Relevant bibliographies by topics / Micro-Computed Tomography

Academic literature on the topic 'Micro-Computed Tomography'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Micro-Computed Tomography"

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Baird, Emily, and Gavin Taylor. "X-ray micro computed-tomography." Current Biology 27, no. 8 (April 2017): R289—R291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.066.

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Wenhao Chen, Wenhao Chen, Yudan Wang Yudan Wang, Huiqiang Liu Huiqiang Liu, Biao Deng Biao Deng, Yushuang Yang Yushuang Yang, and Tiqiao Xiao Tiqiao Xiao. "Pseudo-global tomography for local micro-computed tomography with high-brightness synchrotron X-rays." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 2 (2014): 023401–23404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.023401.

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Zagorchev, Lyubomir, Pierre Oses, Zhen W. Zhuang, Karen Moodie, Mary Mulligan-Kehoe, Michael Simons, and Thierry Couffinhal. "Micro computed tomography for vascular exploration." Journal of Angiogenesis Research 2, no. 1 (2010): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2384-2-7.

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Dame Carroll, J. R. "Airway dimensions measured from micro-computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography." European Respiratory Journal 28, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00012405.

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Lin, Tao, Xinye Ni, Liugang Gao, Jianfeng Sui, Kai Xie, and Shuquan Chang. "Evaluation of the Effect of a Tracheal Stent on Radiation Dose Distribution via Micro-CT Imaging." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (January 1, 2019): 153303381984448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033819844485.

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Purpose: To study the effect of a metal tracheal stent on radiation dose distribution. Method: A metal tube bracket is placed in a self-made foam tube sleeve, and micro-computed tomography scanning is performed directly. The foam sleeve containing the metal bracket is placed in a nonuniform phantom for a routine computed tomography scan. The stents in conventional computed tomography images are replaced by the stents in micro-computed tomography images. Subsequently, 2 sets of computed tomography images are obtained and then imported to a radiotherapy treatment planning system. A single photon beam at 0° is designed in a field size of 10 cm × 10 cm, a photon beam of 6 MV, and a monitor unit of 200 MU. Monte Carlo algorithm is used to calculate the dose distribution and obtain the dose curve of the central axis of the field. The dose is verified with thermoluminescence dose tablets. Results: The micro-computed tomography images of the tracheal stent are clearer and less false-like than its conventional computed tomography images. The planned dose curves of the 2 groups are similar. In comparison with the images without any stents in place, the doses at the incident surface of the stent in the conventional computed tomography images and at the stent exit surface in the rear of the stent increase by 1.86% and 2.76%, respectively. In the micro-computed tomography images, the doses at the incident surface of the stent and at the exit surface behind the stent increase by 1.32% and 1.19%, respectively. Conventional computed tomography reveals a large deviation between the measured and calculated values. Conclusion: Tracheal stent based on micro-computed tomography imaging has a less effect on radiotherapy calculation than that based on conventional computed tomography imaging.
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Eloot, L., N. Buls, P. Covens, I. Willekens, T. Lahoutte, and J. de Mey. "Quality control of micro-computed tomography systems." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 139, no. 1-3 (March 11, 2010): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncq088.

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Ritman, Erik L. "Micro-Computed Tomography—Current Status and Developments." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 1 (August 15, 2004): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140130.

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Chen, R., L. Xu, G. Du, B. Deng, H. Xie, and T. Xiao. "The dynamic micro computed tomography at SSRF." Journal of Instrumentation 13, no. 05 (May 9, 2018): C05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/c05006.

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Ball, A., R. Abel, J. Ambers, L. Brierley, and L. Howard. "Micro-Computed Tomography Applied To Museum Collections." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, S2 (July 2011): 1794–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611009846.

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Ahmed, F., and D. Sykes. "Micro-Computed Tomography in a Museum Environment." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S2 (August 2013): 626–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613005126.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro-Computed Tomography"

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Nogueira, Rocha Clementino Luedemann Tatiana. "Micro-computed tomography in caries research." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-70621.

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Chen, W. (Wu). "A novel detector micro-module for computed tomography." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514274474.

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Abstract To realize faster and more precise treatment of patients, CT technology has an urgent demand to make the CT detector arrays larger, and to cover a larger section of the body during one scan of X-ray imaging. A novel detector micro-module is developed in this thesis to meet this demand. In the novel detector micro-module, photocurrent signals are read out from the bottom side of the photodiode array chip. By avoiding the use of the top surface of the chip for routeing, as is the case in conventional CT modules, rectangular detector building blocks containing a certain number of detector elements can be produced. By tiling such building blocks in both x- and y-directions in a plane, detector arrays with any number of detector elements (in multiples of the number in a single building block) can be built. This cannot be achievable by the conventional method. The novel detector micro-module developed in this thesis consists of an array of 16×16 active elements, and the size of the array is 21×21mm2. The array of detector elements is soldered to a multilayer LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramics) substrate via a BGA (ball grid array) with each element soldered onto one solder sphere, from which photocurrent signals are read out. In this thesis, the working principle and the evolution of CT detector modules are reviewed and the necessity of developing the novel detector modules is justified. The concept and the structure of the novel detector micro-module are presented. The thermo-mechanical stress modeling and simulation of the structure is performed. The design and the process technology of the photodiode array for the novel detector micro-modules are discussed. The electronic characteristics of the novel detector micro-modules and the related front-end electronics are theoretically analyzed. The LTCC multi-layer substrate is developed. The assembly process of the novel detector micro-module is developed. The basic detector characteristics and light response measurement results of the novel micro-module are presented and discussed. By improving the photodiode silicon process technology, a dark current density as low as 33pA/cm2 is achieved. Excellent mechanical accuracy is achieved with the LTCC substrate. The dimensional tolerance is +/-10μm and the flatness value is less than 50μm over a distance of a 30.5mm distance. A 64-slice detector module is produced successfully by tiling several novel micro-modules. The novel detector micro-modules are superior to conventional CT modules on many respects while being tileable. Their light sensitivity curve is smoother. They exhibit extremely low signal cross-talk; They have nearly zero wiring capacitance compared to up to 20pF in commercial CT detector modules. They also have almost zero wiring resistance compared to tens of ohm or more than one hundred ohms in the present products. This result will have a significant impact on CT technology and the CT industry because the detector will be no longer the limiting factor in CT system performance.
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Ghous, Abid Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Digital formation evaluation via x-ray micro-computed tomography." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20581.

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Machined fragments of 10 core plugs from oshore reservoirs have been analysed using a high resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) facility. The facility includes a system capable of acquiring 3D images made up of 20003 voxels on core plugs up to 6 cm diameter with resolutions down to 2 um. The cores analysed include six cores from a gas reservoir and four cores from an oil reservoir. The cores exhibit a very broad range of pore and grain sizes, porosity, permeability and mineralogy. The petrological data, available only for gas reservoir cores, is compared with the data obtained from the tomographic images. Computational results made directly on the digitized tomographic images are presented for the permeability, formation factor, resistivity index and drainage capillary pressure across a range of . We show that data over a range of porosity can be computed from a single fragment. We compare the computations of petrophysical data on fragments to conventional laboratory measurements on the full plug. Permeability predictions from digital and conventional core analysis are consistent. It is shown that a characteristic length scale can be dened as a quality control parameter for the estimation of permeability. Results for formation factor, drainage capillary pressure and resistivity index are encouraging. The results demonstrate the potential to predict petrophysical properties from core material not suited for laboratory testing (e.g., sidewall or damaged core and drill cuttings) and the feasibility of combining digitized images with numerical calculations to predict properties and derive correlations for specic rock lithologies. The small sample size required for analysis makes it possible to produce multiple measurements on a single plug. This represents a potential multiplier on the quantity of core data allowing meaningful distributions or spreads in petrophysical properties to be estimated. We discuss the current limitations of the methodology and suggest improvements; in particular the need to calibrate the simulated data to parallel laboratory core measurements. We also describe the potential to extend the methodology to a wider range of petrophysical properties. This development could lead to a more systematic study of the assumptions, interpretations and analysis methods commonly applied within industry and lead to better correlations between petrophysical properties and log measurements.
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Rytky, S. (Santeri). "Contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography of cartilage and chondrocytes." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805312341.

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Contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography (CEμCT) is a widely used, cost-efficient method for imaging soft tissues. For articular cartilage imaging, different stains are used to assess amount of cartilage constituents. Osteoarthritis progression can be monitored using CEμCT in clinical environment and laboratory. In clinical modalities, ioxaglate (Hexabrix™) is used to indirectly assess proteoglycan content of cartilage. It is a iodine based anionic stain that has inversely proportional distribution to proteoglycan content. Collagen specific contrast agents are not in clinical use yet. In vitro studies that evaluate osteoarthritis progression use histological staining as a gold standard method. Downside for this is long required time and destruction of sample for a thin, two-dimensional view of the sample. Alternatively, μCT could be used as a non-invasive tool for this when using a collagen stain. One such contrast agent is phosphotungstic acid. It has been shown to be able for three-dimensional evaluation of osteoarthritis grade in same manner as with histological stains. Cationic contrast agent (CA4+) is used in vitro to assess proteoglycan content. It binds to glycosaminoglycan side chains while also slightly accumulating around chondrons. Its advantage is that it binds to target molecule giving accurate information about proteoglycan content when compared to other contrast agents. Chondrocyte imaging with contrast agents is quite demanding. There is not a commonly accepted stain for chondrocytes up to date, but such dyes would be of high interest. Some potential stains might be gallocyanin chrome-alum or glucose-coated gold nanoparticles. A possible method for using gold nanoparticles is proposed in this thesis. There are also studies of chondron morphology using hexamethyldisilazane drying. Downside for this method is tissue shrinkage that might alter at least superficial chondrons. Competing modalities for CEμCT include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. In clinical environment MRI has clear advantage as it does not require utilization of ionizing radiation to produce great soft tissue contrast. High cost and low availability however are main limitations. Spectroscopic methods do not require contrast agents, but especially infrared spectroscopy requires extensive sample preparation and these methods provide only 2D maps of the sample. Latest methods for desktop CEμCT cartilage imaging are reviewed in this thesis. Extracellular matrix assessing methods are studied in clinic and in vitro. Some chondrocyte imaging possibilities are discussed. CEμCT can be used to cost-effectively assess articular cartilage characteristics and OA progression in 3D.
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Amurao, Maxwell Leland Ramirez. "Investigating collagen hydration with micro computed tomography a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com.libproxy.uthscsa.edu/pqdweb?did=1625775011&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Rathore, Jitendra Singh. "Computed tomography based quality optimization of micro injection molding." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422422.

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Micro injection molding is a well-established manufacturing techniques for mass replication of micro parts. However, a new product development requires a process optimization with respect to the desired quality criteria. From the quality aspect, there has been demands for new technologies for quality assessment of the micro products. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an emerging technology for industrial quality control. The current project focuses on application based quality optimization of micro injection molded parts utilizing X-ray CT. Processing parameters play a significant role in the final part quality; the most crucial parameters are: melt temperature, mold temperature, cooling time, packing pressure etc. The influence of the process parameters on the part quality is investigated by means of design of experiment approach. X-ray CT is an extremely powerful tool which can used for different evaluations and analyses e.g. dimensional metrology, internal porosity, fiber orientation etc. Within the framework of this project, three different studies have been performed based on their critical quality aspects. First study was focused on microfluidics where holistic dimensional quality control is desired. X-ray CT was used for the overall part measurement related to shrinkage and warpage, whereas conventional three dimensional optical profiler was employed used for the micro channel measurements. CT based data fusion approach was applied for the holistic part measurements. Moreover, the effect of electron beam alignment was also studied on the CT measurements of micro molded parts. Fiber-reinforced polymers are commonly used in micro injection applications where higher mechanical properties are desirable e.g. in electronic connectors. Nevertheless, the use of fiber-reinforced polymers affects the desired accuracy, which is attributed mainly to the orientation of fibers in the final part. The non-destructive nature of X-ray CT allows to study the fiber orientation and its effect on the dimensional accuracy of the parts. An experimental investigation was carried out focusing the influence of process parameters (melt temperature, mold temperature, cooling time and packing pressure) on the desired fiber characteristics (orientation, fiber volume content iv etc.). A simulation based study was also performed to validate the CT based characterization of fiber reinforced composites. The last part was focused on a specific micro injection molding application where the internal defects (voids) alter the quality adversely. A series of experimental investigations were made by varying the critical process parameters. X-ray CT was used for the part characterization and quality assessment considering the different quality criteria e.g. total void volume, part volume (shrinkage) etc. Optimal set of process parameters was identified by performing the statistical analysis.
Il micro-srampaggio a iniezione è una tecnica di produzione ben consolidata per la replica in massa di micro parti. Tuttavia, lo sviluppo di un nuovo prodotto richiede un'ottimizzazione di processo conforme ai parametri di qualità desiderati. Dal punto di vista della qualità, sono richieste nuove tecnologie per la valutazione della qualità di micro prodotti e parti. La tomografia computerizzata a raggi X (CT) è una tecnologia emergente per il controllo della qualità nel settore industriale. L'attuale progetto si concentra sull'ottimizzazione della qualità di parti micro-stampate a micro iniezione, utilizzando la CT a raggi X. I parametri di lavorazione giocano un ruolo significativo nella qualità del prodotto finale; i parametri più importanti sono: temperatura del fuso, temperatura dello stampo, tempo di raffreddamento, pressione di compattazione, ecc. L'influenza dei parametri di processo sulla qualità del pezzo viene analizzata tramite la progettazione dell'approccio sperimentale. La tomografia a raggi X è uno strumento estremamente potente che può essere utilizzato per diverse valutazioni e analisi, ad es. metrologia dimensionale, porosità interna, orientamento delle fibre, ecc. Nell'ambito di questo progetto, sono stati condotti tre diversi studi in base agli elementi di qualità più rilevanti. Il primo studio si è concentrato sulla microfluidica dove è desiderato un controllo qualitativo dimensionale olistico. La tomografia a raggi X è stata utilizzata per la misurazione complessiva del pezzo, in particolare per le dimensioni e le deformazioni; mentre la profilometria ottica tridimensionale è stata utilizzata per le misurazioni dei micro canali. La fusione dei dati, ottenuti tramite l’uso della CT è stata utilizzata per le misurazioni olistiche del pezzo. Inoltre, l'effetto dell'allineamento del fascio di elettroni è stato studiato tramite le misurazioni di parti micro stampate utilizzando la tecnologia CT . I polimeri rinforzati con fibre sono comunemente usati nelle applicazioni di micro iniezione in cui sono desiderabili proprietà meccaniche superiori, ad es. nei connettori elettronici. Tuttavia, l'uso di polimeri rinforzati con fibre influisce sulla precisione desiderata, che è attribuita principalmente all'orientamento delle fibre nel prodotto finale. La natura non distruttiva della tecnologia CT a raggi X consente di studiare l'orientamento delle fibre e la sua influenza sulla precisione dimensionale delle parti. È stata condotta un'indagine sperimentale, focalizzando quest’ultima sull'influenza dei parametri di processo (temperatura del fuso, temperatura dello stampo, tempo di raffreddamento e pressione di riempimento) sulle caratteristiche delle fibre (orientamento, contenuto di volume della fibra ecc.). È stato inoltre eseguito uno studio che include l'analisi e la simulazione numerica delle acquisizioni per validare la caratterizzazione, eseguita con tecnologia CT, di compositi rinforzati con fibre. L'ultima parte si focalizza su una specifica applicazione del micro-stampaggio a iniezione dove i difetti interni (i vuoti) alterano la qualità in modo avverso. Una serie di indagini sperimentali sono state eseguite variando i parametri critici del processo. La tomografia a raggi X è stata utilizzata per la caratterizzazione delle parti e la valutazione della qualità considerando i diversi criteri di qualità, ad es. volume totale dei difetti, volume della parte (restringimento) ecc. Il set ottimale dei parametri di processo è stato identificato tramite analisi statistica.
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Lunel, Marie Monique France. "Structure characterisation of catalysts using X-ray micro-computed tomography." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5710/.

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Knowledge of internal porous structure is essential in improving the development of a catalytic system and consequently leading to an optimized performance. XRCT has been used to show differences in density and pore distribution and that differences can be related to the process route by which the specimen was prepared. Alumina samples with defects prepared using different conditions have been investigated in order to acquire information on the introduction and development of cracks. Results indicated that cracks became larger when the water content, the ram speed of the extruder and the drying temperature were higher. The calcination process increased the number and the 3-D size of the cracks. Both concentration of the bulk solution and impregnation time appeared to have a significant impact on the metal distribution profile during the impregnation process. Drying had a strong impact on the metal profile, as a redistribution of copper was noticed. The redistribution was observed exclusively in the case of weak adsorption of copper with alumina support. Experiments on the newly established I13 beamline synchrotron in Diamond was carried out in order to gain an understanding of the cracks induction/propagation and of the diffusion of metallic solution inside the catalyst support.
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Karhula, S. (Sakari). "Quantification of osteochondral tissue modifications during osteoarthritis using micro-computed tomography." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526220963.

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Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogenic joint disease significantly affecting the quality of life of a patient, causing pain and disability. OA causes degenerative changes to the structure and composition of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Currently, effective treatments for OA are limited, partly due to limitations in defining the imaging biomarkers of early OA. Improvement of imaging modalities in OA research and clinical setup is a requirement for quantitating early OA-related tissue features. In the clinical and preclinical setup, computed tomography (CT) enables imaging of bone and, using specific contrast agents, articular cartilage. The aim of this study is to create and validate novel micro-computed tomography (μCT) methods to quantify OA-related features and modifications in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Contrast-enhanced μCT methods for imaging the collagen (phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)) and GAG (CA4+) content of the articular cartilage in vitro were validated against various reference methods measuring the biochemical composition of articular cartilage. To improve the μCT imaging of subchondral bone, grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based analysis of sub-resolution features of subchondral bone was introduced. In addition, to test the translatability of the GLCM-based analysis to clinical resolution, sub-resolution features extracted from clinical cone-beam CT were validated against the subchondral bone morphometrics from the μCT. PTA showed stronger association with the collagen content of the articular cartilage compared to PMA. PTA was also associated with collagen content even in degraded articular cartilage. CA4+ distribution was found to accumulate in chondrons and surrounding areas, suggesting that it is a prominent contrast agent for high-resolution μCT studies of chondrocytes. The GLCM-based analysis of subchondral bone provided information on cellular structure from μCT images and trabecular bone micro-structures from clinical CT images. In conclusion, μCT imaging can provide quantitative information on the collagen content and chondrons of articular cartilage, as well as on osteocytes in subchondral bone. The methods presented here extend the tools for researchers to quantify osteochondral tissue modifications in OA. Furthermore, the developed image processing tools could be translatable to the clinical CT
Tiivistelmä Nivelrikko on heterogeeninen niveltauti, joka huonontaa yksilön elämän laatua aiheuttaen kipua ja liikuntakyvyttömyyttä. Nivelrikko aiheuttaa nivelkudosten rappeumaa vaikuttaen mm. ruston ja rustonalaisen luun rakenteeseen ja koostumukseen. Nivelrikon kudosmuutosten kuvantamisen kehittäminen ja määrällinen tutkiminen taudin alkuvaiheissa tukisivat nykyisten nivelrikon hoitomenetelmien kehittämistä. Kliinisessä käytössä ja perustutkimuksessa, tietokonetomografia (TT) mahdollistaa luukuvantamisen ja varjoaineita käytettäessä myös rustokuvantamisen. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on esitellä ja validoida uusia mikrotietokonetomografia-menetelmiä (μTT) nivelrikon rusto- ja luumuutosten määrälliseen tutkimukseen. Varjoaineavusteisia μTT in vitro menetelmiä ruston kollageenin (fosfovolframihappoa (PTA) ja fosfomolybdeenihappoa (PMA)) ja GAG (CA4+) jakauman määrälliseen tutkimukseen validoitiin useilla eri ruston biokemiallista koostumusta mittaavilla vertailumenetelmillä. Rustonalaisen luun kuvantamista kehitettiin soveltamalla harmaasävyjen tekstuurianalyysiä, jolla pyrittiin tunnistamaan kuva-alkiota pienempiä luurakenteita. Rustonalaisen luun μTT-kuvien analyysien tulokset validoitiin synkrotronisäteilyyn perustuvan μTT:n avulla. Lisäksi tekstuurianalyysin soveltuvuutta testattiin kliinisen resoluution kartiokeilan TT-kuville. Kuvista analysoituja tekstuuriparametrejä verrattiin μTT:lla mitattuun todelliseen rustonalaisen luun rakenteeseen. Väitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat, että PTA on spesifimpi kollageenille testatuista varjoaineista ja sen jakauma on verrannollinen kollageenijakaumaan jopa rappeutuneessa nivelrustossa. GAG-spesifisen varjoaineen CA4+:n todettiin kerääntyvän myös kondroneihin, mikä viittaa siihen, että kyseinen varjoaine soveltuisi potentiaalisesti rustosolujen korkean resoluution μTT-tutkimuksiin. Rustonalaisen luun μTT-kuvista analysoitujen tekstuuriparametrien havaittiin olevan verrannollisia osteosyyttien tilavuusfraktion kanssa. Väitöskirjassa esitettyjen tulosten perusteella μTT-kuvantaminen tarjoaa kvantitatiivisen menetelmän nivelruston kollageenijakauman ja rustosolujen sekä rustonalaisen luun osteosyyttien tutkimuksiin. Väitöskirjassa esitetyt menetelmät laajentavat jo olemassa olevaa tutkimusmenetelmien kirjoa nivelrikon aiheuttamien nivelrusto- ja luumuutosten tutkimuksessa. Lisäksi kehitetyt kuva-analyysimenetelmät voivat tarjota tarkempaa tietoa kliinisestä TT:sta
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Schneider, Philipp. "Ultrastructural phenotyping of murine bone using synchrotron micro- and nano-computed tomography." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17438.

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Hagenmüller, Henri. "Combining micro-computed tomography monitoring and mechanical loading in bone tissue engineering /." Zürich : ETH, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18151.

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Books on the topic "Micro-Computed Tomography"

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Orhan, Kaan, ed. Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0.

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Orhan, Kaan. Micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering. Springer International Publishing AG, 2020.

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Orhan, Kaan. Micro-computed Tomography in Medicine and Engineering. Springer, 2019.

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Bab, Itai, Carmit Hajbi-Yonissi, Yankel Gabet, and Ralph Müller. Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton. Springer, 2007.

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Bab, Itai, Carmit Hajbi-Yonissi, and Yankel Gabet. Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton. Springer, 2008.

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Skiba, Grzegorz. Fizjologiczne, żywieniowe i genetyczne uwarunkowania właściwości kości rosnących świń. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_gs_2020.

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Bones are multifunctional passive organs of movement that supports soft tissue and directly attached muscles. They also protect internal organs and are a reserve of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Each bone is covered with periosteum, and the adjacent bone surfaces are covered by articular cartilage. Histologically, the bone is an organ composed of many different tissues. The main component is bone tissue (cortical and spongy) composed of a set of bone cells and intercellular substance (mineral and organic), it also contains fat, hematopoietic (bone marrow) and cartilaginous tissue. Bones are a tissue that even in adult life retains the ability to change shape and structure depending on changes in their mechanical and hormonal environment, as well as self-renewal and repair capabilities. This process is called bone turnover. The basic processes of bone turnover are: • bone modeling (incessantly changes in bone shape during individual growth) following resorption and tissue formation at various locations (e.g. bone marrow formation) to increase mass and skeletal morphology. This process occurs in the bones of growing individuals and stops after reaching puberty • bone remodeling (processes involve in maintaining bone tissue by resorbing and replacing old bone tissue with new tissue in the same place, e.g. repairing micro fractures). It is a process involving the removal and internal remodeling of existing bone and is responsible for maintaining tissue mass and architecture of mature bones. Bone turnover is regulated by two types of transformation: • osteoclastogenesis, i.e. formation of cells responsible for bone resorption • osteoblastogenesis, i.e. formation of cells responsible for bone formation (bone matrix synthesis and mineralization) Bone maturity can be defined as the completion of basic structural development and mineralization leading to maximum mass and optimal mechanical strength. The highest rate of increase in pig bone mass is observed in the first twelve weeks after birth. This period of growth is considered crucial for optimizing the growth of the skeleton of pigs, because the degree of bone mineralization in later life stages (adulthood) depends largely on the amount of bone minerals accumulated in the early stages of their growth. The development of the technique allows to determine the condition of the skeletal system (or individual bones) in living animals by methods used in human medicine, or after their slaughter. For in vivo determination of bone properties, Abstract 10 double energy X-ray absorptiometry or computed tomography scanning techniques are used. Both methods allow the quantification of mineral content and bone mineral density. The most important property from a practical point of view is the bone’s bending strength, which is directly determined by the maximum bending force. The most important factors affecting bone strength are: • age (growth period), • gender and the associated hormonal balance, • genotype and modification of genes responsible for bone growth • chemical composition of the body (protein and fat content, and the proportion between these components), • physical activity and related bone load, • nutritional factors: – protein intake influencing synthesis of organic matrix of bone, – content of minerals in the feed (CA, P, Zn, Ca/P, Mg, Mn, Na, Cl, K, Cu ratio) influencing synthesis of the inorganic matrix of bone, – mineral/protein ratio in the diet (Ca/protein, P/protein, Zn/protein) – feed energy concentration, – energy source (content of saturated fatty acids - SFA, content of polyun saturated fatty acids - PUFA, in particular ALA, EPA, DPA, DHA), – feed additives, in particular: enzymes (e.g. phytase releasing of minerals bounded in phytin complexes), probiotics and prebiotics (e.g. inulin improving the function of the digestive tract by increasing absorption of nutrients), – vitamin content that regulate metabolism and biochemical changes occurring in bone tissue (e.g. vitamin D3, B6, C and K). This study was based on the results of research experiments from available literature, and studies on growing pigs carried out at the Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences. The tests were performed in total on 300 pigs of Duroc, Pietrain, Puławska breeds, line 990 and hybrids (Great White × Duroc, Great White × Landrace), PIC pigs, slaughtered at different body weight during the growth period from 15 to 130 kg. Bones for biomechanical tests were collected after slaughter from each pig. Their length, mass and volume were determined. Based on these measurements, the specific weight (density, g/cm3) was calculated. Then each bone was cut in the middle of the shaft and the outer and inner diameters were measured both horizontally and vertically. Based on these measurements, the following indicators were calculated: • cortical thickness, • cortical surface, • cortical index. Abstract 11 Bone strength was tested by a three-point bending test. The obtained data enabled the determination of: • bending force (the magnitude of the maximum force at which disintegration and disruption of bone structure occurs), • strength (the amount of maximum force needed to break/crack of bone), • stiffness (quotient of the force acting on the bone and the amount of displacement occurring under the influence of this force). Investigation of changes in physical and biomechanical features of bones during growth was performed on pigs of the synthetic 990 line growing from 15 to 130 kg body weight. The animals were slaughtered successively at a body weight of 15, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 kg. After slaughter, the following bones were separated from the right half-carcass: humerus, 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone, femur, tibia and fibula as well as 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone. The features of bones were determined using methods described in the methodology. Describing bone growth with the Gompertz equation, it was found that the earliest slowdown of bone growth curve was observed for metacarpal and metatarsal bones. This means that these bones matured the most quickly. The established data also indicate that the rib is the slowest maturing bone. The femur, humerus, tibia and fibula were between the values of these features for the metatarsal, metacarpal and rib bones. The rate of increase in bone mass and length differed significantly between the examined bones, but in all cases it was lower (coefficient b <1) than the growth rate of the whole body of the animal. The fastest growth rate was estimated for the rib mass (coefficient b = 0.93). Among the long bones, the humerus (coefficient b = 0.81) was characterized by the fastest rate of weight gain, however femur the smallest (coefficient b = 0.71). The lowest rate of bone mass increase was observed in the foot bones, with the metacarpal bones having a slightly higher value of coefficient b than the metatarsal bones (0.67 vs 0.62). The third bone had a lower growth rate than the fourth bone, regardless of whether they were metatarsal or metacarpal. The value of the bending force increased as the animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, the highest values were observed for the humerus, tibia and femur, smaller for the metatarsal and metacarpal bone, and the lowest for the fibula and rib. The rate of change in the value of this indicator increased at a similar rate as the body weight changes of the animals in the case of the fibula and the fourth metacarpal bone (b value = 0.98), and more slowly in the case of the metatarsal bone, the third metacarpal bone, and the tibia bone (values of the b ratio 0.81–0.85), and the slowest femur, humerus and rib (value of b = 0.60–0.66). Bone stiffness increased as animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, the highest values were observed for the humerus, tibia and femur, smaller for the metatarsal and metacarpal bone, and the lowest for the fibula and rib. Abstract 12 The rate of change in the value of this indicator changed at a faster rate than the increase in weight of pigs in the case of metacarpal and metatarsal bones (coefficient b = 1.01–1.22), slightly slower in the case of fibula (coefficient b = 0.92), definitely slower in the case of the tibia (b = 0.73), ribs (b = 0.66), femur (b = 0.59) and humerus (b = 0.50). Bone strength increased as animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, bone strength was as follows femur > tibia > humerus > 4 metacarpal> 3 metacarpal> 3 metatarsal > 4 metatarsal > rib> fibula. The rate of increase in strength of all examined bones was greater than the rate of weight gain of pigs (value of the coefficient b = 2.04–3.26). As the animals grew, the bone density increased. However, the growth rate of this indicator for the majority of bones was slower than the rate of weight gain (the value of the coefficient b ranged from 0.37 – humerus to 0.84 – fibula). The exception was the rib, whose density increased at a similar pace increasing the body weight of animals (value of the coefficient b = 0.97). The study on the influence of the breed and the feeding intensity on bone characteristics (physical and biomechanical) was performed on pigs of the breeds Duroc, Pietrain, and synthetic 990 during a growth period of 15 to 70 kg body weight. Animals were fed ad libitum or dosed system. After slaughter at a body weight of 70 kg, three bones were taken from the right half-carcass: femur, three metatarsal, and three metacarpal and subjected to the determinations described in the methodology. The weight of bones of animals fed aa libitum was significantly lower than in pigs fed restrictively All bones of Duroc breed were significantly heavier and longer than Pietrain and 990 pig bones. The average values of bending force for the examined bones took the following order: III metatarsal bone (63.5 kg) <III metacarpal bone (77.9 kg) <femur (271.5 kg). The feeding system and breed of pigs had no significant effect on the value of this indicator. The average values of the bones strength took the following order: III metatarsal bone (92.6 kg) <III metacarpal (107.2 kg) <femur (353.1 kg). Feeding intensity and breed of animals had no significant effect on the value of this feature of the bones tested. The average bone density took the following order: femur (1.23 g/cm3) <III metatarsal bone (1.26 g/cm3) <III metacarpal bone (1.34 g / cm3). The density of bones of animals fed aa libitum was higher (P<0.01) than in animals fed with a dosing system. The density of examined bones within the breeds took the following order: Pietrain race> line 990> Duroc race. The differences between the “extreme” breeds were: 7.2% (III metatarsal bone), 8.3% (III metacarpal bone), 8.4% (femur). Abstract 13 The average bone stiffness took the following order: III metatarsal bone (35.1 kg/mm) <III metacarpus (41.5 kg/mm) <femur (60.5 kg/mm). This indicator did not differ between the groups of pigs fed at different intensity, except for the metacarpal bone, which was more stiffer in pigs fed aa libitum (P<0.05). The femur of animals fed ad libitum showed a tendency (P<0.09) to be more stiffer and a force of 4.5 kg required for its displacement by 1 mm. Breed differences in stiffness were found for the femur (P <0.05) and III metacarpal bone (P <0.05). For femur, the highest value of this indicator was found in Pietrain pigs (64.5 kg/mm), lower in pigs of 990 line (61.6 kg/mm) and the lowest in Duroc pigs (55.3 kg/mm). In turn, the 3rd metacarpal bone of Duroc and Pietrain pigs had similar stiffness (39.0 and 40.0 kg/mm respectively) and was smaller than that of line 990 pigs (45.4 kg/mm). The thickness of the cortical bone layer took the following order: III metatarsal bone (2.25 mm) <III metacarpal bone (2.41 mm) <femur (5.12 mm). The feeding system did not affect this indicator. Breed differences (P <0.05) for this trait were found only for the femur bone: Duroc (5.42 mm)> line 990 (5.13 mm)> Pietrain (4.81 mm). The cross sectional area of the examined bones was arranged in the following order: III metatarsal bone (84 mm2) <III metacarpal bone (90 mm2) <femur (286 mm2). The feeding system had no effect on the value of this bone trait, with the exception of the femur, which in animals fed the dosing system was 4.7% higher (P<0.05) than in pigs fed ad libitum. Breed differences (P<0.01) in the coross sectional area were found only in femur and III metatarsal bone. The value of this indicator was the highest in Duroc pigs, lower in 990 animals and the lowest in Pietrain pigs. The cortical index of individual bones was in the following order: III metatarsal bone (31.86) <III metacarpal bone (33.86) <femur (44.75). However, its value did not significantly depend on the intensity of feeding or the breed of pigs.
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Book chapters on the topic "Micro-Computed Tomography"

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Mirfendereski, Mana, and Ove Peters. "Micro-Computed Tomography in Endodontic Research." In Endodontic Radiology, 278–84. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119421689.ch18.

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Erdem, Savaş, and Serap Hanbay. "X-Ray Computed Tomography Technique in Civil Engineering." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 277–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_17.

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Orhan, Kaan, Karla de Faria Vasconcelos, and Hugo Gaêta-Araujo. "Artifacts in Micro-CT." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 35–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_4.

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Orhan, Kaan. "Introduction to Micro-CT Imaging." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_1.

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Roque-Torres, Gina Delia. "Application of Micro-CT in Soft Tissue Specimen Imaging." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 139–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_10.

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Çakmak, Bilgesu, Erhan Ermek, Muhammad Jamil, Asım Horasan, and Kerem Pekkan. "Applications of Micro-CT in Cardiovascular Engineering and Bio-inspired Design." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 171–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_11.

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Versiani, Marco A., and Ali Keleș. "Applications of Micro-CT Technology in Endodontics." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 183–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_12.

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Kılıçarslan, Müge, Miray Ilhan, and Kaan Orhan. "Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) Analysis as a New Approach for Characterization of Drug Delivery Systems." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 213–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_13.

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Kiziltaş, Güllü, Melih Papila, Bengisu Yilmaz, and Kaan Bilge. "Challenges in Micro-CT Characterization of Composites." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 225–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_14.

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Altıntaş, Gökhan. "Modeling and Mechanical Analysis Considerations of Structures Based on Micro-CT." In Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) in Medicine and Engineering, 247–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16641-0_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Micro-Computed Tomography"

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Yang, Xiaoyu, Yufei Chen, Xiaodong Yue, Xiang Lin, and Qi Zhang. "Variational Synthesis Network for Generating Micro Computed Tomography from Cone Beam Computed Tomography." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669498.

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Simcock, IC, JC Hutchinson, SC Shelmerdine, J. Novo Matos, NJ Sebire, and OJ Arthurs. "64 Image optimisation in micro computed tomography." In Great Ormond Street Hospital Conference. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-084620.59.

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Kim, Namkeun, Yongjin Yoon, Charles Steele, and Sunil Puria. "Cochlear anatomy using micro computed tomography (μCT) imaging." In Biomedical Optics (BiOS) 2008, edited by Nikiforos Kollias, Bernard Choi, Haishan Zeng, Reza S. Malek, Brian J. Wong, Justus F. R. Ilgner, Kenton W. Gregory, Guillermo J. Tearney, Henry Hirschberg, and Steen J. Madsen. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.774349.

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Ontiveros, S., J. A. Yagüe, R. Jiménez, and J. J. Aguilar. "Measurement of micro-molded parts by computed tomography." In THE 4TH MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (MESIC 2011). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4707571.

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Khimchenko, Anna, Loic Costeur, Bastien Mennecart, Bert Müller, and Georg Schulz. "Innervation of the cow’s inner ear derived from micro-computed tomography." In Developments in X-Ray Tomography XI, edited by Bert Müller and Ge Wang. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2276158.

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Sacher, Mattia, Georg Schulz, Hans Deyhle, Kurt Jäger, and Bert Müller. "Comparing the accuracy of intraoral scanners, using advanced micro computed tomography." In Developments in X-Ray Tomography XII, edited by Bert Müller and Ge Wang. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2530728.

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Tanabe, Naoya, Dragoş Vasilescu, Cameron Hague, Miranda Kirby, Harvey Coxson, Stijn Verleden, Bart Vanaudenaerde, and James Hogg. "A comparison of paraseptal to centrilobular emphysema using computed and micro-computed tomography." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.oa5178.

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Ramandi, Hamed Lamei, Ryan T. Armstrong, Peyman Mostaghimi, Mohammad Saadatfar, and W. Val Pinczewsk. "X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging for Coal Characterization." In SPE Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/177017-ms.

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Louk, Andreas C. "3D image reconstruction on x-ray micro-computed tomography." In International Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2014, edited by Chenggen Quan, Kemao Qian, Anand Asundi, and Fook Siong Chau. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2081193.

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Ehrig, Karsten, Markus Bartscher, Jürgen Goebbels, Frank Härtig, Karin Kniel, Marko Neukamm, Ulrich Neuschaefer-Rube, Andreas Staude, Melissa Denecke, and Clive T. Walker. "Dimensional Control of Micro Components with Synchrotron Computed Tomography." In X-RAY OPTICS AND MICROANALYSIS: Proceedings of the 20th International Congress. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3399244.

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Reports on the topic "Micro-Computed Tomography"

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Brown, William D., and Jerel A. Smith. Documentation of the ISA Micro Computed Tomography System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1122220.

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Dooraghi, Alex A., William Brown, Isaac Seetho, Jeff Kallman, Kristin Lennox, and Lee Glascoe. Attenuation Drift in the Micro-Computed Tomography System at LLNL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342004.

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Young, Steven. Imaging APO-BMI with Micro X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1772371.

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Smith, Megan M., Susan A. Carroll, and Amber Connor. Micro-X-ray Computed Tomography (μXRCT) Pore Space Characterization of Carbonate Samples. Test accounts, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1409989.

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Patterson, Brian M., Nikolaus Lynn Cordes, Bryce C. Tappan, Darla Graff Thompson, and Virginia Warren Manner. Damaging HMX/HTPB formulations: In-situ compression imaging using X-ray micro computed tomography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178309.

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Hahn, H. T. An X-Ray Micro Computed-Tomography System for 3-Dimensional Microstructure Characterization of Multifunctional Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564827.

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Gilbertson, Robert D., Brian M. Patterson, and Zachary Smith. Accelerated Aging of BKC 44306-10 Rigid Polyurethane Foam: FT-IR Spectroscopy, Dimensional Analysis, and Micro Computed Tomography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1113788.

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Crandall, Dustin M., Johnathan E. Moore, John K. Tudek, and Magdalena K. Gill. Computed Tomography Scanning to Understand Micro-to-Macro Controls on Multiphase Flow during Geologic Carbon Storage; NETL-TRS-3-2017; NETL Technical Report Series; U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory: Morgantown, WV, 2017; p 24. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1415448.

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Tan, Peng, and Nicholas Sitar. Parallel Level-Set DEM (LS-DEM) Development and Application to the Study of Deformation and Flow of Granular Media. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/kmiz5819.

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Abstract:
We present a systematic investigation of computational approaches to the modeling of granular materials. Granular materials are ubiquitous in everyday life and in a variety of engineering and industrial applications. Despite the apparent simplicity of the laws governing particle-scale interactions, predicting the continuum mechanical response of granular materials still poses extraordinary challenges. This is largely due to the complex history dependence resulting from continuous rearrangement of the microstructure of granular material, as well as the mechanical interlocking due to grain morphology and surface roughness. X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is used to characterize the grain morphology and the fabric of the granular media, naturally deposited sand in this study. The Level-Set based Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) is then used to bridge the granular behavior gap between the micro and macro scale. The LS-DEM establishes a one-to-one correspondence between granular objects and numerical avatars and captures the details of grain morphology and surface roughness. However, the high-fidelity representation significantly increases the demands on computational resources. To this end a parallel version of LS-DEM is introduced to significantly decrease the computational demands. The code employs a binning algorithm, which reduces the search complexity of contact detection from O(n2) to O(n), and a domain decomposition strategy is used to elicit parallel computing in a memory- and communication-efficient manner. The parallel implementation shows good scalability and efficiency. High fidelity LS avatars obtained from XRCT images of naturally deposited sand are then used to replicate the results of triaxial tests using the new, parallel LS-DEM code. The result show that both micro- and macro-mechanical behavior of natural material is well captured and is consistent with experimental data, confirming experimental observation that the primary source of peak strength of sand is the mechanical interlocking between irregularly shaped grains. Specifically, triaxial test simulations with a flexible membrane produce a very good match to experimentally observed relationships between deviatoric stress and mobilized friction angle for naturally deposited sand. We then explore the viability of modeling dynamic problems with a new formulation of an impulse based LS-DEM. The new formulation is stable, fast, and energy conservative. However, it can be numerically stiff when the assembly has substantial mass differences between particles. We also demonstrate the feasibility of modeling deformable structures in the rigid body framework and propose several enhancements to improve the convergence of collision resolution, including a hybrid time integration scheme to separately handle at rest contacts and dynamic collisions. Finally, we extend the impulse-based LS-DEM to include arbitrarily shaped topographic surfaces and exploit its algorithmic advantages to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling realistic behavior of granular flows. The novel formulation significantly improves performance of dynamic simulations by allowing larger time steps, which is advantageous for observing the full development of physical phenomena such as rock avalanches, which we present as an illustrative example.
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