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Journal articles on the topic 'Michael Carlow'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Morrissey, Thomas J. "A Man of the Universal Church: Peter James Kenney, S.J., 1779–1841." Recusant History 24, no. 3 (May 1999): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200002545.

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Kenney, Peter James (1779–1841), was born in Dublin, probably at 28 Drogheda Street, on 7 July, 1779. His father, Peter, and his mother, formerly Ellen Molloy, ran a small business. Apart from Peter, the other known children were Anne Mary, who joined the convent of the Sisters of St. Clare, and an older brother, or half-brother, Michael, who set up an apothecary’s shop in Waterford.Peter was born, therefore, in the decade which saw the American Revolution, the Suppression of the Jesuits and, in Ireland, the birth of Daniel O’Connell—destined to become ‘The Liberator’. The need to keep Ireland quiet during the American conflict, led to concessions to the Catholic population. The first of these was in 1778. Others followed when the French Revolution raised possibilities of unrest. In 1792 the establishment of Catholic colleges was allowed, and entry to the legal profession. These led to the founding of Carlow College and to Daniel O’Connell’s emergence as a lawyer. The following year the Irish parliament was obliged by the government to extend the parliamentary franchise to Catholics. Increased freedom, however, and the government’s connivance at the non-application of the penal laws, led to increased resentment against the laws themselves and, among middle-class Catholics, to a relishing of Edmund Burke’s celebrated reminder to the House of Commons in 1780, that ‘connivance is the relaxation of slavery, not the definition of liberty’.

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2

Yanai, Hikaru, Osamu Kobayashi, Kenji Takada, Takuya Isono, Toshifumi Satoh, and Takashi Matsumoto. "Sequential Mukaiyama–Michael reaction induced by carbon acids." Chemical Communications 52, no. 16 (2016): 3280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc10115h.

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3

Bosica, Giovanna, and Kurt Polidano. "Solvent-Free Henry and Michael Reactions with Nitroalkanes Promoted by Potassium Carbonate as a Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6267036.

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The use of a simple weak inorganic base such as potassium carbonate facilitated the formation of carbon-carbon bonds through both the Henry and the Michael reactions with nitrocompounds. The application of this catalyst under environmentally friendly solventless heterogeneous conditions gave satisfactory to good yields of β-nitroalcohols, involving aliphatic and aromatic starting materials, as well as high to excellent yields in the formation of Michael adducts using several different Michael acceptors and nitroalkanes.

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4

Harwood, Buie, and Allan Hing. "Michael Graves' Carlos Hall Reviewed." Journal of Interior Design 13, no. 1 (May 1987): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1668.1987.tb00104.x.

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5

Silveira, Claudinei Taborda da, Carlos Henrique Sopchaki, Ricardo Michael Pinheiro Silveira, and Gisele Neuman. "Pré-Textuais." Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 31 (August 25, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v31i0.37605.

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6

Silveira, Claudinei Taborda da, Carlos Henrique Sopchaki, Ricardo Michael Pinheiro Silveira, and Gisele Neuman. "Nota Editorial." Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 31 (August 25, 2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v31i0.37606.

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7

Rudorf, Wolf-Dieter, and Ralf Schwarz. "Intramolecular Michael and Anti-Michael Additions to Carbon-Carbon Triple Bonds." Synlett 1993, no. 06 (1993): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1993-22461.

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8

Shim, Jae Ho, Byung Kook Ahn, Ji Yeon Lee, Hyeon Soo Kim, and Deok-Chan Ha. "Organocatalysis for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cycloketones and α, β-Unsaturated Nitroalkenes." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11081004.

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Michael addition is one of the most important carbon–carbon bond formation reactions. In this study, an (R, R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEN)-based thiourea organocatalyst was applied to the asymmetric Michael addition of nitroalkenes and cycloketones to produce a chiral product. The primary amine moiety in DPEN reacts with the ketone to form an enamine and is activated through the hydrogen bond formation between the nitro group in the α, β-unsaturated nitroalkene and thiourea. Here, the aim was to obtain an asymmetric Michael product through the 1,4-addition of the enamine to an alkene to form a new carbon–carbon bond. As a result, the primary amine of the chiral diamine was converted into an enamine. The reaction proceeded with a relatively high level of enantioselectivity achieved using double activation through the hydrogen bonding of the nitro group and thiourea. Michael products with high levels of enantioselectivity (76–99% syn ee) and diastereoselectivity (syn/anti = 9/1) were obtained with yields in the range of 88–99% depending on the ketone.

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9

Ballini, R., L. Barboni, G. Bosica, D. Fiorini, and A. Palmieri. "Synthesis of fine chemicals by the conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to electrophilic alkenes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 10 (January 1, 2006): 1857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678101857.

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Several aliphatic nitro compounds have been employed as stabilized carbanions in the conjugate addition to a variety of electron-poor alkenes (Michael reaction). Depending on the nature of the alkene, new carbon-carbon single or double bonds can be generated. However, all the Michael adducts can be efficiently utilized as key building blocks for the synthesis of a huge array of fine chemicals, including homo- and heterocyclic structures.

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10

Lee, P. T., D. Lowinsohn, and R. G. Compton. "The selective electrochemical detection of homocysteine in the presence of glutathione, cysteine, and ascorbic acid using carbon electrodes." Analyst 139, no. 15 (2014): 3755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an00372a.

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The detection of homocysteine, HCys, was achieved with the use of catecholvia1,4-Michael addition reaction using carbon electrodes: a glassy carbon electrode and a carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode.

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11

RUDORF, W. D., and R. SCHWARZ. "ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Michael and Anti-Michael Additions to Carbon-Carbon Triple Bonds." ChemInform 25, no. 4 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199404293.

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12

Martínez, Jose I., Uxue Uria, Maria Muñiz, Efraím Reyes, Luisa Carrillo, and Jose L. Vicario. "Organocatalytic and enantioselective Michael reaction between α-nitroesters and nitroalkenes. Syn/anti-selectivity control using catalysts with the same absolute backbone chirality." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (December 14, 2015): 2577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.277.

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The asymmetric and catalytic Michael reaction between α-nitroesters and nitroalkenes has been studied in the presence of two bifunctional catalysts both containing the same absolute chirality at the carbon backbone. The reaction performed in similar conditions allows us to control the syn or anti selectivity of the Michael adduct obtaining good yields and high enantiocontrol in all cases.

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13

Shim, Jae Ho, Seok Hyun Cheun, Hyeon Soo Kim, and Deok-Chan Ha. "Organocatalysis for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldehydes and α,β-Unsaturated Nitroalkenes." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020121.

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Michael addition is an important reaction because it can be used to synthesize a wide range of natural products or complex compounds that exhibit biological activities. In this study, a mirror image of an aldehyde and α,β-unsaturated nitroalkene were reacted in the presence of (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEN). Herein, thiourea was introduced as an organic catalyst, and a selective Michael addition reaction was carried out. The primary amine moiety of DPEN reacts with aldehydes to form enamines, which is activated by the hydrogen bond formation between the nitro groups of α,β-unsaturated nitroalkenes and thiourea. Our aim was to obtain an asymmetric Michael product by adding 1,4-enamine to an alkene to form a new carbon–carbon bond. As a result, the primary amine of the chiral diamine was converted to an enamine. The reaction proceeded with a relatively high degree of enantioselectivity, which was achieved using double activation via hydrogen bonding of the nitro group and thiourea. Michael products with a high degree of enantioselectivity (97–99% synee) and diastereoselectivity (syn/anti = 9/1) were obtained in yields ranging from 94–99% depending on the aldehydes.

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14

Darvesh, Sultan, Andrew S. Grant, David I. MaGee, and Zdenek Valenta. "Synthetic studies towards bruceantin. Part 1. Establishment of the carbon network." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-902.

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In a synthetic approach to the biologically active quassinoid bruceantin 1, intermediate 47 was prepared, which contains all required C-atoms, rings A and B, and four of the 10 chiral centers of bruceantin. The possibilities for a convergent strategy were explored, in which a 5-carbon unit would be joined to a 15-carbon unit by three bonds. After the study of various alkylations and Michael additions needed for the key step, it was found that 3-iodo-1-trimethylsilyl-5-hexenyne44adds to the dianion of methyl ketone nitriles 3 and 13 cheme-, diastereo-, and enantioselectively.Key words: bruceantin, quassinoids, alkylation, Michael addition.

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15

Liu, Wenzhu, Jiafu Xiao, Qiong Xu, Xianxiang Liu, Sheng Zhong, Hua Huang, Min Zheng, Steven Robert Kirk, and Dulin Yin. "Imidazolyl activated carbon refluxed with ethanediamine as reusable heterogeneous catalysts for Michael addition." RSC Advances 9, no. 1 (2019): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09457h.

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16

Shaikh, Melad, Kiran Kumar Atyam, Mahendra Sahu, and Kalluri V. S. Ranganath. "Enhanced reactivity and selectivity of asymmetric oxa-Michael addition of 2′-hydroxychalcones in carbon confined spaces." Chemical Communications 53, no. 44 (2017): 6029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc01096f.

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17

Sánchez-Roselló, María, Carlos del Pozo, and Javier Miró. "Cross-Metathesis/Intramolecular (Hetero-)Michael Addition: A Convenient Sequence for the Generation of Carbo- and Heterocycles." Synthesis 49, no. 13 (May 4, 2017): 2787–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589497.

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The high stability and functional group compatibility of ruthenium carbene complexes confer them a great ability to catalyze domino processes. For this reason, the combination of metathesis reactions with additional transformations in a domino fashion has been exploited extensively, with the result of expanding the utility of ruthenium carbene complexes beyond that of just olefin metathesis. Among those domino processes, it is worth mentioning the sequence of cross-metathesis/intramolecular Michael addition, which allows for the generation of a wide variety of carbo- and heterocycles in a very simple manner, taking advantage of the benefits of domino reactions. Carbon-, oxygen- and nitrogen-centered nucleophiles are good partners in this protocol, the versatility of which has been illustrated with the synthesis of several biologically important compounds.1 Introduction2 Cross Metathesis/Intramolecular Aza-Michael Addition Sequences3 Cross Metathesis/Intramolecular Oxa-Michael Addition Sequences4 Cross Metathesis/Intramolecular Michael Addition Sequences5 Conclusions and Outlook

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18

D'Souza, Ozma J., Ronald J. Mascarenhas, Ashis K. Satpati, Irishi N. N. Namboothiri, Simon Detriche, Zineb Mekhalif, and Joseph Delhalle. "A multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly-2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol film modified carbon paste electrode for the amperometric determination ofl-tyrosine." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18329d.

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19

Wani, Aabid A., Sumit S. Chourasiya, Deepika Kathuria, and Prasad V. Bharatam. "1,1-Diaminoazines as organocatalysts in phospha-Michael addition reactions." Chemical Communications 57, no. 88 (2021): 11717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc04657h.

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20

Buttes, Stephen. "The Failure of Consuelo’s Designs: Carlos Fuentes and Trompe l’Oeil Modernity." Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 41, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 297–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/rceh.v41i2.2148.

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Este artículo estudia las tensiones entre los elementos barrocos y los elementos góticos en Aura (1962) de Carlos Fuentes. Estableciendo conexiones entre esta novela y La región más transparente (1958), el ensayo argumenta que en Aura Fuentes radicaliza la teatralidad de las formas barrocas y las góticas para señalar sus límites. Con el uso de la segunda persona singular, la novela desarrolla un concepto de modernidad que no se subordina a los modelos políticos existentes, un modelo parecido al arte anti-teatral en su variante pastoral estudiado por Michael Fried. Palabras clave: Carlos Fuentes, lo barroco, lo gótico, la antiteatralidad, la autonomía literaria The present study examines the tensions between Baroque and Gothic elements in Carlos Fuentes’ Aura (1962). Analyzing unstudied connections between La región más transparente (1958) and Aura, the essay argues that Fuentes radicalizes the theatricality of Baroque and Gothic forms in his novel in order to signal their limits. With his use of the second person singular to narrate the novel, he seeks to develop a new concept of modernity, one that would not be subordinated to already existing political models. This concept of literary form parallels the pastoral conception of antitheatrical art studied by Michael Fried. Keywords: Carlos Fuentes, Baroque, Gothic, antitheatricality, literary autonomy

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21

Lewandowska, Elzbieta, Stefan Kinastowski, and Stanislaw F. Wnuk. "Studies on the rearrangement of ortho-nitrobenzylidenemalonates and their Analogues to 2-aminobenzoate derivatives." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-010.

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Reaction of the diethyl 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidenemalonate with diethylamine in alcohols resulted in the reduction of the nitro group and the oxidation of the vinylic carbon attached to the phenyl ring. Simultaneous migration of the malonic fragment gave the appropriate 2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate esters. The presence of at least two nitro groups, or one nitro group and trifluoromethyl group on the phenyl ring, attached to the α-carbon and strongly electron withdrawing substituents at the β-carbon (CO2Et, CN) in ortho-nitrobenzylidene systems is necessary for this reductiveoxidative rearrangement to proceed. Reaction of nitrocinnamates with thiols in the presence of triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran gave Michael addition products with different regioselectivity of addition. Ethyl 2-nitrocinnamate undergoes standard β-addition of thiols to a carboncarbon double bond. However, 2,4-dinitro- and 2,4,6-trinitrocinnamates undergo α-addition of thiols, indicating that the presence of two nitro groups on the phenyl ring can reverse polarity of the carboncarbon double bond in cinnamate acceptors.Key words: abnormal Michael reactions, aromatic nitro compounds, benzylidene compounds, rearrangements.

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22

Klimek, Mark, and Keith Pearce. "The cost of computing." Physics World 35, no. 7 (August 1, 2022): 24iii—25i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/07/23.

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23

Yu, Xuan, Hui Bai, Dong Wang, Zhaohai Qin, Jia-Qi Li, and Bin Fu. "A convenient approach to difluoromethylated all-carbon quaternary centers via Ni(ii)-catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition." RSC Advances 8, no. 35 (2018): 19402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02853b.

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24

Lei, Chuan-Wen, Chuan-Bao Zhang, Zhen-Hua Wang, Ke-Xin Xie, Jian-Qiang Zhao, Ming-Qiang Zhou, Xiao-Mei Zhang, Xiao-Ying Xu, and Wei-Cheng Yuan. "Coumarin-3-formylpyrazoles as 3-carbon synthons in cyclocondensation for the synthesis of spiro-fused pentacyclic spirooxindoles." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 5 (2020): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob02434d.

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25

Xie, Yili, Qiang Huang, Meiying Liu, Ke Wang, Qing Wan, Fengjie Deng, Long Lu, Xiaoyong Zhang, and Yen Wei. "Mussel inspired functionalization of carbon nanotubes for heavy metal ion removal." RSC Advances 5, no. 84 (2015): 68430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08908e.

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26

Zheng, Weiping, Jiayong Zhang, Shuang Liu, Chengbin Yu, and Zhiwei Miao. "Asymmetric synthesis of spiro[chroman-3,3′-pyrazol] scaffolds with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter via a oxa-Michael–Michael cascade strategy with bifunctional amine-thiourea organocatalysts." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17792h.

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The chiral spiro[chroman-3,3′-pyrazol] derivatives have been synthesized through a catalytic oxa-Michael–Michael cascade reaction of 2-hydroxynitrostyrenes with 4-alkenyl pyrazolin-3-ones in good yields with moderate to high stereoselectivities.

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27

Cheng, Wen-Fu, Ling-Yan Chen, Fang-Fang Xu, Wei-Yu Lin, Xinfeng Ren, and Ya Li. "Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition between 3-subsituted oxindoles and enals catalyzed by camphor sulfonyl hydrazine." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 4 (2019): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02934b.

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3,3-Disubstituted oxindoles containing vicinal stereogenic carbon centers have been synthesized through organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition between 3-substituted oxindoles and enals catalyzed by chiral camphor sulfonyl hydrazines (CaSHs).

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28

Dong, Xiao-Yan, and Da-Ming Du. "Asymmetric 1,4-Michael Addition Reaction of Azadienes with α-Thiocyanoindanones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Chiral Squaramide." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 5146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175146.

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In this paper, the organocatalytic asymmetric 1,4-Michael addition reaction of azadienes and α-thiocyanoindanones was investigated. A series of chiral benzofuran compounds containing thiocyano group and quaternary carbon center were synthesized in moderate yields with good enantioselectivities (up to 90:10 er) and high diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 dr). This is the first case of 1,4-Michael addition reaction using α-thiocyanoindanones to obtain a series of chiral thiocyano compounds and further broaden the scope of application of azadiene substrates. In addition, a possible reaction mechanism is also described in the article.

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29

Boyko, Yaroslav Dmitrievich, Valentin Sergeevich Dorokhov, Alexey Yu Sukhorukov, and Sema Leibovich Ioffe. "Conjugated nitrosoalkenes as Michael acceptors in carbon–carbon bond forming reactions: a review and perspective." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (October 23, 2017): 2214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.220.

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Despite of their chemical instability and high reactivity, conjugated nitrosoalkenes are useful intermediates in target-oriented organic synthesis. The present review deals with carbon–carbon bond forming reactions involving Michael addition to α-nitrosoalkenes with a particular focus on recent developments in this methodology and its use in total synthesis.

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30

Yang, Wei, Yu Zhou, Haifeng Sun, Lei Zhang, Fei Zhao, and Hong Liu. "One-pot metal-free synthesis of highly substituted pyrroles from 2-acetyl-3-methylene-1,4-dicarbonyl compounds and primary amines via TBHP and activated carbon oxidative aromatization of dihydropyrrole." RSC Adv. 4, no. 29 (2014): 15007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra47782g.

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A metal-free cascade process for the synthesis of highly substituted pyrroles with high yields and broad substrate tolerance via enamine, aza-Michael addition and TBHP, activated carbon oxidative aromatization is reported.

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31

Vazquez, Carlos Adrian. "Reflections from Inside." Boom 6, no. 2 (2016): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.2.60.

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Excerpts from an autobiographical essay by Carlos Adrian Vazquez, an 18 year old serving an 11-year sentence for involuntary manslaughter. While in juvenile hall, Carlos benefited from a stream of volunteers among whom were some of California’s leading juvenile justice reform advocates—Scott Budnick of the Anti-Recidivism Coalition and Javier Stauring among them. Rev. Michael Kennedy with the Jesuit Restorative Justice Initiative encouraged Carlos through Jesuit meditation practices, which helped Carlos begin to transform his life. Through these things, and by taking responsibility for pain he caused, Carlos began actively seeking forgiveness from a number of places—society, his family, the family of his victim, God, and even Pope Francis, to whom Carlos wrote after encouragement from Kennedy. To Carlos’s surprise, on 21 January 2016, the Pope wrote him back.

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32

Montenegro-Sustaita, Mabel M., Hugo A. Jiménez-Vázquez, Elena Vargas-Díaz, J. Enrique Herbert-Pucheta, and L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo. "Structural Analysis of the Michael-Michael Ring Closure (MIMIRC) Reaction Products." Molecules 27, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092810.

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A representative number of decalin and hydrindane derivatives 2a–l were prepared in 11–91% yield by means of a cascade reaction of cyclohexanone/cyclopentanone enolates and methyl acrylate through a Michael–Michael ring closure (MIMIRC) process. The relative stereochemistry of the four stereogenic centers formed in all products was determined by analyzing the vicinal coupling constants from the 1H NMR and X-ray crystallography. Such a stereochemical outcome was corroborated by conformational analysis supported by DFT calculations and simulating the 1H NMR spectra of representative products. All products showed the same relative stereochemistry at C-1 and C-8a, while at C-3 and bridgehead carbon C-4a, configurational changes were observed. The present results provide some insights about the scope and limitations of the triple cascade reaction between cycloalkanone enolates with methyl acrylate. This synthetic protocol is still a simple and very practical alternative to generate decalin and hydrindane derivatives with great structural diversity.

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33

Allen, Michael. "The huge carbon footprint of large-scale computing." Physics World 35, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/03/32.

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Researchers have been able to cut their carbon footprint by jetting off to fewer international conferences, but physicists working on large-scale experiments may also have to consider the significant environmental impact of the computer power they require. Michael Allen investigates.

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34

Braga, Ruy Gomes, and Deni Alfaro Rubbo. "Dois mestres na periferia do capitalismo Michael Löwy e Mariátegui." Caderno CRH 31, no. 83 (January 24, 2019): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v31i83.25022.

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O objetivo deste artigo é discutir alguns dos desdobramentos da interpretação da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do capitalismo, presente em várias passagens da obra de Michael Löwy, a fim de indicar sua importância para a renovação crítica do marxismo latino-americano. Para tanto, buscaremos avançar por três momentos: 1) em primeiro lugar, iremos apresentar os delineamentos gerais da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado na obra de Löwy; 2) na sequência, vamos destacar a importância do contexto histórico latino-americano entre os anos de 1959 e 1979 no esforço interpretativo e político de Löwy, balizado, sobretudo, pela atualização da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado; finalmente, 3) argumentaremos que a fecundidade da interpretação de Löwy, no tocante ao contexto latino-americano, advém de sua familiaridade com o pensamento do marxista peruano José Carlos Mariátegui.TWO MASTERS IN THE PERIPHERY OF CAPITALISM: Michael Löwy and MariateguiThe purpose of this article is to discuss some of the implications of the interpretation of the unequal and combined development theory of capitalism present in several passages of Michael Löwy’s work in order to indicate its importance for the critical renewal of Latin American Marxism. In order to do so, we seek to advance through three moments: 1) first, we will present the general outlines of the unequal and combined development theory in Löwy’s work; 2) in the sequence, we will highlight the importance of the Latin American historical context between the years 1959 and 1979 in the interpretive and political effort of Löwy, especially for updating the theory of uneven and combined development; finally, 3) we will argue that the fecundity of Löwy’s interpretation of the Latin American context stems from his familiarity with the thinking of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. Key words: Löwy. Mariátegui. Marxism. Sociology. Latin America.DEUX MAITRES DANS LA PERIPHERIE DU CAPITALISME: Michael Löwy et Mariategui Le but de cet article est de discuter de quelques-unes des implications de l’interprétation de la théorie du développement inégal et combiné du capitalisme présent dans plusieurs passages du travail de Michael Löwy afin d’indiquer son importance pour le renouveau critique du marxisme latinoaméricain.Pour faire ça, nous cherchons à avancer à travers trois moments: 1) d’abord, nous présenterons les grandes lignes de la théorie du développement inégal et combiné dans le travail de Löwy; 2) dans la séquence, nous soulignerons l’importance du contexte historique latino-américain entre les années 1959 et 1979 dans l’effort interprétatif et politique de Löwy, en particulier pour actualiser la théorie du développement inégal et combiné;enfin, 3) nous affirmons que la fécondité de l’interprétation du contexte latino-américain par Löwy découle de sa familiarité avec la pensée du marxiste péruvien José Carlos Mariátegui. Mots-clés: Löwy. Mariátegui. Marxisme. Sociologie. Amérique Latine.

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35

Ni, Jixiang, Àlex Cristòfol, and Arjan W. Kleij. "Formation of β-cyano-ketones through cyanide-promoted ring-opening of cyclic organic carbonates." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 16 (2021): 4520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00770j.

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In an unusual cascade process involving KCN, vinyl cyclic carbonates are converted into β-cyano ketones with the subsequent extrusion of carbon dioxide and acetonitrile facilitating a Michael addition to an intermediate α,β-unsaturated ketone.

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36

Khatua, Arindam, Pranay Shyamal, Souvik Pal, Ayan Mondal, and Alakesh Bisai. "Concise total syntheses of bis(cyclotryptamine) alkaloids via thio-urea catalyzed one-pot sequential Michael addition." Chemical Communications 58, no. 24 (2022): 3929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cc01008a.

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Catalytic construction of vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters has been developed via an efficient thio-urea catalyzed one-pot sequential Michael addition of dimeric 2-oxindoles with vinyl selenones (up to 96% ee with dr >20 : 1).

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37

Hao, Xin-Qi, Cong Wang, Shuang-Liang Liu, Xiao Wang, Li Wang, Jun-Fang Gong, and Mao-Ping Song. "Cobalt(ii)/(imidazoline–oxazoline)-catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of 2-acetyl azaarenes to β-CF3-β-disubstituted nitroalkenes." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 2 (2017): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qo00562d.

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Cobalt(ii)/(imidazoline–oxazoline)-catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of 2-acetyl azaarenes to β-CF₃-β-disubstituted nitroalkenes is reported, providing chiral compounds with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.

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38

Zhu, Xiao-Yu, Mei-Heng Lv, Ya-Nan Zhao, Li-Yan Lan, Wen-Ze Li, and Lin-Jiu Xiao. "Organocatalytic sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade: constructing functionalized 2,5-dihydrothiophenes bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter." RSC Advances 8, no. 59 (2018): 34000–34003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra04325f.

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A sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol and α-aryl-β-nitroacrylate has been developed, which allows access to 2,5-dihydrothiophenes bearing a quaternary carbon center in moderate to good yields with high enantioselectivities.

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39

Su, Shikuan, Jianxiong Li, Mingming Sun, Hongbin Zhao, Yali Chen, and Jian Li. "A domino reaction of 2-isocyanophenyloxyacrylate and aryne to synthesize arenes with vicinal olefin and benzoxazole." Chemical Communications 54, no. 69 (2018): 9611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05735d.

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An unusual domino reaction of 2-isocyanophenyloxyacrylate and aryne has been disclosed. The present strategy experiences nucleophilic addition, Michael addition, carbon–oxygen cleavage, and cyclization, thus enabling the quick aryne vicinal difunctionalization by the installation of a benzoxazole and an olefin.

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40

Mohapatra, Seetaram, Nilofar Baral, Nilima Priyadarsini Mishra, Pravati Panda, and Sabita Nayak. "Michael Addition of Imidazole to α, β -Unsaturated Carbonyl/Cyano Compound." Open Chemistry Journal 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874842201805010018.

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Introduction: Aza-Michael addition is an important reaction for carbon-nitrogen bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry. Expalantion: Conjugate addition of imidazole to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl/cyano compounds provides significant numbers of the biologically and synthetically interesting products, such as β-amino acids and β-lactams, which have attracted great attention for their use as key intermediates of anticancer agents, antibiotics and other drugs. Conclusion: This review addresses most significant method for the synthesis of N-substituted imidazole derivatives following Michael addition reaction of imidazole to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl/cyano compounds using ionic liquid/base/acid/enzyme as catalysts from year 2007-2017.

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41

Banerjee, Subhash. "The remarkable catalytic activity of ultra-small free-CeO2 nanoparticles in selective carbon–carbon bond formation reactions in water at room temperature." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 7 (2015): 5350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00500k.

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A simple and efficient protocol for selective bis-Michael addition and mono-allylation of active methylene compounds has been demonstrated using ultra-small size (∼5 nm) uncapped cerium oxide nanoparticles (free-CeO₂ NPs) as a reusable catalyst in water at room temperature.

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42

Strohmeier, Gernot A., Tanja Sović, Georg Steinkellner, Franz S. Hartner, Aleksandra Andryushkova, Thomas Purkarthofer, Anton Glieder, Karl Gruber, and Herfried Griengl. "Investigation of lipase-catalyzed Michael-type carbon–carbon bond formations." Tetrahedron 65, no. 29-30 (July 2009): 5663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.042.

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Lavine, Michael. "A note on bounding monte carlo variances michael lavine." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 21, no. 10 (January 1992): 2855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929208830948.

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44

Berdet, Marc. "Entrevista a Michael Löwy, galardonado con el Premio europeo Walter Benjamin 2020." Acta Poética 42, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ap.2021.2.18128.

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Professor Marc Berdet gets into a dialogue with the brasilian-french thinker Michael Löwy, to establish the origin of his career; authors who have influenced his theoretical work such as Walter Benjamin and Max Weber, Karl Marx, Gersom Scholem, Georges Sorel, André Breton, Auguste Blanqui, Anna Zeghers, José Carlos Mariátegui, Charles Fourier, among others; and the evolution of a reflection that touches both European and Latin American critical thought.

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45

Liu, Hsing-Jang, and Hla Wynn. "Cyanothiolacetate as a masked β-hydroxyproprionitrile carbanion in Michael reactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-105.

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A facile method for the introduction of a highly functionalized isopropyl unit, in the form of β-hydroxyproprionitrile or acrylonitrile, to the β carbon of an α,β-unsaturated ketone has been developed using S-tert-butyl cyanothiolacetate as a β-hydroxyproprionitrile equivalent in Michael reactions.

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46

Nájera, Carmen, José Miguel Sansano, and Enrique Gómez-Bengoa. "Heterocycle-based bifunctional organocatalysts in asymmetric synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0403.

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AbstractDifferent chiral bifunctional organocatalysts derived from trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine bearing different types of guanidine units able to form-hydrogen bonding activation have been designed. Conformational rigid 2-aminobenzimidazoles bearing a tertiary amino group have been used in enantioselective Michael type reactions of activated methylene compounds to nitroalkenes. The C2 symmetric bis(2-aminobenzimidazole) derivatives the appropriate organocatalyst for the conjugate addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to maleimides as well as for the SN1 reaction of benzylic alcohols with carbon nucleophiles. 2-Aminobenzimidazoles bearing a primary amino group have shown excellent catalytic activity in the Michael reaction of aldehydes to maleimides and nitroalkenes. Diastereomeric 2-aminopyrimidines bearing a prolinamide unit have been incorporated in the trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine scaffold and have been used for the inter- and intra-molecular direct aldol reaction under solvent-free conditions. For the Michael reaction of aldehydes with maleimides the primary amine 2-aminopyrimidine has shown excellent efficiency as organocatalyst. The bifunctional character of these organocatalysts has been demonstrated by means of DFT calculations.

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47

De Novion, Jacques, Rebecca Lemos Igreja, and Camilo Negri. "O PAPEL DAS ESQUERDAS NO MUNDO." Abya-yala: Revista sobre Acesso à Justiça e Direitos nas Américas 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/abyayala.v2i3.23330.

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Entrevista realizada com Constanza Moreira, Consuelo Sánchez, Héctor Diaz Polanco, Juan Carlos Monedero e Michel Wieviorka, por Rebecca Igreja, Camilo Negri e Jacques de Novion, sobre o “Papel das esquerdas na atualidade”.

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48

Meng, Fan-Tao, Jing-Long Chen, Xiao-Yan Qin, Tian-Shu Zhang, Shu-Jiang Tu, Bo Jiang, and Wen-Juan Hao. "Gold self-relay catalysis for accessing functionalized cyclopentenones bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 9, no. 1 (2022): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo01313k.

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A new gold(i) self-relay catalysis consisting of a 3,3-rearrangement, Nazarov cyclization and Michael addition cascade of 1,3-enyne acetates with aurones and their derived azadienes is reported, producing functionalized cyclopentenones.

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Gao, Lingzhi, Bin Cheng, Huijie Yue, Suyan Cao, Jiang-Li Wang, and Liang Xu. "A bioinspired approach for construction of the [7-5-6-5] all-carbon tetracyclic core of logeracemin A." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 6 (2019): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00062c.

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Huang, You-ming, Chang-wu Zheng, and Gang Zhao. "Organocatalyzed aza-Michael–Michael cascade reactions to construct spirooxindole tetrahydroquinolines with all-carbon chiral centers." RSC Advances 3, no. 38 (2013): 16999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42783h.

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