Academic literature on the topic 'Michael A E Contributions in philosophy of language'
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Journal articles on the topic "Michael A E Contributions in philosophy of language"
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Rodrigues Lima de Almeida, João José, Antonio Miguel, Carolina Tamayo, and Elizabeth Gomes Souza. "Quid Est Ergo Rationalitas? Review of Michael Peters’ Wittgenstein, Education and the Problem of Rationality." Revista Internacional de Pesquisa em Educação Matemática 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37001/ripem.v12i2.2821.
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This analysis of Michael Peters’ recent book, “Wittgenstein, Education and the Problem of Rationality”, was carried out through a conversation between four characters: Oninitibeci, Iniwataale, Iniwatadigini, and Gobaagadi. Their names correspond, respectively, to the numerals one, two, three and four (“our hand”) in the Kadiweu language, spoken by an indigenous group from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Brazil. The main points, aroused by a collective reading of the book, are spontaneously distributed throughout the conversation as a result of the exchange of views among the partakers. They all have practice in mathematics teaching, or philosophy, and frequently discuss educational issues in the light of Wittgenstein’s texts. It is from this perspective that they raised a number of critical points within Peters’ work. However, it is never too much to remember that the characters maintain ideas independent from each other, so not only they sometimes differ in their evaluations but can also disagree on certain aspects of their readings. The point is that from the heat generated by the dialogical activity springs the conclusion of the importance of Peters’ book and its decisive contribution to decolonial discussions about Wittgenstein and his role in the philosophy of education.
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Kotin, Igor Yu, and Ekaterina D. Aloyants. "Century of Indology at the University of Hamburg." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.106.
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The article is devoted to the development of Indology at the University of Hamburg and analyzes the contribution of Hamburg Indologists to the study of ancient and medieval India and the study of modern languages and literature of India in the discipline’s development in the sister city of St. Petersburg. The authors note that the development of Indology has a long history in Germany and the uniqueness of the Hamburg school is observed. Germany had more than forty Indology departments in the 19th century, much more than Great Britain then had. The teaching of Indian languages in Hamburg began in 1914 in the classrooms of the university’s predecessor, the Hamburg Colonial Institute founded in 1908 and dissolved in 1919, soon after World War I. The University of Hamburg started as new and progressive institution of education in Weimar Germany, and continued for the next hundred years, where the teaching of Sanskrit, studying ancient medieval monuments of Indian literature, philosophy, and religious texts reached a global level thanks to outstanding Indologists, such as Walter Schubring, Ludwig Alsdorf, Albrecht Welzer, and Lambert Schmithausen. The article also considers the contribution to the development of Indology in Hamburg by current Professors Eva Wilden, Michael Zimmermann, Harunaga Isaacson et al. Thanks to the activities of these professors and their colleagues from Russia and India such as Tatiana Iosifovna and Ram Prasad Bhatta, the study and teaching of the languages and cultures of India within the framework of the Center for Culture and History of India and Tibet of the Institute of Asia and Africa now includes the study of Tamil language and literature as well as North Indian languages and literature.
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Gupta, Sanjukta. "Bühnemann, Gudrun, Maṇḍalas and Yantras in the Hindu Tradition with Contributions by Hélène Brunner, Michel W. Meister, André Padoux, Marion Rastelli, and J. Törzsok." Indo-Iranian Journal 50, no. 3 (September 2007): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10783-008-9065-2.
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Le Blanc, Charles. "The Huainanzi: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China. By Liu An, King of Huainan. Translated and Edited by John S. Major, Sarah A. Queen, Andrew Seth Meyer, and Harold Roth, with Additional Contributions by Michael Puett and Judson B. Murray. New York: Columbia University Press (Translations from the Classics), 2010, 988 p." T’oung Pao 99, no. 4-5 (2013): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-9945p0010.
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Fitzgerald, Gareth. "Michael Devitt, Ignorance of Language." Minds and Machines 19, no. 3 (April 10, 2009): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11023-009-9144-8.
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Wansing, Heinrich, Grigory Olkhovikov, and Hitoshi Omori. "Questions to Michael Dunn." Logical Investigations 27, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2021-27-1-9-19.
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We present nine questions related to the concept of negation and, in passing, we refer to connections with the essays in this special issue. The questions were submitted to one of the most eminent logicians who contributed to the theory of negation, Prof. (Jon) Michael Dunn, but, unfortunately, Prof. Dunn was no longer able to answer them. Michael Dunn passed away on 5 April 2021, and the present special issue of Logical Investigations is dedicated to his memory. The questions concern (i) negation-related topics that have particularly interested Michael Dunn or to which he has made important contributions, (ii) some controversial aspects of the logical analysis of the concept of negation, or (iii) simply properties of negation in which we are especially interested. Though sadly and regrettably unanswered by the distinguished scholar who intended to reply, the questions remain and might stimulate answers by other logicians and further research.
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Mertz, Donald. "The Seas of Language. By Michael Dummett." Modern Schoolman 73, no. 2 (1996): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/schoolman199673214.
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Madigan, Patrick. "Ignorance of Language. By Michael Devitt." Heythrop Journal 50, no. 3 (May 2009): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2009.00484_41.x.
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Macpherson, Wayne Gordon, and James C. Lockhart. "Understanding the erosion of US competitiveness." Journal of Management History 23, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-03-2017-0012.
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Purpose For the past three decades, the dominant economic policy environment across the Anglosphere has assumed that industrial performance results from increasing national competitiveness. The US Government and others have extensively used the tools of deregulation that emerged from the influential frameworks of Michael Porter and the Chicago School. That both the contributing analysis and attendant policy environment largely neglected the very source of national disadvantage, mostly Japanese industry in the 1970s and 1980s, remains surprising. What was going on in Japan at the time, and to some extent continues today, remains largely hidden. The aim of this paper is to expose one source of Japan’s influential competitive advantage – the human resource. Design/methodology/approach This paper, through the translation of a Japanese-language paper by Professor Emeritus Masaki Saruta, introduces the Japanese phenomenon of managed education in Aichi Prefecture, home of the Toyota Motor Corporation, and provides insight into the lifestyles of the Japanese workers who live and work in corporate castle towns that feed Toyota. Inductive content analysis was used to identify four themes that can be identified as the strategies used to produce a homogenous pool of labor that sustains the Toyota Way philosophy and Toyota Production System. Findings The content analysis identified four major themes: Toyota’s abnormal level of influence over local government, a unique education system of education management, a closed labor market and the homogeneity of labor. It is only now that business leaders in the Anglosphere are able to comprehend the vastness and depth of inculcation and nurturing policies of Toyota and other Japanese industrial giants – something business leaders in the Anglosphere today can only dream. It now becomes evident that Chandler’s visible hand remains alive and well, but critical drivers of its success in Japan and Toyota were largely invisible to the West. Research limitations/implications The research required the knowledge of one of Saruta’s works that is only published in Japanese, and therefore, inaccessible to researchers in the Anglosphere. The translation process and development of themes is reported in detail. The findings are then located in the broad context of national competitive advantage. Practical implications With the insight presented in this paper, business and government leaders may now be empowered to implement policies and practices to nurture a pool of labor more conducive with the organizational strategic policy. While leaders in the Anglosphere are able to implement policy, there also remains a new threat to economic sovereignty – the nurturing of human resources in the dormitories, refectories and shopping malls of industrial China. Social implications The development of a company-focused workforce to support corporate castle towns, one of the sources of national advantage, has been identified in this paper. The social implications are twofold. First, in Japan, the nature and influence of these towns are accepted and heralded by the community. Second, outside of Japan, and especially across the Anglosphere, these towns are a major source of competitive advantage. Originality/value Through the translation of original research published in the Japanese-language medium, this research provides otherwise inaccessible insight into the inner workings and effectively the “black box” of what was Japan Inc. in an era when business people in the West were playing catchup. As the debate on globalization extends to sovereignty across the Anglosphere, it is beholden on the academic community to provide effective solutions for industrial competitiveness.
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Gilbert, Michael. "Emotive Language in Argumentation." Informal Logic 34, no. 3 (September 16, 2014): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v34i3.4206.
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Book Review
Emotive Language in Argumentation
by Fabrizio Macagno and Douglas Walton
New York: Cambridge UP. 9781107676657 (pbk.).
Review by MICHAEL A. GILBERT
Department of Philosophy
York University
4700 Keele St,
Toronto, ON M3J 1P3
gilbert@yorku.ca
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Michael A E Contributions in philosophy of language"
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Cogburn, Jon M. "Slouching towards Vienna : Michael Dummett and the epistemology of language /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488191124568893.
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Lugtig, Joan F. (Joan Frances). "Philosophy, history, language and education : the hermeneutic epistemology underlying scientific linguistics." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23854.
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This thesis attempts to clarify a particular epistemological problem which surfaces in Chomsky's attempt to attain an objective psychological distance from the language used in his scientific theorizing, in taking language as an epistemological object. This is accomplished by examining the presumed objectivity underlying the theoretical basis of Chomskyan linguistics in its hermeneutical relation to the theories of language advocated by Quine, Wittgenstein, and other philosophers.The thesis begins by situating the "metalanguage" in which the argumentation between Chomsky and Quine takes place in the Western philosophical tradition. It continues by outlining an historic-hermeneutic link between classical philosophy, early modernism and some twentieth century philosophies of language, most particularly those articulated by Wittgenstein in his two major works. Finally, the thesis concludes by identifying the hermeneutical nature of the philosophical discourse from which Chomsky's linguistics gains its epistemological force.
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Mesbah, Ali. "Religion, rationality, and language : a critical analysis of Jürgen Habermas' theory of communicative action." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82933.
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Jurgen Habermas is a second-generation social philosopher of the Frankfurt school, the birthplace of critical theory. He suggests that modernity is a project of substituting rationality for religion. In his analysis, such a succession is the result of a process of social evolution, in which each developmental stage has its basic concepts and modes of understanding subjective, objective, and social worlds. For him, the salient feature of rationality consists of differentiation between various validity claims of truth, truthfulness, and sincerity which are indistinguishable in religious language. The rationalization of religion, hence, progresses in terms of a differentiation between validity claims, a decentration of human understanding, the disenchantment of the world, and the linguistification of the sacred. Habermas proposes a universal pragmatics in which two modes of language use are separated: instrumental-strategic, and communicative. He thinks that the failure of the enlightenment movement to replace religion with reason stems from its preoccupation with instrumental reason and language use, dispensing with communicative rationality; and the remedy lies in communicative rationality.Critically analyzing Habermas' theory of communicative action, this study examines Habermas' basic idea of substituting communicative rationality for religion in the light of his critique of Max Weber and of instrumental reason. Ontological, epistemological, methodological, and conceptual presuppositions in his argument are discussed and evaluated.
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Johnston, David. "J.L. Austin on truth and meaning." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70292.
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The thesis presents a development of J. L. Austin's analysis of truth and its accompanying analysis of sentence structure. This involves a discussion and refinement of Austin's notions of the demonstrative and descriptive conventions of language and of the demonstrative and descriptive devices of sentences. The main point of the thesis is that ordinary language must be treated as an historical phenomenon: one that has evolved its more complex features through a long series of variations upon a small number of rudimentary conventions and locutions. The utility of Austin's analysis is shown to lie in the description that it provides of the functions of these rudimentary conventions and locutions. The analysis is used to illuminate a number of problematic sentences and expressions of ordinary language, including identity sentences, definite descriptions, existential sentences, and conditionals.
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Cregan, Anne Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Weaving the semantic web: Contributions and insights." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42605.
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The semantic web aims to make the meaning of data on the web explicit and machine processable. Harking back to Leibniz in its vision, it imagines a world of interlinked information that computers `understand' and `know' how to process based on its meaning. Spearheaded by the World Wide Web Consortium, ontology languages OWL and RDF form the core of the current technical offerings. RDF has successfully enabled the construction of virtually unlimited webs of data, whilst OWL gives the ability to express complex relationships between RDF data triples. However, the formal semantics of these languages limit themselves to that aspect of meaning that can be captured by mechanical inference rules, leaving many open questions as to other aspects of meaning and how they might be made machine processable. The Semantic Web has faced a number of problems that are addressed by the included publications. Its germination within academia, and logical semantics has seen it struggle to become familiar, accessible and implementable for the general IT population, so an overview of semantic technologies is provided. Faced with competing `semantic' languages, such as the ISO's Topic Map standards, a method for building ISO-compliant Topic Maps in the OWL DL language has been provided, enabling them to take advantage of the more mature OWL language and tools. Supplementation with rules is needed to deal with many real-world scenarios and this is explored as a practical exercise. The available syntaxes for OWL have hindered domain experts in ontology building, so a natural language syntax for OWL designed for use by non-logicians is offered and compared with similar offerings. In recent years, proliferation of ontologies has resulted in far more than are needed in any given domain space, so a mechanism is proposed to facilitate the reuse of existing ontologies by giving contextual information and leveraging social factors to encourage wider adoption of common ontologies and achieve interoperability. Lastly, the question of meaning is addressed in relation to the need to define one's terms and to ground one's symbols by anchoring them effectively, ultimately providing the foundation for evolving a `Pragmatic Web' of action.
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Garcia, i. Castanyer Maria Teresa. "Théorie de la science et linguistique: contributions épistémologiques à l'étude de la construction FAIRE + Infinitif." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673500.
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Les résultats obtenus avec notre thése de licence nous avaient encouragé à poursuivre le travail dans le domaine de la philosophie de la Science et à analyser la linguistique française contemporaine en suivant les paramétres de celle-là. La tâche est devenue, très vite, irréalisable dans sa totalité. Nous savons maintenant qu'un macro-programme d'investigation historiographique et scientifique à la fois exige le travail d'une équipe ou même de plusieurs équipes de scientifiques.
D'ailleurs, les deux domaines, la philosophie de la Science et la linguistique contemporaine, nous montraient une grande complexité et ils la présentent toujours des qu'on essaye d'en faire un tour d'horizon: plusieurs écoles, de nombreux individus, des idéologies múltiples, des pratiques scientifiques trop divergentes, des points d'intérêt et des conceptions sur leur objet d'étude d'une
étendue inconmensurable.
II fallait commencer done par restreindre, pour la réalisation d'une thése de doctorat, le domaine d'étude á une problématique de la linguistique contemporaine, á la fois scientifique et épistémologique, á partir de laquelle nous puissions faire un tour d'horizon des modèles d'explication et de description les plus productifs et représentatifs de la recherche de nos jours en linguistique française. De toutes manieres, la problématique choisie nous en faisait la sélection...
Aprés avoir discuté et parlé de nos inquiétudes avec José Deulofeu en 1986, nous avons choisi la construction causative [FAIRE + Infinitif] comme problématique de la linguistique française á étudier d'un point de vue épistémologique. La littérature scientifique sur cette construction syntaxique semblait étre riche et variée. II s'agissait, en outre, d'une question dont différentes théories et méthodologies fournissaient de nombreuses explications ou descriptions depuis les années 70.
En juillet 1986 nous avons commencé notre étude sur l'Approche Pronominale et sur la construction causative [FAIRE + Infinitif] décrite selon cette méthodologie.
Nous avons travaillé dans deux domaines; d'une part en philosophie de la Science ou épistémologie, d'autre part en linguistique française. Et dans ce dernier domaine notre attention a été dirigée vers les constructions causatives du français contemporain formées avec un «semi-auxiliaire» modal et un verbe recteur á l'infinitif.
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Kilpert, Diana Mary. "Language and value : the place of evaluation in linguistic theory." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002635.
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It is a central claim of modern linguistic theory that linguists do not prescribe, but describe language as it is, without pronouncing on correctness or judging one variety better than another. This attempt to exclude evaluation is motivated by a desire to be ' politically correct', which hinders objective analysis of language, and by an ill-advised imitation of the natural sciences, which obstructs the discipline's progress towards becoming a science in its own right. It involves linguists, as users of a valued variety, in self-deception and disingenuousness, distances them from the concerns of the ordinary language user, and betrays a failure to understand the involvement of social values in language, the nature of language itself, and the limits of linguistic science. On a wider scale, linguistics reflects society's devaluing and mechanisation of language. Despite growing concern expressed in the literature, and the incoherence that becomes apparent when linguists attempt to address social problems using a theory that regards language as an autonomous object, newcomers to the discipline continue to be taught that anti-prescriptivism is the natural corollary of a scientific approach to language. This thesis suggests that the way out of these difficulties is to rethink the meaning of ' theory' in linguistics. If we take the reflexivity of language seriously, building on M.A.K. Halliday's notion of 'linguistics as metaphor', we are reminded that a linguistic theory is made of language. Metalanguage must use the experiential and interpersonal meaning-making resources of everyday language. It follows that a linguistic theory cannot escape being evaluative, because evaluation is an inherent part of interpersonal meaning. If we fail to notice our own metalinguistic evaluation, this is because language disguises its evaluative meanings, or perhaps we are just not used to thinking of them as part of the grammar. To achieve clarity about the involvement of value in language, we need to turn our metalanguage back on itself - 'using the grammar to think with about the grammar' . Some ways of doing this are demonstrated here, turning the resources of systemic functional linguistics on linguists' own language. The circularity of this process should be seen not as a drawback but as a salutary reminder that linguistics is an interpretive rather than a discovery process. This knowledge should help us revalue language and make a place for evaluation in linguistic theory, paving the way for a socially responsible and productive linguistics.
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Billinge, Daniel. "Full-bloodedness, modesty and minimalist truth." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9032.
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This thesis discusses the central ideas that surround Michael Dummett's claim that there is an incompatibility between a truth-conditional conception of meaning and a minimalist conception of truth. These ideas are brought into relation to the work of John McDowell and Donald Davidson, as all three philosophers can be better understood by locating them within Dummett's dialectic regarding the incompatibility. Dummett's argument crucially depends upon the assumption that a meaning-theory should be full-blooded in nature, against McDowell's insistence that a meaning-theory can only ever be modest. The main contention of this thesis is that neither Dummett nor McDowell is successful in establishing their strong contentions regarding the form that a meaning-theory should take. McDowell only wants to provide trivial answers to questions about the constitutive nature of the meanings and competency of particular items in a language. Dummett, on the other hand, wants to provide a reductive account of the central concepts that concern the philosophy of language. What this thesis will argue is that once both of these claims have been rejected, the position Dummett and McDowell jointly dictate is in fact the position that we should read Davidson as occupying, who lies in a conceptual space between the extremes of maximal full-bloodedness and modesty. This is an understanding of Davidson that is contrary to how McDowell reads him, who has been an influential commentator of Davidson. How Davidson should actually be interpreted is achieved by understanding how he has the resources to avoid Dummett's claim of an incompatibility between a truth-conditional conception of meaning and a minimalist conception of truth.
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Fromm, Wikström Linda. "Gud och vardagsspråket : En religionsfilosofisk förutsättningsanalys." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska fakulteten, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122168.
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The main purpose of this dissertation is to answer the question of how one can understand the fact that we mean very different things when we say that God exists and when we say that chairs, mountains and trees exist, and that it is still a matter of existence. On the one hand it seems that we talk about the same thing when we say that something exists, irrespective of what it is, on the other hand it seems to be a question of very different things depending on what it is we are talking about as existing. This dissertation seeks to give an understanding of the relation between the concept of truth and the concept of reality. The conclusion is not only that we presuppose these concepts in everything we do, say, believe and think, but that we presuppose a specific understanding of these concepts, namely a concept of objective truth and a concept of an external and mind independent reality. In this dissertation it is also argued that our use of these concepts and that we use them in everything we do – that they are as basic as they are – says something about how it is, about reality. The use of these concepts does not only say something of what we conceptually presuppose but it also says something about what we assume in relation to reality. The conceptual aspect, in this way, has consequences ontologi.
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Grundy, Peter C. "D Z Phillips and the Wittgensteinian grammar of 'God is love'." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150525.
Full textBooks on the topic "Michael A E Contributions in philosophy of language"
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Brian, McGuinness, Oliveri Gianluigi, and International Philosophy Conference of Mussomeli (1st : 1991), eds. The Philosophy of Michael Dummett. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.
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Locke's philosophy of language. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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Ott, Walter R. Locke's philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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Piparo, Franco Lo. Aristotele e il linguaggio: Cosa fa di una lingua una lingua. Roma [etc.]: GLF editori Laterza, 2003.
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Thomas, Bonk, ed. Language, truth, and knowledge: Contributions to the philosophy of Rudolf Carnap. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
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Ponzio, Augusto. Rossi-Landi e la filosofia del linguaggio. Bari: Adriatica, 1988.
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Stenlund, Sören. Filosofiska uppsatser. Skellefteå: Norma, 2000.
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Vigni, Fiorinda Li. La comunanza della ragione: Hegel e el linguaggio. Milano: Guerini, 1997.
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Garver, Newton. Derrida & Wittgenstein. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994.
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Gardini, Michele. Derrida e gli atti linguistici: Oltre la polemica con Searle. Bologna: CLUEB, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Michael A E Contributions in philosophy of language"
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Davidson, Donald. "The Social Aspect of Language." In The Philosophy of Michael Dummett, 1–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8336-7_1.
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Pears, David. "Philosophical Theorizing and Particularism: Michael Dummett on Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy of Language." In The Philosophy of Michael Dummett, 45–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8336-7_3.
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Donohue, Christopher. "“A Mountain of Nonsense”? Czech and Slovenian Receptions of Materialism and Vitalism from c. 1860s to the First World War." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_5.
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AbstractIn general, historians of science and historians of ideas do not focus on critical appraisals of scientific ideas such as vitalism and materialism from Catholic intellectuals in eastern and southeastern Europe, nor is there much comparative work available on how significant European ideas in the life sciences such as materialism and vitalism were understood and received outside of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. Insofar as such treatments are available, they focus on the contributions of nineteenth century vitalism and materialism to later twentieth ideologies, as well as trace the interactions of vitalism and various intersections with the development of genetics and evolutionary biology see Mosse (The culture of Western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Westview Press, Boulder, 1988, Toward the final solution: a history of European racism. Howard Fertig Publisher, New York, 1978; Turda et al., Crafting humans: from genesis to eugenics and beyond. V&R Unipress, Goettingen, 2013). English and American eugenicists (such as William Caleb Saleeby), and scores of others underscored the importance of vitalism to the future science of “eugenics” (Saleeby, The progress of eugenics. Cassell, New York, 1914). Little has been written on materialism qua materialism or vitalism qua vitalism in eastern Europe.The Czech and Slovene cases are interesting for comparison insofar as both had national awakenings in the middle of the nineteenth century which were linguistic and scientific, while also being religious in nature (on the Czech case see David, Realism, tolerance, and liberalism in the Czech National awakening: legacies of the Bohemian reformation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2010; on the Slovene case see Kann and David, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918. University of Washington Press, Washington, 2010). In the case of many Catholic writers writing in Moravia, there are not only slight noticeable differences in word-choice and construction but a greater influence of scholastic Latin, all the more so in the works of nineteenth century Czech priests and bishops.In this case, German, Latin and literary Czech coexisted in the same texts. Thus, the presence of these three languages throws caution on the work on the work of Michael Gordin, who argues that scientific language went from Latin to German to vernacular. In Czech, Slovenian and Croatian cases, all three coexisted quite happily until the First World War, with the decades from the 1840s to the 1880s being particularly suited to linguistic flexibility, where oftentimes writers would put in parentheses a Latin or German word to make the meaning clear to the audience. Note however that these multiple paraphrases were often polemical in the case of discussions of materialism and vitalism.In Slovenia Čas (Time or The Times) ran from 1907 to 1942, running under the muscular editorship of Fr. Aleš Ušeničnik (1868–1952) devoted hundreds of pages often penned by Ušeničnik himself or his close collaborators to wide-ranging discussions of vitalism, materialism and its implied social and societal consequences. Like their Czech counterparts Fr. Matěj Procházka (1811–1889) and Fr. Antonín LenzMaterialismMechanismDynamism (1829–1901), materialism was often conjoined with "pantheism" and immorality. In both the Czech and the Slovene cases, materialism was viewed as a deep theological problem, as it made the Catholic account of the transformation of the Eucharistic sacrifice into the real presence untenable. In the Czech case, materialism was often conjoined with “bestiality” (bestialnost) and radical politics, especially agrarianism, while in the case of Ušeničnik and Slovene writers, materialism was conjoined with “parliamentarianism” and “democracy.” There is too an unexamined dialogue on vitalism, materialism and pan-Slavism which needs to be explored.Writing in 1914 in a review of O bistvu življenja (Concerning the essence of life) by the controversial Croatian biologist Boris Zarnik) Ušeničnik underscored that vitalism was an speculative outlook because it left the field of positive science and entered the speculative realm of philosophy. Ušeničnik writes that it was “Too bad” that Zarnik “tackles” the question of vitalism, as his zoological opinions are interesting but his philosophy was not “successful”. Ušeničnik concluded that vitalism was a rather old idea, which belonged more to the realm of philosophy and Thomistic theology then biology. It nonetheless seemed to provide a solution for the particular characteristics of life, especially its individuality. It was certainly preferable to all the dangers that materialism presented. Likewise in the Czech case, Emmanuel Radl (1873–1942) spent much of his life extolling the virtues of vitalism, up until his death in home confinement during the Nazi Protectorate. Vitalism too became bound up in the late nineteenth century rediscovery of early modern philosophy, which became an essential part of the development of new scientific consciousness and linguistic awareness right before the First World War in the Czech lands. Thus, by comparing the reception of these ideas together in two countries separated by ‘nationality’ but bounded by religion and active engagement with French and German ideas (especially Driesch), we can reconstruct not only receptions of vitalism and materialism, but articulate their political and theological valances.
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Fulford, Bill. "Theory First: An Introduction to Part II, Theory." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 53–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_6.
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AbstractPart II of this book illustrates the importance of cultural values in enriching the philosophical theory underpinning values-based mental health care. Building on the origins of values-based practice in ordinary language philosophy (see Chap. 1), the contributions of a culturally enriched theory to practice are illustrated by the roles, respectively, of aesthetics (Chap. 7), phenomenology (Chaps. 8 and 9), African philosophy (Chaps. 10 and 11) and feminist philosophy (Chap. 12). Chapters 13 and 14 in contrast illustrate how practice may also inform theory. They explore through a series of narrative examples, the boundary of the concept of mental disorder as represented by the contested relationship between spiritual/religious experiences and psychopathology. The selection of topics presented in this Part is representative, though far from exhaustive, of the scope for two-way engagement between culturally enriched philosophical theory and mental health practice.
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Scioli, Anthony. "The Psychology of Hope: A Diagnostic and Prescriptive Account." In Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Hope, 137–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46489-9_8.
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Abstract In this chapter, I review psychology’s contributions to the study of hope. To close potential gaps in this interdisciplinary volume, I include work in psychiatry and nursing. The nearly 400-year history of psychological reflections on hope reveals extended stretches of neglect, alternating with brief flashes of interest. Shifting scientific paradigms are partly to blame. However, I suggest that the greatest challenge for investigators seeking scientific consensus on the topic may be cultural and sociopolitical. I begin with a review of the most significant writings and research on hope, dating back to the seventeenth century. I examine goal-related approaches in greater depth, due to their strong influence on the field of psychology. The latter half of this chapter is more critical and prescriptive. For a deeper commentary, I rely on Markus’s (Meas Interdisciplinary Res Perspect 6:54–77, 2008) distinction between constructs and concepts as well as Danziger’s (Naming the mind: How psychology found its language. Sage Publications, 1997) observation on how psychology found its lexicon. This middle, diagnostic section includes a review of philosophy of science criteria for evaluating theories. I transition to general prescriptions for achieving a better understanding of hope, organized around Bacon’s “four idols” of the mind, and add specific suggestions for future research. I conclude with a summary of recent work within our hope lab.
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Janssen-Lauret, Frederique. "Introduction." In Quine, Structure, and Ontology, 1–6. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864288.003.0001.
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This introduction discusses the development of Quine’s system over time and the centrality of structure to it. It explains the contributions made in this volume to our understanding of Quine’s thought on structure and ontology, especially with respect to philosophical logic, philosophy of language, history of philosophy, mathematics, philosophy of time, and set theory. Chapters by Michael Resnik, Frederique Janssen-Lauret and Fraser MacBride, John Collins, Jaroslav Peregrin, and Paul Gregory explore whether Quine’s structuralism is epistemological, language-based, or ontological. Greg Frost-Arnold, Robert Sinclair, and Gary Kemp and Andrew Lugg explore Quine’s views on structure from a historical point of view. Nathan Salmón, Gila Sher, Marianna Antonutti Marfori, and Natalja Deng consider Quine’s views on the structure of logic, language, and theories in relation to contemporary philosophy, specifically ontology, the philosophy of logic and mathematics, philosophy of set theory, and philosophy of time.
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Gilbert, Margaret. "Conclusion." In Life in Groups, 302–16. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847157.003.0015.
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Abstract This discussion addresses a number of topics relating to the author’s perspective on our life in groups and, in particular, our collective psychology as this is understood in everyday life. It first compares the author’s account of collective intentions with that of Michael Bratman from the point of view of “creature construction,” estimating that creatures endowed with collective intentions according to the author’s account would be more efficient in carrying out tasks requiring the contributions of two or more of them. Turning to collective emotions, it distinguishes collective emotions on the author’s account from otherconsequential emotion-related aspects of life in groups, including “feeling-rules”, which may be directed to both individuals and groups. It makes a related point about beliefs, alluding in particular to pluralistic ignorance, which related collective beliefs as those are understood by the author would be apt to explain. It goes on to spotlight the idea that conversation—a central component of life in groups—is a context for collective-belief formation, linking this point to classic positions in the philosophy of language of David Lewis and Robert Stalnaker. Next it turns to collective moral responsibility and responds to some critical comments on the author’s account of this. Finally, it briefly explores the relationship of joint commitment thinking to moral thinking, arguing in relation to some suggestions from Michael Tomasello that though joint commitment thinking may be an important prompt for moral thinking, it should be distinguished from it.
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Stawarska, Beata. "Contributions to linguistic phenomenology: Hegel, Husserl, Merleau-Ponty." In Saussure's Philosophy of Language as Phenomenology, 154–90. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190213022.003.0007.
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Soames, Scott. "Rigid Designation, Direct Reference, and Indexicality." In Philosophy of Language. Princeton University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691138664.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the contributions of Saul Kripke and David Kaplan, which are leading elements of a body of work that changed the course of analytic philosophy. It first deals with the views of Kripke. The necessity featured in Naming and Necessity is the nonlinguistic notion needed for quantified modal logic and the modal de re. Kripke's articulation of this notion is linked to his discussion of rigid designation, and metaphysical essentialism. The remainder of the chapter deals with Kaplan, focusing on the tension between logic and semantics; the basic structure of the logic of demonstratives; direct reference and rigid designation; and English demonstratives vs. “dthat”-rigidified descriptions.
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Antony, Louise. "Is There a “Feminist” Philosophy of Language?" In Out from the ShadowsAnalytical Feminist Contributions to Traditional Philosophy, 245–86. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199855469.003.0011.
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