Academic literature on the topic 'Michael Carlow'

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Journal articles on the topic "Michael Carlow"

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Morrissey, Thomas J. "A Man of the Universal Church: Peter James Kenney, S.J., 1779–1841." Recusant History 24, no. 3 (May 1999): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200002545.

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Kenney, Peter James (1779–1841), was born in Dublin, probably at 28 Drogheda Street, on 7 July, 1779. His father, Peter, and his mother, formerly Ellen Molloy, ran a small business. Apart from Peter, the other known children were Anne Mary, who joined the convent of the Sisters of St. Clare, and an older brother, or half-brother, Michael, who set up an apothecary’s shop in Waterford.Peter was born, therefore, in the decade which saw the American Revolution, the Suppression of the Jesuits and, in Ireland, the birth of Daniel O’Connell—destined to become ‘The Liberator’. The need to keep Ireland quiet during the American conflict, led to concessions to the Catholic population. The first of these was in 1778. Others followed when the French Revolution raised possibilities of unrest. In 1792 the establishment of Catholic colleges was allowed, and entry to the legal profession. These led to the founding of Carlow College and to Daniel O’Connell’s emergence as a lawyer. The following year the Irish parliament was obliged by the government to extend the parliamentary franchise to Catholics. Increased freedom, however, and the government’s connivance at the non-application of the penal laws, led to increased resentment against the laws themselves and, among middle-class Catholics, to a relishing of Edmund Burke’s celebrated reminder to the House of Commons in 1780, that ‘connivance is the relaxation of slavery, not the definition of liberty’.
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Yanai, Hikaru, Osamu Kobayashi, Kenji Takada, Takuya Isono, Toshifumi Satoh, and Takashi Matsumoto. "Sequential Mukaiyama–Michael reaction induced by carbon acids." Chemical Communications 52, no. 16 (2016): 3280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc10115h.

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Bosica, Giovanna, and Kurt Polidano. "Solvent-Free Henry and Michael Reactions with Nitroalkanes Promoted by Potassium Carbonate as a Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6267036.

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The use of a simple weak inorganic base such as potassium carbonate facilitated the formation of carbon-carbon bonds through both the Henry and the Michael reactions with nitrocompounds. The application of this catalyst under environmentally friendly solventless heterogeneous conditions gave satisfactory to good yields of β-nitroalcohols, involving aliphatic and aromatic starting materials, as well as high to excellent yields in the formation of Michael adducts using several different Michael acceptors and nitroalkanes.
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Harwood, Buie, and Allan Hing. "Michael Graves' Carlos Hall Reviewed." Journal of Interior Design 13, no. 1 (May 1987): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1668.1987.tb00104.x.

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Silveira, Claudinei Taborda da, Carlos Henrique Sopchaki, Ricardo Michael Pinheiro Silveira, and Gisele Neuman. "Pré-Textuais." Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 31 (August 25, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v31i0.37605.

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Silveira, Claudinei Taborda da, Carlos Henrique Sopchaki, Ricardo Michael Pinheiro Silveira, and Gisele Neuman. "Nota Editorial." Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 31 (August 25, 2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v31i0.37606.

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Rudorf, Wolf-Dieter, and Ralf Schwarz. "Intramolecular Michael and Anti-Michael Additions to Carbon-Carbon Triple Bonds." Synlett 1993, no. 06 (1993): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1993-22461.

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Shim, Jae Ho, Byung Kook Ahn, Ji Yeon Lee, Hyeon Soo Kim, and Deok-Chan Ha. "Organocatalysis for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cycloketones and α, β-Unsaturated Nitroalkenes." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11081004.

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Michael addition is one of the most important carbon–carbon bond formation reactions. In this study, an (R, R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEN)-based thiourea organocatalyst was applied to the asymmetric Michael addition of nitroalkenes and cycloketones to produce a chiral product. The primary amine moiety in DPEN reacts with the ketone to form an enamine and is activated through the hydrogen bond formation between the nitro group in the α, β-unsaturated nitroalkene and thiourea. Here, the aim was to obtain an asymmetric Michael product through the 1,4-addition of the enamine to an alkene to form a new carbon–carbon bond. As a result, the primary amine of the chiral diamine was converted into an enamine. The reaction proceeded with a relatively high level of enantioselectivity achieved using double activation through the hydrogen bonding of the nitro group and thiourea. Michael products with high levels of enantioselectivity (76–99% syn ee) and diastereoselectivity (syn/anti = 9/1) were obtained with yields in the range of 88–99% depending on the ketone.
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Ballini, R., L. Barboni, G. Bosica, D. Fiorini, and A. Palmieri. "Synthesis of fine chemicals by the conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to electrophilic alkenes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 10 (January 1, 2006): 1857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678101857.

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Several aliphatic nitro compounds have been employed as stabilized carbanions in the conjugate addition to a variety of electron-poor alkenes (Michael reaction). Depending on the nature of the alkene, new carbon-carbon single or double bonds can be generated. However, all the Michael adducts can be efficiently utilized as key building blocks for the synthesis of a huge array of fine chemicals, including homo- and heterocyclic structures.
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Lee, P. T., D. Lowinsohn, and R. G. Compton. "The selective electrochemical detection of homocysteine in the presence of glutathione, cysteine, and ascorbic acid using carbon electrodes." Analyst 139, no. 15 (2014): 3755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an00372a.

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The detection of homocysteine, HCys, was achieved with the use of catecholvia1,4-Michael addition reaction using carbon electrodes: a glassy carbon electrode and a carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Michael Carlow"

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Wills, Brian Wesley. "An immersive extension for the Michael C Carlos Museum : making space from within." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23057.

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Leitherer, Susanne [Verfasser], and Michael [Gutachter] Thoss. "Charge Transport in Carbon-Based Nanostructures / Susanne Leitherer ; Gutachter: Michael Thoss." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1123806225/34.

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Neuhoff, Daniel [Verfasser], Michael C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Burda, and Fabio [Akademischer Betreuer] Canova. "Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo / Daniel Neuhoff. Gutachter: Michael C. Burda ; Fabio Canova." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1096286130/34.

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Pax, Carlo-Michael [Verfasser]. "Vaginale Prolapshysterektomie mit Scheidengrundfixation und Zystozelenkorrektur : Ergebnisse eines mittelfristigen Follow-Up / Carlo-Michael Pax." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112133208/34.

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Teichert, Fabian [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Schreiber, Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Schuster, Michael [Gutachter] Schreiber, and Thomas [Gutachter] Frauenheim. "Quantum transport in defective carbon nanotubes at mesoscopic length scales / Fabian Teichert ; Gutachter: Michael Schreiber, Thomas Frauenheim ; Michael Schreiber, Jörg Schuster." Chemnitz : Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1219534714/34.

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Wei, Lai. "Asymmetric organocatalysis in the Michael reaction of cyclic α-alkyl ketones : enantioselective synthesis of suberosanes and succinimides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS325.

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La découverte des activités cytotoxiques impressionnantes des subérosanes, des sesquiterpènes d’origine marine isolées dès 1996 de la gorgone Subergorgia suberosa, ainsi que leurs structures tricycliques complexes possédant jusqu’à cinq centre stéréogènes contigus dont un centre quaternaire central, ont fait de ces molécules des cibles de choix tant pour les acteurs de la chimie médicinale que pour ceux travaillant dans le domaine de la synthèse totale. Enfin, une molécule d’origine synthétique « simplifiée » de cette famille, la nor-subérosénone, a également montré des activités cytotoxiques remarquables. Les quantités disponibles de ces produits d’intérêt pharmacologique étant infimes dans le milieu marin, notre équipe s’est intéressée précédemment à la synthèse et à l’évaluation biologique de plusieurs représentants de cette famille de produits naturels et de leurs antipodes permettant de décrire leurs configurations absolues ainsi qu’aux nor-subérosénone et nor-subérosanone d’origine synthétique. L’étape clef de ces synthèses faisant appel à une réaction de Michael asymétrique utilisant un inducteur chiral stœchiométrique peu onéreux et disponible sous ses deux formes antipodales a permis d’obtenir pour la première fois, en version énantiosélective, plusieurs représentants de cette famille de façon concise. Nous décrivons dans ce manuscrit comment nous sommes passés d’une telle réaction de Michael « stœchiométrique » à un processus organocatalysé asymétrique impliquant un système catalytique qui après développement s’est montré efficace et peu coûteux permettant de réduire encore le nombre d’étapes de ces synthèses et d'accroitre l'économie d'atomes, vers une chimie plus respectueuse de l’environnement. Les améliorations apportées aux synthèses précédemment réalisées au sein de notre équipe, et notamment à une cyclisation originale catalysée au triflate d’argent, ont permis de réaliser les synthèses par la voie « stœchiométrique » de nor-subérosanes avec une grande efficacité. La (+)-nor-subérosénone a été obtenue en vingt étapes et 19.29% de rendement global (vs dix-neuf étapes et 4.65% de rendement global précédemment) et la (±)-nor-subérosanone en dix-neuf étapes et 25.06% de rendement global (vs dix-huit étapes et 8.85% de rendement global précédemment). Le succès de la voie organocatalysée a enfin permis de synthétiser la (+)-nor-subérosénone en dix-huit étapes et 19.76% de rendement global (vs dix-neuf étapes et 4.65% de rendement global). Nous avons enfin ouvert la voie à la synthèse potentielle d’épimères des subérosanes via une mise au point de l’addition organocatalysée de Michael de cétone cycliques alpha-méthylées sur les maleimides. Divers maléimides se sont avérés être des électrophiles appropriés dans ce processus, délivrant principalement les adduits attendus portant la stéréodiade centre quaternaire-centre tertiaire adjacents avec des rendements modérés à excellents (39 à 94%) et des énantiosélectivités bonnes à excellentes (75 à 99% ee) dans des conditions réactionnelles faisant intervenir l’activation par les micro-ondes. Des conditions réactionnelles ont été optimisées pour réduire au maximum les diastéréomères et les régioisomères correspondants ainsi que les produits secondaires d’aza-Michael. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le domaine plus vaste et très compétitif de la formation organocatalysée énantiosélective, en une seule étape, d’enchaînement de centre stéréogènes carbonés quaternaire et tertiaire
The discovery of the impressive cytotoxic activities of the subterranean, sesquiterpenes of marine origin isolated in 1996 from the gorgon Subergorgia suberosa, as well as their complex tricyclic structures with up to five contiguous stereogenic centers including a central quaternary center, made these molecules choice targets for both those involved in medicinal chemistry and those working in the field of total synthesis. Finally, a molecule of "simplified" synthetic origin of this family, nor-suzerenone, has also shown remarkable cytotoxic activities. As the quantities available for these products of pharmacological interest are minimal in the marine environment, our team was interested previously in the synthesis and the biological evaluation of several representatives of this family of natural products and their antipodes allowing to describe their absolute configurations as well as nor-suzerenone and nor-suerosanone of synthetic origin. The key step in these syntheses, using an asymmetric Michael reaction using a low-cost stoichiometric chiral inducer available in its two antipodal forms, made it possible to obtain for the first time, in enantioselective version, several representatives of this family in a way that concisely. We describe in this manuscript how we went from such a "stoichiometric" Michael reaction to an asymmetric organocatalytic process involving a catalytic system that after development proved effective and inexpensive enough to further reduce the number of stages of these syntheses and to increase the economy of atoms, towards a chemistry more respectful of the environment. The improvements made to syntheses previously carried out within our team, and in particular to an original cyclization catalyzed with silver triflate, made it possible to synthesize by the "stoichiometric" way of nor-subterraneans with a great efficiency. (+) - nor-suzerenone was obtained in twenty steps and 19.29% overall yield (vs nineteen stages and 4.65% overall yield previously) and the (±) -nor-suerosanone in nineteen stages and 25.06 % overall return (vs eighteen steps and 8.85% overall return previously). The success of the organocatalyzed route eventually allowed to synthesize (+)-nor-suberosenone in eighteen stages and 19.76% overall yield (vs nineteen stages and 4.65% overall yield). Finally, we have opened the way for the potential synthesis of epimers of suberosanes via a development of organocatalyzed Michael addition reaction of alpha-methylated cyclic ketones to maleimides. Various maleimides have been shown to be suitable electrophiles in this process, mainly delivering the expected adducts carrying the adjacent tertiary center-tertiary center stereodiade in moderate to excellent yields (39 to 94%) and good to excellent enantioselectivities (75 to 99% ee) under reaction conditions involving activation by microwaves. Reaction conditions were optimized to minimize corresponding diastereomers and regioisomers as well as aza-Michael by-products. This work is part of the larger and highly competitive field of one-step enantioselective organocatalyst formation of quaternary and tertiary carbon-based stereogenic centers
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Zhang, Zhe [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Sattler, and Martin [Gutachter] Zacharias. "Application of Enhanced Sampling Monte Carlo Methods for Structural Prediction of Protein-Protein Complexes / Zhe Zhang ; Gutachter: Martin Zacharias, Michael Sattler ; Betreuer: Michael Sattler." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126115827/34.

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Gschwender, Michael [Verfasser], and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Lachenmaier. "Finite Element and Monte Carlo Simulations Accompanying the SOX Experiment / Michael Gschwender ; Betreuer: Tobias Lachenmaier." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188613707/34.

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Breßler, Ingo [Verfasser], Andreas F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Thünemann, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Gradzielski, Michael [Gutachter] Gradzielski, and Andreas F. [Gutachter] Thünemann. "Scattering techniques for nanoparticle analysis : classical curve fitting and Monte Carlo methods / Ingo Breßler ; Gutachter: Michael Gradzielski, Andreas F. Thünemann ; Andreas F. Thünemann, Michael Gradzielski." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156018390/34.

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Paula, Carine Fonseca Caetano de. "Sobre saberes e verdades: as discursividades científica e feiticeira no livro-enunciado de Carlos Castaneda." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3816.

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Cette recherche théorique vise a analyser la relation entre le savoir et les vérités dans le livre Le Herbe du Diable de Carlos Castañeda, le résultat du travail ethnographique fait par l'auteur en 1960, chercheur dans le domaine de l'anthropologie sociale, quand Il devient apprenti assistant en faisant le recherche sur le système de cognition des chamans de l'ancien Mexique. A cet effet, ce travail s'inscrit dans le domaine de l'analyse du discours et son orientation méthodologique est de penser historiquement avec Michel Foucault et mettre l'accent essentiellement archéologique de l'analyse du discursive. En suivez le parcours de cette problématisation, est aussi de penser le savoir de la science et de la sorcellerie tandis que matérialité discursive présente dans l'objet de l'analyse, ainsi que leur volonté de vérité dans les jeux de légitimation et de validation sociale demande aussi de parcourrir d'autres voies de compréhension. Un moyen de investigation, même sans approfondir, a été les particularités théoriques et épistémologiques du champs de l´AD, comprendre les moyens par lesquels la pensée de Foucault conclut ce domaine, en particulier, de l'archéologie comme méthode critique de l'analyse de les discursivités. En pensant avec Foucault, une autre façon de réfléchir le récit ethnographique, publié comme un livre, c´est de lui penser comme l´événement discursif et le caractériser comme une déclaration de livre-énonciatif transgresseur, une analyse discursive des conditions historiques de son émergence, l'exercice de son énonciation et les effets de ce qui signifie, et penser comme la fonction de leur mouvement et l'appropriation sociale ont étés générés. Ces parcours parallèles a les problématiques, ont étés importants pour situer le domaine de l´AD dans une perspective critique et donc pour effetuer d´autres opérations discursives, la critique et la déconstruction de la volonté de vérité que le discours scientifique impose à d'autres domaines de la pensé dans les relations du pouvoir qui accompagnent également les savoirs.
A presente pesquisa teórica tem como objetivo principal problematizar a relação entre saberes e verdades no livro A Erva do Diabo de Carlos Castañeda, resultado do trabalho etnográfico desenvolvido pelo autor nos anos de 1960, quando era pesquisador do campo da Antropologia Social e tornou-se aprendiz de feiticeiro, ao pesquisar o sistema de cognição dos xamãs do México antigo. Para tal objetivo, esta dissertação inscreve-se no campo da Análise dos Discursos e tem como orientação metodológica o pensar historicamente “com” Michel Foucault, numa ênfase basicamente arqueológica de análise. Seguir o percurso desta problematização entre os saberes da ciência e da feitiçaria presentes enquanto materialidades discursivas no objeto da análise, bem como suas vontades de verdade nos jogos de validação e legitimação sociais, requereu percorrer também outros trajetos de compreensão. Um deles foi investigar, ainda que sem aprofundamentos, as especificidades teórico-epistemológicas do campo da AD e compreender por quais caminhos o pensamento de Foucault adentra este campo, em especial, a partir da arqueologia como método crítico de análise das discursividades. No pensar “com” Foucault, outro caminho foi conferir ao relato etnográfico publicado como livro um caráter de acontecimento histórico e discursivo e caracterizá-lo como um livro-enunciado transgressor, podendo assim efetuar uma análise propriamente discursiva das condições históricas de seu surgimento, do exercício de sua função enunciativa e dos efeitos de sentido produzidos por sua circulação e apropriação sociais. Esses percursos paralelos à problematização principal foram importantes para situar o campo da AD numa perspectiva crítica de análise e assim efetuar, dentre outras operações discursivas, a crítica e a desconstrução da vontade de verdade que o discurso científico impõe a outros domínios de saber, nas relações de poder que também acompanham os saberes
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Books on the topic "Michael Carlow"

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Michael C. Carlos Museum: Highlights of the collections. [Atlanta]: Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University, 2011.

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Edgeler, John. Michael Cardew & Winchcombe pottery, 1926-1939. Winchcombe: Cotswolds Living, 2014.

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Edgeler, John. Michael Cardew and the West Country slipware tradition. Winchcombe [England]: Cotswolds Living Publications, 2007.

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Edgeler, John. Michael Cardew and the West Country slipware tradition. Winchcombe [England]: Cotswolds Living Publications, 2007.

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Crazy man Michael. London: Gollancz, 2000.

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Snoddy, Raymond. Greenfinger: The rise of Michael Green and Carlton Communications. London: Faber and Faber, 1996.

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Flesh and stone: A Michael Carpo mystery. New York, NY: Kensington Books, 1997.

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Stone-Miller, Rebecca. Seeing with new eyes: Highlights of the Michael C. Carlos Museum collection of art of the Ancient Americas. Atlanta: Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University, 2002.

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Teasley, Trope Betsy, and Michael C. Carlos Museum, eds. The realm of Osiris: Mummies, coffins, and Ancient Egyptian funerary art in the Michael C. Carlos Museum. Atlanta: Emory University, 2001.

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Dead of summer. New York: Kensington Books, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Michael Carlow"

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Shibasaki, Masakatsu, Shigeki Matsunaga, Naoya Kumagai, Zhuo Tang, Liu-Zhu Gong, Ai-Qiao Mi, Yao-Zhong Jiang, Masahito Watanabe, Kunihiko Murata, and Takao Ikariya. "Asymmetric Aldol and Michael Reactions." In Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis, Volume 3, Metal Catalysed Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions, 201–23. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470862017.ch11.

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Kanai, Motomu, and Masakatsu Shibasaki. "Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions: Asymmetric Michael Reactions." In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis, 569–92. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471721506.ch18.

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Rosa, João N., and Carlos A. M. Afonso. "Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Michael Reaction in Ionic Liquids-Carbon Dioxide." In ACS Symposium Series, 235–45. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0950.ch018.

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Mann, Michael E., and Benedetta Brevini. "An Interview with Michael E. Mann: Fighting for Science Against Climate Change Deniers’ Propaganda." In Carbon Capitalism and Communication, 23–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57876-7_2.

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Stadlinger, Elisabeth. "Carlo Gozzi bei Michail Kuzmin: Venezianische Theatralität in St. Petersburg." In Ost-West-Express. Kultur und Übersetzung, 149–62. Berlin: Frank & Timme GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57088/978-3-7329-9361-1_4.

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Gmür, David. "Mehr Sicherheit mit zentraler Bankenaufsicht." In Die Wirtschaft im Wandel, 53–57. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31735-5_9.

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ZusammenfassungDie Wirtschaft braucht Kredit, und die Gesellschaft mehr Sicherheit. Die Banken müssen in der Kreditvergabe auf Ertrag und Risiko gleichzeitig achten. Damit die Regulierung effektiven Schutz bieten kann, muss die Bankenaufsicht die Einhaltung der Vorschriften überwachen und frühzeitig das Entstehen übermässiger Risiken aufdecken. In der Bankenunion kann eine zentrale Aufsicht eher für gleich lange Spiesse im europaweiten Wettbewerb der Banken sorgen, kann unabhängiger als nationale Aufsichtsbehörden agieren, und dank besserer Ressourcen auch komplexe Grossbanken wirksam beaufsichtigen. So wird die Kreditvergabe sicherer, indem die Banken angehalten sind, faule und riskante Kredite zügig abzubauen und mehr Kredit auf die produktiveren Unternehmen mit besseren Aussichten lenken.Christian Keuschnigg und Michael Kogler, Herausgeber.Altavilla, Carlo, Miguel Boucinha, José-Luis Peydró, und Frank Smets (2020), Banking Supervision, Monetary Policy and Risk-Taking: Big Data Evidence from 15 Credit Registers, CEPR Discussion Paper Nr. 14288.
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Tanaka, Hideo, Yukihiro Misumi, and Sigeru Torii. "Electroreductive Carbon-Halogen Bond Fission of Alkyl Halides. Michael-Type Addition of Radicals Generated by One-Electron Reduction." In Novel Trends in Electroorganic Synthesis, 251–52. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65924-2_77.

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Rode, Alan K. "Pre-Code in Synthetic Flesh." In Michael Curtiz. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813173917.003.0014.

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Curtiz’s career is summarized during the pre-Code era of Hollywood films. The evolution of the Production Code from the 1922 appointment of Will Hays as the czar of the MPPDA to the lack of enforcement of the Code is contextually chronicled as a key driver of the nature of Warner Bros. pictures during the early years of the Depression. Zanuck pioneered the “ripped from the headlines” gangster dramas that struck a chord with audiences. After he directed The Mad Genius, with John Barrymore, Curtiz’s pay was cut as Warners lost $8 million in 1931.Following The Woman from Monte Carlo and the visually creative Alias the Doctor, Curtiz was assigned the contemporary Strange Love of Molly Louvain, starring Ann Dvorak.He hit box-office gold with Doctor X (1932), a gruesome pre-Code horror film starring Fay Wray, who recounted Curtiz’s cold, sometimes cruel behavior on the set. Curtiz’s production of The Cabin in the Cotton included his racial faux pas and his alienation of Bette Davis during their first film together.His masterly direction of 20,000 Years in Sing Sing concluded a year of worsening economic conditions for the country.
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Glass, R. S. "Michael Addition." In Three Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Amides and Derivatives; Peptides; Lactams, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-022-00168.

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Sartori, G., and R. Maggi. "Michael Addition." In Three Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Acid Halides; Carboxylic Acids and Acid Salts, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-020-01359.

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Conference papers on the topic "Michael Carlow"

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Hong, Eungyo, Waidath Bio-Sawe, and Mukund Sibi. "Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters via Michael Initiated Ring Closure Reaction." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Catalysis Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eccs2020-07631.

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Tykot, Robert H., John J. Herrmann, Renée Stein, Jasper Gaunt, Susan Blevins, and Anne R. Skinner. "Analysis of Classical Marble Sculptures in the Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta." In XI International Conference of ASMOSIA. University of Split, Arts Academy in Split; University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31534/xi.asmosia.2015/02.34.

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Oliveira, A. D., and T. P. Filomena. "Stochastic scenario generation: An empirical approach." In I Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2016.9851.

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We briefly discuss the differences among several methods to generate a scenario tree for stochastic optimization. First, the Monte Carlo Random sampling is presented, followed by the Fitting of the First Two Moments sampling, and lastly the Michaud sampling. Literature results are reviewed, taking into account distinctive features of each kind of methodology. According to the literature results, it is fundamental to consider the problem’s unique characteristics to make the more appropriate choice on sampling method.
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Solis-Calero, C., PA Morais, FF Maia Jr, VN Freire, and HF Carvalho. "Explaining SARS-CoV-2 3CL Mpro binding to peptidyl Michael acceptor and a ketone-based inhibitors using Molecular fractionation with conjugate caps method." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020185.

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The main protease SARS-CoV-2 3CL Mpro (3CL-Mpro) is an attractive target for developing antiviral inhibitors due to its essential role in processing the polyproteins translated from viral coronavirus RNA. In this work, it was obtained non-covalent complexes of this protease with two distinct ligands, a peptidyl Michael acceptor (N3) and a ketone-based compound (V2M). The complexes were modeled from processed crystallographic data (PDB id: 6LU7 and 6XHM respectively) using combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. The QM region was treated at the PBE-def2-SV(P) level, while the Amber-ff19SB force field was used to describe the MM region. The obtained models were used to perform calculations for describing the protease/ligand binding, based in the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and within the Molecular Fractionation with Conjugated Caps (MFCC) scheme. Our results have shown values for the total interaction energies of -111.84 and -111.64 kcal mol-1 having as ligands a N3 and V2M, respectively. Most importantly, it was possible to assess the relative individual amino acid energy contribution for the binding of both ligands considering residues around them up to 10 Å of radial distance. Residues Gln189, Met165, Glu166, His164, and Asn142 were identified as main interacting amino acid residues for both complexes, being their negative interaction energy contributions higher than -5.0 kcal mol-1. In the case of 3CL-Mpro/ V2M complex, we should add His41, Ser144, and Cys145 as main contributing residues. Our data also have shown that interactions of type π-amide, π-alkyl and alkyl-alkyl and carbon hydrogen bonds should be also considered in order to explain the binding of 3CL-Mpro with the selected inhibitors. Our results also determined that the carbonyl-L-leucinamide scaffold of both inhibitors is its main determinant of binding with a contribution to the energy of interaction of 54.51 and 50.69 kcal mol-1 for N3 and V2M, respectively.
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Blondeel, Philippe, Pieterjan Robbe, Stijn François, Geert Lombaert, and Stefan Vandewalle. "An overview of p-refined Multilevel quasi-Monte Carlo Applied to the Geotechnical Slope Stability Problem." In VI ECCOMAS Young Investigators Conference. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/yic2021.2021.12236.

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Engineering problems are often characterized by significant uncertainty in their material parameters. Multilevel sampling methods are a straightforward manner to account for this uncertainty. The most well known multilevel method is the Multilevel Monte Carlo method (MLMC). First developed by Giles, see [1], this method relies on a hierarchy of successive refined Finite Element meshes of the considered engineering problem, in order to achieve a computational speedup. Most of the samples are taken on coarse and computationally cheap meshes, while a decreasing number of samples are taken on finer and computationally expensive meshes. Classically, the mesh hierarchy is constructed by selecting a coarse mesh discretization of the problem, and recursively applying an h-refinement approach to it, see [2]. This will be referred to as h-MLMC. However, in the h-MLMC mesh hierarchy, the number of degrees of freedom increases almost geometrical with increasing level, leading to a large computational cost. An efficient manner to reduce this computational cost, is by means of the novel sampling method called p-refined Multilevel Quasi-Monte Carlo (p-MLQMC), see [3]. The p-MLQMC method uses a hierarchy of p-refined Finite Element meshes, combined with a deterministic Quasi-Monte Carlo sampling rule. This combination significantly reduced the computational cost with respect to h-MLMC. However, the p-MLQMC method presents the practitioner with a challenge. This challenge consists in adequately incorporating the uncertainty, represented as a random field, in the Finite Element model. In previous work, see [4], we have tackled this challenge by investigating how the evaluation points, used to calculate point evaluations of the random field by means of the Karhunen-Loève (KL) expansion, need to be selected in order to achieve the lowest computational cost. We found that using sets of nested evaluation points across the mesh hierarchy, i.e., the Local Nested Approach (LNA), yields a speedup up to a factor 5 with respect to sets consisting of non-nested evaluation points, i.e., the Non-Nested Approach (NNA). Furthermore, we have shown that p-MLQMC-LNA yields a speedup up to a factor 70 with respected to h-MLMC. Currently, our research focus lies on implementing the use of higher order Quasi-Monte Carlo rules, and hierarchical shape functions in p-MLQMC. Both paths show promising results for further computational savings in the p-MLQMC method. All the aforementioned implementations are benchmarked on a slope stability problem, with spatially varying uncertainty in the ground. The chosen quantity of interest (QoI) consists of the vertical displacement of the top of the slope.[1] Michael B. Giles. Multilevel Monte Carlo path simulation. Oper. Res., 56(3):607–617, 2008. [2] K. A. Cliffe, M. B. Giles, R. Scheichl, and A. L. Teckentrup. Multilevel Monte Carlo methods and applications to elliptic pdes with random coefficients. Comput. Vis. Sci., 14(1):3, Aug 2011. [3] Philippe Blondeel, Pieterjan Robbe, Cédric Van hoorickx, Stijn François, Geert Lombaert, and Stefan Vandewalle. p-refined multilevel quasi-monte carlo for galerkin finite element methods with applications in civil engineering. Algorithms, 13(5), 2020. [4] Philippe Blondeel, Pieterjan Robbe, Stijn François, Geert Lombaert, and Stefan Vandewalle. On the selection of random field evaluation points in the p-mlqmc method. arXiv, 2020.
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Ungurecan, M. L., and D. M. Gligor. "Effect of light irradiation and immobilization of carbon nanotubes on kinetic parameters corresponding to Michaelis — Menten equation, for NADH sensors based on phenothiazine graphite modified electrodes." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aqtr.2010.5520775.

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Skejic, Renato, and Egil Jullumstrø. "Power Performance and Environmental Footprint of High-Speed Vessels in Calm Deep Water." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83343.

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This paper reports a theoretical study of the power performance and environmental footprint of high-speed vessels in calm deep water, paying particular attention to a high-speed catamaran cargo vessel Faltinsen [1]. The power analysis uses a modified version of the method of Doctors and Day [2]. One modification to their approach is that the wave resistance and free surface wave profiles, have been numerically predicted using two different linear potential flow field theories; Michell thin-ship theory (Yeung and Wan [3]) and the 3D Rankine panel method (Hess and Smith [4]), respectively. We have based the latter method on the combination of the Dawson [5] upstream finite difference operator and the ‘staggered grid’ technique (Jensen et al. [6]). In addition, this paper shows how the viscosity effects modeled on the free surface layer influence the behavior of the wave resistance curves as predicted by Michell’s thin ship theory. This was done by adopting the approaches described by Tuck [7] and Lazauskas [8]. The wave resistance models were verified and validated using the examples of Wigley monohull (Lazauskas [8], Tarafder and Suzuki [9]) and catamaran (Yeung and Wan [3], Tarafder and Suzuki [10]) analytical forms, as well as on the Tuck parabolic strut (Tuck [7]). Furthermore, the resistance models were extended using free surface profile estimates at selected Froude numbers and applied to the case of a high-speed catamaran cargo vessel. The numerical results obtained were compared with published results and their accuracy and application feasibility is discussed from the perspective of preliminary high-speed vessel design. Based on the discussion above, suitable wave resistance models were selected and combined with the modified Doctors and Day [2] method giving the total resistance of the high-speed catamaran cargo vessel in the interval of Froude numbers. Having the estimates of total resistance, enables the effective power to be found. The results were compared with known results and were found to be in good agreement. Through combination of the effective power and propulsion factors, the brake power of the generic propulsion system is predicted. Taking into account the type of vessel being analyzed, the most common type of the propulsion diesel engine was selected. Finally, knowing the indicative environmental footprint of the selected engine, emission levels of Green House Gases (GHG) and solid particles were obtained. The emission results are further discussed in an ecologically friendly high-speed vessel design perspective (IMO [11, 19]).
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Xia, Chunguang, and Nicholas Fang. "Enhanced Mass Transport Through Permeable Polymer Microcirculatory Networks." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15408.

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One of the obstacles of culturing functioning vital tissues in vitro is to obtain a substantial biomass at a physiological cell density (>108cells/cm3). At this high density, the diffusion length of metabolites is limited to ~100um. As a matter of fact, in real tissue, almost all the cells are located within 100um distance from the capillaries [1]. Studies [2, 3] also confirmed that the cells in the artificial tissue cannot be properly cultured when they are further than 400um from the external nutrient source. Therefore, to culture three dimensional artificial tissue with substantial biomass, vascularization is necessary to enhance the metabolites transport. The short diffusion length of the metabolites requires high capillary density (>100/mm2) in vascularization. To meet this need, we have developed a novel high resolution and high speed 3D microfabrication technique, the projection microstereolithography[4] to explore microcirculatory networks with high density (>150/mm2). Using this technology we designed and fabricated the microreactors as shown in Figure 1. In our samples, 800um PEG microcapillaries with 20um inner radius and 40um outer radius with pitch of 96um are fabricated. Two rings as inlet and outlet are connected to external supply of culture medium. We designed the parameters of the vascularized microbioreactor based on the simulations of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport and metabolism in hepatocytes. As shown in Figure 2, the capillaries are arranged in a hexagonal way. According to the geometric symmetry, the final simulation domain is divided into 2 regions, the polymer capillary wall and the tissue. We assumed that a culture media with dissolved oxygen is pumped through the capillaries at 1.5mm/s rate and diffuses through the capillary wall, into the hepatocytes. The consumption of oxygen follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics [5, 6] and the metabolic rate of carbon dioxide is assumed to be proportional to that of oxygen by a fixed quotient (-0.81) which is addressed and studied by other groups [7]. The carbon dioxide diffuses into the capillaries and can be carried away through the flow of the culture medium. Our simulation indicates that the bottleneck of effective oxygen transport is the permeability of the polymer materials. The oxygen concentration drops off about 90% after diffusing through the capillary wall. It is predicted that the diffusion length at the inlet is 74um and 48um at the outlet; the rapid drop of carbon dioxide concentration also happens across the capillary wall. The predicted carbon dioxide concentration in the tissue is ~80nmol/cm3; this value is much smaller than the toxic value (100mmHg or 3umol/cm3) reported by David Gray and coworkers [8]. In Figure 2, we present the effect of the permeability of the capillary polymer materials on the diffusion length of oxygen and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the tissue. Our study indicates the existence of an optimal permeability for the capillary network, at which the overall diffusion length of oxygen is maximized. Interestingly, we also found a maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the cultured tissue as the permeability of the polymer material changes. We attribute it to the competition between the tissue thickness and the permeability. Higher permeability increases the cultured tissue thickness, and also increases the ability of capillary to empty carbon dioxide. Not only is this model applicable for oxygen and carbon dioxide, but also for the transport of other metabolites. As an ongoing experimental effort, our fluorescent microscopy measurement validated the diffusion transport of fluorescent species from the capillary (Figure 3). Experiments are also in progress on the oxygen diffusion from the capillaries will cell cultures of high density on the PEG scaffold by introducing proper indicators. In summary, we have established a method to design and manufacture vascularized microcirculatory network to enhance the mass transport during the tissue culture. To ensure the effective nutrient delivery and wastes removal, our numerical simulation also confirms that it is essential to embed high density microcapillaries with optimal permeability.
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Bentley, Chris. "Vagas e presenças atenuadas: Uma piscina contra-memorial para Waitara." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.163.g222.

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Os memoriais são testemunhas de histórias, lugares e pessoas do passado. Suas declarações podem ser sentidas e ouvidas, se alguém estiver em condições de ouvir. Os memoriais são os progenitores dessas vozes, funcionando como marcadores locativos curiosos e polêmicos. Este artigo relata uma investigação conduzida por uma prática na piscina do memorial. Apresenta esses espaços estranhos e disjuntivos como contra-memoriais, meios para métodos alternativos de lembrança. O projeto desdobrou-se em duas fases: trabalho de campo documental e uma intervenção de design especulativo. O trabalho de campo consistiu em expedições a três piscinas memoriais encontradas em Te Ika-a-Maui, a Ilha do Norte. Métodos de habitação e testemunhos específicos do local, como desenho, filme e gravação do local, identificam e agregam a linguagem fenomenal desses locais memoriais. Isto envolveu uma observação particular de presenças e ausências. O trabalho se refere a Michael Taussig em suas observações de que as gravações de campo, como desenhos, existem como “mais do que o resultado de ver”. Elas apresentam oportunidades para um tipo diferente de óptica. O conceito de óptica dialética do filósofo e crítico Walter Benjamin é explorado em como esses sites nos permitem “perceber o cotidiano como o impenetrável e o impenetrável como o cotidiano”. Imagens transitórias e mundanas foram investigadas como marcadores de contra-memorial e como evidência de mudanças de papéis, temporalidades e ecologias. A viagem, a abordagem do pesquisador de campo e a habitação temporária são consideradas parte da metodologia de trabalho de campo do projeto, tanto no sentido prático quanto temporal. O trabalho de campo desenvolveu uma compreensão conversacional do lugar, considerando as paisagens do passado, do presente e do futuro que ocupamos em relação uns aos outros. A intervenção do projeto especulativo aproveita a linguagem afetiva desenvolvida no trabalho de campo para propor uma reconfiguração da Piscina Waitara como um contra-memorial. A obra compreende uma série de provocações mnemônicas que detalham a perda, o vazio e a superação de limiares rituais. Estes apresentam encontros conversacionais e dialógicos. As imagens dessas superfícies e espaços derivam de habitações e atividades, em vez de contemplações isoladas. Eles são memoriais vividos. O corpo se torna uma força essencial dentro do local e faz com que o esquema funcione mais como uma paisagem memorial do que como uma série de obeliscos. Isto se relaciona mais com as ideologias não ocidentais de memorial, o indivíduo e a paisagem. O filósofo Dr. Carl Mika refere-se a este vínculo sendo “indivisível”, e que os Māori, por exemplo, estão conectados por meio de uma “impressão na paisagem”. Os movimentos conscientes e subconscientes posicionam o observador como um participante ativo, em vez de um observador distante. Tanto o corpo presente quanto o ausente são fundamentais para a composição formal e temática de cada encontro apresentado ao espectador. Cortes verticais e horizontais formam molduras e pisos habitados ou anulados pelo corpo. Pelas condições ecológicas, e à medida que as piscinas são utilizadas, esses cortes geram novas superfícies reflexivas e oferecem pontos de vista. Meu trabalho imagina maneiras de localizar memórias e histórias por meio da imersão em uma nova paisagem contra-memorial, apresentando oportunidades de habitar a memória atenuada.
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Bentley, Chris. "Vacancies and Attenuated Presences: A counter-memorial swimming pool for Waitara (Español)." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.163.g220.

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Los memoriales son testigos de historias, lugares y personas del pasado. Sus declaraciones se pueden sentir y escuchar si uno está en posición de oidor. Los memoriales son los progenitores de estas voces, que funcionan como marcadores locativos curiosos y controvertidos. Este documento informa acerca de una investigación guiada por la práctica sobre la piscina conmemorativa. Presenta estos espacios extraños y disyuntivos como contramemoriales, medios para métodos alternativos de recuerdo. El proyecto se desarrolló en dos etapas: un trabajo de campo documental y una intervención de diseño especulativo. El trabajo de campo consistió en expediciones a tres piscinas conmemorativas que se encuentran en Te Ika-a-Maui, la Isla Norte. Los métodos para habitar y presenciar sitios específicos, como el dibujo, la película y el registro del sitio, identifican y acrecientan el lenguaje fenomenal de estos sitios conmemorativos. Esto implicó la observación particular de presencias y ausencias. El trabajo hace referencia a Michael Taussig en sus observaciones de que las grabaciones de campo, así como los dibujos, existen como “más que el resultado de ver”, ya que presentan oportunidades para un tipo diferente de óptica. El concepto de óptica dialéctica del filósofo y crítico Walter Benjamin se explora en cómo estos sitios nos permiten “percibir lo cotidiano como impenetrable y lo impenetrable como cotidiano”. Las imágenes transitorias y mundanas se investigaron como marcadores contramemoriales y como evidencia de roles, temporalidades y ecologías cambiantes. Los viajes, el enfoque del trabajador de campo y la habitación temporal se consideran parte de la metodología de trabajo de campo del proyecto, tanto en el sentido práctico como temporal. El trabajo de campo desarrolló una comprensión conversacional del ugar, al considerar los paisajes pasados, presentes y futuros que ocupamos en relación unos con otros. La intervención de diseño especulativo aprovecha el lenguaje afectivo desarrollado en el trabajo de campo para proponer una reconfiguración de la piscina Waitara como contramemorial. La obra comprende una serie de provocaciones mnemotécnicas que detallan la pérdida, la desocupación y el traspaso de umbrales rituales. Estos presentan encuentros conversacionales y dialógicos. Las imágenes de estas superficies y espacios derivan de la habitación y de la actividad, más que de la contemplación desapegada. Son monumentos conmemorativos vividos. El cuerpo se convierte en una fuerza esencial dentro del sitio y hace que el esquema funcione más como un paisaje conmemorativo que como una serie de obeliscos. Esto se relaciona con las ideologías no occidentales del memorial, el individuo y el paisaje. El filósofo Dr. Carl Mika se refiere a que este vínculo es “indivisible”, y que, por ejemplo, los maoríes, están conectados a través de una “impresión en el paisaje”. Los movimientos conscientes y subconscientes posicionan al espectador como un participante activo más que como un observador distante. Tanto el cuerpo presente como el ausente son fundamentales para la composición formal y temática de cada encuentro presentado al espectador. Los cortes verticales y horizontales forman marcos y pisos que son habitados o anulados por el cuerpo. A través de condiciones ecológicas, y a medida que se utilizan las piscinas, estos cortes generan nuevas superficies reflectantes y ofrecen miradores. Mi trabajo imagina formas de localizar recuerdos e historias a través de la inmersión en un nuevo paisaje contramemorial, presentando oportunidades para habitar la memoria atenuada.
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Reports on the topic "Michael Carlow"

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Seybold, Patricia. An Open Letter to Carly Fiorina and Michael Capellas. Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/psgp9-7-01cc.

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Salas, Humberto. Medición de la confianza empresarial: un enfoque regional desde la Araucanía. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/975520193.

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Toloza et al. (2018) describen una dificultad contingente al indicar que en nuestro país no se cuenta con “información robusta” a nivel regional y sectorial para el uso de los distintos agentes económicos. El autor resalta la insuficiente información para la toma de decisiones a nivel territorial y señala que esta es una limitante y un desafío país, por lo que es necesaria la “creación de sistemas regionales integrados de información territorial” (p. 194) para estos fines. El problema anterior, sumado al dilema de comprender el mecanismo bajo el cual estos agentes (empresas, familias y gobierno) forman sus expectativas, representa uno de los desafíos más importantes de la macroeconomía moderna, fundamentalmente en lo que refiere a los ciclos de negocios. Esto, dado que la gran dificultad para estudiar este fenómeno con mayor nivel de desagregación se centra en la disponibilidad de información (Borraz y Gianelli, 2011). Considerando el carácter social que tiene la economía, su comportamiento se ve influenciado por las percepciones de los agentes económicos, respecto de los escenarios futuros. Estas percepciones guardan relación con la coyuntura económica, la política, el resto del mundo y el marco jurídico en un país, entre otros elementos. Es en este contexto en que los gobiernos y el sector privado deben alcanzar un consenso sobre políticas económicas y sociales que produzcan un entorno estable para las regiones (Después de la crisis, 2010). La experiencia internacional indica que una consolidación y un buen manejo de la política fiscal influye fuertemente en el corto plazo en el “sentimiento empresarial” (Michail, et al., 2018). Esta tesis la refuerzan Bachmann y Sims (2012), quienes plantean que una política económica orientada a la consolidación tiene un impacto potente en la economía, a través del canal de confianza empresarial, con efectos que no deben ser subestimados. Considerando que en la Araucanía este componente es importante, la política fiscal juega entonces un papel relevante en las expectativas del empresariado. Es así como en la región, las empresas, gremios, consumidores, comerciantes, agricultores e inversionistas poseen visiones relativas de lo que podría acontecer, considerando su experiencia y apreciaciones, que son muchas veces subjetivas. Se formulan así, período a período, supuestos sobre acontecimientos que buscan explicar escenarios futuros; a este proceso mental colectivo lo llamamos expectativas. No cabe duda de que estas determinan el comportamiento futuro del consumo, del ahorro y la inversión, e incluso de la orientación de la política pública, al impactar directamente en la actividad económica y, más importante, en la generación de empleo e ingresos de la fuerza de trabajo. En consecuencia la situación en la Araucanía no es difiere del problema de cómo los agentes económicos se forman expectativas y cómo logran interactuar con la estructura institucional de la economía, habiendo históricamente interés de los investigadores por incursionar en estas temáticas (Rosser, 2001). La utilización de indicadores que reflejan las expectativas de agentes económicos levantados por medio de encuestas es desarrollada en muchos países que cuentan con un sistema de estadísticas avanzado. Lanzilotta (2014) establece que los indicadores de este tipo son ampliamente utilizados en investigación aplicada, con el fin de capturar y anticipar los movimientos de numerosas variables, para así dar cuenta de la formación de expectativas y los planes de las empresas. El autor plantea que los indicadores de expectativas elaborados a partir tanto de encuestas a empresarios como a consumidores son ampliamente divulgados, principalmente con dos objetivos: explorar los mecanismos de formación de expectativas e identificar su poder predictivo. Es válido, entonces, examinar la forma en que las expectativas locales tienen efectos concretos para la comunidad y los mecanismos en que estas perspectivas afectan realmente el desempeño económico de un territorio. Es en este contexto que según lo expuesto por Salas (2018), la Facultad de Administración y Negocios de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile —con metodología de la Universidad del Desarrollo y el apoyo de la Multigremial de la Araucanía, representante de SOFOFA en la zona— ha aunado esfuerzos para medir la confianza empresarial en la región, desde junio de 2017, creando así el primer Índice de Confianza Empresarial de la Araucanía (ICE Araucanía). Esta iniciativa es relevante, considerando la escasa información para la toma de decisiones del empresariado local en la zona y que la disposición de esta permite a los distintos sectores competir en entornos cambiantes. Así se busca contribuir y hacernos cargo en parte de un problema general que dejó la última crisis económica mundial. Esta manifestó la debilidad de América Latina y de las regiones para competir en una economía global y compleja, debido a la poca información disponible para la toma de decisiones empresariales (Después de la crisis, 2010).
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