Relevant bibliographies by topics / Micro hydro pumps

Academic literature on the topic 'Micro hydro pumps'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Micro hydro pumps"

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Williams, A. A. "The Turbine Performance of Centrifugal Pumps: A Comparison of Prediction Methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 208, no. 1 (February 1994): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_009_02.

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Standard centrifugal Dumps may be operated in reverse as water turbines, and for hydroelectric plums of less than 100 kW (micro- hydro) they are often cheaper than specifically designed turbines. However, in order to use a pump in a micro-hydro scheme, the turbine performance-must be found either by testing or by calculation. Several methods have been suggested for predicting the turbine performance based on the data for pump performance at best efficiency, but they produce a wide range of results. In this paper, eight such methods are compared using an analysis of the effects of poor turbine prediction on the operation of a pump as turbine at a typical micro hydro site. The comparison uses the results of turbine tests on 35 pumps of various types and sizes, some of which have come from the author's own tests. None of the eight methods gives an accurate prediction for all of the pumps but one of the methods can be recommended as a first estimate of the turbine performance.
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Pokharel, N., P. Sapkota, A. Ghimire, B. S. Thapa, and B. Thapa. "Experimental Analysis of a Centrifugal pump in pump mode and turbine mode." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1079, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1079/1/012035.

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Abstract The national grid of Nepal faces several hurdles during its operation, especially in remote areas of hilly and mountain region. Citizens face blackouts of days to weeks, due disturbances caused in the grid in those regions. Micro hydro can be a very strategic backup for the national grid in those regions. However, due to lack of subsidy, which used to be provided in the past, for development of micro hydro, micro developers are unable to afford the construction cost of the micro hydro. Thus using Pumps that are readily available in the market at a much cheaper price, compared to custom built hydro turbines, as turbines can be a very economical alternative for such cases. But the concept of pump as turbine has not been utilized in Nepalese market. In this study, a centrifugal pump abundantly available in the Nepalese market has been used to evaluate its performance in turbine mode as well as in pump mode. A characteristic performance curve of the pump operated in turbine mode is obtained from the experimental data. The Best efficiency point and the operating regime is also determined based on the results obtained from experiments. The head conversion factor and discharge conversion factor calculated based on the data measured from the experiment, at various operating conditions, are compared to previous works done by other researchers. The performance obtained from the experimental analysis is comparable to the performance of the turbines installed in the micro hydro power projects. PAT can be a game changer in the micro hydro sector, by providing a very economical and technically viable option of expensive hydro turbines.
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Williams, A. A. "Pumps as turbines for low cost micro hydro power." Renewable Energy 9, no. 1-4 (September 1996): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(96)88498-9.

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Barbarelli, S., M. Amelio, G. Florio, and N. M. Scornaienchi. "Procedure Selecting Pumps Running as Turbines in Micro Hydro Plants." Energy Procedia 126 (September 2017): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.282.

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Lugauer, Florian Julian, Josef Kainz, Elena Gehlich, and Matthias Gaderer. "Roadmap to Profitability for a Speed-Controlled Micro-Hydro Storage System Using Pumps as Turbines." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020653.

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Storage technologies are an emerging element in the further expansion of renewable energy generation. A decentralized micro-pumped storage power plant can reduce the load on the grid and contribute to the expansion of renewable energies. This paper establishes favorable boundary conditions for the economic operation of a micro-pump storage (MPS) system. The evaluation is performed by means of a custom-built simulation model based on pump and turbine maps which are either given by the manufacturer, calculated according to rules established in studies, or extended using similarity laws. Among other criteria, the technical and economic characteristics regarding micro-pump storage using 11 pumps as turbines controlled by a frequency converter for various generation and load scenarios are evaluated. The economical concept is based on a small company (e.g., a dairy farmer) reducing its electricity consumption from the grid by storing the electricity generated by a photovoltaic system in an MPS using a pump as a turbine. The results show that due to the high specific costs incurred, systems with a nominal output in excess of around 22 kW and with heads beyond approximately 70 m are the most profitable. In the most economical case, a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 29.2 €cents/kWh and total storage efficiency of 42.0% is achieved by optimizing the system for the highest profitability.
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Novara, Daniele, and Aonghus McNabola. "The Development of a Decision Support Software for the Design of Micro-Hydropower Schemes Utilizing a Pump as Turbine." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 8, 2018): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110678.

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Pumps As Turbines (PATs) are a class of unconventional hydraulic turbines consisting of standard water pumps working in reverse mode as the prime mover. Such devices can be well suited for either in-pipe energy recovery or small-scale hydropower, but their practical application is hampered by the lack of comprehensive guidelines able to assist the designer in the determination of the optimal plant layout and the choice of equipment. In fact, the performances of a PAT will depend on factors such as its construction type, its size and the flow conditions under which the machine is expected to operate. Ultimately, the design of a PAT-based hydro scheme is a matter of trade-offs which are in most cases not trivial. An innovative software was developed in order to assist hydro designers and provide a visual aid when choosing between different layouts of the analyzed hydro scheme (e.g., more than one PAT in series/parallel, different shaft speeds), and has been applied to a real case study of energy recovery in a water network.
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Tahir, Muhammad Faizan, Haoyong Chen, Muhammad Sufyan Javed, Irfan Jameel, Asad Khan, and Saifullah Adnan. "Integration of Different Individual Heating Scenarios and Energy Storages into Hybrid Energy System Model of China for 2030." Energies 12, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112083.

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Traditional energy supply infrastructures are on the brink of facing a major transformation due to energy security concerns, environment pollution, renewable energy intermittency and fossil fuel scarcity. A hybrid energy system constitutes the integration of different energy carriers like electricity, heat and fuel which play a vital role in addressing the above challenges. Various technological options like combined heat and power, heat pumps, electrolysers and energy storages ease out multiple carrier integration in an energy hub to increase system flexibility and efficiency. This work models the hybrid energy system of China for the year 2030 by using EnergyPLAN. Atmosphere decarbonization is achieved by replacing conventional coal and natural gas boilers with alternative individual heating sources like hydrogen operated micro combined heat and power natural gas micro combined heat and power and heat pumps. Moreover, rockbed storage as well as single and double penstock pumped hydro storages are added in the proposed system in order to cope with the stochastic nature of intermittent renewable energy such as wind and solar photovoltaic. The technical simulation strategy is employed to analyze the optimal combination of energy producing components by determining annual costs, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The results substantiate that a heat pump and double penstock pumped hydro storage addition to the individual heating and electricity network not only proves to be an economically viable option but also reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
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Obriki, Mudiaga, Kpegele Le-ol Anthony, and Nkoi Barinyima. "Design Analysis of Pump as Turbine for a Coastal Region of Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1104.

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This research details the design analysis process of a 100 kW Pump as Turbine (PAT) micro hydro system for Sangama Community in the Asari-Toru Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. In order to achieve this, governing equations of fluid flow in pumps and pipes were applied to determine suitable design parameters of the system components, and also to select appropriate pump configuration. A design software, PAT+, was built in C# to help perform the design computations involved, although the software can be applied to PAT design for any expected power rating and desired system efficiency. From the results obtained, t was seen that a single stage pump of 28644 rpm operating at a head of 19.23 metres was suitable to generate the expected power. Parameters were varied and plots generated to show the effect of some parameters on the other, and it was deduced that the system head is inversely proportional to the flow rate. Also, for higher power outputs, higher design heads would be needed, although expected design output of a PAT should not exceed 100kW.
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Obriki, Mudiaga, Kpegele Le-ol Anthony, and Nkoi Barinyima. "Design Analysis of Pump as Turbine for a Coastal Region of Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.3.1104.

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This research details the design analysis process of a 100 kW Pump as Turbine (PAT) micro hydro system for Sangama Community in the Asari-Toru Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. In order to achieve this, governing equations of fluid flow in pumps and pipes were applied to determine suitable design parameters of the system components, and also to select appropriate pump configuration. A design software, PAT+, was built in C# to help perform the design computations involved, although the software can be applied to PAT design for any expected power rating and desired system efficiency. From the results obtained, t was seen that a single stage pump of 28644 rpm operating at a head of 19.23 metres was suitable to generate the expected power. Parameters were varied and plots generated to show the effect of some parameters on the other, and it was deduced that the system head is inversely proportional to the flow rate. Also, for higher power outputs, higher design heads would be needed, although expected design output of a PAT should not exceed 100kW.
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Pérez García, José, Antonio Cortés Marco, and Simón Nevado Santos. "Use of Centrifugal Pumps Operating as Turbines for Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks. Two Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 107 (April 2010): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.107.87.

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The main pipes in water distribution systems have, in many cases, an excess of static pressure. This excess of pressure is usually dissipated by means of intermediate reservoirs, pressure-reducing valves or any other device that produces the required energy loss with the aim to adjust the pressure level to the demand pattern of the system. This hydraulic energy can be used to directly drive a mechanical system or to generate electric power. In this type of recovery energy systems, the available hydraulic power is lower than 100 kW (micro-hydro). In this range, the utilization of conventional hydraulic turbines is not economically viable in short-medium time. In micro-hydropower applications the use of standard centrifugal pumps operated in reverse mode as hydraulic turbines (PAT) can be competitive. In this work, several prediction methods and algorithms suggested by different authors were analyzed and compared. Two case study, in the water system distribution of Murcia and Elche are also presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro hydro pumps"

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Alatorre-Frenk, Claudio. "Cost minimisation in micro-hydro systems using pumps-as-turbines." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36099/.

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The use of reverse-running pumps as turbines (PATs) is a promising technology for small-scale hydropower. This thesis reviews the published knowledge about PATs and deals with some areas of uncertainty that have hampered their dissemination, especially in 'developing' countries. Two options for accommodating seasonal flow variations using PATs are examined and compared with using conventional turbines (that have flow control devices). This has been done using financial parameters, and it is shown' that, under typical conditions, PATs are more economic. The various published techniques for predicting the turbine-mode performance of a pump without expensive tests are reviewed; a new heuristic one is developed, and it is shown (using the same financial parameters and a large set of test data in both modes of operation) that the cost of prediction inaccuracy is negligible under typical circumstances. The economics of different ways of accommodating water-hammer are explored. Finally, the results of laboratory tests on a PAT are presented, including cavitation tests, and for the latter a theoretical framework is exposed.
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Williams, Arthur A. "Pumps as turbines used with induction generators for stand-alone micro-hydroelectric power plants." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262127.

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Mashkour, Mohammad. "Micro hydropower in water distribution systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17855/.

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Considering various applications of Pump as Turbine (PAT) as an effective source of reducing the equipment cost in small hydropower plants as well as the selecting process of appropriate location and suitable machinery are the main concerns of this study. Vary range of PAT settings criteria has been propound by taking into account the State-of-the-Art researches. The purpose of this study is to establish the effectiveness of pump as turbine, considering all the possible obstacles such as producer’s market interests, accessibility of technical information and mechanical limitation. Cutting-edge scientific researches concerning PAT have been proposed by implementation of various approaches. The most challenging criteria of PAT, which is selecting the appropriate machinery, has been investigated subsequently. A comparative methodology to model the effectiveness of PATs, both numerical and experimental, has been developed based on the efficiency. The mechanical reliability of the hydropower devices in situ, prototype and numerical investigation have been reviewed. These results have been obtained through measurements and optimization of the simulated system by means of characteristic methods against the established PAT system in many different case studies. Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) allow to obtain a widespread and globally significant amount of produced energy by exploiting the head drop due to the network pressure control strategy for leak reductions. Replacing PAT in water distribution networks regarding to all the possible obstacles, will reduce the final cost and will improve the expected efficiencies, as much as the reduction of environmental impacts. This study definitively answers the question whether PAT is an effective alternative in WDNs. The comparative approach also aims for a better understanding of the impact of PAT on the transition to renewable energy systems.
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Kesharwani, Siddhi. "Low Head Hydraulic Pumping – Design, Simulation, and Field Validation of Ram and Turbine Pump in Indian River Basin." Thesis, 2023. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/6114.

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Water energy is essential for economic expansion and human development. Social progress and economic growth depend on meeting water energy needs sustainably. The use of non renewable energy sources for pumping water to high heads from a low head (surface flow or groundwater) has led to a global imbalance, leaving society vulnerable to an uncertain future. The thesis aims to bypass electrical energy for pumping water in a niche region of people near river basins, promoting interdependence and minimizing consumption. Technical engineering solutions applied in this work use the flow from rivers or streams as their primary input energy sources to pump 5 to 10 percent of the water needed for sustenance at higher elevations while returning 90 to 95 percent of the water that is used for pumping back to the stream. This endeavour has the potential to assist around 5% of the world's population who currently live along the river basins. The Taipadar village case study is illustrated, which is situated in the Tiriya river basin of the Chhattisgarh state, Bastar, in central-east India, to demonstrate the implementation of such technical solutions in the real world. The emphasis is given to the effectiveness of converting two hydraulic powers: input river flow and head and output delivered flow and delivery head. Afterward, in this research, the two appropriate engineering solutions of the Taipadar village, namely the Ram pump and Turbine pump, have been examined for their best performance, and monograms have been created to enable technicians and field personnel to develop their customized systems. A detailed comparison of two technologies (i.e., Ram pump and Turbine pump) is made with a discussion of their working principles and the results of tests conducted at a field station in central-east India. The H-Q-D (Head-Discharge-Diameter) chart is also developed to serve as a helpful tool for interpreting the technology concerning boundary circumstances and serves as a roadmap for upcoming innovations in such renewable hydro pumping devices. It is crucial to investigate the technologies' combined or individual overall optimum performance for the system design. To gain insights into the performance of the turbine pump, its blade geometry, represented by the blade thickness to chord length ratio (t/l), is analysed. This study on t/l highlights its effect on the specific speed of the turbine and, therefore, the pumping efficiency. This comprehensive work on t/l is a novel area of investigation that has been previously ignored or overlooked, but its findings have opened up new avenues for optimizing the performance of hydro turbines. The scaling effect of axial flow propellers while maintaining a constant t/l ratio, as well as varying chord lengths and blade numbers, is also addressed. A comprehensive qualitative theory of energy transfer and corresponding loss mechanisms is also provided, along with an analytical method. Moreover, in order to examine the performance of a hydraulic ram, this study analysed the stroke rate of the impulse valve, as well as the valve setting, drive head, and length, using two analytical models. These models (i.e., Tacke and Iversen) have validated the results that show good conformance with matching delivered flow. The analysis of the effect of control variables on input variables demonstrates that the field setup outperformed the lab setup. 4 The thesis, in the end, will provide the fundamentals, design, conceptualization, construction, evaluation, and field validation guidelines for implementing low-head micro hydro pump technologies to deliver water, generate electricity, and, most notably, convince society and policymakers to shift their current reductionist approach. The scaling and design of the turbine pump, pump selection, and flow output estimation with a technical-economic feasibility study procedure are also discussed.
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Books on the topic "Micro hydro pumps"

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Alatorre-Frenk, Claudio. Cost minimisation in micro-hydro systems using pumps-as-turbines. [s.l.]: typescript, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Micro hydro pumps"

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Harvey, Adam. "11. Crossflow Turbines; Reaction Turbines; The Francis Turbine; The Propeller Turbine and Kaplan; Draught Tubes; Reverse Pumps." In Micro-Hydro Design Manual, 173–86. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445472.011.

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Saini, R. P., S. K. Singal, and Imtiyaz Ali. "Development of Modified Pump Used as Turbine in Micro Hydro Plants." In Design Science and Innovation, 301–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6435-8_22.

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Burton, J. D., and A. G. Mulugeta. "RUNNING CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AS MICRO-HYDRO TURBINES: PERFORMANCE PREDICTION USING THE AREA RATIO METHOD." In Renewable Energy, Technology and the Environment, 2839–47. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-041268-9.50081-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Micro hydro pumps"

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Chattha, Javed A., Mohammad S. Khan, and Anwar ul-Haque. "Micro-Hydro Power Systems: Current Status and Future Research in Pakistan." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81148.

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The total installed electric power capacity of Pakistan is about 20,000 MW. Pakistan is currently facing a power deficit of about 4,000 MW. This deficit is creating huge difficulties for the consumers as electrical power load shedding has become a norm in all over the country. Currently only about 33% of the total power is being produced by hydro sources and major electric power is still produced by burning oil and gas. The hydro potential of Pakistan is estimated to be about 41 GW, out of which 1,290 MW can be generated by micro-hydro systems. These potential off grid micro-hydro systems are very essential for the consumers living in the remote areas of Pakistan and may be installed on canals and water falls which are abundant in the remote areas. This paper discusses the potential and the status of installed of hydro power systems in Pakistan. Cross flow turbines are being manufactured in Pakistan and are usually quite successful for micro-hydro systems. However, cross flow turbines are not suitable for majority of the prospective site conditions. Furthermore, custom made conventional turbines are not mass produced and for the micro-hydro systems, standard centrifugal pumps may be used as turbines. These centrifugal pumps are easily available in the market at comparatively much lower cost and shorter delivery periods. A pump was installed at a suitable site for generation of electricity, while running in turbine mode. It was initially estimated that the Pump as Turbine, PaT would be able to generate about 70 kW of power based on the available flow rate and head parameters at the site. Currently only half of that power is being generated by the PaT, under study. Efforts are underway to rectify the problems being faced and improve the power generation capacity of the installed unit. This paper discusses the problems associated with the use of PaT and measures being undertaken to make it feasible for the use of micro-hydro systems. Two major issues; draft tube design and presence of trash in the canal water, responsible for performance deterioration have been discussed in this paper.
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Amelio, Mario, and Silvio Barbarelli. "A One-Dimensional Numerical Model for Calculating the Efficiency of Pumps as Turbines for Implementation in Micro-Hydro Power Plants." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58080.

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Increasing interest in renewable energy sources makes attractive the exploitation of many small power hydraulic resources (micro-hydro – less than 100 kW). However, the high cost of hydraulic turbines hinders the actual realization of micro-hydro plants. An alternative cheaper solution could be to replace the turbine with a reverse-mode centrifugal pump, developing therefore a pump as turbine (PAT) system. Unfortunately, although a wide number of centrifugal pumps are commercially available for micro-hydro engineering plant, manufacturers do not provide information regarding the performance of centrifugal pumps in turbine mode. In this paper, a simple method based on a one-dimensional numerical code is presented for deriving the turbine efficiency of commercially available centrifugal pumps. The code estimates a sizing of the component using information such as impeller diameter, specific speed, head and flow rate at pump BEP, machine overall dimension which are provided in manufacturer catalogues, to deduce geometrical parameters of the machine, calculating the losses and thus determining PAT performances. The method was validated by a comparison of the predicted characteristic curves with some experimental measurements available on PATs working in a range of specific speed (Head in meters and flow rate in m3/s) from 9 to 65. The numerical code calculations effectively predicted the measured efficiency of PATs. At BEP, the efficiency was estimated with a relative error of ±10% which is a value much lower than one obtained by using the available in literature correlations. A prediction within this error range is generally accepted for this kind of application.
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Chattha, Javed A., and Mohammad S. Khan. "Experimental Study to Test an Axial Flow Pump as a Turbine and Development of Performance Characteristics for Micro-Hydro Power Plant." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22142.

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Standard centrifugal pumps are manufactured in a large number of sizes in order to cover a wide range of heads and flow rates. Conventional turbines, however, are not mass produced since they are custom designed and manufactured. Therefore, pumps are available in the market at comparatively lower cost and shorter delivery periods. In this paper an experimental study is presented in which the use of pumps as turbine (PAT) is explored for micro-hydro power generation. The objective of the study is to explore cheap alternate sources of energy production in remote locations of Pakistan. Extensive research has been carried out by Williams [1] in the field of using pumps as turbines. Only centrifugal pumps were studied to explore their use as turbines in that work. Since then quite a bit of advancement in this sector of technology has taken place. However, to the best of our knowledge, axial flow pumps have never been tested as turbines. The site conditions for micro-hydro power station usually find axial flow pumps to be more appropriate compared cross flow and pelton turbines. A commercially available axial flow pump was selected and test rig was designed and constructed in order to determine the performance characteristics of using the pump as a turbine. The test bed has a provision of simulating various head and flow rate conditions and dynamometer to measure the power output in order to determine the performance of the turbine. The simulated head and flow rates were varied for various typical conditions. Some minor modifications in the basic pump unit were made to accomplish these tests. The experimental study resulted in generating data for which head was varied from 4 to 12 m and flow rate from 700 to 900 m3/hr. For these conditions power developed ranged from 5–20 kW with a maximum efficiency of 70% corresponding to a head of 6.8 m and a flow rate of 800 m3/hr. Pump affinity laws and the data collected in this experimental study were then used to select a Kaplan turbine. This information was then used to choose a commercially available pump for typical low head and high flow rate conditions in Pakistan to generate about 100 kW of electric power, when running in turbine mode. This paper discusses the design and construction of the test rig to carry out experiments for testing pumps as turbines. Details of experimental procedure and results to determine performance characteristics are also presented. Finally selection procedure of a pump for a specific head and flow condition are also discussed in this paper.
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Dehkordi, Ehsan Alavi, Mahdi Esmaily Moghadam, and Mohammad Behshad Shafii. "A Novel Hydro Magnetic Micro-Pump and Flow Controller." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62130.

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In order to deal with the limitations of micro-pumps and micro-valves and meet the advantages of magnetic systems a novel plan is described here. The idea behind the plan is that magnetic particles, mixed and dispersed in a carrier liquid, can be accumulated and retained at specific sites to form pistons in a micro-tube using some external magnetic field sources along the tube. In other words, using some solenoids and switching them on and off, in a specific order and period, causes the desired external magnetic field variation through the tube. Changing the period and the mode of activation and deactivation of the solenoids, which are called switching time and switching mode, respectively, flow can either be pumped or controlled. It is to note that, if it is required, ferro-magnetic particles can be extracted and recharged to the flow. In this research a pressure driven setup has been fabricated to make the above idea feasible to execute. The effect of the working fluid, switching time, and different concentrations on the flow rate were investigated. The experimental results corresponded to an optimum switching mode for nickel particle of diameter less than 10 microns for a constant pressure head. In order to obtain both pumping and valving characteristics of the setup, switching time was varied from 0.01 s to 5.0 s. The graphs obtained from the experiments show that best pumping performance of the setup occurred at an optimum switching time and switching mode. In addition, concentration was an important factor that affected both pumping and valving characteristics of the setup. Also, due to the differences that exist between properties of water and ethanol, changing the working fluid to ethanol resulted in a different characteristic curve.
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White, J. D., A. G. L. Holloway, and A. G. Gerber. "Predicting Turbine Performance of High Specific Speed Pumps Using CFD." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77460.

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A pump with a specific speed of 12000 was chosen to operate as a turbine (PAT) for a micro-hydro site having 5 m of head. Turbine performance of the pump was unavailable so it was simulated using CFD. The CFD model was first verified by comparison of simulated pump performance and manufacturer data. Simulated PAT performance covered a range of flow rates, from one to three times that of pump best efficiency point (BEP), for blade angles of 0 and ± 4°. The PAT BEP was located at a flow rate of 1.4 times that of pump BEP and a head of 1.6 times. For the specific site this corresponded to a shaft power of 32 k W and a flow rate of 770 1/s. The PAT was found to have an extended range of good efficiency, > 60%, for up to 3 times the pump BEP flow rate.
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Esmaily Moghadam, Mahdi, and Mohammad Behshad Shafii. "Investigation of Switching Time and Pressure Head Effects on Hydro Magnetic Micro-Pump and Flow Controller." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55039.

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The significant importance of micro-scaled devices in medicine, lab-on-a-chip, and etc resulted in a vast variety of researches. The idea behind the novel hydro magnetic micropump and flow controller is that ferromagnetic particles, mixed and dispersed in a carrier fluid, can be accumulated and retained at specific sites to form pistons in a micro-tube using some external magnetic field sources along the micro-tube. This external magnetic field is related to some solenoids, which are turned on and off alternatively. Depending upon dragging speed of these pistons, which itself is a function of switching time, this device can be used to either increase (pumping) or decrease (valving) the flow rate of the carrier fluid. In this research the observations of pistons forming process and the related phenomena were investigated for different switching times in a pressure driven flow setup. In the first part of the experiments, the variation of flow rate versus switching time was investigated with nickel particles of less than 10 micron in diameter and (0.25gNi)/(100ccH2O) concentration in water at the optimum switching mode. In the next part, keeping all the parameters fixed, the effect of the pressure head variation on the flow rate was inspected.
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Nikolic, Mateja, Dejan Mrsevic, Leposava Ristic, Dorde Cantrak, and Novica Jankovic. "Induction Machine Driven Pump Applied as Turbine in Micro-hydro Power Plants." In 2021 6th International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/efea49713.2021.9406236.

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Mdee, Ombeni John, Torbjorn K. Nielsen, Cuthbert Z. Kimambo, and Joseph Kihedu. "Methodological Approach of Performance Evaluation for Using Pump as Micro Hydro-turbine." In ISES Solar World Conference 2017 and the IEA SHC Solar Heating and Cooling Conference for Buildings and Industry 2017. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2017.03.02.

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9

Chattha, Javed A., Mohammad S. Khan, Syed T. Wasif, Osama A. Ghani, Mohammad O. Zia, and Zohaib Hamid. "Design of a Cross Flow Turbine for a Micro-Hydro Power Application." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27184.

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Abstract:
The total installed capacity of the hydropower stations in Pakistan is about 7,000 MW which is about 20% of the total available hydro power potential. For possible micro-hydro stations, a potential of about 1300 MW exists at a number of low head and high flow rate sites. Work has been reported by Chattha et al. [1, 2] related to installation of a micro-hydro power station at one of the typical sites. An axial flow pump-as-turbine (PaT) was installed to generate electrical power at the micro-hydro station. The site selected for this work is quite typical and efforts are now being made to utilize the maximum potential of the site conditions. The PaT only utilizes about half of the available flow of water and a spillway was constructed at this site to divert the excess amount of water. The diverted water flows back to the main stream after bypassing the PaT. Work is now being carried out to explore the installation of a turbine in the spillway to harness the energy potential of the diverted water stream. This work includes selection, design, fabrication and installation of a turbine in order to generate electrical power utilizing the energy of water diverted to the spillway. A 100 ft3/sec flow rate with about 11 ft head is available at the spillway side. Considering these site conditions and indigenous fabrication expertise, cross flow type turbine has been selected for installation. Cross flow turbines are being manufactured in Pakistan and are usually quite successful for micro-hydro systems. Based on the available site conditions, a cross flow turbine has been designed. The diameter and length of the turbine runner have been calculated. Furthermore, the number of blades and radius of curvature have been determined along with other design parameters. The designed turbine is expected to produce about 50 kW of power. The complete design of the turbine, based on the available site conditions is presented in this paper.
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MORABITO, ALESSANDRO, GILTON C. A. FURTADO, ANDRE L. AMARANTE MESQUITA, PATRICK ., and HENDRICK . "VARIABLE SPEED REGULATION FOR PUMP AS TURBINE IN A MICRO PUMPED HYDRO ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATION." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1200.

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