Arta, Nick Adnett, and Mehtap Hisarciklilar. "Human capital and exports: A micro-level analysis of transition countries." Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 28, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 775–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2019.1603319.

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Kamkar, K., and H. Motieyan. "A SPATIAL PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR WIND FARM CONSTRUCTION WITH MACRO AND MICRO PERSPECTIVES." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W1-2022 (January 13, 2023): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w1-2022-355-2023.

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Abstract. Wind energy is well-known Renewable energy that contributes to countries achieving their sustainable development goals, so governments have planned to increase electricity generation from wind energy in recent years. Selecting suitable places for installing wind farms is one of the most challenging parts of wind energy projects because of the necessity of identifying various parameters, which is considered a site selection problem and needs spatial planning to solve. Furthermore, in constructing a wind farm, finding the optimum placement of wind turbines, known as the wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) problem, is crucial for obtaining maximum total power capacity while minimizing the number of turbines installed. In this research, the analysis is divided into two macro and micro levels to find an efficient and comprehensive approach. In the first level, after removing the restricted area, the MCDM method is used to find the most suitable sites, considering economic, social, and environmental criteria. After selecting one of the most suitable areas located in the middle of Alborz province, the GA algorithm as a meta-heuristic method is employed to solve the WFLO problem at the micro level. The essential criterion in this level is the wake effect among turbines which is simulated according to the Jensen model. As a test case, the selected area was subdivided into 144 cells that, after micro siting, 28 V47-660-45 turbines were placed, which could have a total power of 8732.283 kW capacity.

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Gibbens, Menini, and Carel Schoeman. "Planning for sustainable livelihood development in the context of rural South Africa: A micro-level approach." Town and Regional Planning 76, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/trp76i1.2.

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Drápela, E. "Application of Spatial Mobility Research as a Tool for Site Planning on a Micro-Regional Level." Transactions on Transport Sciences 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/tots.2009.013.

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