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Journal articles on the topic 'MHD'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 June 2024

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1

Mogi, Iwao, Ryoichi Morimoto, Ryoichi Aogaki, and Kohki Takahashi. "Effects of Vertical Magnetohydrodynamic Flows on Chiral Surface Formation in Magnetoelectrolysis." Magnetochemistry 4, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry4030040.

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Magnetoelectrolysis (electrolysis in magnetic fields) has potential to produce chiral surfaces on metal films. The Lorentz force causes two types of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows; a vertical MHD flow and micro-MHD vortices, and the combination of these MHD flows has been considered to produce chiral surfaces. This paper shows the effects of vertical MHD flow on the chiral surface formation in magnetoelectrodeposition (MED) and magnetoelectrochemical etching (MEE) of copper films. To control the vertical MHD flows the working electrode was embedded in a tube wall with various heights of 2–12 mm, and the vertical MHD flows were expected to penetrate into the tubes with damping. In both MED and MEE experiments, the surface chirality diminished considerably at the wall height of 12 mm. When the penetrating MHD flow could not reach the electrode surface in the sufficiently tall wall, such an MHD flow could not affect the micro-MHD vortices. These results demonstrate that the vertical MHD flow plays a significant role in symmetry breaking of micro-MHD vortices.

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2

Dewar, R. L., R. Mills, and M. J. Hole. "MHD memes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 169 (May 1, 2009): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/169/1/012004.

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3

Fasoli, A., D. Testa, S. Sharapov, H. L. Berk, B. Breizman, A. Gondhalekar, R. F. Heeter, M. Mantsinen, and contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme. "MHD spectroscopy." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 44, no. 12B (November 20, 2002): B159—B172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/12b/312.

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4

Goldreich, Peter. "MHD turbulence." Scholarpedia 4, no. 2 (2009): 2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.2350.

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5

Priest, Eric. "MHD reconnection." Scholarpedia 6, no. 2 (2011): 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.2371.

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6

Dobler, Wolfgang, Oskar Steiner, and Michael Stix. "MHD Day." Astronomische Nachrichten 324, S3 (July 2003): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200385019.

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7

Rabbia, V., G. De Palma, J. Lu, E. Verdu, S. M. Collins, R. Anglin, M. Surette, and P. Bercik. "A261 MICROBIOTA PROFILES OF PATIENTS WITH MENTAL DISODERS DIFFER FROM THOSE OF HEALTHY CONTROLS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.260.

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Abstract Background Mental disorders are the leading cause of disabilities worldwide, with depression and anxiety among the most common ones, affecting up to 1/3 of the worldwide population at least once in their lifetime. In both preclinical models and clinical studies, gut microbiota has been associated with altered behavior and anxiety or depression, respectively. Aims To investigate 1) whether the microbial profiles of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression disorder (MDD) differ from those of healthy controls (HC), and 2) whether specific bacterial taxa associate with GAD or MDD. Methods 118 patients with primary GAD (n=82, 83.3 % female) or MDD (n=36, 62.9 % female) and 99 matched HC (66.6 % female) were recruited through the Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre. Anxiety, depression and stress levels were assessed by DASS-21 questionnaire. Stool samples were collected anaerobically and analysed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing through Illumina technique. The data was divided in 4 groups: 1) mental health disorder (MHD) combining GAD and MDD, 2) GAD, 3) MDD, and 4) HC. The data was analyzed following the pipelines of dada2 and QIIME2. RandomForest plugin for QIIME2 was used to investigate predictive characteristics of MHD, GAD or MDD microbiota. SPSS software v.23 was used to perform Spearman correlations and logistic regressions between microbial taxa and clinical scores. Results The mean anxiety score was 16.2 (severe anxiety) for GAD patients and 9.8 (moderate anxiety) for MDD patients; the mean depression score was 19.2 (moderate depression) for MDD patients and 16.0 (moderate depression) for GAD patients, while healthy controls averaged only 1.5 (normal anxiety) and 1.7 (normal depression) for anxiety and depression, respectively. The microbiota profile of the MHD group was predictive of the patients’ disease state with an 83.3% accuracy. In particular, increased relative abundance of Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides spp. and decreased relative abundance of Dialister spp. (Veilonellaceae), Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, were predictive of MHD. Neither the GAD or MDD group microbiota profiles alone were accurate in the prediction of the patients’ disease state. There was a positive correlation between the relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. and a negative correlation between the relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto spp. and Sutterella, and the clinical scores of combined MDH and HC groups. Conclusions Our data suggest that patients with mental health disorders have different microbiota profiles compared to healthy controls. We have identified specific bacterial signatures that will inform mechanistic studies in gnotobiotic mouse models to investigate further the role of microbiome in mental disorders. Funding Agencies NIH

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8

Mogi, Iwao, Ryoichi Aogaki, and Kohki Takahashi. "Breaking of Odd Chirality in Magnetoelectrodeposition of Copper Films on Micro-Electrodes." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7110142.

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The surface chirality was investigated in magnetoelectrodeposition (MED) of copper films on micro-disc electrodes with the diameters of 100 and 25 µm. The MED was conducted in the magnetic fields of 1–5 T, which were parallel or antiparallel to the ionic currents. In the case of 100 µm-electrodes, the MED films prepared in 2 and 3 T exhibited odd chirality for the magnetic field polarity, as expected in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) vortex model. However, the films prepared in the higher fields of 4 and 5 T exhibited breaking of odd chirality. In the case of the 25 µm-electrode, the broken odd chirality was observed in 2 and 3 T. These results indicate that the strong vertical MHD flows induce the breaking of odd chirality. The mapping of chiral symmetry on the axes of the magnetic field and electrode diameter demonstrate that the odd chirality could be easily broken by the fluctuation of micro-MHD vortices.

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9

Meier, Eric, Weston Lowrie, George Marklin, and Uri Shumlak. "Developing and Benchmarking MH4D, A Tetrahedral Mesh MHD Code." Journal of Fusion Energy 27, no. 1-2 (July 18, 2007): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10894-007-9115-0.

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10

Tarafder, Palash, Md Ayub Ali Choudhury, Md Babrul Alam, Tofael Ahammod, and Pritish Tarafder. "Implication of serum hepcidin level in maintainance haemodialysis patients in association with different iron indices." Bangladesh Medical Journal Khulna 54, no. 1-2 (July 18, 2022): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v54i1-2.60781.

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Background: Anaemia is a frequent complication in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Altered systemic iron metabolism and functional iron deficiency mainly related to subclinical inflammation makes it difficult to maintain proper control of anaemia. The discovery of hepcidin and it's functions has contributed to a better understanding of iron metabolism disorders in CKD anaemia. Objective: To evaluate the association of serum hepcidin with different iron indices (serum iron, serum ferritin, TIBC and TSAT). Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka for a period of six months between July to December 2016. Serum hepcidin-25, current iron markers and other laboratory parameters were measured among study subjects. Absolute and functional iron deficiency patients were identified according to serum ferritin and TSAT. Statistical analysis was performed to find out whether serum hepcidin level significantly differ in MHD patients than healthy controls and also to evaluate it's correlation with other iron indices among MHD patients. Results: Total 88 subjects (fifty MHD patients and thirty eight healthy controls) were enrolled into the study. Serum hepcidin level was significantly higher in MHD patients than healthy controls (19.3 (7.0 - 81.8) ng/ml vs 8.0 (2.4 - 33.6) ng/ml, P value <0.001). Hepcidin has significant positive correlation with ferritin in MHD patients (r=0.480; p=<0.001). Hepcidin was also positively correlated with serum ferritin both in absolute iron deficiency patients (r=0.786; p=0.036) and functional iron deficiency patients (r=0.764; p=0.006). Conclusion: Serum hepcidin level is increased in MHD patients and associated with disturbance of iron metabolism. Hepcidin positively correlates with serum ferritin in MHD patients and may be used similarly as ferritin in guiding iron therapy. Bang Med J Khulna 2021; 54 : 21-25

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11

Goldreich, Peter. "Incompressible MHD Turbulence." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 182 (2001): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100000622.

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AbstractThe inertial range of incompressible MHD turbulence is most conveniently described in terms of counter propagating waves. Shear Alfvén waves control the cascade dynamics. Slow waves play a passive role and adopt the spectrum set by the shear Alfvén waves. Cascades composed entirely of shear Alfvén waves do not generate a significant measure of slow waves. MHD turbulence is anisotropic with energy cascading more rapidly along k⊥ than along k‖. Anisotropy increases with k⊥ such that the excited modes are confined inside a cone bounded by . The opening angle of the cone, , defines the scale dependent anisotropy. MHD turbulence is generically strong in the sense that the waves which comprise it are critically damped. Nevertheless, deep inside the inertial range, turbulent fluctuations are small. Their energy density is less than that of the background field by a factor θ2(k⊥) « 1. MHD cascades are best understood geometrically. Wave packets suffer distortions as they move along magnetic field lines perturbed by counter propagating wave packets. Field lines perturbed by unidirectional waves map planes perpendicular to the local field into each other. Shear Alfvén waves are responsible for the mapping’s shear and slow waves for its dilatation. The former exceeds the latter by θ−1 (k⊥) » 1 which accounts for dominance of the shear Alfvén waves in controlling the cascade dynamics.

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12

Shibata, Kazunari. "Computational MHD Jets." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 140 (1990): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900190680.

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By using two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code, the following non-steady MHD jets and outflows are studied in relation to jets ejected from central regions of galaxies: (1) a jet driven by gas pressure gradient, collimated by vertical magnetic fields (as a model of bipolar flows ejected from a hot bubble created by starbursts); (2) a magnetic twist jet which is accelerated and collimated by J × B force in relaxing magnetic twists generated by the interaction of poloidal fields with a rotating disk (as a model of jets from active galactic nuclei); (3) a magnetic-loop-outflow resulting from the Parker instability, which may account for the initial acceleration of the magnetic twist jet and nonthermal emissions near nuclear accretion disks.

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13

Heyvaerts, J. "Astrophysical MHD jets." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 80, no. 1-3 (January 2000): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(99)00829-4.

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14

Schüssler, M. "Simulating solar MHD." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 5 (May 31, 1999): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0578-3.

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Abstract. Two aspects of solar MHD are discussed in relation to the work of the MHD simulation group at KIS. Photospheric magneto-convection, the nonlinear interaction of magnetic field and convection in a strongly stratified, radiating fluid, is a key process of general astrophysical relevance. Comprehensive numerical simulations including radiative transfer have significantly improved our understanding of the processes and have become an important tool for the interpretation of observational data. Examples of field intensification in the solar photosphere ('convective collapse') are shown. The second line of research is concerned with the dynamics of flux tubes in the convection zone, which has far-reaching implications for our understanding of the solar dynamo. Simulations indicate that the field strength in the region where the flux is stored before erupting to form sunspot groups is of the order of 105 G, an order of magnitude larger than previous estimates based on equipartition with the kinetic energy of convective flows.Key words. Solar physics · astrophysics and astronomy (photosphere and chromosphere; stellar interiors and dynamo theory; numerical simulation studies).

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15

Wu, Jiahong. "Generalized MHD equations." Journal of Differential Equations 195, no. 2 (December 2003): 284–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2003.07.007.

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16

Woodward, T. I., and J. F. McKenzie. "Stationary MHD structures." Planetary and Space Science 41, no. 3 (March 1993): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(93)90061-6.

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17

Doss, E. D., and H. K. Geyer. "MHD Seawater Propulsion." Journal of Ship Research 37, no. 01 (March 1, 1993): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1993.37.1.49.

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This paper discusses the reasons for the renewed interest in the concept of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) seawater propulsion. The main advantages of this concept are presented, together with some of the technical challenges that need to be overcome to achieve reliability and performance. The paper discusses in simple terms some of the technical issues and loss mechanisms influencing the thruster performance in terms of its electrical efficiency. These issues include the jet losses and nozzle efficiency, Ohmic losses, frictional losses, three-dimensional effects and electrolysis inside the thruster. Furthermore, a parametric study has been performed using a developed two-dimensional model to investigate the effects of electrical end losses, the magnetic field, thruster diameter, wall roughness, flow velocity, and electrical load factor on the thruster performance. These studies show that the frictional and end losses can have strong adverse effects on the thruster performance and that the thruster efficiency increases with the strength of the magnetic field and thruster diameter and decreases with the wall roughness and the flow velocity.

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18

Godam, Elvis, Wilson Hamman, Sunday Oladele, Modupeola Samaila, and Sunday Musa. "Melatonin and Magnesium Restores Neurohistopathological Changes in the Hippocampus of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats." NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47081/njn2020.11.2/003.

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Diabetic encephalopathy and its associated end organ damage have become a major global epidemic in many patients with diabetes mellitus. These diseased conditions are complex and poorly understood, therefore the need to seek for alternative management measures to attenuate the complications associated with it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-administration of melatonin and magnesium on the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. STZ was used to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus. Fifty four rats: Forty eight diabetic and six normoglycaemic rats distributed in nine groups as follow; normal control, diabetic control (DC), melatonin low dose (MLD, 10 mg/kg), magnesium low dose (MgLD, 240 mg/kg), melatonin and magnesium combined dose (MMgLD, 10 mg/kg+240 mg/kg, respectively), melatonin high dose (MHD, 20 mg/kg), magnesium high dose (MgHD, 480 mg/kg), melatonin and magnesium high dose (MMgHD, 20 mg/kg+480 mg/kg, respectively) and insulin (IN, 500 mg/kg). Melatonin and insulin were administered through intraperitoneal injections while magnesium was orally. The control groups were given placebo and all treatments were for twenty-one days. Results showed distortion of hippocampal CA1 area in the diabetic control, MgLD, MgHD, MMgHD and IN groups. MLD, MHD and MMgLD groups showed organized structures of hippocampus CA1 area with no cellular distortions, while there were less positive GFAP in the MLD, MHD and MMgLD groups. The DC, MgLD. MgHD, MMgHD and IN groups showed strong GFAP reactivity. In conclusion, MLD, MHD and MMgLD increased neuroprotection of hippocampal neurocytes

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Naitou, Hiroshi, Yusuke Yamada, Kenji Kajiwara, Wei-li Lee, Shinji Tokuda, and Masatoshi Yagi. "Global and Kinetic MHD Simulation by the Gpic-MHD Code." Plasma Science and Technology 13, no. 5 (October 2011): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/13/5/04.

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20

Nikulsin, N., M. Hoelzl, A. Zocco, K. Lackner, and S. Günter. "A three-dimensional reduced MHD model consistent with full MHD." Physics of Plasmas 26, no. 10 (October 2019): 102109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5122013.

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21

Zeng, Dewang, Aiyun Zha, Ying Lei, Zongchao Yu, Rui Cao, Ling Li, Zhuoheng Song, et al. "Correlation of Serum FGF23 and Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Abnormality Markers With Cardiac Structure Changes in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2023 (April 8, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6243771.

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Background. CKD-MBD is a mineral and bone metabolism syndrome caused by chronic kidney disease. FGF23 is an important factor regulating phosphorus and is the main influencer in the CKD-MBD process. In this study, we observed the correlation among serum FGF23 and calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone, and the correlation between FGF23 levels and cardiac structural changes in MHD patients. Methods. We examined serum FGF23 concentrations in 107 cases of MHD patients using the ELISA method, recorded demographic information and biochemical data, and analyzed the correlation between serum FGF23 levels and blood calcium and blood phosphorus and PTH levels. All patients were evaluated by cardiac color ultrasound, and we finally analyzed the association between the FGF23 level and cardiac structural changes. Results. In 107 cases of MHD patients, serum FGF23 levels were linearly associated with serum calcium (r = 0.27 P < 0.01 ) and parathyroid hormone levels (r = 0.25, P < 0.05 ). FGF 23 was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.44, P < 0.01 ).Serum FGF23 levels were correlated with right atrial hypertrophy in HD patients ( P < 0.05 ). No correlation was found among FGF23, left ventricular hypertrophy/enlargement, and valve calcification stenosis ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Serum FGF23 showed a positive correlation among blood calcium levels and PTH levels in hemodialysis patients, and FGF23 levels can affect the incidence of right atrial hypertrophy in MHD patients.

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22

Mogi, Iwao, Ryoichi Aogaki, and Kohki Takahashi. "Fluctuation Effects of Magnetohydrodynamic Micro-Vortices on Odd Chirality in Magnetoelectrolysis." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 3 (September 10, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6030043.

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The magnetic field dependence of chiral surface formation was investigated in magnetoelectrodeposition (MED) and magnetoelectrochemical etching (MEE) of copper films. The MED and MEE was conducted in magnetic fields of up to 5 T, which were parallel or antiparallel to the ionic currents. The MED films prepared in high magnetic fields of 5 and 3 T exhibited odd chirality for magnetic field polarity, as expected on the basis of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) vortex model. However, the films prepared in the lower fields of 2.5 and 2 T exhibited breaking of odd chirality. Similar magnetic field dependence was observed in the surface chirality of MEE films. These results imply that the fluctuation in the self-organized state of micro-MHD vortices is responsible for the breaking of odd chirality.

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23

Peng, Xiaoyan, Sujuan Feng, Poxuan Zhang, Shengmei Sang, and Yi Zhang. "Analysis of influencing factors of anxiety and depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients and its correlation with BDNF, NT-3 and 5-HT levels." PeerJ 11 (September 21, 2023): e16068. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16068.

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Objective The aim of this study is to examine the factors that contribute to anxiety and depression in individuals undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), as well as their association with serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and serotonin (5-HT). Methods In May 2020 and June 2022, 120 MHD patients who received MDH treatment at our hospital were enrolled. The control group was composed of 60 healthy adults (>18) who completed the physical examination at the same time. The serum levels of BDNF, NT-3, and 5-HT in patients and clinical data of MHD patients with different degrees of anxiety and depression were compared. The Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between anxiety and depression scores and serum BDNF, NT-3,5-HT levels in patients with MHD. Multivariate analysis was employed to analyze the risk factors of anxiety and depression in MHD patients. Results The incidence of anxiety and depression in 120 MHD patients was 34.17% (41/120) and 64.17% (77/120), respectively. The levels of serum NT-3 and 5-HT in the anxiety group were higher than those in the non-anxiety and control group, and the levels of serum NT-3 in the non-anxiety group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum BDNF, NT-3 and 5-HT in the depressed group were higher than those in the non-depressed group and control group, and the levels of serum NT-3 in the non-depressed group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). SAS score was positively correlated with serum NT-3 and 5-HT levels, while the SDS score was negatively correlated with serum BDNF and positively correlated with serum NT-3 and 5-HT levels. Female, rural household registration, and restless leg syndrome were independent risk variables for anxiety in patients with MHD (P < 0.05). Rural household registration, economic deterioration, fatigue, insomnia, and vascular pain were independent variables of depression risk in patients with MHD. Conclusion Anxiety and depression in patients with MHD are closely related to the levels of serum BDNF, NT-3, and 5-HT. Female, rural household registration, more than eight dialysis times/month, insomnia, and restless leg syndrome are the risk factors for anxiety in patients with MHD. Rural household registration, economic deterioration, fatigue, insomnia, and vascular pain are the risk factors for depression in patients with MHD. The clinical implication of these findings suggests that these indexes may perhaps serve as biological indicators of anxiety and depression amongst patients undergoing MHD. Such investigation can hence contribute to early detection, monitoring, and potentially enable the depiction of novel therapeutic strategies for managing these adverse states.

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Vesely, Josef. "TeX a jízdní řády MHD." Zpravodaj Československého sdružení uživatelů TeXu 3, no. 4 (1993): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5300/1993-4/158.

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25

Jiang, Zaihong, and Mingxuan Zhu. "Regularity criteria for the 3D generalized MHD and Hall-MHD systems." Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society 41, no. 1 (October 22, 2015): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40840-015-0243-9.

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26

Oda, Noritaka, Masafumi Suzuki, Takayasu Fujino, Yoshihiro Okuno, and Hiroyuki Yamasaki. "Production of nonequilibrium plasma and MHD interaction in disk MHD channel." Electrical Engineering in Japan 138, no. 4 (January 18, 2002): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.1137.

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27

Sultana, S., MK Ali, AK Shaha, NN Khan, and MA Husain. "Evaluation of the Antibody Response against Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD): A Pilot Study." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry 7, no. 1 (April 11, 2014): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i1.18573.

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Majority of the patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Bangladesh. Dialysis patients are at high risk for contracting blood borne infection including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody response of hepatitis C virus infection in patients on MHD by detecting different viral markers in blood. A total of 88 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)were recruited from BIRDEM and BSMMU during the period from June 2006 to June 2007. Of them 63 patients on MHD and 25 predialysis patients were taken as cases and controls respectivly. Anti-HCV antibody were positive in 38% of dialysis patients but none of the controls were positive for Anti-HCV. When HCV positive MHD patients (38%) were compared to HCV negative MHD patients (62%), it showed that HCV positive patients had longer duration of dialysis (24±25 vs 9±6 months, p<0.001), increased number blood transfusions (29±34 vs 10±9 units, p<0.004) and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase level (35±23 vs 20±9 U/L, p=0.001). Implementing comprehensive infection control program by routine screening of the CKD patients, safe blood transfusion program, reducing transfusion of blood by use of erythropoietin and proper disinfection and cleaning of hemodialysis units may reduce the infection by HCV Virus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i1.18573 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2014; 7(1): 9-13

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Doss, E. D., and G. D. Roy. "Flow Development and Analysis of MHD Generators and Seawater Thrusters." Journal of Fluids Engineering 114, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910002.

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The flow characteristics inside magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma generators and seawater thrusters are analyzed and are compared using a three-dimensional computer model that solves the governing partial differential equations for fluid flow and electrical fields. Calculations have been performed for a Faraday plasma generator and for a continuous electrode seawater thruster. The results of the calculations show that the effects caused by the interaction of the MHD forces with the fluid flow are strongly manifested in the case of the MHD generator as compared to the flow development in the MHD thruster. The existence of velocity overshoots over the sidewalls confirm previously published results for MHD generators with strong MHD interaction. For MHD thrusters, the velocity profile is found to be slightly flatter over the sidewall as compared to that over the electrode wall. As a result, distinct enhancement of the skin friction exists over the sidewalls of MHD generators in comparison to that of MHD thrusters. Plots of velocity profiles and skin friction distributions are presented to illustrate and compare the flow development in MHD generators and thrusters.

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29

Erdélyi, R., and I. Ballai. "Dynamics of nonlinear resonant slow MHD waves in twisted flux tubes." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2002): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-9-79-2002.

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Abstract. Nonlinear resonant magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves are studied in weakly dissipative isotropic plasmas in cylindrical geometry. This geometry is suitable and is needed when one intends to study resonant MHD waves in magnetic flux tubes (e.g. for sunspots, coronal loops, solar plumes, solar wind, the magnetosphere, etc.) The resonant behaviour of slow MHD waves is confined in a narrow dissipative layer. Using the method of simplified matched asymptotic expansions inside and outside of the narrow dissipative layer, we generalise the so-called connection formulae obtained in linear MHD for the Eulerian perturbation of the total pressure and for the normal component of the velocity. These connection formulae for resonant MHD waves across the dissipative layer play a similar role as the well-known Rankine-Hugoniot relations connecting solutions at both sides of MHD shock waves. The key results are the nonlinear connection formulae found in dissipative cylindrical MHD which are an important extension of their counterparts obtained in linear ideal MHD (Sakurai et al., 1991), linear dissipative MHD (Goossens et al., 1995; Erdélyi, 1997) and in nonlinear dissipative MHD derived in slab geometry (Ruderman et al., 1997). These generalised connection formulae enable us to connect solutions obtained at both sides of the dissipative layer without solving the MHD equations in the dissipative layer possibly saving a considerable amount of CPU-time when solving the full nonlinear resonant MHD problem.

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Jacobson, Geraldine Meerbott, Sijin Wen, Jianjun Zhang, Hannah Hazard, and Jame Abraham. "Mean radiation dose to the heart in patients with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 26_suppl (September 10, 2013): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.26_suppl.56.

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56 Background: Breast irradiation may expose a portion of the heart to radiation. Heart irradiation is associated with late risk of ischemic heart disease, proportional to dose. A recent publication of patients treated with 2-D planning prior to 2001 noted average mean heart dose (MHD) of 6.6 Gy for left breast tumors, 2.9 Gy for right breast. Current treatment planning can minimize the MHD, reducing the risk of late heart injury. Methods: We reviewed treatment plans of 78 patients (86 breasts) treated 1/2012-3/2013 to obtain MHD. Treatment plans were CT-based, field-in-field forward planning with heart blocking. Two treatment regimens were used; hypofractionation (HF) (16 x 2.66 Gy, no boost) or standard (SF) (46.8-50.4 Gy +/- 10 Gy boost). Statistics were obtained for MHD based on right (N = 44) or left breast (N = 42); HF (N = 31) vs SF (N = 55), and total dose. Results: Average (av) MHD for left breast was 1.45 Gy (range 0.19-3.12), for right breast 0.70 Gy (0.12-1.54). For HF patients av MHD left was 1.16 Gy (0.19-1.90), MHD right was 0.48 Gy (0.12-0.91). For SF av MHD left was 1.60 Gy (0.80-3.12), MHD right was 0.84 Gy (0.39-1.54). There was a significant difference in MHD between left and right breasts (p = 0.002) and significant correlation between breast dose and MHD (p = 0.026). Conclusions: MHD from breast RT with current treatment planning is much lower than published reports from 2-D planning. MHD correlates with total breast dose and is greater for the left than right side. Techniques to reduce MHD should be utilized, especially for left-sided breast cancer.

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Hossain, Rana Mokarram, M. Masud Iqbal, Zeenat Farzana Rahman, Rosy Sultana, Md Habibur Rahman, Md Nazrul Islam, Nazmun Nahar Khan, et al. "Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis, Their Family Members and Dialysis Staffs - A Prevalence Study." BIRDEM Medical Journal 8, no. 1 (December 27, 2017): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v8i1.35038.

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Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This study was undertaken to observe prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in hemodialysis patients, their family members and dialysis staffs.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 3 groups were included as gr-1 patients on MHD, the first-degree relatives in gr-2 and the dialysis staffs as gr-3. Clinical and laboratory investigations were done. Viral serology included hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) done by enzyme linked immunosorbent sorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: Total 150 subjects were analyzed where 50 were in gr-1, 60 gr-2 and 40 in gr-3. In gr-1 MHD patients, HBV infection was positive in 12% and HCV in 71%. None of the viral markers were positive in family members and dialysis staffs. Blood transfusion (BT) was taken by 76% MHD patents. The frequency of HBV and HCV infection was of similar pattern in both BT dependent and non BT group (P=NS).When HCV positive and negative patents were (71 vs. 29%, p<0.001) compared, dialysis duration (37 ± 34 vs. 11± 6 months, p<0.001) was found higher in positive patients.Conclusion: This survey on dialysis patients showed that prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections was higher in Bangladeshi patients on MHD groups. Horizontal spread of these viruses is negligible in caregivers and dialysis staffs.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 42-46

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32

Li, Yong, Dian Kai Wang, and Qian Li. "Application of Magneto Hydrodynamics (MHD) in Hypersonic Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.890.

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It is very important to develop the technology of the hypersonic vehicle along with the demand of many countries. This article summarizes the technology of MHD flow control and MHD generator and analyzes key technical issues of application of MHD. It included increase theoretic research and found accurate 3D model of MHD flow. The first, it needs to develop technology of large dimension plasma generator to impose effect of MHD in scramjet, at the same time it also needs to consider weight volume material and thermal protective; The second, it needs to build model of MHD energy bypass and calculate range of application of MHD.

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33

GARNIER, Marcel. "Metallurgical Applications of MHD." Tetsu-to-Hagane 71, no. 16 (1985): 1846–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.71.16_1846.

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34

Appert, K., G. A. Collins, T. Hellsten, J. Vaclavik, and L. Villard. "Theory of MHD waves." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 28, no. 1A (January 1, 1986): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/28/1a/012.

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35

Rizk, H. M. "MHD helical equilibrium model." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 29, no. 10B (October 1, 1987): 1475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/29/10b/001.

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Wu, C. C. "On MHD intermediate shocks." Geophysical Research Letters 14, no. 6 (June 1987): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl014i006p00668.

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37

Draine, B. T. "Multicomponent, reacting MHD flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 220, no. 1 (May 1, 1986): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/220.1.133.

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38

Lithwick, Y., P. Goldreich, and S. Sridhar. "Imbalanced Strong MHD Turbulence." Astrophysical Journal 655, no. 1 (January 20, 2007): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/509884.

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39

Goedbloed, J. P. "Introduction to MHD Instabilities." Fusion Science and Technology 45, no. 2T (March 2004): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst04-a472.

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40

de Blank, H. J. "MHD Instabilities in Tokamaks." Fusion Science and Technology 49, no. 2T (February 2006): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst06-a1111.

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de Blank, H. J. "MHD Instabilities in Tokamaks." Fusion Science and Technology 53, no. 2T (February 2008): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst08-a1698.

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42

de Blank, H. J. "MHD Instabilities in Tokamaks." Fusion Science and Technology 57, no. 2T (February 2010): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst10-a9403.

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43

Hope, Steven, Emeline Rougeaux, Jessica Deighton, Catherine Law, and Anna Pearce. "Associations between mental health competence and indicators of physical health and cognitive development in eleven year olds: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study." BMC Public Health 19, no. 1 (November 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7789-7.

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Abstract Background Positive mental health may support healthy development in childhood, although few studies have investigated this at a population level. We aimed to construct a measure of mental health competence (MHC), a skills-based assessment of positive mental health, using existing survey items in a representative sample of UK children, and to investigate its overlap with mental health difficulties (MHD), socio-demographic patterning, and relationships with physical health and cognitive development. Methods We analysed the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) when children were aged 11 years. Maternal (n = 12,082) and teacher (n = 6739) reports of prosocial behaviours (PS) and learning skills (LS) were entered into latent class models to create MHC measures. Using descriptive statistics, we examined relationships between MHC and MHD, and the socio-demographic patterning of MHC. Associations between MHC and physical health and cognitive development were examined with relative risk ratios [RRR] (from multinomial models): BMI status (healthy weight, overweight, obesity); unintentional injuries since age 7 (none, 1, 2+); asthma symptoms (none, 1, 2+); and tertiles of test scores for verbal ability, spatial working memory and risk-taking. Models were adjusted for potential confounding. Results Four MHC classes were identified [percentages for maternal and teacher reports, respectively]: high MHC (high PS, high LS) [37%; 39%], high-moderate MHC (high PS, moderate LS) [36%; 26%]; moderate MHC (moderate PS, moderate LS) [19%; 19%]; low MHC (moderate PS, low LS) [8%; 16%]. Higher MHC was less common in socially disadvantaged children. While MHC and MHD were associated, there was sufficient separation to indicate that MHC captures more than the absence of MHD. Compared to children with high MHC, those in other MHC classes tended to have poorer physical health and cognitive development, particularly those with low MHC or high-moderate MHC. For example, children with maternal-report Low MHC were more likely to have experienced 2+ unintentional injuries (RRR: 1.5 [1.1–2.1]) and to have lower verbal ability scores (RRR: 2.5 [1.9–3.2]). Patterns of results were similar for maternal- and teacher-report MHC. Conclusion MHC is not simply the inverse of MHD, and high MHC is associated with better physical health and cognitive development. Findings suggest that interventions to improve MHC may support healthy development, although they require replication.

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Beresnyak, Andrey. "MHD turbulence." Living Reviews in Computational Astrophysics 5, no. 1 (September 10, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41115-019-0005-8.

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AbstractWe review the current status of research in MHD turbulence theory and numerical experiments and their applications to astrophysics and solar science. We introduce general tools for studying turbulence, basic turbulence models, MHD equations and their wave modes. Subsequently, we cover the theories and numerics of Alfvénic turbulence, imbalanced turbulence, small-scale dynamos and models and numerics for supersonic MHD turbulence.

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"Chiral phenomena in MHD and MHD-like media." Magnetohydrodynamics 37, no. 1-2 (June 2001): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.37.1-2.4.

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Yang, Xiaomin, and Wenping Li. "The development of syntactic complexity of Chinese JFL learners based on Mean Dependency Distance and Mean Hierarchical Distance." International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, December 13, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral-2023-0010.

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Abstract Mean dependency distance (MDD) and mean hierarchical distance (MHD) are two linguistic measures used in dependency syntax studies to investigate the syntactic features of compositions written by English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. However, their applicability and validity in differentiating proficiency levels and genre effects among Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) learners remain unknown. This study uses a longitudinal dataset that tracks 110 Chinese JFL learners over 12 months and examines their syntactic development as well as the effects of genres. The results indicate that both MDD and MHD effectively capture developmental and genre effects; moreover, both measures show significantly higher values in argumentative writing than narrative writing. However, the extent of genre effects over time is not the same in MDD and MHD. The findings provide new insights into the developmental characteristics of JFL learners’ interlanguage and may contribute to evaluating syntactic complexity and developing automatic evaluation systems.

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Jardin, S. C., S. Munaretto, N. M. Ferraro, S. M. Kaye, A. Kleiner, and B. C. Lyons. "MHD stability of spherical tokamak equilibria with non-monotonic q-profiles." Physics of Plasmas 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0191934.

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We use the 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code M3D-C1 [Jardin et al., Comput. Sci. Discovery 5, 014002 (2012)] to examine the MHD stability and subsequent evolution of NSTX shot 129169. This discharge had a period with a non-monotonic safety factor profile, q (reversed shear), which was terminated by a MHD event that abruptly lowered the central safety factor, q0, and greatly reduced the peakedness of the pressure profile. We show that the equilibrium just before the MHD event occurred was linearly unstable to many pressure-driven infernal modes. Modes with toroidal mode number n≥3 all had rational surfaces very close to the minimum value of q. However, a non-resonant pressure-driven (1, 1) mode was also present, and this dominated the nonlinear evolution. The final state in the simulation, after the MHD activity subsided, had a reduced and flattened pressure profile and a nearly monotonic q-profile, in qualitative agreement with experimental results. The initial state was also unstable to the resistive interchange criteria in the reversed-shear region, but the final state was stable everywhere. The “double tearing mode” (DTM) does not appear to play a role in the MHD activity of this discharge. In Appendix A, we show that in a torus, the DTM is strongly stabilized by pressure, but it is destabilized in cylindrical geometry (which has been the most extensively analyzed in the literature).

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McClenaghan, Joseph, Brendan C. Lyons, Charlson C. Kim, Cihan Akcay, Nicholas W. Eidietis, Lang L. Lao, Ryan Sweeney, et al. "MHD modeling of shattered pellet injection in JET." Nuclear Fusion, April 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/accbd3.

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Abstract Nonlinear 3D MHD simulations of shattered-pellet injection (SPI) in JET show prototypical SPI-driven disruptions using the M3D-C1 and NIMROD extended-MHD codes. Initially, radiation-driventhermal quenches are accelerated by MHD activity as the pellet crosses rational surfaces, leading to aradiation spike, global stochasticization of the magnetic field, and a complete thermal quench. Eventually,current quenches, preceded by a current spike are seen as the Ohmic heating becomes equal to theradiative cooling. The results are qualitatively similar for both a single monolithic pellet, pencil-beammodel, and a realistic shatter to represent the SPI plume. A scan in viscosity from 500-2000 m2/s forMHD simulations finds that reducing viscosity increases MHD activity and decreases thermal quench time1slightly. A realistic cloud of fragments modeling shows that mixed-D-Ne pellet travels deeper into theplasma core before the thermal quench. At the slow pellet speeds, the pellet is found to be moving slowlyenough inward that even the 5% neon in the mixed pellet is enough to effectively radiate the thermalenergy available. Radiation toroidal peaking is predicted to be at levels consistent with experimentalobservations and reduced as the pellet travels deeper into the plasma. These simulations lay the groundwork for more-sophisticated validative and predictive modeling of SPI in JET using both M3D-C1 andNIMROD

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"FARADAY MHD GENERATOR." A-to-Z Guide to Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, and Fluids Engineering f (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atoz.f.farmhdgen.

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50

Kleiner, Andreas, N. Ferraro, Gustavo Paganini Canal, Ahmed Diallo, and Rajesh Maingi. "Critical role of current-driven instabilities for ELMs in NSTX." Nuclear Fusion, April 6, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac64b3.

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Abstract The impact of different extended-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) contributions on the stability thresholds of peeling-ballooning modes in ELMing and ELM-free plasmas in the spherical tokamak NSTX is investigated with the initial value code M3D-C1. We show that ELMing discharges in NSTX are limited by resistive current-driven peeling modes, whereas non-ELMing wide-pedestal H-mode discharges are located near the ideal pressure-driven ballooning threshold. It is demonstrated that extended-MHD can lead to more reliable edge stability predictions than existing ideal-MHD models. Resistive peeling-ballooning modes are found to exist well before the ideal stability threshold is met, and kink-peeling modes exhibit considerable sensitivity to plasma resistivity. Other effects not considered in ideal-MHD models affect PB modes in NSTX in a weaker way. Gyroviscous stress appears stabilizing such that the stability boundary lies closer to the experimental point. Equilibrium rotation can suppress ideal core modes and thus isolate edge modes. These results are important for the development of a predictive pedestal model for low-aspect ratio tokamaks.

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