Journal articles on the topic 'Mice as laboratory animals Fertility'
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1
Hardy, C. M., J. F. M. ten Have, K. J. Mobbs, and L. A. Hinds. "Assessment of the immunocontraceptive effect of a zona pellucida 3 peptide antigen in wild mice." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 14, no. 3 (2002): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd01112.
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Immunizing laboratory mice against a short peptide to mouse zona pellucida protein 3 (mZP3; amino acids 328-342) reduces fertility in some strains. This antigen was therefore tested to see if it is suitable for use in an immunocontraceptive vaccine to control wild mice. Mouse zona pellucida protein 3 peptide conjugated to a carrier protein (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) was considerably more immunogenic and effective in reducing fertility in wild mice when compared with inbred BALB/c mice. Fertility of the immunized wild mice was reduced by over 50% compared with controls, whereas BALB/c mice showed no reduction. Variation in the responses between individual animals to mZP3 peptide was observed and infertility correlated to the presence of cross-reacting antibodies to native zona pellucida in wild, but not BALB/c, mice.
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Gavora, J. S., B. Benkel, H. Sasada, W. J. Cantwell, P. Fiser, R. M. Teather, J. Nagai, and M. P. Sabour. "An attempt at sperm-mediated gene transfer in mice and chickens." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-037.
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Experiments were carried out to transform laboratory mice and domestic chickens by use of sperm incubated with bacterial plasmid DNA. Following demonstration of "uptake" of such DNA by sperm of both species, attempts were made to replicate a previously published procedure (Lavitrano et al. 1989, Cell 57: 717–723) for producing transgenic mice through in vitro fertilization (IVF). Also, female mice and hens were inseminated (AI) with sperm which had been incubated in a DNA solution. Such incubation did not influence the fertility or hatchability of the hens' eggs. However, no transformed progeny were detected among 45 mice produced by IVF or among 69 mice and 470 chickens produced by AI. Key words: Sperm-mediated DNA transfer, mice, chickens
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Sitasiwi, Agung Janika, Sri Isdadiyanto, and Siti Muflichatun Mardiati. "Pelacakan eskpresi protein pada testis mencit (Mus musculus) setelah paparan esktrak etanol daun mimba (Azadirachta indica)." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 37, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.43027.
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Abstract Azadirachta indica (Neem) has been shown to affect the fertility of mice by interfering with the synthesis of testosterone in mice. The aim of this study was to detect the testes protein expression of mice after exposure to the ethanolic Neem leaf extract. The laboratory animals of this study were 20 male Swiss Webster mice with three months in age and body weight ranging from 27.5 grams. The mice were divided into two treatment groups, namely K (control group, exposed with distilled water) and P (treatment group, exposed to etahnolic Neem leaf extract with 14 mg/animal /day). The treated were given for 21 days and the testicular protein was carried out on the 22nd day. The variables observed were testes weight, concentration and expression of proteins isolated from the testes. The protein concentration is determined by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 450nm. The protein expression was observed and determined based on the results of protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that protein expression in the treatment group has a lower concentration compared to the control group. Those results was confirmed by thinner bands in SDS-PAGE result. Those proteins thought to be a fertility determinant in mammals. Keywords : anti-fertility; Neem; protein expression Abstrak Azadirachta indica (Mimba) telah terbukti mempengaruhi fertilitas mencit dengan cara mengganggu sintesis hormon testoteron pada mencit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melacak ekspresi protein pada testis mencit setelah paparan ekstrak etanol daun Mimba. Hewan uji penelitian ini adalah 20 ekor mencit Swiss Webster jantan dengan umur tiga bulan dan bobot badan berkisar 27.5 gram. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu K (kelompok kontrol, dipapar akuades) dan P (kelompok perlakuan, dipapar dengan ekstrak etanol daun Mimba dengan dosis 14 mg/ekor/hari). Pemberian bahan uji dilakukan secara oral selama 21 hari. Variabel yang diamati adalah bobot testes, konsentrasi serta eskpresi protein yang diisolasi dari testis. Isolasi protein testis dilakukan pada hari ke-22. Konsentrasi protein ditentukan dengan spectrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 450nm. Ekspresi protein diamati dan ditentukan berdasar hasil elektroforesa protein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi protein pada kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan konsentrasi yang lebih rendah dengan pita yang lebih tipis jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah paparan ekstrak etanol daun Nimba menyebabkan gangguan ekspresi protein yang diduga berperan dalam menentukan fertilitas mamalia. Kata kunci : Mimba; anti-fertilitas; eskpresi protein;
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Hamad, Karim R. "Effect of Fenugreek Seeds in Maternal Diet on Some Features of Newborn Pups in Albino Mice." Polytechnic Journal 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v11n2y2021.pp42-47.
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Introduction: Fenugreek seeds have got interest of researchers for their positive effects on laboratory animals and human being, including their effects on reproductive system. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 5% raw fenugreek seed and its boiled aqueous extract containing diet on adult female mice, for 2 weeks before mating, to evaluate fertility, and some features of newborn pups. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 adult female mice randomly and equally were divided into three groups. Group I: Control, Group II: Female mice treated with 5% raw fenugreek seed containing diet, and Group III: Female mice treated with boiled aqueous extract of 5% fenugreek seed containing diet. The animals were treated daily for 2 weeks before mating. Some of them were mated with normal males, while the others were used for uterus study. The following parameters were evaluated: Fertility of adult female mice; body weight (BW); uterus weight; uterus sections; litter size; sex ratio; live and dead pups; and pup BW. Results: There was non-significant change in litter size and sex ratio; live and dead pups; adult female BW; and uterus weight. While wet and dry weight of pups, were significantly increased. Histological sections in uterus showed multilayering in endometrial glands of both the experimental groups. No differences were observed between fenugreek treated groups. Conclusion: Both forms of fenugreek seed (raw and aqueous extract) induced significant increase in pup weight; possibly are due to multilayering in endometrial glands of uterus.
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Vigueras-Villaseñor, Rosa María, Martín Alejandro Fuentes-Cano, Margarita Chávez Saldaña, Liliana Rivera Espinosa, Rafael Reynoso-Robles, Patricia Rojas, Pilar Durán, and Julio César Rojas-Castañeda. "Fetal and Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Modifies Maturation of Gonocytes to Spermatogonia in Mice." Analytical Cellular Pathology 2020 (December 15, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8892217.
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Studies in laboratory animals have shown that male offspring from dams, exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and postnatal periods, show alterations in fertility, although the origin of this is still uncertain. In this study, we examined in a mouse model if the process of gonocyte maturation to spermatogonia was affected in male offspring from dams with nicotine administration during pregnancy and postnatal periods. BALB/C mice, with and without nicotine administrations in pregnancy and postnatal periods, were studied. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 10, 16, and 35 days postpartum (dpp). Testicular tissue samples were processed for histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical studies; and testicular lipoperoxidation was determined. It was observed that in the nicotine-exposed animals, there was increased apoptosis and a reduction in the number of gonocytes that matured to spermatogonia. This gonocyte-spermatogonia maturation reduction was associated with a greater immunoreactivity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the germ cells. Lipoperoxidation was similar in both groups until 16 dpp, with significant reduction at 35 dpp. Our findings suggest that nicotine intake during pregnancy and postnatal periods can affect the process of maturation of gonocytes to spermatogonia and the pool of available spermatogonia for spermatogenesis.
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Tello, Javier A., Trudy Kohout, Rafael Pineda, Richard A. Maki, R. Scott Struthers, and Robert P. Millar. "Reproductive physiology of a humanized GnRH receptor mouse model: application in evaluation of human-specific analogs." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 305, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): E67—E77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00624.2012.
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The human GnRH receptor (GNRHR1) has a specific set of properties with physiological and pharmacological influences not appropriately modeled in laboratory animals or cell-based systems. To address this deficiency, we have generated human GNRHR1 knock-in mice and described their reproductive phenotype. Measurement of pituitary GNRHR1 transcripts from homozygous human GNRHR1 knock-in ( ki/ ki) mice revealed a severe reduction (7- to 8-fold) compared with the mouse Gnrhr1 in wild-type mice. 125I-GnRH binding assays on pituitary membrane fractions corroborated reduced human GNRHR1 protein expression in ki/ ki mice, as occurs with transfection of human GNRHR1 in cell lines. Female homozygous knock-in mice displayed normal pubertal onset, indicating that a large reduction in GNRHR1 expression is sufficient for this process. However, ki/ ki females exhibited periods of prolonged estrous and/or metestrous and reduced fertility. No impairment was found in reproductive maturity or adult fertility in male ki/ ki mice. Interestingly, the serum LH response to GnRH challenge was reduced in both knock-in males and females, indicating a reduced GNRHR1 signaling capacity. Small molecules targeting human GPCRs usually have poor activities at homologous rodent receptors, thus limiting their use in preclinical development. Therefore, we tested a human-specific GnRH1 antagonist, NBI-42902, in our mouse model and demonstrated abrogation of a GnRH1-induced serum LH rise in ki/ ki mice and an absence of effect in littermates expressing the wild-type murine receptor. This novel model provides the opportunity to study the human receptor in vivo and for screening the activity of human-specific GnRH analogs.
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I’tishom, Reny, Doddy M. Soebadi, Aucky Hinting, Hamdani Lunardhi, and Rina Yudiwati. "IN VITRO FERTILITY TEST OF HUMAN SPERMATOZOA MEMBRANE PROTEIN FERTILIN BETA ANTIBODY IN MICE (Mus musculus Balb/c) AS IMMUNOCONTRACEPTIVE CANDIDATE." Folia Medica Indonesiana 52, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v52i3.5453.
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One of the materials as potential candidates immunocontraception material is spermatozoa. Fertilin beta is spermatozoa membrane protein and is found only in mature spermatozoa and ejaculate, which serves as an adhesion molecule. Spermatozoa membrane protein that is used as an ingredient immunocontraception candidate, must have specific criteria that the specificity of spermatozoa, the role of antigen in the fertilization process, which includes the formation of immunogenicity sufficient antibody response has the potential to block fertilization. Antibodies against spermatozoa affect the stages before fertilization of the reproductive process and can hinder the development of the embryo after fertilization. Until now very little research data spermatozoa membrane protein as an ingredient immunocontraception are up to the test of experimental animals. The research objective is to prove the role of the resulting antibody induction of antibodies fertilin beta protein in the membrane of human spermatozoa induce agglutination and reduce motility thus reducing the number of in vitro fertilization. Research conducted at the IVF Laboratory, Department of Biology of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga. This research includes: Test the potential of antibody protein beta fertilin membrane of human spermatozoa and inhibit the role of antibodies in vitro fertilization in mice (Mus musculus Balb/c). In vitro studies have resulted in fertilization figure of 25% is smaller than the number that is equal to control fertilization of 58.7%, whereas previously the spermatozoa were incubated first with a beta membrane protein antibody fertilin human spermatozoa. While the percentage of inhibition of sperm to fertilize an oocyte by 33.75%. Potential imunokontraseptif considered effective if it decreased significantly (P <0.05) than the numbers fertilization in the treatment group compared with the control group. This shows fertilin beta membrane protein antibody has the ability to inhibit human spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes that reduce the number of fertilization.
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Zolotova, Natalia, Anna Kosyreva, Dzhuliia Dzhalilova, Nikolai Fokichev, and Olga Makarova. "Harmful effects of the microplastic pollution on animal health: a literature review." PeerJ 10 (June 14, 2022): e13503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13503.
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Background The environmental pollution by microplastics is a global problem arising from the extensive production and use of plastics. Small particles of different plastics, measured less than 5 mm in diameter, are found in water, air, soil, and various living organisms around the globe. Humans constantly inhale and ingest these particles. The associated health risks raise major concerns and require dedicated evaluation. Objectives In this review we systematize and summarize the effects of microplastics on the health of different animals. The article would be of interest to ecologists, experimental biologists, environmental physicians, and all those concerned with anthropogenic environmental changes. Methodology We searched PubMed and Scopus from the period of 01/2010 to 09/2021 for peer-reviewed scientific publications focused on (1) environmental pollution with microplastics; (2) uptake of microplastics by humans; and (3) the impact of microplastics on animal health. Results The number of published studies considering the effects of microplastic particles on aquatic organisms is considerable. In aquatic invertebrates, microplastics cause a decline in feeding behavior and fertility, slow down larval growth and development, increase oxygen consumption, and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. In fish, the microplastics may cause structural damage to the intestine, liver, gills, and brain, while affecting metabolic balance, behavior, and fertility; the degree of these harmful effects depends on the particle sizes and doses, as well as the exposure parameters. The corresponding data for terrestrial mammals are less abundant: only 30 papers found in PubMed and Scopus deal with the effects of microplastics in laboratory mice and rats; remarkably, about half of these papers were published in 2021, indicating the growing interest of the scientific community in this issue. The studies demonstrate that in mice and rats microplastics may also cause biochemical and structural damage with noticeable dysfunctions of the intestine, liver, and excretory and reproductive systems. Conclusions Microplastics pollute the seas and negatively affect the health of aquatic organisms. The data obtained in laboratory mice and rats suggest a profound negative influence of microplastics on human health. However, given significant variation in plastic types, particle sizes, doses, models, and modes of administration, the available experimental data are still fragmentary and controversial.
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Vazifedust, Soheil, Hadi E. G. Ghaleh, and Farshad N. Aslabani. "Evaluation of the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on the growth process of embryos from in vitro fertilization in laboratory mice treated with cyclophosphamide." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 125, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2022.125.2.9.
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"Cyclophosphamide is an anticancer drug that acts as an alkylating agent after metabolism in the liver. Despite its many clinical applications in cancer treatment, this drug has toxic effects on the body's organs, especially the genitals. One of the most critical side effects is a change in the function of the female reproductive system, which can lead to infertility. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of coenzyme Q10 on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in vitro fertilized embryos in mice. In this experimental study, 24 female mice weighing 25 g 4 groups of 6 were divided and treated for 21 days. The first group (control group), solvent (cyclophosphamide) including DMSO and PBS (0.1 ml intraperitoneally), the second group (sham group), cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg was injected as a single dose, and the third group (experimental group), along with single-dose cyclophosphamide, coenzyme Q10 at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally and the fourth group (positive control group), only coenzyme Q10 at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally. At the end of the treatment period, ovulation stimulation was performed using PMSG and HCG hormones. Six adult male mice were used to prepare normal sperm. The animals were facilitated after anesthesia. After extraction of regular eggs and sperm and fertilization in HTF + 4 mg BSA medium, the fertilized eggs were incubated for 120 hours, and the embryonic developmental stages were examined during this period. Were analyzed by ANOVA and comparison of ratios. Cyclophosphamide significantly reduced oocyte quality, fertilization rate, pre-implantation embryonic development, and embryo quality. Coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) significantly reduced the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide. The present study showed that crocin could protect the fertility of the female sex against damage caused by cyclophosphamide. "
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Shellam, GR. "The potential of murine cytomegalovirus as a viral vector for immunocontraception." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 3 (1994): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940401.
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Wild populations of house mice (Mus domesticus) regularly undergo population eruptions in the cereal growing regions of S.E. Australia, causing significant damage to crops. Rodenticides are costly and are of limited usefulness, and the need for a biological control agent is widely recognized. The options for the use of an infectious agent to control mouse populations are considered. The three main types are: infectious agents which establish lethal infection; those which directly interfere with fertility; and recombinant virus vectors encoding fertility-associated proteins such as zona pellucida or sperm antigens in order to induce immunocontraceptive responses in infected mice. Ectromelia, a murine pox virus, has the potential for reducing mouse populations by lethal infection but it is not present in wild mice in Australia. The disadvantages of using ectromelia are that it would pose a significant threat to colonies of laboratory mice, there appears to be substantial innate resistance in Australian wild mice and it may not be entirely mouse-specific, thus placing native rodents at risk. A number of factors influencing the selection of a virus as a vector for immunocontraception are discussed. The mouse-specific murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) fits most of these criteria. Infection with MCMV is already widespread in Australia with 80-90% of Mus domesticus tested being seropositive. It is a large DNA virus which establishes persistent, non-lethal infection, it is a suitable vector for the insertion of foreign genes and has a number of properties, including the capacity for superinfection, that should assist the recombinant virus to persist in wild mouse populations and induce an immunocontraceptive effect.
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Sawyer, DE, and RJ Aitken. "Male-mediated developmental defects and childhood disease." Reproductive Medicine Review 8, no. 2 (July 2000): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279900000211.
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Reproductive and developmental toxicology has existed, in some form, at least since the Middle Ages when women commonly used naturally derived abortifacients for birth control. Percival Pott was the first to observe that environmental exposures could detrimentally affect the male reproductive system. He noticed that chimney sweeps exposed to soot developed testicular cancer and infertility at unusually young ages. The formal investigation of male-mediated effects on offspring (germline mutagenesis) began with the pioneering studies of Muller, Hertwig, Snell, Brenneke, and others, who established X-rays as the first identified agent capable of inducing hereditary changes in mice. They showed that litters sired by irradiated males contained fewer pups than controls. Because sperm motility and density were not affected, but chromosome abnormalities were found in fertilized eggs, they concluded that irradiated sperm were the source of the abnormal chromosomes. Since that discovery, the mutagenic effects of radiation on the male germline have been studied extensively (see below). Later, Auerbach & Robson and Bock & Jackson were the first to demonstrate that exposing mice to chemicals decreases their fertility and induces chromosomal abnormalities and other mutations in the male germline. The subsequent five decades of work on chemical mutagens has resulted in a detailed biochemical and genetic characterization of chemical mutagenesis in the male germline and male-mediated developmental problems in laboratory animals (see below).
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Morozova, Maryana V., Galina V. Kalmykova, Nadezhda I. Akulova, Yuriy V. Ites, Valentina I. Korkina, and Ekaterina A. Litvinova. "Autoclaved Diet with Inactivated Spores of Bacillus spp. Decreased Reproductive Performance of Muc2−/− and Muc2+/− Mice." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182399.
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Within barrier facilities, autoclaved diet and bedding are used for husbandry of laboratory rodents. Bacillus spp. are ubiquitous in nature and some of them are known as probiotics. Inactivation of the Bacillus spores and reduction of the diet nutritional value due to autoclavation could be especially critical for immunodeficient mice. We studied the effect of the autoclaved and non-autoclaved diets on the reproductive performance and the age of prolapse manifestation in Muc2−/− mice with impaired gut barrier function and, therefore, sensitive to change of microbiota. We found that the non-autoclaved diet led to enhancement of the fertility index of Muc2−/− and Muc2+/− female mice. The non-autoclaved diet affected the prolapse of Muc2−/− mice that occurred later in comparison with females eating the autoclaved diet. We showed that Bacillus spp. was present in the non-autoclaved diet and feces of mice on the non-autoclaved diet. Bacterial strains of the non-autoclaved diet and feces belonged to B. amyloliquefaciens, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, Lysinibacillus macrolides, B. cereus, and other representatives of Bacillus spp. Moreover, autoclavation of the diet affected on the percent of the blood and spleen immune cells, the bacterial composition of the intestine, and increased the level of methionine in the thigh muscle of mice. Enhanced reproductive performance and delayed prolapse manifestation in Muc2−/− mice could be due to improved digestion, as Bacillus spp. from diet and feces had enzymatic activity.
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Parra-Forero, L. Y., A. Mojica-Villegas, E. Alfaro-Pedraza, and I. Hernández-Ochoa. "58 Transcervical transfer of blastocysts reveals detrimental effect on implantation rate in di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-exposed mice." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab58.
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Transcervical transfer is widely used in assisted reproduction techniques, such as cloning and the production of transgenic animals. Using this technique, the number of transferred blastocysts and implanted embryos may be quantified, representing a useful method for assessing the effect of xenobiotics on quality and functionality of the blastocyst. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widely used plasticizers worldwide that causes several detrimental effects, such as decreased embryo quality and a low implantation rate when laboratory animals are treated with very high doses, ranging from 3000 to 3500 µg·kg−1d−1. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of environmentally relevant doses of DEHP on blastocyst functionality and ability to implant in an ex vivo study. The CD-1 mice were exposed subchronically (1 month) to 0, 20, 200, and 2000 µg·kg−1d−1 of DEHP via deposition in the mouth, and then they were subjected to a transcervical transfer procedure. The donor female mice were superovulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (5IU) IP, followed by hCG (5 UI) IP 48h later. They were then mated with males of proven fertility. The recipient females (unexposed mice) had the same superovulation protocol as donors, but were mated with vasectomized males. Blastocysts were obtained 96h post-hCG by flushing the oviduct with Gardner-blastocyst medium and were classified according to morphological characteristics. Only expanded blastocysts were transferred transcervically under general anaesthesia protocol using isoflurane (induction: 3-5% and maintenance 2-2.5%). Four days after transcervical transfer, recipient females were injected with 200µL of Chicago Blue 1% IV, killed by cervical dislocation 2h later, following which implantation sites were counted and the implantation rate was calculated with the following formula (implanted blastocysts×100/transferred blastocysts). A decreased implantation rate was evident in 2000 µg·kg−1d−1 DEHP-treated females compared with controls (DEHP 2000: 11.67%±9.64v. control: 71.67%±6.0; P<0.05 according to 1-way ANOVA analysis followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test). Taken together, these data suggest that the dose of 2000 µg·kg−1d−1 DEPH impairs embryo implantation. We confirm that transcervical transfer is a useful technique in toxicological studies to assess detrimental effects on implantation.
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Rehman, Irum, Faizania Shabbir, Maria Gill, Shahid Hameed, Amna Rasul, and Attiqa Khalid. "Effect of Prunus Amagdalis (Almonds) on testosterone in Atenolol-induced derangements in the hormonal profile of male Balb-c mice." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2022161218.
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Background: Infertility is a very common health problem among middle-aged hypertensive individuals on beta-blocker therapy. With advancing research, it is observed that almonds can enhance the fertility index. Aim: To find that how almonds (prunus Amygdalus), cardioselective beta blocker and combined preparation of both these can affect serum testosteronein mice. Methods: This study was done in the Physiology Department, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad. Some part of this project was done inNational Institute of Health, Islamabad along with the Centre for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM) Laboratory, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, and Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. It was an Animal based experimental study. This study was conducted from December2014 to March 2015. 120 Balb-c mice were selected for our study according to the predefined setcriteria and four groups were made, each group consisting of 30 mice. Group A was the control group, atenolol was given to group B, almonds to group C, and atenolol plus almonds to group D. Serumtestosterone was measured after 3 months. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 and mean±standard deviation was determined. For difference, statistical significance was calculated after applying one way ANOVA. The p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In group A serving as control mean testosterone was found to be 1.58±0.69IU/L. Mean serum testosterone in B-group (Atenolol) was 0.43±0.27 IU/L. In group C (Almonds) it was 3.77±2.64 IU/Lwhich was significantly increased. In group D (almond+Atenolol) serum testosterone level was1.82±1.00 IU/L that is elevated but non-significantly in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Almonds increase mean testosterone and atenolol lead to adecrease init. It is thus concluded that almondscan revert the changes induced by atenolol. Keywords: Almonds, Testosterone, Atenolol, Hypertension, Infertility.
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Konieczko, Katarzyna. "Phenolphthalein – inhalable fraction. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 34, no. 4(98) (November 30, 2018): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7949.
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Phenolphthalein is a colorless and odorless crystalline solid; in a powdered form white or pale yellow. It is non-volatile, practically insoluble in water, but it dissolves in ethanol. Phenolphthalein is not known to occur as a natural product. The synthetic substance is used as a pH indicator in laboratories, during work on metal surfaces in galvanizing plants as well as for measuring the saturation of concrete with carbon dioxide. Until the end of the 20th century, it was widely used as a component of non-prescription laxatives – in 1999 FDA removed phenolphthalein from the list of substances considered safe. In 2016 in Poland 255 enterprises were reported to work with phenolphthalein (mainly laboratories) and there were 2500 occupationally exposed people. Phenolphthalein used in therapeutic doses was well tolerated. Only a few side effects were reported: abdominal discomfort, nausea, reduced blood pressure and weakness. Chronic use of phenolphthalein resulted in widening of the colon, reduced thickness of the lining of the mucosa, gastric disorders, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. In a 13-week study in which phenolphthalein was administered to laboratory animals with diets, mice turned out to be a more sensitive species from rats. Changes in testes and epididymides were observed in males and hypoplasia and bone marrow necrosis in males and females. The results of genotoxicity studies indicated that phenolphthalein acts as a promutagen and exerts a clastogenic effect after metabolic activation. Studies on the effect of phenolphthalein on the reproduction of animals indicated its harmful effect on reproductive functions of males. In the EU, phenolphthalein is classified as a category-2 mutagen and category-2 reproductive toxicant (due to its effect on fertility). A small increase in the risk of colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer was observed in case-control studies in patients using phenolphthalein-based laxatives (especially with intensive use of these agents), but the relationship was not statistically significant. In a 2-year NTP carcinogenicity study a significant increase in the number of benign phaeochromocytomas and adenomas of renal tubular epithelium was observed in male rats. There was also a significant increase in histiocytic sarcomas in mice of both sexes and in malignant lymphomas (of all types) and thymic lymphomas and benign ovarian tumors in females. Based on these experiments phenolphthalein has been identified as a substance reasonably anticipated as human carcinogen (NTP R). The experiment on heterozygous p53 (+/-) mice of both sexes confirmed an increase in lymphoma cases. Phenolphthalein is classified by European Union experts as a category-1B of carcinogenic substances, i.e. known or presumed human carcinogens, however the classification is largely based on animal evidence. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) identified phenolphthalein as a substance of very high concern (SVHC). Based on the NTP test results, the additional risk of malignant lymphoma at 8.25 mg/m3 occupational exposure to phenolphthalein for 40 years is 10-4. A concentration of 8 mg/m3 was proposed as the MAC-TWA value for phenolphthalein. Since phenolphthalein is a poorly water-soluble solid, only dust exposure of the substance will occur in the work environment, hence the proposed MAC value should concern the inhalable fraction of the substance. It is proposed to label phenolphthalein as "Carc. 1B" indicating that phenolphthalein is a category-1B carcinogen and "Ft" due to reprotoxicity. There are no bases for establishing the short-term exposure limit value (STEL) and the limit value in biological material (BEI).
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Hunt, P. "040. ARE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AFFECTING HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH?" Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs040.
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The concern that human reproductive health may be affected by chemicals in our daily environment has grown in recent years with the recognition that: (1) some countries have seen a recognizable decline in sperm counts and an increase in urogenital tract abnormalities among newborn males, (2) the incidence of some cancers has increased precipitously, and (3) the number of infertile couples has increased markedly in many countries. Our laboratory focuses on the oocyte and the factors that cause the production of chromosomally abnormal eggs. We know that the risk of a chromosomally abnormal pregnancy is strongly influenced by maternal age, but there is growing concern that environmental exposures may influence the ability of both the male and female to produce normal gametes. Our laboratory has focused on the effect of exposures to a ubiquitous chemical to which humans are exposed daily, bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is used in a wide variety of consumer products from plastics and resin coatings to eyeglasses and pressure printed receipts. Our studies in mice demonstrate that BPA exposure during fetal development adversely affects female fertility because BPA influences several significant stages of egg development. In the male mouse, we and others have found that prenatal, perinatal, and adult exposures can affect the function of the testis. In current studies we are attempting to determine if effects seen in the mouse are also a feature of BPA exposed primates. We are using a rhesus monkey model to determine how BPA is metabolized in the pregnant and nonpregnant female and how BPA exposure influences the developing fetus. Lastly, in human studies we are evaluating BPA levels in the developing fetus and assessing their effect on the developing fetal ovary.
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Joyner, C. P., L. C. Myrick, J. P. Crossland, and W. D. Dawson. "Deer Mice As Laboratory Animals." ILAR Journal 39, no. 4 (January 1, 1998): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.39.4.322.
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Ibrahim, S. A. M., and F. Nowell. "Transfer ofEimeria apionodesfrom wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) to laboratory mice (Mus musculus)." Parasitology 103, no. 2 (October 1991): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200005945x.
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Transfer ofEimeria apionodesfrom wood mice directly into untreated laboratory mice was unsuccessful but transfer into corticosteroid-treated animals produced an oocyst output, about 1000 times less than that observed from wood mice after a similar inoculum. Repeated passage through corticosteroid-treated laboratory mice resulted in a line adapted to survival in untreated animals. This line was compared with the parent strain maintained in wood mice and some features of the oocyst output patterns, notably the pre-patent period, appeared to be controlled by the host species. The oocyst production of each population was higher in the host species to which it was adapted than in the other host species (P> 0·001). Once adapted to laboratory mice, the line produced insignificantly different levels of oocysts in corticosteroid-treated and untreated animals (P> 0·05).
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Cammack, K. M., H. Mesa, and W. R. Lamberson. "Genetic variation in fertility of heat-stressed male mice." Theriogenology 66, no. 9 (December 2006): 2195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.06.011.
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Malakoff, D. "LABORATORY ANIMALS: Researchers Fight Plan to Regulate Mice, Birds." Science 290, no. 5489 (October 6, 2000): 23a—23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5489.23a.
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ABRAMOVICI, A., and M. WOLMAN. "Inbred Strains of Laboratory Animals: Superior to Outbred Mice?" JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, no. 12 (June 21, 1995): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.12.933.
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Ptak, G., F. Lopes, and P. Loi. "296 LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR INFLUENCES SHEEP OOCYTE PARTHENOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT DURING THE TRANSITION FROM GERMINAL VESICLE TO EARLY PRONUCLEAR STAGE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab296.
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Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is an indispensable cytokine for female fertility. The influence of LIF on embryo development and particularly implantation has been recently confirmed; however, the effect of this cytokine on the oocyte has not been studied. The presence of LIF in human follicular fluid implies its possible role in the acquisition of oocyte competence. Furthermore, the up-regulation of LIF by steroid hormones in sheep makes entirely feasible the hypothesis that ovulatory estradiol peak plays a role in the preparation of female gamete for fertilization. With this in mind, we studied the effect of LIF during in vitro development of sheep oocytes mimicking the physiological expression of LIF induced by the ovulatory peak of estradiol in mice. GV stage oocytes matured and chemically activated in the presence of LIF and anti-LIF antibody were cultured to the blastocyst stage in our standard media. To eliminate the effect of the putative presence of LIF in heat inactivated fetal calf serum used for oocyte maturation, aliquots of LIF were treated at 56°C for 30 min and added to the maturation medium. The proportion of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage in vitro was significantly higher (P < 0.001) for oocytes matured and activated with LIF (36/93; 39%) than for the group incubated with antibody against LIF (6/68; 9%). The significant effect of anti-LIF antibody (P < 0.001) was also observed when compared with blastocysts developed from the control group of oocytes matured without LIF addition (31/106; 29%). Although the beneficial influence of LIF treatment on embryo development demonstrated with those preliminary data was not confirmed statistically, due to low number of oocytes involved, the proportion of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage in vitro was about 10% higher for those incubated with LIF than for either those cultured without the cytokine or those, matured in the presence of heat-treated LIF (15/55; 27%); however, the rate of blastocyst development appeared very similar to that of the control group. This study revealed for the first time a role of LIF in determining oocyte competence. Further investigation to determine how LIF achieves its effects on the oocyte are ongoing in our laboratory. This work was supported by FIRB RBNE01HPMX, COFIN 2002074357, COFIN 2003073943 002, and British Council 2004.
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Yanagimachi, R. "Fertility of mammalian spermatozoa: its development and relativity." Zygote 2, no. 4 (November 1994): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400002240.
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Spermatozoa leaving the testis of normal animals are not ready to fertilise oocytes. They gain this ability while passing through the epididymis. It is interesting that spermatozoa of most animals take about 10 days to pass through the epididymis despite huge interspecies variations in the length of the epididymal tubule (e.g. some 30–50 m in large farm animals and about 1 m in the laboratory mouse) (Robaire & Hermo, 1988). The site where the spermatozoa begin to acquire fertilising capacity varies according to species, but it is generally the corpus epididymis or the proximal segment of the cauda epididymis where a large proportion of the spermatozoa become fertilisationcompetent. The distal segment of the cauda epididymis is the principal site for the storage of mature spermatozoa. Prolonged sojourn in the cauda epididymis (and vas deferens), however, could be detrimental to the spermatozoa.
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GOURTSAS (K.I. ΓΚΟΥΡΤΣΑΣ), K. I. "Common non infectious skin conditions of laboratory mice and rats." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 50, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15693.
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Laboratory mice and rats are the most favourite animals of the researchers all over the world. Sometimes these rodents can show a number of non infectious conditions concerning their hair, skin or legs and tail. These can be alopecia, bite wounds or the shedding of their legs or tail. It is important that ordinarily there is not a pathological cause for these conditions. It is believed that the social behaviour and the enviromental conditions of the animals may play a role. Fortunately, these cases are easily encountered and so, healthy animals are ensured for every reliable research.
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FESTING, M. F. W., and G. L. WOLFF. "Re: Inbred Strains of Laboratory Animals: Superior to Outbred Mice?" JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, no. 22 (November 15, 1995): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.22.1715.
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ABRAMOVICI, A., and M. WOLMAN. "Re: Inbred Strains of Laboratory Animals: Superior to Outbred Mice?" JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, no. 22 (November 15, 1995): 1715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.22.1715-a.
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Inoue, T., and H. Kobayashi. "Responses to orally ingested Neotyphodium endophyte toxins in laboratory animals." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3112.
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A series of experiment were conducted to examine the toxicities of Neotyphodium endophyte in laboratory animals. Groups of mice and hamsters were fed endophytic perennial ryegrass seeds. The hamsters presented ergotism-like symptoms while mice hardly indicated the toxicosis. Goups of mice and hamsters were fed endophytic perennial ryegrass seeds for 8 days and total excreta collections were made to evaluate apparent absorptions of endophytic alkaloids. Accumulations of endophyte toxins in the tissues and organs were also analysed. Although approximately 50% of lolitrem B and 90% of ergovaline were absorbed by both species, and lolitrem B accumulation in the liver and fat tissues, only the hamsters showed mild tremors. A condensed lolitrem B fraction was orally administrated to mice and hamsters and total excreta collections were made. The mice were not affected by even large amounts of lolitrem B dosages with high absorptions (>80%) when orally administrated. Keywords: ergovaline, lolitrem B, toxicosis, mouse, hamster, endophyte
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Pintus, Eliana, and José Luis Ros-Santaella. "Impact of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproduction in Domestic and Wild Animals." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071154.
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Oxidative stress occurs when the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overcome the antioxidant defenses of the organism, jeopardizing several biological functions, including reproduction. In the male reproductive system, oxidative stress not only impairs sperm fertility but also compromises offspring health and survival, inducing oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Although a clear link between oxidative stress and male fertility disorders has been demonstrated in humans and laboratory rodents, little information is available about the implications of impaired redox homeostasis in the male fertility of domestic and wild animals. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are associated with oxidative stress in the male reproductive system and their impact on the reproductive performance of domestic and wild animals. The most recent strategies for palliating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress on male fertility are reviewed together with their potential economic and ecological implications in the livestock industry and biodiversity conservation.
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Hauffe, Heidi C., and Jeremy B. Searle. "Chromosomal Heterozygosity and Fertility in House Mice (Mus musculus domesticus) From Northern Italy." Genetics 150, no. 3 (November 1, 1998): 1143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/150.3.1143.
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Abstract Following the discovery of over 40 Robertsonian (Rb) races of Mus musculus domesticus in Europe and North Africa, the house mouse has been studied extensively as an ideal model to determine the chromosomal changes that may cause or accompany speciation. Current models of chromosomal speciation are based on the assumption that heterozygous individuals have a particularly low fertility, although recent studies indicate otherwise. Despite their importance, fertility estimates for the house mouse are incomplete because traditional measurements, such as anaphase I nondisjunction and germ cell death, are rarely estimated in conjunction with litter size. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we have taken advantage of the house mouse hybrid zone in Upper Valtellina (Lombardy, Italy) in which five Rb races interbreed. We present data on the fertility of naturally occurring (“wild-caught”) hybrids and of offspring from laboratory crosses of wild-caught mice (“laboratory-reared”), using various measurements. Wild-caught mice heterozygous for one fusion were more infertile than predicted from past studies, possibly due to genic hybridity; laboratory-reared heterozygotes carrying seven or eight trivalents at meiosis I and heterozygotes carrying one pentavalent also had low fertilities. These low fertilities are especially significant given the probable occurrence of a reinforcement event in Upper Valtellina.
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Raspa, Marcello, Renata Paoletti, Manon Peltier, Mohamed Majjouti, Michele Protti, Laura Mercolini, Esther Mahabir, and Ferdinando Scavizzi. "Oral D-Aspartate Treatment Improves Sperm Fertility in Both Young and Adult B6N Mice." Animals 12, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12111350.
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D-Aspartate (D-Asp) treatment improved the fertility of young male C57BL/6N mice in vivo revealing a direct role on capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertility in vitro in young males only. We investigated whether the positive effect of D-Asp on fertility could be extended to adult males and evaluated the efficacy of a 2- or 4-week-treatment in vivo. Therefore, 20 mM sodium D-Asp was supplied in drinking water to males of different ages so that they were 9 or 16 weeks old at the end of the experiments. After sperm freezing, the in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate, the birth rate, hormone levels (luteinizing hormone (LH), epitestosterone, and testosterone), the sperm quality (morphology, abnormalities, motility, and velocity), the capacitation rate, and the acrosome reaction were investigated. Oral D-Asp treatment improves the fertilizing capability in mice regardless of the age of the animals. Importantly, a short D-Asp treatment of 2 weeks in young males elevates sperm parameters to the levels of untreated adult animals. In vivo, D-Asp treatment highly improves sperm quality but not sperm concentration. Therefore, D-Asp plays a beneficial role in mouse male fertility and may be highly relevant for cryorepositories to improve mouse sperm biobanking.
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Ojo, Olajumoke Omolara. "Effect of Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide (LaSMnO3) Nanoparticle on mouse Testosterone and Fertility." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2.4614.
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Intraperitoneal administration of Lanthanum strontium manganese oxide (LaSMnO3) a new class of magnetic nanoparticle on mouse testosterone and fertility was investigated. For this, experimental mice divided into 4 groups (n=5); group I, II, III and IV were treated with vehicle (control), 5, 10 and 20 µg/kg/day of LaSMnO3 for 21 days respectively. Five animals from each group were sacrificed at interval of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days, however, after twenty-one days of the treatment, animals in all groups were allowed to cohabited with untreated female mice for fertility study. Toxic effects of LaSMnO3 on the testosterone and sperm parameters were analyzed. Effect on ROS and anti-oxidative biomarkers were also measured. Significant decrease (p<0.05) of epididymal spermatozoa motility and numbers was measured revealing the cytotoxicity effects of this nanomaterial. Light microscopic study revealed changes in the cauda epididymal sperm morphology. Failure of the fertility in LaSMnO3-treated mice as evidenced by the significant reduction in the average number of implantation in females mated with the treated males. Depletion of testicular testosterone hormone level by high dose of LaSMnO3 (20µg/kg/day) shows a reduced testicular androgen synthesis. This study therefore, shows the potential adverse effect of LaSMnO3 on male fertility.
Keywords: Lanthanum strontium manganese oxide nanoparticle, animal models, toxicity, fertility
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Ermakova, A. V., and A. G. Kudyasheva. "Variability of hematological parameters in different species of laboratory mice." Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 5 (2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-5-13-19.
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In scientific research, when conducting experiments, the so-called norms which are used to differentiate the state of health and pathology, are important. At the same time, the requirements for the quality of laboratory animals and their standardization as an object of research are increasing. These are mice of different species that are the main objects used in biomedical research in experiments when analyzing the age-related variability and toxicity of drugs of a chemical nature, modeling the effects of a physical nature, which allow us to obtain objective data. The study of hematological parameters of peripheral blood consisted in determining the clinical parameters of normal blood in laboratory mice (males) of various species and ages, being under standard vivarium conditions, obtained from the “Scientific Collection of Experimental Animals “UNU” (http://www.ckp-rf.ru/usu/ 471933) of the Institute of Biology, Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, RAS. The content of the main blood parameters was determined in four types of mice: outbred mice (1- and 5-months), CBA/lac (5 months), AF (6–11-months), DBA (16-months) belonging to different age groups of animals (immature, sexually mature and old animals). Relative stability and low variability of hematological parameters were established, especially in linear mice species. The data obtained supplement the understanding of the influence of the age and species of laboratory mice on the nature of the content and variability of individual blood elements. Laboratory animals of different species, lines and ages, bred in standard vivarium conditions, can be recommended when choosing them for conducting experiments and studying patterns in biomedical research.
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Birke, Lynda. "Who—or What—are the Rats (and Mice) in the Laboratory." Society & Animals 11, no. 3 (2003): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853003322773023.
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AbstractThis paper explores the many meanings attached to the designation,"the rodent in the laboratory" (rat or mouse). Generations of selective breeding have created these rodents. They now differ markedly from their wild progenitors, nonhuman animals associated with carrying all kinds of diseases.Through selective breeding, they have moved from the rats of the sewers to become standardized laboratory tools and (metaphorically) saviors of humans in the fight against disease. This paper sketches two intertwined strands of metaphors associated with laboratory rodents.The first focuses on the idea of medical/scientific progress; in this context, the paper looks at laboratory rodents often depicted (in advertising for laboratory products) as epitomizing medical triumph or serving as helpers or saviors. The second strand concerns the ambiguous status of the laboratory rodent who is both an animal (bites) and not an animal (data).The paper argues that, partly because of these ambiguous and multiple meanings, the rodent in the laboratory is doubly "othered"—first in the way that animals so often are made other to ourselves and then other in the relationship of the animal in the laboratory to other animals.
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Kanellopoulos, Dimitrios, Dimitra Karagianni, Vasilios Pergialiotis, Nikolaos Nikiteas, Andreas C. Lazaris, and Dimitrios Iliopoulos. "The effect of endometriosis on fertility in an animal model." Journal of Medicine and Life 15, no. 9 (September 2022): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2021-0391.
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The present experimental model aimed to investigate the possible effect of endometriosis on ovarian function by altering follicular maturation and development. This single-blind, randomized study included twenty-four female Sprague Dawley mice, 2.5 months old, weighing 160–200 grams. The animals were randomly separated into four groups on the day of the surgery. Each group consisted of 6 mice. The first group (A) consisted of healthy female mice (control group). The second group (B) consisted of mice subjected to surgical insertion of ovarian endometrioma. The third group (C) consisted of mice subjected to surgically induced diffuse intraperitoneal endometriosis, and the fourth group (D) consisted of mice subjected to surgically induced extraperitoneal endometriosis. According to our experimental model, endometriosis may affect ovarian function by increasing the number of luteinized unruptured follicles (follicles that have undergone luteinization without prior rupture).
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Boden, M. J., and D. J. Kennaway. "280.Reproductive consequences of circadian dysfunction: fertility in the Bmal1 null mouse." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 9 (2004): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb04abs280.
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Circadian rhythms are generated by a suite of genes called clock genes that are expressed in the brain and also in many peripheral tissues. In the peripheral tissues, these genes assist in regulating the expression of many genes involved in cell growth, angiogenesis and development. Bmal1 is a critical gene involved in circadian rhythm generation. Here we report on the fertility and fecundity of Bmal1 knockout mice (Bmal1–/–). Male Bmal1–/– mice have impaired fertility compared to controls [(litters produced/number of animals) wild type (5/5), CBA controls (5/5), Bmal1–/– (1/15)]. Fifty percent of male Bmal1–/– mice had defective caudal sperm, showing sperm that was both non-motile and malformed. Seminal vesicle weight was significantly reduced in the Bmal1–/– mice (50% reduction) in males at both 4 and 5.5 months old. Female Bmal1–/– mice had irregular oestrus cycles and failed to maintain a pregnancy to term following natural mating [(litters produced/number of animals) wild type (5/5) CBA controls (5/5) Bmal1–/– (0/5)]. When embryos were flushed from the uterus 4 days after natural mating, there was a reduced number of released oocytes and a reduced development to blastocysts in the Bmal1–/– female mice. Following a standard PMSG/HCG super ovulation protocol, Bmal1–/– mice showed both a reduction in ovulation rate as well as a slowed progression of embryos to blastocyst stage (Table 1, see PDF file). These results suggest that disruption of a key clock gene has detrimental consequences on fertility in the mouse. Further, this reduction in fertility appears to be acting at multiple levels. Continued investigation into the importance of rhythm genes in reproductive function is required.
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Hani, Toshio, Takanori Tachibe, Saburo Shingai, Nobuo Kamada, Otoya Ueda, and Kou-ichi Jishage. "Fertility of mice receiving vitrified adult mouse ovaries." Reproduction 131, no. 4 (April 2006): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.01030.
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Cryopreservation of the ovaries is a useful technology for preservation of germ cells from experimental animals, because if the female founder is infertile or has mutated mitochondrial DNA, preservation of female germ cells is necessary. Although it is possible to cryopreserve immature mouse ovaries with a high degree of viability by vitrification with a mixture of several cryoprotectants, the viability of cryopreserved adult mouse ovaries is still unknown. Here, we investigated the viability of mouse ovaries at various ages after cryopreservation by vitrification techniques. Donor ovaries were collected from 10-day-, 4-week-, 10-week- and 7-month-old, female, nulliparous, green fluorescence protein (GFP)-transgenic mice and cryopreserved by vitrification. The vitrified-warmed ovaries were orthotopically transplanted to 4- or 10-week-old mice. GFP-positive pups were obtained in all experimental groups. In the 4-week-old recipients, the percentages of GFP-positive pups among the total pups from recipients transplanted with ovaries of 10-day-, 4-week-, 10-week- and 7-month-old donors were 44%, 9%, 12% and 4% respectively. In the 10-week-old recipients, the percentages of GFP-positive pups among the total pups from recipients transplanted with ovaries of 10-day-, 4-week-, 10-week- and 7-month-old donors were 36%, 16%, 2% and 9% respectively. Furthermore, GFP-positive pups also were obtained from recipients transplanted with ovaries of donors without normal estrous cyclicity. Our results indicate that cryopreservation of mouse ovaries by vitrification is a useful method for the preservation of female germ cells from mice of various ages.
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Yang, Jasmine J., Claudia S. Caligioni, Yee-Ming Chan, and Stephanie B. Seminara. "Uncovering Novel Reproductive Defects in Neurokinin B Receptor Null Mice: Closing the Gap Between Mice and Men." Endocrinology 153, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 1498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1949.
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Patients bearing mutations in TAC3 and TACR3 (which encode neurokinin B and its receptor, respectively) have sexual infantilism and infertility due to GnRH deficiency. In contrast, Tacr3−/− mice have previously been reported to be fertile. Because of this apparent phenotypic discordance between mice and men bearing disabling mutations in Tacr3/TACR3, Tacr3 null mice were phenotyped with close attention to pubertal development, estrous cyclicity, and fertility. Tacr3−/− mice demonstrated normal timing of preputial separation and day of first estrus, markers of sexual maturation. However, at postnatal d 60, Tacr3−/− males had significantly smaller testes and lower FSH levels than their wild-type littermates. Tacr3−/− females had lower uterine weights and abnormal estrous cyclicity. Approximately half of Tacr3−/− females had no detectable corpora lutea on ovarian histology at postnatal d 60. Despite this apparent ovulatory defect, all Tacr3−/− females achieved fertility when mated. However, Tacr3−/− females were subfertile, having both reduced numbers of litters and pups per litter. The subfertility of these animals was not due to a primary ovarian defect, because they demonstrated a robust response to exogenous gonadotropins. Thus, although capable of fertility, Tacr3-deficient mice have central reproductive defects. The remarkable ability of acyclic female Tacr3 null mice to achieve fertility is reminiscent of the reversal of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism seen in a high proportion of human patients bearing mutations in TACR3. Tacr3 mice are a useful model to examine the mechanisms by which neurokinin B signaling modulates GnRH release.
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Pouliquen, Odile, Michelle Leishman, and Trevor D. Redhead. "Effects of radio collars on wild mice, Mus domesticus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1607–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-239.
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Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in the field to test the effects of radio collars (1.7–1.9 g) on wild house mice (Mus domesticus). There was a decrease in the activity of the collared animals in the laboratory immediately after collar attachment. There were no adverse effects on social interactions in the laboratory, nor on survival for 4–5 days in the field. Provided that the collar is well adjusted, there should be no need to keep wild animals captive for more than 1 h after collar attachment. These results are consistent with those of other researchers on the effect of transmitters on some species of small mammals.
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Cammack, K. M., E. Antoniou, L. Hearne, and W. R. Lamberson. "Testicular gene expression in male mice divergent for fertility after heat stress." Theriogenology 71, no. 4 (March 2009): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.029.
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Garratt, Michael, Roslyn Bathgate, Simon P. de Graaf, and Robert C. Brooks. "Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase deficiency impairs sperm motility and in vivo fertility." REPRODUCTION 146, no. 4 (October 2013): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0229.
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Oxidative stress, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in relation to defence mechanisms, is considered to be a major cause of male infertility. For protection against the deleterious effects of ROS, animals have a variety of enzymatic antioxidants that reduce these molecules to less reactive forms. The physiological role of these antioxidantsin vivohas been explored extensively through genetic inhibition of gene expression; surprisingly, many of these animals remain fertile in spite of increased oxidative stress. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-deficient (Sod1−/−) male mice are one such example for whichin vivofertility has been repeatedly reported as normal, although examination of fertility has consisted of simply pairing animals of the same strain and checking for litters. This is a fairly low criterion by which to assess fertility. Herein, we show thatSod1-deficient males have zero fertilisation success in sperm competition trials that pit them against wild-type males of an otherwise identical genetic background and are almost completely infertile when mated singly with females of a different genotype. We also show that various aspects of sperm motility and function are impaired inSod1-deficient mice. Testing the breeding capabilities of mice under more ecologically relevant conditions and with females of different genotypes may help reveal additional physiological causes of infertility.
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Bondarchuk, A. O., A. P. Paliy, and M. Ye Blazheyevskiy. "Determination of acute toxicity of the ‘Bondarmin’ disinfectant." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 5, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2019-5-2-5.
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In the article the results of the study of toxic effect of the designed disinfectant (active ingredient potassium peroxomonosulfate) on laboratory animals (mice) are presented. For the recent years a variety of scientific works both by domestic and by foreign scientists has been devoted to the study of different disinfectants’ toxicity. However today there is a number of issues that require more detailed studying and scientific justification. Among them the problem of toxic effects of disinfectants on the animal organism occupies a special place. The aim of our work was to study the toxic effect on the laboratory animals and to assess the acute toxicity (LD50) of the designed ‘Bondarmin’ disinfectant. Tests were carried out at the Laboratory of pharmacology and toxicology of the National University of Pharmacy (Kharkiv) and on the base of Educational and scientific laboratory of genetic and molecular research methods named after P. I. Verbitskiy in the Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy. Acute toxicity assessment (LD50) was carried out with intragastrointestinal administration of the designed drug to laboratory animals (mice). Changes in the internal organs of animals that were removed from the experiment for humane reasons and those who died after the experiment were detected by macroscopic examination. The lethality of laboratory animals after the intragastric administration of disinfectant was determined by the Prozorovskiy method The dynamic of changes in body weight of mice after the administration of disinfectant in high doses (from 1,500 to 3,500 mg/kg) was found out. The influence of the disinfectant on the mass coefficients of the internal organs of male mice after intragastric administration was evaluated. Toxic effect of the designed disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’, when using intragastric method of administration to laboratory animals (mice), according to the age and sexual index (LD50 = 2,702.40 ± 156.32 mg/kg), was established. Disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’ refers to IV toxicity class (low toxic substances).
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K., Sarab S., Rawaa G. T., Shahla A., Melad A. H., and Adel H. E. "The toxic effect of the malathion pesticide on laboratory animals." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.4.385.
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The research aimed to illustrate enzyme level such as liver and immune enzymes to detect toxic effect of chemical agriculture pesticides as biological indictors to chemical pesticides contamination. 102 laboratory mice were used as a model 20-25gm weight. 30 mice were used to determine LD50 which was 30 mg/mouse. Mice were divided in to three groups according to LD50. After exposed to three different concentration by three ways (Interaperitoneal,Oraly,and Spray). Results showed significant increased in enzymes levels of (ALP), (GOT), (GPT), and (ADA) after 7 days of the three different exposure, while after 14 days there was decreased in enzymes levels of (ADA), (GOT), and(ALP) with increases in (GPT) enzyme: according to use "interaperitoneal injection and spray method'', that companied by the appearance of gross pathological lesions in mice organs represented by hypertrophy of liver and there is many cysts filled with pus which related with increased in pesticide concentration and duration of exposure in addition to bile duct obstruction to some exposed group. The results show the possibility of the adoption of variation in the level of enzymes to give an idea of the type and the impact of the pesticide, which was subjected to the animals.
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Van de Weerd, H. A., P. L. P. Van Loo, L. F. M. Van Zutphen, J. M. Koolhaas, and V. Baumans. "Preferences for nesting material as environmental enrichment for laboratory mice." Laboratory Animals 31, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367797780600152.
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Behavioural and psychological needs of laboratory animals generally cannot adequately be met in standard laboratory cages. Environmental enrichment, which provides a more structured environment can enhance the well-being of laboratory animals. They may perform more of their species-specific behaviour and may control their environment in a better way. An easily applicable form of enrichment for laboratory mice is nesting material. Six different types of nesting materials were evaluated in a preference test with male and female animals of two strains (C57BL/6J or BALB/c, n=48). No significant differences in preference were found between the strains or between the sexes. All mice showed a clear preference for cages with tissues or towels as compared to paper strips or no nesting material, and for cages with cotton string or wood-wool as compared to wood shavings or no nesting material. Paper-derived materials were preferred over wood-derived materials, although the results also suggest that the nature (paper or wood) of the nesting material is less important than its structure, which determines the nestability of the material. Nesting material may be a relatively simple method to contribute to the well-being of laboratory mice.
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Kirk, E. S., E. L. Squires, and J. K. Graham. "Comparison of in vitro laboratory analyses with the fertility of cryopreserved stallion spermatozoa." Theriogenology 64, no. 6 (October 2005): 1422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.006.
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José da Cruz, Robison, Leticia Kaory Tamashiro, Mariana Matera Veras, Juliana Moreira Silva, Luciani R S Carvalho, Nicholas Silvestre de Souza Trigueiro, Victor Yuji Yariwake, and Bruna Azevedo. "OR17-4 Hormone Replacement Promotes Sexual Maturation and Fertility Restoration in Mice With Congenital Hypopituitarism Harboring Prop1 Mutation." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A523—A524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1090.
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Abstract Introduction The Ames strain, a spontaneous mutant mouse of the Prop1 gene, is deficient in GH, TSH, PRL and gonadotropins. In recent years, it has been the focus of studies on aging and there is a growing interest in elucidating the role of hormone replacement (HR) in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Aim The present study aimed to characterize sexual maturation and fertility restoration in isogenic strain under or not HR. Material and methods Five homozygous male animals were treated via intraperitoneal injections, starting 30 days postnatally, with levothyroxine 3x/week and recombinant human GH 5x/week for 40 days, followed by maintenance applications of both hormones once a week until they complete 90 days post natal. The sexual maturity was evaluated looking for balanoprepucial opening and descendent testis comparing untreated homozygous (n=5) with their wild type siblings (n=5). Fertility was evaluated by mating known fertile wild type animals with treated and untreated animals for 8 times. Reproductive parameters were evaluated between groups using histological sections of the testes (HE) and classified according to johnsen score where 1-2 was classified as absent germline cells and 8-10 normal development. At the sacrifice, testicular weight was measured using scale and spermogram was done looking for motility and viability in the sperm collected in the seminiferous tube. Gata2 transcription factor and pituitary hormones Lh, Fsh, Tsh, Prl and Gh transcriptional analysis were performed by RT-qPCR. Results The homozygous treated animals presented a 2 weeks delay in the age of sexual maturation compared to wild animals. Their fertility and reproductive parameters were restored noticed by increased testicular weight, improved spermatogenesis, similar morphology of seminiferous tubules (johnsen score 8.7) and spermogram compared to the wild type, besides presenting offspring when mated to their wild siblings. Sexual maturity was absent in most of the untreated homozygous animals presenting no offspring. The reproductive parameters in the untreated homozygous animals presented reduced testicular weight, size of seminiferous tubes leading to johnsen score as 5 and an azospermic spermogram in all animals. Interestingly 2 untreated homozugous animal had spontaneous maturation. Gata2 was significant decreased in the untreated animal (0,49 ± 0,19) compared to wild type (1 ± 0,15) (p≤ 0.019). LH transcriptional pattern was significant increase in the animals under treatment (1.56 ± 0.68) compared to homozygotes without hormonal intervention (0.36 ± 0.34) (p≤ 0.048). Conclusion Ames mutant mice under treatment with GH and levothyroxine replacement reached sexual maturation and restored fertility and the mechanics behind this phenomenon will be explored using RNA seq in the future. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 11:45 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
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Alkhashab, Firas M. B., Aseel Isam Jamal aldeen Alnuri, and Rana Suhail Abdallah Al_Juwari. "Detecting intestinal parasitic infections in laboratory mice." Journal of World's Poultry Research 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36380/scil.2020.wvj24.
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Gao, Y., and R. V. Short. "Fertility control in laboratory rats and mice after feeding with the antigestagen RU486." Reproduction 101, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1010477.
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Shaker Kata, Faris. "EFFECT OF DICHLORVOS PESTICIDE ON FERTILITY OF LABORATORY MALE MICE (Mus musculus L.)." Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33762/bvetr.2008.55454.
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Hobbiesiefken, Ute, Paul Mieske, Lars Lewejohann, and Kai Diederich. "Evaluation of different types of enrichment - their usage and effect on home cage behavior in female mice." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 23, 2021): e0261876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261876.
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Numerous studies ascertained positive effects of enriched environments on the well-being of laboratory animals including behavioral, physiological and neurochemical parameters. Conversely, such conclusions imply impaired animal welfare and health in barren husbandry conditions. Moreover, inappropriate housing of laboratory animals may deteriorate the quality of scientific data. Recommendations for housing laboratory animals stipulate that cages should be enriched to mitigate adverse effects of barren housing. In this context, it is not only unclear what exactly is meant by enrichment, but also how the animals themselves interact with the various items on offer. Focal animal observation of female C57BL/6J mice either housed in conventional (CON) or enriched (ENR) conditions served to analyze the impact of enriching housing on welfare related behavior patterns including stereotypical, maintenance, active social, and inactive behaviors. CON conditions resembled current usual housing of laboratory mice, whereas ENR mice received varying enrichment items including foraging, housing and structural elements, and a running disc. Active and inactive use of these elements was quantitatively assessed. CON mice showed significantly more inactive and stereotypical behavior than ENR mice. ENR mice frequently engaged with all enrichment elements, whereby riddles to obtain food reward and the running disc preferably served for active interactions. Offering a second level resulted in high active and inactive interactions. Structural elements fixed at the cagetop were least attractive for the mice. Overall, the presented data underline the positive welfare benefits of enrichment and that mice clearly differentiate between distinct enrichment types, demonstrating that the perspective of the animals themselves should also be taken into account when specifying laboratory housing conditions. This is particularly important, as the ensuring of animal welfare is an essential prerequisite for reliable, reproducible, and scientifically meaningful results.
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Hidayat, Rachmat, and Patricia Wulandari. "Handling of Common Laboratory Animals in Biomedical Study." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i3.313.
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Mice are usually caught and lifted by the tail. The tail should be grasped abouttwo-thirds of the way down. With this simple method of holding, they may betransferred to another cage or a balance, identified or sexed; but such restraint isnot sufficient for treatment and close examination. For more effective control, themouse may be held by the tail and placed on a table or other surface, preferablyone that the mouse can grasp, and the loose skin over the neck and shouldersgrasped with thumb and fingers.