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Journal articles on the topic 'Micro forces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Su, Quanliang, and Michael D. Gilchrist. "Demolding forces for micron-sized features during micro-injection molding." Polymer Engineering & Science 56, no. 7 (April 4, 2016): 810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24309.

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2

Perveen, Asma, M. Rahman, and Y. S. Wong. "Modeling of Vertical Micro Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.463.

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Due to the small feed rate used in micro-machining, ploughing force needs to be considered in addition to the chip formation force. A new analytical model has been proposed to calculate cutting forces of micro-grinding process based on the process configuration, work piece material properties, and micro-grinding tool topography. The proposed approach allows the calculation of cutting force comprising both the chip formation force and ploughing forcec considering single grain interaction.

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3

Yilmaz, Cagri, Ramazan Sahin, and Eyup Sabri Topal. "Theoretical study on the sensitivity of dynamic acoustic force measurement through monomodal and bimodal excitations of rectangular micro-cantilever." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): 045035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac3a55.

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Abstract We present a detailed analysis on measurement sensitivity of dynamic acoustic forces via numerical simulation of the micro-cantilever responses. The rectangular micro-cantilever is regarded as a point mass in the dynamic model of forced and damped harmonic oscillator. We use single- and bimodal-frequency excitation schemes for actuation of the micro-cantilever in the presence of dynamic acoustic forces. In bimodal-frequency excitation scheme, the micro-cantilever is excited at its first two eigenmode frequencies simultaneously as opposed to single-frequency excitation. First, we numerically obtain micro-cantilever deflections by solving the equations of Motions (EOMs) constructed for the first two eigenmodes. Then, we determine oscillation amplitude and phase shift as a function of acoustic force strength within different frequency regions. Moreover, we relate amplitude and phase shift to virial and energy dissipation in order to explore the interaction between flexural modes in multifrequency excitation. The simulation results point out that bimodal-frequency excitation improves the measurement sensitivity of dynamic acoustic forces at particular frequencies. Herein, simultaneous application of driving forces enables higher sensitivities of observables and energy quantities as acoustic force frequencies become around the eigenmode frequencies. For our case, we obtain the highest phase shift (∼178°) for the acoustic force strength of 100 pN at the frequency of around 307.2 kHz. Therefore, this method can be easily adapted to improve measurement sensitivity of dynamic acoustic forces in a wider frequency window.

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4

Wang, Z. W., G. Q. Pan, and Dong Hui Wen. "Applications of Ultrasonic Radiation Forces." Advanced Materials Research 215 (March 2011): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.215.259.

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This keynote paper aims at introducing applications of ultrasonic radiation force in industry. The chosen focus is to understand how to use it. Since the phenomenon of acoustic levitation can reflect the exciting of ultrasonic radiation force directly. The paper starts with an analysis on the tungsten ball floating on a sound field and ultrasonic micro-manipulation study in micro Electronic Mechanical System (MEMS). And ultrasound has been successfully used to degrade wastewater as its cavitation. At the same time, different kinds of micro-ultrasonic machining were used to show how exciting machining and ultrasonic radiation combined. A view from the authors and the final Conclusions show future applications of ultrasonic radiation force.

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5

Afazov, Shukri, Svetan Ratchev, and Joel Segal. "Effects of the Cutting Tool Edge Radius on the Stability Lobes in Micro-Milling." Advanced Materials Research 223 (April 2011): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.223.859.

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This paper investigates the effects of the cutting tool edge radius on the cutting forces and stability lobes in micro-milling. The investigation is conducted based on recently developed models for prediction of micro-milling cutting forces and stability lobes. The developed models consider the nonlinearities of the micro-milling process, such as nonlinear cutting forces due to cutting velocity dependencies, edge radius effect and run-out presence. A number of finite element analyses (FEA) are performed to obtain the cutting forces in orthogonal cutting which are used for determining the micro-milling cutting forces. The chip morphology obtained for different tool edge radii using FEA is presented. It is observed that at large tool edge radii the influence of the ploughing effect become more significant factor on the chip morphology. The results related to micro-milling cutting forces and stability lobes show that by enlarging the tool edge radius the micro-milling cutting forces increase while the stability limits decrease.

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6

Bhople, Narendra, Sachin Mastud, and Satish Satpal. "Modelling and analysis of cutting forces while micro end milling of Ti-alloy using finite element method." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021027.

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Micromilling is one of the preferable micro-manufacturing process, as it exhibits the flexibility to produce complex 3D micro-parts. The cutting forces generated in micro end milling can be attributed for tool vibration and process instability. If cutting forces are not controlled below critical limits, it may lead to catastrophic failure of tool. Cutting force has a significant role to decide the surface roughness. Therefore accurate prediction of cutting forces and selection of suitable cutting parameters mainly feed, is important while micro end milling. In present study, finite element method (FEM) based model has been developed by using ABAQUAS/Explicit 6.12 software. Von-Misses stresses and cutting forces are predicted while micro end milling of Ti-6Al-4V. Further, cutting forces were measured during experimentation using dynamometer mounted on micro-milling test bed. Cutting forces predicted by FEM model are in good agreement with the experimental force values. Obtained FEM results have been used to study the size effect in micro end milling process. Moreover, the effect of uncut chip thickness to cutting edge radius ratio (h/rc) on surface roughness (Ra) has been studied. It is found the feed 2.5 µm/tooth is suitable value to produce optimum surface roughness and cutting forces.

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7

Mekid, Samir. "Design and Testing of a Micro-Dynamometer for Desktop Micro-Milling Machine." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.267.

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The emerging miniaturized high-tech products are required to have increased functionalities of systems within a volumetric size on the order of 1 cm3. Hence, the parts are mesoscopic with complex microscopic features of a few mm length with machining accuracy of better than 1 micrometer with secured surface integrity as components will require high surface finish, tensile stress and crack free surfaces in order to function reliably. One of the characteristics to be measured is the cutting forces on the parts being machined. This paper will present the design, manufacture and testing of a miniature dynamometer capable of measuring cutting forces within a low range of 50N but with a resolution better than 1 mN and high frequency since the micromachining involves small cutting forces but the spindle rotates at high speed. The dynamometer is capable of measuring forces in five directions (±x, ±y, and z). The instrument was calibrated and exhibit very good results leading to a true validation. This instrument is assembled on a micro milling desktop machine designed in-house. It will not only support predicting the surface finish and chip thickness but also monitoring tool wear evolution and hence prevents/reduce tool breakage known to be one of the main issues in micro-milling.

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8

Mekhiel, S., A. Youssef, and Y. Elshaer. "ANALYSIS OF CUTTING FORCES IN MICRO MILLING." International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 18 (April 1, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/amme.2018.35004.

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9

Anand, Ravi Shankar, Karali Patra, Markus Steiner, and Dirk Biermann. "Mechanistic modeling of micro-drilling cutting forces." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 88, no. 1-4 (April 23, 2016): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8632-2.

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10

Malekian, Mohammad, Simon S. Park, and Martin B. G. Jun. "Modeling of dynamic micro-milling cutting forces." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 49, no. 7-8 (June 2009): 586–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.02.006.

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11

Zhang, Xuewei, Kornel F. Ehmann, Tianbiao Yu, and Wanshan Wang. "Cutting forces in micro-end-milling processes." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 107 (August 2016): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2016.04.012.

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12

Hesselbach, J., J. Wrege, and A. Raatz. "Micro Handling Devices Supported by Electrostatic Forces." CIRP Annals 56, no. 1 (2007): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.013.

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13

Boma, Malika BonguÃ©, and Maurizio Brocato. "Configurational forces in a micro-cracked body." PAMM 7, no. 1 (December 2007): 2090003–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700082.

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14

Li, Xue Feng, Chu Wu, Shao Xian Peng, and Jian Li. "AFM Interaction Forces of Lubricity Materials Surface." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.95.

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Micro interaction forces of lubricity surface of silicon and mica were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). From different scanning angle and bisection distance of the AFM, a new method of measuring micro static friction of lubricity surface materials was investigated. Results show that the micro coefficients of static and sliding friction of mica are less than the silicon, but the adhesive force is bigger. The mechanism of friction force of the two lubricity materials was discussed.

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15

Gong, Ya Dong, Jin Feng Zhang, Jun Cheng, and Yong Zhen Zhang. "A Processing Technical Analysis for the Characteristics of Forces and Surface Roughness in Micro-Scale Milling." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.535.

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The spindle speed, federate and axial depth of micro-milling are found to have a significant influence on the micro milling forces and surface roughness through experimental analysis of the micro-end milling process. To investigate these issues, an orthogonal test method is developed in this present work. Firstly, experimental analysis for the micro-milling forces and surface roughness was performed based on the micro-end-milling experiments of AL5083-O by using 0.396mm diameter micro-end mills with a miniaturized machine tool. Then, the datum of experiments were classified and analyzed by the orthogonal test method. Finally, the laws of micro-milling forces and surface roughness with changing process parameters were found and summarized. The spindle speed has a significant effect on the micro milling forces and surface roughness. In a word, the results of this work were useful to understand the characteristics of machining process and improve the machining performances.

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16

Ioi, Kiyoshi. "Study of a Brush-Type Micro-Robot Using Micro Coreless Motor." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 5 (October 20, 1999): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0448.

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This paper deals with a new brush-Type micro-robot using micro coreless motor. Though many mobile microrobots using PZT elements generally require some highvoltage amplifiers with electric cable lines, making it little difficult for the mobile microrobot to move about on long, thin pipes. The present micro-robot consists of many brush fibers, two coreless motors and an electric cell. The coreless motors with eccentric weights can generate centrifugal forces transmitted to the elastic brush fibers driving the microrobot. A basic mathematical model of the micro mobile robot using centrifugal forces is derived. Simple prototypes are developed, and high velocity is examined by experiments. The validity of the proposed mathematical mode was examined by way of the comparision of simulated and experimental results.

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17

Wu, Wen Ge, H. Xiao, H. F. Wang, and T. Xiao. "Study of Cutting Forces Models for Micro-Cutting Based on Strain Gradient." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.307.

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In micro-cutting process, it is very significant to study the variations of cutting forces and the factors affecting the forces for determining the machining parameters and for improving the performance of machining systems. The remarkable characteristic of micro-Cutting is that cutting parameters level closing to the crystal grain msize of material. Though, the prediction formula of micro-cutting forces should reference to strain gradient plasticity theory in formula construction, while cutting edge radius had been regard as a important parameters in the process of micro-cutting. The study show that, strain gradient reaction will be decreased by feed rate’s reducing in process, approximate expression of the strain gradient by the derivative of chip deformation rate, and the micro-cutting forces include hear flow stress, tensile flow stress ,and the friction force of rake surface.

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18

Chang, Fun Liang, and Yew Mun Hung. "Gravitational effects on electroosmotic flow in micro heat pipes." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 2 (July 17, 2019): 535–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-01-2019-0008.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the coupled effects of electrohydrodynamic and gravity forces on the circulation effectiveness of working fluid in an inclined micro heat pipe driven by electroosmotic flow. The effects of the three competing forces, namely, the capillary, the gravitational and the electrohydrodyanamic forces, on the circulation effectiveness of a micro heat pipe are compared and delineated. Design/methodology/approach The numerical model is developed based on the conservations of mass, momentum and energy with the incorporation of the Young–Laplace equation for electroosmotic flow in an inclined micro heat pipe incorporating the gravity effects. Findings By inducing electroosmotic flow in a micro heat pipe, a significant increase in heat transport capacity can be attained at a reasonably low applied voltage, leading to a small temperature drop and a high thermal conductance. However, the favorably applied gravity forces pull the liquid toward the evaporator section where the onset of flooding occurs within the condenser section, generating a throat that shrinks the vapor flow passage and may lead to a complete failure on the operation of micro heat pipe. Therefore, the balance between the electrohydrodyanamic and the gravitational forces is of vital importance. Originality/value This study provides a detailed insight into the gravitational and electroosmotic effects on the thermal performance of an inclined micro heat pipe driven by electroosmotic flow and paves the way for the feasible practical application of electrohydrodynamic forces in a micro-scale two-phase cooling device.

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19

Martynov, S. I., and L. Y. Tkach. "Magnetic drive micro/nanomotor model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012082.

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Abstract A model of a micro-/nanomotor with a hydrodynamic mechanism of motion due to the action of a rotating uniform external magnetic field is proposed. Micro-/nanomotor - is a chain of three charged particles, one of which has a magnetic moment. The total charge of the system is zero. In the absence of an external field, the particles are in equilibrium due to the action of the forces of attraction and repulsion, which corresponds to the minimum interaction energy. After applying a rotating magnetic field, a particle with a magnetic moment begins to rotate, forming a flow in the surrounding viscous fluid. The flow induces a hydrodynamic force that moves the chain in a specific direction. The forces of hydrodynamic interaction of particles with each other are taken into account, as well as internal forces holding the particles together. The dynamics of six model aggregates with one rotating particle is simulated numerically. The proposed mechanism for moving the chain can be used in the design of micro-/nanomotors and control them to deliver the payload.

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20

Jing, Xiu Bing, Huai Zhong Li, Jun Wang, and Jong Leng Liow. "Experimental Study of Cutting Forces in Micro End-Milling." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.357.

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Micro-end-milling is an efficient and economical manufacturing operation that is capable of accurately producing high aspect ratio features and parts. It is important to study the cutting forces in micro-milling for the planning and control of the process. This paper presents an experimental study of the cutting forces in micro-end-milling of a 6160 aluminum alloy. The measured cutting forces are presented and discussed for different cutting conditions, such as various feeds per tooth, cutter diameters, and cutting speeds. It is found that the peak cutting forces increase with increasing cutting speed and feed rate. The effects of tool runout on the cutting forces were also analyzed based on the experimental results, from which the influences of feed rate and cutting speed are found to be obvious.

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21

Zhan Zhenxian, 詹珍贤, 何建慧 He Jianhui, 姚海涛 Yao Haitao, and 王克逸 Wang Keyi. "Aspherical Liquid Micro-Lens Manipulated by Electrostatic Forces." Acta Optica Sinica 28, no. 2 (2008): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20082802.0361.

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22

Cho, Sung-San, Je-Sung Lim, Seungho Park, and Seungseop Lee. "Adhesion and Friction Forces of Micro Surface Bumps." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 28, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2004.28.8.1087.

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23

Mateos, Pablo Rodríguez, and Julio Eduardo Labarga Ordóñez. "Analytical forces model for micro-end-milling processes." International Journal of Mechatronics and Manufacturing Systems 7, no. 2/3 (2014): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmms.2014.064749.

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24

Fujii, Yusaku, Koichi Maru, Dong-Wei Shu, Bin Gu, Takao Yamaguchi, Rongsheng Lu, Thanaprasert Jutanggoon, and Preecha Yupapin. "Material tester with static and dynamic micro forces." Physics Procedia 2, no. 1 (July 2009): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2009.06.002.

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25

Mamedov, Ali, S. Ehsan Layegh K., and Ismail Lazoglu. "Machining Forces and Tool Deflections in Micro Milling." Procedia CIRP 8 (2013): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.06.080.

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26

Pietramaggiori, G., S. S. Scherer, J. Rentz, A. Kaipainen, P. Liu, V. Saxena, M. A. Konerding, and D. P. Orgill. "Micro-mechanical forces stimulate proliferation of perfused tissues." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 60, no. 4 (April 2007): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2007.01.053.

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27

Chae, J., and S. S. Park. "High frequency bandwidth measurements of micro cutting forces." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 47, no. 9 (July 2007): 1433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2006.09.028.

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28

Ding Cai-Ying, Tan Lei, Liu Li-Wei, and Xu Yan. "Light forces on moving atom in micro-cavity." Acta Physica Sinica 57, no. 9 (2008): 5612. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.57.5612.

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29

Afazov, S. M., S. M. Ratchev, and J. Segal. "Modelling and simulation of micro-milling cutting forces." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 210, no. 15 (November 2010): 2154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.07.033.

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30

Yuan, Yanjie, Xiubing Jing, Kornel F. Ehmann, Jian Cao, Huaizhong Li, and Dawei Zhang. "Modeling of cutting forces in micro end-milling." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 31 (January 2018): 844–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.01.012.

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31

Wang, Xiaoming, Zhenbang Xu, Shuai He, Qingwen Wu, Hang Li, Yaping Zhao, and Lei He. "Modeling and Analysis of a Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Micro-Vibration Simulator." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4840514.

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To reproduce the disturbance forces and moments generated by the reaction/momentum wheel assembly, a multi-degree-of-freedom micro-vibration simulator is proposed. This can be used in the ground vibration experiments of an optical payload replacing the real action/momentum wheel assembly. First, the detailed structure of the micro-vibration simulator is introduced. Then, the complete system kinematic and dynamic models of the micro-vibration simulator are derived. In addition, the disturbance forces and moments produced by the micro-vibration simulator are calculated. Finally, the normal mode analysis and a cosimulation are adopted to verify the validity of this method. The analysis and simulation results show that the micro-vibration simulator can exactly reproduce the disturbance forces and moments with different amplitudes and different frequency ranges.

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32

Perveen, Asma, Muhammad Pervej Jahan, Yoke San Wong, and Mustafizur Rahman. "Cutting Force Analysis of on-Machine Fabricated PCD Tool during Glass Micro-Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1085.

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Brittle and hard materials are problematic to mechanically micro machine due to damage resulting from material removal by brittle fracture, cutting force-induced tool deflection or breakage and tool wear. As a result, the forces arising from the cutting process are important parameter for material removal. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cutting conditions on cutting forces and the machined surface during the glass micro grinding using on-machine fabricated (Poly Crystalline Diamond) PCD tool. Experimental results showed that an increase in depth of cut and feed rate can result in increase of cutting forces and surface roughness as well. Among the forces in 3 axes, force along feed direction is found to be larger, which played a major role in material removal. Finally, it is observed that PCD tool exhibits promising behaviour to machine brittle material like BK-7 glass for producing micro molds and micro fluidic devices, since it has better wear resistance, experiences less cutting forces and generates smooth surfaces with Ra value of as low as 12.79 nm.

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33

Horiuchi, Osamu, Masami Masuda, and Takayuki Shibata. "Bending of Drill and Radial Forces in Micro Drilling." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.642.

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This paper describes theoretical analysis of bending deflection and anisotropic rigidity of drill, and the induced radial forces in micro drilling. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) There are two different modes of drilling which cause bending deflection of drill and induce radial forces. They are position error mode and run-out mode. (2) The radial forces induced behave quite differently between the two modes. (3) The radial forces increases as the depth of hole increases, because the rigidity of drill beam increases. (4) The position error mode induces a cyclic stress in the drill which may cause a fatigue breakage.

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Wu, Bing, and Huai Zhong Li. "Cutting Force Analysis in Micro Milling of Steel." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1017–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1017.

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An analysis of cutting force performance in the micro milling on steel has been carried out based on an experimental work using micro flat end mills on a precision CNC machine tool. It has been found that cutting forces occurred at low feed per tooth are relatively high by assessing the averaged peak forces from the experiments. When feed per tooth is relatively close to tool edge radius, the forces were not growing in linearity with the increasing feedrate. This finding indicates the significance of ploughing phenomenon as an effect of tool edge radius in micro milling.

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35

Priyanka Kulkarni and V.V. Shelar. "Analysis and effect of lateral forces on Micropiles." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.1.0157.

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Micro piles are small diameter pile (less than 300mm). Micro piles are generally used when there are difficult ground conditions, such as natural or man-made obstructions, sensitive ground with adjacent structures, limited access/low headroom. Micro piles are small diameter drilled and grouted friction piles. Each pile includes steel elements that are bonded into the bearing soil or rock – usually with cement grout. The bearing stratum is logged during installation drilling to assure that bearing capacity is adequate. This chapter presents a summary of various parameters defining the computational models. The bearing capacity and spring constant values for different pile diameter and different length is studied in this paper. Also, lateral pressure is also checked on the pile. The software SAFE 2016 used for the analysis of model.

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36

Kuram, Emel. "Micro-milling of unreinforced and reinforced polypropylene." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417711737.

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It is essential to determine the micro-machinability performance of polymer and glass fiber–reinforced polymer composite in order to effectively utilize the polymer and its composite as an engineering material at the micro-scale world. However, a literature survey revealed that not much work was done on the micro-milling of polymer and its composite. In the light of literature surveys, it can be said that the novelty of this study is to investigate the micro-milling performance of polypropylene and glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene manufactured with plastic injection molding process. The tests were performed at different feed rates and spindle speeds and the effect of these parameters on tool wear, burr width and micro-milling forces was investigated. In general, it was concluded that wear and forces in micro-milling of reinforced polypropylene composite were higher than that of unreinforced polypropylene. Micro-milling forces increased with feed rate and spindle speed for both materials. The lowest top burr size and force values were obtained at the feed of 50 mm/min and the spindle speed of 20,000 r/min. Unreinforced polypropylene gave better performance with respect to glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composite from micro-machinability aspect.

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37

Ananieva, Irina A., Anastasia Yu Menshikova, Tatiana G. Evseeva, and Josef Janča. "High-Speed Micro-Thermal Focusing Field-Flow Fractionation of Micron-Size Particles." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, no. 2 (2004): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20040322.

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Micron-size polystyrene-based latex particles were separated by using new micro-thermal field-flow fractionation (micro-TFFF). The order of retention from the largest to the smallest particles that appears at high field strength and high flow rate corresponds to the focusing mechanism which itself is a consequence of the lift forces acting on the particles. The mechanism of steric exclusion can only be effective at low flow rates of the carrier liquid. Whenever high-speed separation was performed, the focusing effect clearly dominated the FFF mechanism. This application of micro-TFFF in focusing mode to the separation of the particles is the first one published. As a result, micro-TFFF thus became a very universal technique for the separation of synthetic and natural macromolecules and of particles of various origin and size up to large (micron-size) diameter.

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38

Yang, Haidong, Zhengguang Han, Xiquan Xia, Qidong Wang, Juchen Zhang, Weijie Chang, Zhenhua Qing, Huohong Tang, and Shunhua Chen. "On the cutting force of micro-textured polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutting tool for powder metallurgy materials." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 7 (July 2020): 168781402093849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020938496.

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Micro-textured cutting tools were widely reported due to the improved cutting performance, for example, the reduction of cutting forces. However, the cutting performance is significantly dependent on the parameters of the micro-textures. In this work, some polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tools with designed circular micro-textures were designed and manufactured by laser processing technology, and used to machine powder metallurgy materials. The effect of micro-texture parameters (diameter, depth and density) on the cutting forces ( FX, FY, FZ and Fr) was studied by an orthogonal test, the effect of cutting velocity on the cutting force was also studied. The results have shown that the pit diameter and depth have more significant effect on the cutting forces than the cutting velocity and pit density. As compared with the non-textured tools, the textured tools can effectively reduce the cutting forces and the optimal cutting forces were achieved at parameters as 230 μm for diameter, 90 μm for depth, 20% for density and 110 m/min for cutting velocity. The present findings are of significance for the design of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutting tools and the processing of powder metallurgy materials.

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Li, Jie, Xiao Yan Wang, and Zhi Yong Wang. "Study on Interaction Theory of Thermal Distortion Friction Pairs and Effect on Friction Coefficient." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.223.

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The thermal distortion of friction pair will be produced in high line speed frictioning. For solving interaction theory from this problem, thermal distortion micro-bulges model of two interaction friction surfaces is built by ways of micro-interaction dynamics, and equations of contact forces of micro-bulges are obtained. By using mathematic statistics and normalization, equations of macro-normal and tangential contact forces are obtained, and relation between friction coefficient and micro-parameters is found. Contact forces and friction coefficient characteristics expressed by parameters of dimensionless clearance and curvature are simulated. The results show that the interaction theory is important in deeper understanding friction and wear theory in high line speed running, and offers reliable proof for future finer structure design of friction pair and model design of clutch.

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Wierzcholski, Krzysztof, and Andrzej Miszczak. "Temperature and Adhesion Influence on the Microbearings Operating Parameters." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.176.

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In presented paper are elaborated the preliminary problems of thermo-hydrodynamic theory of lubrication for dependences between temperature, adhesive forces, and oil dynamic viscosity, in micro-scale inside super thin cylindrical boundary layer arising between two cooperating grooved cylindrical surfaces. In cylindrical micro-bearings are visible the large gradients of temperature changes and adhesion changes in very thin gap height direction. Hence the oil dynamic viscosity changes significantly in gap height direction. This fact implies the visible oil flow velocity changes and friction forces and the hydrodynamic pressure changes during the micro-bearing exploitation. Up to now the influence of adhesion forces simultaneously with temperature on oil viscosity changes and next on hydrodynamic pressure and load carrying capacity changes in cylindrical micro-bearing gap were not considered in analytical and numerical way.

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Baroud, Charles, Ilene Busch-Vishniac, and Kristin Wood. "Induced Micro-Variations in Hydrodynamic Bearings." Journal of Tribology 122, no. 3 (August 10, 1999): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.555405.

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Fluid-structure interactions in hydrodynamic bearings result in load carrying and drag forces which give the bearing its characteristics. While these bearings offer many benefits as machine components, one of their shortcomings is their limited efficient range. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of micron-scale actuators to actively control the thrust and drag forces on a slider bearing. We show that for a set of control parameters, we are able to affect the performance of a bearing by more than 100 percent during operation, increasing the bearing’s range of operation. [S0742-4787(00)01602-7]

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Wu, Tao, and Kai Cheng. "3D FE-Based Modelling and Simulation of the Micro Milling Process." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.634.

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Modelling and simulation of the micro milling process has the potential to improve tool design and optimize cutting conditions. This paper presents a novel and effective 3D finite element (FE) based method for simulating the micro milling process under large deformations. A tooling model incorporating a helix angle is developed for cutting forces, tooling temperature and chip formation prediction. The proposed approach is experimentally validated and the simulated micro milling performance such as micro chip formation and cutting forces are in reasonable agreement with the measured results in cutting trials.

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Shen, Xue Jin, and Wei Jun Qi. "Experimental Studies of the Surface Forces on Micro Gap Plates with Different Bumps." Advanced Materials Research 60-61 (January 2009): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.60-61.130.

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An experimental analysis of the influence of the bumps on the surface forces in micro gap plates is presented. Because of extremely small sizes of micromechanical structures in MEMS, surface forces between micromechanical components may become significant to influence behaviors of microelectromechanical devices. The bumps are important in micro structures as they change the adhesion condition of the plates, and will influence the surface forces in micro gap plates greatly. To identify relative importance of surface forces with bumps, the experimental instrument which consists of the V-shaped electrothermal microactuator, the suspended plate and the flexible beam is designed. The displacements of the suspended plate with different bumps are measured by experiments, and the surface forces are got by calculation. By analysis, it could be found that the surface force increases with the increasing drive voltage and the increasing normal voltage, and the surface force gets the minimum when the number of the bumps is 9.

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Lu, Xiaohong, Hua Wang, Zhenyuan Jia, Yixuan Feng, and Steven Y. Liang. "Coupled thermal and mechanical analyses of micro-milling Inconel 718." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 4 (May 17, 2018): 1112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405418774586.

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Micro-milling forces, cutting temperature, and thermal–mechanical coupling are the key research topics about the mechanism of micro-milling nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718. Most current analyses of thermal–mechanical coupling in micro-milling are based on finite element or experimental methods. The simulation is not conducive to revealing the micro-milling mechanism, while the results of experiments are only valid for certain machine tool and workpiece material. Few analytical coupling models of cutting force and cutting temperature during micro-milling process have been proposed. Therefore, the authors studied coupled thermal–mechanical analyses of micro-milling Inconel 718 and presented a revised three-dimensional analytical model of micro-milling forces, which considers the effects of the cutting temperature and the ploughing force caused by the arc of cutting edge during shear-dominant cutting process. Then, an analytical cutting temperature model based on Fourier’s law is presented by regarding the contact area as a moving finite-length heat source. Coupling calculation between micro-milling force model and temperature model through an iterative process is conducted. The novelty is including cutting temperature into micro-milling force model, which simulates the interaction between cutting force and cutting temperature during micro-milling process. The established model predicts both micro-milling force and temperature. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical method. Based on the coupled thermal–mechanical analyses and experimental results, the authors reveal the effects of cutting parameters on micro-milling forces and temperature.

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Shen, Li, Shi Qiao Gao, An Ran Jiang, and Cai Feng Wang. "Analysis of Micro Structure’s Elastic Stiffness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.890.

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Based on the calculation and analysis of three kinds of elastic beam’s stiffness coefficient in micro machined gyroscope, the results show: in the condition of small displacement，forces and displacement are linear relationship in clamped-clamped beam, crab-foot beam and bow beam; but as the displacement increases, the relationship between forces and displacement are obvious non-linear in clamped-clamped beam. When the displacement is three times the length of beam’s width, the bow beam’s force and displacement are linear relationship. By ANSYS crab-foot beam and bow beam’s stiffness is obtained, the simulation results and the polynomial fitting coefficient are all credible.

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Zhang, Jin Feng, Ya Dong Dong, Yong Zhen Zhang, and Jun Cheng. "The Mechanism of Surface Trajectories and Milling Forces in Micro-Milling Processing." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2422.

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In practical industrial processing, in order to make the tiny functional devices assembly accuracy as high as possible, which raises an very high requirement for surface quality of micro workpiece. Some of the important factors in controlling the surface quality with the level of the trajectories and forces of the blade across on the workpiece have a great relationship. This paper presents generalized mathematical models of the trochoid and forces combined with the helix cutter geometry used in the industry. And then from both of these aspects analytical laws in-depth of the trochoidal curves and micro-cutting forces variation. It will be of great reference value for the study of micro-milling mechanism.

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Hajarian, Amin, Mahdi Moghimi Zand, and Naeem Zolfaghari. "Effect of Dispersion Forces on Dynamic Stability of Electrostatically Actuated Micro/Nano-Beams in Presence of Mechanical Shocks." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 09 (November 2019): 1950085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500856.

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Dispersion forces such as van der Waals and Casimir interactions become important when the size of structures shrinks. Therefore, the effective design of micro and nano-sized structures depends on appropriate consideration of these forces. In the current research, we analyzed the effect of dispersion forces on the dynamic behavior of a micro/nanobeam actuated by electrostatic forces subject to a mechanical shock. We used the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory including nonlinearities due to mid-plane stretching in our model. The equation of motion is solved using time-dependent finite element method, and pull-in forces are calculated. The stability regimes are evaluated as the set of three force parameters in which the beam elasticity overcomes the external forces, and the beam is able to vibrate without hitting the substrate. Results show that the design of the beam should be such that the three sets of non-dimensional parameters that determine the intensity of shock, dispersion, and electrostatic force do not fall above the stability limit to avoid pull-in instability. Our results have applications in the design of electrostatically actuated micro/nanobeams in mechanical shock environments such as accelerometers.

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Nakazawa, Takeaki, Yoshio Ichida, Yshitaka Morimoto, and Ryunosuke Sato. "21511 Measurement of grinding forces in micro groove grinding." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2007.13 (2007): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2007.13.263.

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Bárcenas, J., L. Reyes, and R. Esquivel-Sirvent. "Scaling of micro- and nanodevices actuated by Casimir forces." Applied Physics Letters 87, no. 26 (December 26, 2005): 263106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2152835.

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Niiyama, Takayoshi, and Akira Kawai. "Micro wetting system by controlling pinning and capillary forces." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 4-9 (April 2006): 1280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.132.

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