Academic literature on the topic 'Micro-Analyse des matériaux'
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Journal articles on the topic "Micro-Analyse des matériaux"
Ruiz, Thays Cristina Domareski, Graziela Scalise Horodyski, and Izamara Vanessa Carniatto. "A ECONOMIA CRIATIVA E O TURISMO: UMA ANÁLISE DO PROJETO SOUCURITIBA, DE CURITIBA-PARANÁ-BRASIL." Revista Gestão e Desenvolvimento 16, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rgd.v16i2.1831.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro-Analyse des matériaux"
Georges, Valentin. "Comportement de matériaux cimentaires en eau douce naturelle : analyse de l’influence des micro-organismes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0220/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the behavior of cement pastes of different cement bases exposed to natural fresh water and on the interactions with the biological elements. This study is based on the comparative analysis of samples immersed in natural environment (Moselle) and in artificial laboratory media. Whatever the media and microorganisms considered, the results show a change in the mineralogy of the surface and the porous network of the samples (porosity rate, transfer properties). Laboratory tests highlighted the specific influence of bacteria in bioleaching phenomena. The bacterial count also shows that the density of cells present in the biofilm covering the samples does not mainly depend on the cementitious grade, except for the limestone cements. The SEM observations revealed the abundant presence of diatoms on all samples. Diatoms are partly covered by a mineral layer resulting from secondary crystallization. The colonization of the surface by these diatoms is influenced by the geometry and mineralogical nature of the samples. The results of laboratory tests have shown that they interact with cement paste; the evolution of diatom population densities coincides with changes in porosity characteristics (porosity rate, transfer properties)
Saliou, Françoise. "Matériaux supraconducteurs en technologie couches épaisses pour applications aux circuits micro-ondes : analyse des comportements." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2011.
Full textThe aim of this work is the elaboration of YBCO superconducting thick film on substrates mainly YSZ. The technical deposit choice is screen-printing for its simplicty and because it is already overcome in industry. YBCO thick films were prepared by screen printing an ink, obtained by mixing YBCO powder in an organic binder, on the Y2O3-stabilized zirconia polycristalline substrates. The experimental study is based on the optimisation of the deposit technique,ink prepration, thermal treatments. We presented the results of a detailed invetsigation of the effects of two temperatures profiles on the properties (classical sintering and Melt Processed Technique). It was observed that these prpoerties are governed by the microstructure of YBCO ant the orientation factor (texturation). The peritectic mix of YBa2Cu3O7-8+BaCuO2+CuO gives interseting results for all tested YBCO compositions
Scarazzini, Riccardo. "Analyse par ToF-SIMS de matériaux fragiles pour les micro/nanotechnologies : évaluation et amplification de l'information chimique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI031/document.
Full textNowadays, the micro and nanotechnology field integrates a wide range of materials that can be defined as “fragile” because of their shape, dimension or density. In this work, three materials of this kind, at different level of technological and industrial maturity are studied by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). These materials are: mesoporous silicon, thin polymethacrylate films deposited by initiated Chemical Vapour Deposition (i-CVD)and hybrid organosilicate (SiOCH) dielectric materials (low-k). The objective is to verify and validate the ToF-SIMS as a reliable characterisation technique for describing the chemical properties of these materials. Indeed, because of this intrinsic ‘fragility’ the consistency of the chemical information is connected to an appropriate interpretation of the specific ion/matter interactions taking place.For mesoporous silicon, a systematic analysis is carried out considering various sputtering ion sources (Caesium, Xenon and Oxygen); both sputtering and ionisation behaviours are examined relatively to the nonporous silicon, taking into account energy of the sputtering beam and porosity rate of the target material.Concerning nanometric thick polymer films, low damaging analysis conditions are applied by the use of argon cluster primary ion sources in order to obtain a significant molecular secondary ion information. In these conditions, a discrimination of quasi-identical nanometre thick structures is made possible and a quantification method for copolymers is then proposed. In addition, with the supplement of data principal component analysis (PCA) an innovative and significant correlation is obtained between main Principal Component and sample molecular weights.Finally, the effect of several industrial integration processes (such as etching or wet cleaning) applied on low-k materials are studied in order to understand their detrimental impact on low-k insulating properties. To achieve a depth-resolved chemical information, low energy caesium sputterings are shown to be the most adapted and sensitive strategy. In addition, PCA is shown to be almost essential to amplify differences between samples significantly. This approach allowed combining the variation of physical properties (dielectric constant) with the chemical ones
Wautier, Antoine. "Analyse micro-inertielle des instabilités mécaniques dans les milieux granulaires, application à l'érosion interne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0289/document.
Full textDikes are most of the time built of compacted granular materials that are permeable and continuously subjected to internal fluid flows. In some cases, microstructure modifications resulting from internal erosion generate mechanical instability that will lead to unexpected failures in case of serious flooding. This thesis focuses on multi-scale analysis of mechanical instability in granular materials subjected to internal erosion. In this work, the mechanical behavior of such materials is simulated in three dimensions at the scale of representative elementary volumes subjected to different stress states and hydraulic gradients. Thanks to the use of the second order work criterion and micromechanical tools, the mechanical stability of these materials is tested before and after internal erosion. It is established that the micro-inertial origin of the observed instabilities is linked to force chain deconfinement and bending as well as to the development of large plastic strains resulting from force chain collapse. By preventing the development of such plastic strains, it is shown that rattlers contribute to ensure the mechanical stability of granular materials. This key finding is of a particular significance in relation with internal erosion as rattlers can be easily transported under the action of an internal fluid flow. Depending on whether they get clogged or eroded, an internal fluid flow has thus either a stabilizing or a destabilizing effect on the mechanical behavior of granular materials subjected to internal erosion
Orlando, Bastien. "Conception, réalisation et analyse de micro-inductances intégrées avec matériaux ferromagnétiques doux : applications aux inductances pour la conversion de puissance continue-continue et aux inductances variables MEMS pour circuits micro-ondes reconfigurables." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c6981dc3-3214-4915-bd18-247b0e2a044f/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4003.pdf.
Full textOur purpose is to make the best use of magnetic materials in integrated inductors. Two targets are followed : DC-DC power conversion and microwave tunable inductors. A process for the fabrication of integrated toroidal inductors including electroplated copper winding and PVD Ni80Fe20 core is used for the fabrication of devices showing inductance of 500nH up to 10MHz with DC resistance of 95mΩ and quality factor of 20 at 2MHz. −30% saturation current is measured at 180mA. Several innovative designs improvements are proposed in order to increase compactness, quality factor and saturation current. LLG model is used in order to estimate the performances of open or closed microwave magnetic cores. A new concept of tunable inductor MEMS with piezoelectric actuation relying on the inverse magnetostriction of a magnetic core is proposed and validated by simulation
Legoll, Frédéric. "Contributions à l'étude mathématique et numérique de quelques modèles en simulation multi-échelle des matériaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783334.
Full textLes questions étudiées portent sur l'échantillonnage de la mesure de Boltzmann-Gibbs (avec des résultats concernant la non-ergodicité de certains systèmes dynamiques proposés dans la littérature), et sur la construction de dynamiques effectives: supposant que le système suit une dynamique X_t régie par l'équation de Langevin amortie, et se donnant une variable scalaire macroscopique xi(X), lente en un certain sens, nous proposons une dynamique mono-dimensionnelle fermée qui approche xi(X_t), et dont la précision est estimée à l'aide de méthodes d'entropie relative.
Une autre partie du travail consiste à développer de nouveaux schémas numériques pour des problèmes Hamiltoniens hautement oscillants (souvent rencontrés en simulation moléculaire), en suivant une démarche d'homogénéisation en temps. Nous avons aussi proposé une adaptation au contexte Hamiltonien de l'algorithme pararéel, permettant d'obtenir la solution d'un problème d'évolution par des méthodes de calcul parallèle.
La seconde partie du mémoire présente des travaux sur la dérivation de modèles à l'échelle du continuum à partir de modèles discrets (à l'échelle atomistique), pour les solides, et sur le couplage de ces deux modèles, discret et continu. Une première approche consiste à poser le problème sous forme variationnelle (modélisation à température nulle). Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés au cas de systèmes à température finie, modélisés dans le cadre de la mécanique statistique. Dans certains cas, nous avons obtenu des modèles réduits, macroscopiques, où la température est un paramètre, en suivant des approches de type limite thermodynamique.
La troisième partie du mémoire s'intéresse à des questions d'homogénéisation stochastique, pour des équations aux dérivées partielles elliptiques linéaires. Les matériaux sont donc modélisés à l'échelle du continuum. Le constat qui motive notre travail est le fait que, même dans les cas les plus simples sur le plan théorique, les méthodes numériques à ce jour disponibles en homogénéisation stochastique conduisent à des calculs très lourds. Nous avons travaillé dans deux directions. La première consiste à réduire la variance des quantités aléatoires effectivement calculées, seules accessibles en pratique pour approcher la matrice homogénéisée. La seconde est d'étudier le cas de problèmes faiblement stochastiques, en partant du constat que les matériaux hétérogènes, rarement périodiques, ne sont pas pour autant systématiquement fortement aléatoires. Le cas d'un matériau aléatoire pour lequel cet aléa n'est qu'une petite perturbation autour d'un modèle périodique est donc intéressant, et peut se traiter avec un coût calcul beaucoup plus abordable.
Wangermez, Maxence. "Méthode de couplage surfacique pour modèles non-compatibles de matériaux hétérogènes : approche micro-macro et implémentation non-intrusive." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN001.
Full textOne of the priority objectives of the aeronautics industry is to reduce the mass of structures while improving their performances. This involves the use of composite materials and the increasing use of digital simulation to optimize structures.The major challenge of this project is to be able to accurately calculate the local variations of the microstructure - for instance detected by tomography and directly modelled from tomogram - on the behavior of an architectured material part. In order to take into account the whole structure and its load effects, a multi-scale approach seems to be a natural choice. Indeed, the related models to the part and its microstructure might use different formalisms according to each scale.In this context, a coupling formulation was proposed in order to replace, in a non-intrusive way, a part of a homogenized macroscopic finite-element model by a local one described at a microscopic level. It is based on a micro-macro separation of interface quantities in the coupling area between the two models. To simplify its use in design offices, a non-intrusive iterative resolution procedure has also been proposed. It allows the implementation of the proposed coupling method in an industrial software environment that often uses closed commercial finite element codes. Different mechanical problems under linear elasticity assumption are proposed. The proposed method is systematically compared with other coupling methods of the literature and the quality of the solutions is quantified compared to a reference one obtained by direct numerical simulation at a fine scale.The main results are promising as they show, for representatives test cases under linear elasticity assumption in two and three-dimensions, solutions that are consistent with first- and second-order homogenization theories. The solutions obtained with the proposed method are systematically the best approximations of the reference solution whereas the methods of the literature are less accurate and shown to be unsuitable to couple non-compatible models.Finally, there are many perspectives due to the different alternatives of the method which could become, in an industrial context, a real analytic tool that aims to introduce a local model described at a fine scale, into a homogenized macroscopic global one
Guidault, Pierre-Alain. "Une stratégie de calcul pour les structures fissurées : Analyse locale-globale et approche multiéchelle pour la fissuration." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160509.
Full textVilleneuve, Joey. "Étude et analyse des effets d'une solution moussante sur le micro climat d'une serre, lorsqu'utilisée comme isolation et ombrage entre les matériaux de couvertures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22073.
Full textDib, Dayana. "Analyse théorique et numérique de l'endommagement par micro-fissuration descomposites à matrice quasi-fragile." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1099.
Full textThe initial problem treated in this thesis falls within the general framework of modeling deep tunnels. For this reason, the approach based on linear fracture mechanics was adopted. The study was based on the mixed criterion of Leguillon. Following This study, the mixed criterion was not insufficient but the way to approach the problem was. Where the transition to the consideration of the heterogeneity of the material component and the possibility of initing a crack under a compressive stress. A first approach was undertaken the study of periodic bilayer under the stress of vertical compression. The layer of the highest stiffness has appeared the seat of a transverse traction. Indeed the possibility to initiate a crack is quite likely always through the verification of the energy and the stress criteria. A second approach was to observe more closer the microstructure of the material; we have considered the problem of elliptic inclusion in an infinite matrix. By the method of complex variables and the technique of conformal mapping, we analyzed the stress field around the inclusion and were revealed the presence of a traction which depends strongly of the selected parameters. By the extended finite element method, we calculated the variation of the potential energy involved by creating a fracture. In a similar approach to the previous one, namely verification of the energy and the stress criteria, we concluded the possibility of initiating a crack. Keywords: linear fracture mechanics, mixed criterion of Leguillon, potential energy, energy release rate, extended finite element method, periodic bilayer, method of complex variables
Book chapters on the topic "Micro-Analyse des matériaux"
Loiseau, Thierry, and Caroline Mellot-Draznieks. "1 Analyse structurale des matériaux microporeux par les méthodes de diffraction." In Matériaux micro et mésoporeux, 13–50. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0242-5-003.
Full textLoiseau, Thierry, and Caroline Mellot-Draznieks. "1 Analyse structurale des matériaux microporeux par les méthodes de diffraction." In Matériaux micro et mésoporeux, 13–50. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0242-5.c003.
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