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Journal articles on the topic 'MgO film- Irradiation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Mizushima, Yasuyuki, and Izumi Hirabayashi. "Preparation of YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film by laser-assisted metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using highly volatile fluorocarbon-based Ba source." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 11 (November 1996): 2698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0341.

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Superconducting oxide films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) were produced on magnesia (MgO) single crystalline substrates (100) by laser-assisted metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The highly volatile Ba(hfa)2 · tetraglyme was used as a Ba source metal-organic material. Smoother surface YBCO film was obtained with KrF laser irradiation than without. However, KrF laser irradiation does not lower the temperature for formation of YBCO(123) phase. YBCO film prepared at 750 °C on the MgO substrate showed a Tc(R = 0) of 69 K, and that prepared with KrF laser irradiation was 85 K. When water was added to the reaction chamber, barium fluoride was reduced and the YBCO formation was detected at a temperature of 650 °C and higher. YBCO film prepared at the temperature of 700 °C for 40 min without KrF laser irradiation behaves as a semiconductor, and one prepared with laser irradiation showed a Tc(R = 0) of 78 K.

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2

Tlili, Maher, Chayma Nefzi, Badriyah Alhalaili, Chaker Bouzidi, Lassaad Ajili, Neila Jebbari, Ruxandra Vidu, and Najoua Turki Kamoun. "Synthesis and Characterization of MgO Thin Films Obtained by Spray Technique for Optoelectronic Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113076.

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Magnesium oxide (MgO) thin films with different magnesium concentrations ([Mg2+] = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mol·L−1) in a spray solution have been successfully grown using a spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Maud software, FTIR spectroscopy, a confocal microscope, Wien2k software, spectrophotometry and a Photoluminescence spectrometer were used to investigate the structural, morphological and optical properties. XRD analysis revealed a better crystalline quality of the MgO thin layer synthesized with [Mg2+] = 0.15 mol·L−1, which crystallized into a face-centered cubic structure along the preferred orientation (200) lattice plan. The enhancement of the crystalline quality for the MgO thin film ([Mg2+] = 0.15 mol·L−1) was obtained, which was accompanied by an increment of 94.3 nm of the crystallite size. No secondary phase was detected and the purity phase of the MgO thin film was confirmed using Maud software. From the transmission spectra results, high transparent and antireflective properties of the MgO thin film were observed, with an average transmission value of about 91.48% in the visible range, which can be used as an optical window or buffer layer in solar cell applications. The films also have a high reflectance value in the IR range, which indicates that the highly reflective surface will prevent an increase in surface temperature under solar irradiation, which could be beneficial in solar cell applications. A direct band gap type was estimated using the Tauc relation which is close to the experimental value of 4.0 eV for optimal growth. The MgO material was tested for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), which reached a high photodegradation rate of about 83% after 180 min under sunlight illumination. These experimental trends open a new door for promising the removal of water contaminants for photocatalysis application.

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3

Ushida, Takahisa, Hiroyuki Higa, Kazutoshi Higashiyama, and Izumi Hirabayashi. "Preparation and growth mechanism ofa-axis-oriented YBa2Cu3O7-δ films by laser metal-organic chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 5 (May 1994): 1067–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.1067.

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Recently we have found a very effective method for controlling the orientation of YBCO films by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using uv laser irradiation during deposition onto a MgO(100) substrate. The irradiated part was stronglya-axis-oriented normal to the surface of the substrate for films prepared at 650-700 °C, whereas the unirradiated parts showedc-axis or (110) orientation. This phenomenon occurs not only on MgO(100) substrates but also on other substrates. We obtained aTcabove 81 K on thea-axis oriented part. The critical current density was over 105A/cm2at 4.2 K and O T. The surface morphology depends on the laser power density and the repetition rate. A high degree of thea-axis orientation is obtained only by using uv light during deposition of YBCO film. IR or a visible laser causes only surface melting and the destruction of film orientation. We propose that the nuclei fora-axis orientation are formed by the aggregation of Ba caused by uv laser irradiation near the film surface.

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4

Tsujita, T., T. Nagatomi, and Y. Takai. "Abnormal electron emission from MgO thin film under ion irradiation." Surface and Interface Analysis 37, no. 2 (2005): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1949.

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5

Kim-Ngan, N. T. H., A. G. Balogh, J. D. Meyer, J. Brötz, S. Hummelt, M. Zając, T. Ślęzak, and J. Korecki. "Thermal and irradiation induced interdiffusion in Fe3O4/MgO(001) thin film." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 267, no. 8-9 (May 2009): 1484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.01.073.

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6

Bennett, Steven P., Samuel W. LaGasse, Marc Currie, Olaf Van’t Erve, Joseph C. Prestigiacomo, Cory D. Cress, and Syed B. Qadri. "N+ Irradiation and Substrate-Induced Variability in the Metamagnetic Phase Transition of FeRh Films." Coatings 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060661.

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Metamagnetic FeRh has been the focus of numerous studies for its highly unique antiferromagnetic (AF) to ferromagnetic (FM) metamagnetic transition. While this phase transition usually occurs above room temperature (often Tc > 400 K), both ion irradiation and strained epitaxial growth have been used to bring it to applicable temperatures. Nevertheless, cross sample variability is pervasive in these studies. Here we explore the optical and magnetic properties of 35 nm thick FeRh grown by magnetron sputter deposition simultaneously on two different single crystal substrates: epitaxially on MgO (001) and highly strained with large lattice mismatch on Al2O3 (1000). We then irradiate the epitaxial film with 5 keV N+ ions to introduce disorder (and to a lesser extent, modify chemical composition) without effecting the surface morphology. We find that the phase-transitional properties of both films are strikingly different due to the large lattice mismatch, despite being grown in tandem with nominally identical growth conditions including Fe/Rh stoichiometry, pressure, and temperature. We observe that N+ implantation lowers Tc by ~60 K, yielding a sample with nominally the same transition temperature as the non-epitaxial film on sapphire, yet with a significantly increased magnetic moment, a larger magnetization change and a more abrupt transition profile. We attribute these differences to the Volmer-Weber type growth mode induced by the sapphire substrate and the resulting rougher surface morphology.

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7

Jannah, A. N., S. A. Halim, and H. Abdullah. "Surface Morphology Studies on Laser Irradiated Target and Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 995 (June 2020): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.995.89.

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In this study, pulsed laser deposition technique was used to deposit bismuth plumbum strontium calcium copper oxide {Bi (Pb)SrCaCu0} thin films on MgO single crystal substrate. Solid state procedure which is inexpensive technique used in the production process of the Bi (Pb)SrCaCu0 superconductor bulk sample. In this work, Handy YAG Lasers (model: HYL 101 E) has been used. It is a high power class 4 solid state (ND: YAG) Q-switched pulsed laser and 532 nm (visible green: second harmonic) has been used to ablate the films. The substrate used in this work was single crystal MgO with the (100) orientation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of fracture surface and cross section of thin film materials. Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (LEO-VPSEM) was used to study the correlation between the microstructure features. SEM studies have shown that the surface morphology of the bulk sample comprises platelets of average size ≈10μm with uniform and homogenous microstructure. The typical morphology of the as deposited films showed a continuous phase, granular structure, which spherical particles up to 5μm in diameter. The most prominent types of particulates BPSCCO films on MgO substrate are droplets with smooth surface, bigger droplets with granular surface, spherically-shaped features confined by randomly oriented facets, submicron rod-like features, Cu-enriched needles, platelets, irregularly-shaped Cu-rich outgrowths, strongly Cu-enriched tabular outgrowths, big target fragments, island growth structure, cubic and rectangular cubic structures. SEM analysis also showed that the deposition time have a pronounced influence on the particle size. The target morphology, which develops under laser-irradiation, depends on the laser fluence and the technique, by which the laser beam is moved relatively to the target during ablation. Laser-irradiated surfaces normally become altered both physically and chemically and morphological changes take the form of periodic structures such as ripples and ridges.

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8

Nagatomi, T., T. Kuwayama, Y. Takai, K. Yoshino, Y. Morita, M. Kitagawa, and M. Nishitani. "Application of ion scattering spectroscopy to measurement of surface potential of MgO thin film under ion irradiation." Applied Physics Letters 92, no. 8 (February 25, 2008): 084104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2888957.

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9

Du, J. L., Y. H. Qiu, J. Zhang, J. C. Huang, Z. M. Wu, X. F. Zhang, Y. H. Wang, et al. "The alleviation of radiation-damage on Nb/MgO film driven by strain gradient in He ion irradiation." Applied Surface Science 465 (January 2019): 1014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.174.

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10

Yu, Hak Ki, Woong-Kwon Kim, Eung Chul Park, Jae Sung Kim, Bon-Woong Koo, Young-Woon Kim, Jae Hwa Ryu, and Jong-Lam Lee. "Enhanced Secondary Electron Emission in Nanoscale Thin Metal Containing MgO Film: Laser Irradiation on Creation of F Centers." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115, no. 36 (August 22, 2011): 17910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp205759s.

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11

Han, X. G., J. F. Lv, Y. Z. Chen, Y. C. Shan, and J. J. Xu. "Influence of irradiation intensity on corrosion properties of microarc oxidation film on AZ31 magnesium alloy with HIPIB." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-10-2018-2007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) intensity on the structure and corrosive properties of microarc oxidation (MAO) films on AZ31 magnesium alloy and explore the mechanism for modified anti-corrosion properties of irradiated films. Design/methodology/approach The energy deposited on the coating surface influences the remelting process of the MAO coatings significantly, which was closely related to the intensity of HIPIB; therefore, HIPIB with various intensities of 100-350 A/cm2, was selected to modify the MAO films on AZ31 magnesium alloy. The changes in film structure and phase structure of modified films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) with CuKα, respectively. The corrosive behavior of the MAO films was featured with polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectrum in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution on a PAR 2273 electrochemical workstation. Findings The results clearly show that a dense, continual and remelted layer with a few micrometers in thickness was obtained on the irradiated surface at 200 A/cm2, which are mainly responsible for the modified and optimal anti-corrosion property of MAO films by suppressing/retarding the process of the corrosive electrolyte infiltration into magnesium substrate surface. Originality/value The paper reveals that HIPIB irradiation could modify the corrosion resistance by producing a remelted compact layer on the MAO film surface at a suitable irradiation parameter and explored the modified mechanism of MAO films.

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12

KANASHIMA, TAKESHI, MASANORI OKUYAMA, HIROAKI OKAMOTO, KIMINORI HATTORI, HARUHIKO OHASHI, and EIJI ISHIGURO. "BURST REACTION OF THIN FILMS EXCITED BY HIGH-FLUX SOFT X-RAYS." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 01 (February 2002): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02002385.

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High-flux soft-X-ray irradiation effects were investigated for the thick a-Si:H and μc-Si:H films, glass, MgF 2 and CaF 2 plates. The a-Si:H film of 7500 nm thickness has been burst, and its broken fragments flew off within several seconds. From the changes of Raman spectra before and after the irradiation and the film thickness dependence, it is thought that this is caused by rapid crystallization. SR-induced etching of glass, MgF 2 and CaF 2 plates has been observed. Photon energy dependence of the etching depth has been found. Exciting the Si K-shell is effective for etching the glass substrate. On the other hand, photon flux is important in the case of fluoride, and the maximum etching rate of CaF 2 is more than 1 μm/min.

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13

Mohammed et al., Ahmed. "Studying the Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared on the Surface of Poly Methyl Methacrylate." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 2(SI) (June 22, 2020): 0642. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.2(si).0642.

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In this paper, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPS) have been prepared and characterized and its concentration effect has been studied on polymers surface (MgO NPS). The results showed that the degradation of poly methyl methacrylate increased when using such metal oxide. The results also showed that the metal oxide increased the degradation of poly methyl methacrylate. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy were used to study the morphological characteristics and size of nano MgO particles analysis. Films were prepared by mixing the different masses of MgO NPS (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4) % with a polymer solution ratio (W/V) 7 %. Photo- degradation rate was monitored irradiation’s time by measuring the incident frequency of the index value of the hydroxyl coefficient of growth (IOH) at fixed film thickness and constant concentration. Spectrophotometry (IR, and UV. Visible) techniques were used to determine the change in the intensity of the spectrum bundles.

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14

Ayed, Rihab Ben, Mejda Ajili, Yolanda Piñeiro, Badriyah Alhalaili, José Rivas, Ruxandra Vidu, Salah Kouass, and Najoua Kamoun Turki. "Effect of Mg Doping on the Physical Properties of Fe2O3 Thin Films for Photocatalytic Devices." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071179.

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Undoped and Mg-doped (y = [Mg2+]/[Fe3+] = 1, 2, 3, and 4 at.%) Fe2O3 thin films were synthesized by a simple spray pyrolysis technique. The thin films were extensively characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the successful insertion of Mg in the rhombohedral structure of Fe2O3. In addition, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and confocal microscope (CM) images showed a homogenous texture of the film, which was free of defects. The rough surface of the film obtained by spray pyrolysis is an important feature for photocatalysis and gas sensor applications. The direct band gap of the doped Fe2O3 films obtained for [Mg2+]/[Fe3+] = 3 at.% was Edir = 2.20 eV, which recommends the Mg-doped iron oxide as an optical window or buffer layer in solar cell devices. The photodegradation performance of Mg-doped Fe2O3 was assessed by studying the removal of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation, with an effective removal efficiency of 90% within 180 min. The excellent photodegradation activity was attributed to the strong absorption of Mg-doped Fe2O3 in the UV and most of the visible light, and to the effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers.

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15

Kim-Ngan, N.-T. H., A. Mackova, and P. Malinsky. "1 MeV Au⁺ ion modification of Fe₃O₄-based epitaxial films." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 13, no. 3 (August 18, 2022): 035009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ac8796.

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Abstract The effect of 1 MeV Au+ ion irradiations on the layer stability of the Fe3O4-based films grown epitaxially on MgO(001) substrates was investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and RBS-Channelling (RBS-C). The ion mixing effect leads to an appearance of the additional FeO x layer and a large enlargement of the thickness of the mixed (Fe,Mg,O) layer in the interfaces. Au+ ions were found to be implanted deeply in the MgO substrate. RBS-C experiments have confirmed that the heavy metallic ion irradiations induce a disorder in the crystalline lattice.

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16

Ahrens, Valentin, Luca Gnoli, Domenico Giuliano, Simon Mendisch, Martina Kiechle, Fabrizio Riente, and Markus Becherer. "Skyrmion velocities in FIB irradiated W/CoFeB/MgO thin films." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000287.

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In recent years magnetic skyrmions attracted great attention for the possibility to move them with low current density, their intrinsic stability and their robustness against defects and edge roughness compared to other magnetic textures. For applications, it is very important to be able to influence the behaviour of skyrmions locally. In this article, we present an evaluation on the effects of FIB Ga+ irradiation on skyrmion motion in W/CoFeB/MgO thin films. The influence of FIB irradiation is evaluated both, in terms of modification of the skyrmion Hall angle and the skyrmion velocity. An overview of the effects of the pulsing parameters on the skyrmion motion, shows low influence of the pulses rise-time and an external magnetic field. In addition the analysis after the irradiation shows that it influences notably the dynamics of skyrmions. In the irradiated zone the speed and angle of motion of these magnetic textures are strongly reduced.

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17

Fogarassy, E., C. Fuchs, F. Kerherve, G. Hauchecorne, and J. Perrière. "Laser-induced forward transfer: A new approach for the deposition of high Tc superconducting thin films." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 5 (October 1989): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.1082.

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We propose in this work a new approach, named laser-induced forward transfer, for the rapid deposition and patterning in a clean environment of high Tc superconducting thin films. A stoichiometric high Tc compound is initially deposited in a thin layer on an optically transparent support by laser evaporation or another more conventional technique. By irradiating under vacuum or in air the precoated layer with a strongly absorbed single laser pulse through the transparent support, we are able to remove the film from its support to be transferred onto a selected target substrate, held in contact to the original film. Using this technique, we have successfully transferred with one single pulse, provided by an excimer or a Nd:YAG laser, YBaCuO and BiSrCaCuO precoated thin films on various substrates. The Rutherford backscattering spectrometry experiments do not show any strong modification in the composition of the transferred layer against the source material, and the superconducting phases for the two types of compounds were obtained after subsequent thermal annealing carried out in a furnace around 850–900 °C in O2. For the BiSrCaCuO films transferred onto MgO substrates, we have measured an onset critical temperature of about 90 K with a zero resistance at 80 K.

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18

Han, X. G., P. Li, X. P. Zhu, and M. K. Lei. "Corrosion Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy with Microarc Oxidation Film Irradiated by High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.460.

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The microarc oxidation (MAO) films on AZ31 magnesium alloy were modified by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) at an ion current density of 200 A/cm2 with 1-5 shots. The modified MAO films presented a corrosion resistance superior to that of the original films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed that a sealing layer was formed on the MAO films by HIPIB irradiation. The corrosion behaviors of the MAO films in 3.5 % NaCl solution were characterized by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The noticeable improvement in the corrosion resistance of MAO films is attributed to the blocking effect of the sealing layer that hinders the process of electrolyte penetrating the MAO films to the magnesium alloy.

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19

Jiao, L., A. Chen, M. T. Myers, M. J. General, L. Shao, X. Zhang, and H. Wang. "Enhanced ion irradiation tolerance properties in TiN/MgO nanolayer films." Journal of Nuclear Materials 434, no. 1-3 (March 2013): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.11.034.

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20

Hayashi, Shogo, Naoki Wakiya, Takanori Kiguchi, M. Tanaka, and Kazuo Shinozaki. "Fabrication and Microstructural Change of PMN-PT Thin Films on Si Substrates by PLD with Mask and Double-Pulse Lazer Excitation." Key Engineering Materials 350 (October 2007): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.350.111.

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Epitaxial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) thin films were fabricated on (La,Sr)CoO3/CeO2/ YSZ coated Si substrates by double-pulse excitation PLD with and without a mask. For double-pulse excitation PLD without a mask in conditions of Nd:YAG laser irradiation before defocused KrF-excimer-laser irradiation, the surface roughness of PMN-PT thin films was rather less than that of the films fabricated using Nd:YAG single laser PLD. Thin films with smoother surfaces were deposited at the high deposition rate of 5.6 nm·min-1 using the mask and the double-pulse excitation PLD method in conditions of irradiation of Nd:YAG laser after KrF excimer laser at 0.5 =s delays.

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21

Devolder, T., I. Barisic, S. Eimer, K. Garcia, J. P. Adam, B. Ockert, and D. Ravelosona. "Irradiation-induced tailoring of the magnetism of CoFeB/MgO ultrathin films." Journal of Applied Physics 113, no. 20 (May 28, 2013): 203912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4808102.

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22

Toyoda, Noriaki. "Surface Smoothing Effects of Materials Used in Underlayer of MTJ with Gas Cluster Ion Beams." MRS Advances 1, no. 5 (2016): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.80.

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ABSTRACTSurface smoothing of Ru used as underlayer of magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJ) in magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) was carried out with gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) in order to improve device characteristics. For Ru films, surface smoothing with 5 kV N2-GCIB irradiation was effective, and CoFe films deposited on smoothed Ru surface also showed smooth surface. From the hysteresis loop measurements of MTJ formed on smoothed Ru with N2-GCIB, it showed improvement of inter-layer coupling magnetic field (Hin) with decreasing the surface roughness of underlayer Ru. It is expected that surface roughness of MgO in MTJ was also improved by smoothing of underlayer Ru with N2-GCIB.

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23

Lu, Zhiqing, Hao Ni, Jianfeng Xi, Xiaoming Li, and Kun Zhao. "Picosecond Photovoltaic Response in Tilted Lanthanum Doped Manganite Films." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/436910.

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Anisotropic picosecond photovoltaic responses were observed in lanthanum doped manganiteLaxCa1-xMnO3(x=0.67and 0.4) thin films, which were deposited on miscut LaSrAlO4substrates under ultraviolet pulsed laser irradiation without external bias. The 10%–90% rise time and the full width at half maximum of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3were 470 and 585 ps, respectively, and those of La0.4Ca0.6MnO3were 220 and 515 ps. The photovoltage sensitivities of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3and La0.4Ca0.6MnO3, which are sensitive to the concentrations of lanthanum of the samples, are 0.28 V/mJ and 3.47 V/mJ, respectively. The photosensitivity in the films deposited on MgO is higher than that in those deposited on LaSrAlO4substrates, for it has a big lattice mismatch. These results should open a route for the application of lanthanum doped manganite as an ultrafast photodetector material.

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24

Sahu, Kriti, and De Udayan. "Preventing Firing-Induced Curvature of Thin Oxide Pellets - for Ion Irradiation Experiments." Material Science Research India 14, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/140203.

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To investigate radiation damage in bulk II-VI oxides with electronic and optical applications, 50 to 55 MeV Li ion beam from the Pelletron at IUAC, New Delhi, is suitable, and has been available. Maximum sample thickness that prevents undesirable ion implantation turns out, from TRIM calculation, to be ~ 200 µm for CdO & ZnO, and 400 to 450 µm for MgO. The need and difficulty of making such ultrathin ceramic samples (as desirable for radiation damage without implantation) are addressed first. Films, easily fulfilling the low thickness requirement, have properties different from the bulk, and are usually on a substrate to complicate the matter. Ultrathin un-fired pellets, in contrast to thick and sturdy pellets, become curved on conventional sintering. Curved pellets are useless for ion irradiation and most other experiments. Qualitative understanding of the curving, its prevention and test of these newly made ultrathin but flat ceramics for swift ion irradiation have been undertaken in this work.

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25

McKernan, Stuart, M. Grant Norton, and C. Barry Carter. "The 45° grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7−δ." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 5 (May 1992): 1052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1052.

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High-angle grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films are of technological interest because of the weak coupling observed between the grains; however, not all high-angle grain boundaries show this weak-link behavior. The microstructure of both these boundaries is not understood, nor is the reason for the differing electrical transport properties. High-angle grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films on MgO, where the angular misorientation between the grains is ∼45°, have been examined using high-resolution electron microscopy. The results show that the boundary structure can appear quite different even when the angular misorientation between the two grains is the same. The stability of the grain boundaries under the electron irradiation in the electron microscope was found to be a function of the accelerating voltage—400 kV leads to rapid disordering of the boundary region.

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26

Mao, Na, and Jia-Xing Jiang. "MgO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites as efficient water splitting photocatalysts under visible light irradiation." Applied Surface Science 476 (May 2019): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.049.

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27

Boughariou, A., A. Kallel, and G. Blaise. "Study of the charge kinetics of MgO (110) subjected to high energy electron irradiation." Applied Surface Science 313 (September 2014): 736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.06.063.

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28

Chen, Jinsong, Jinhua Xiong, Yujie Song, Yan Yu, and Ling Wu. "Synthesis of nitrosobenzene via photocatalytic oxidation of aniline over MgO/TiO2 under visible light irradiation." Applied Surface Science 440 (May 2018): 1269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.228.

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29

Richter, A., B. Wolf, M. Nowicki, R. Smith, I. O. Usov, J. A. Valdez, and K. Sickafus. "Multi-cycling nanoindentation in MgO single crystals before and after ion irradiation." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 39, no. 15 (July 21, 2006): 3342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/39/15/018.

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30

Berger, S. D., J. M. Macaulay, and L. M. Brown. "Electron-beam patterning of materials with nanometer resolution." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 790–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177088.

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It was first reported in 1978 that intense electron irradiation of thin films of NaCl leads to the formation of holes with a diameter of the order of the probe. Since that time the same phenomena has been observed in a variety of materials, typical examples being AlF3, MgO and Al2O3. Quantitative and qualitative descriptions of the damage have been given by a number of workers in an attempt to understand the underlying mechanisms. While groups of chemically or structurally similar materials often show the same general sequence of events in the hole formation process, it is a common observation that polymorphs or different preparation techniques result in very different behavior, Furthermore, examples of hole formation have been given which appear to show characteristics specific to that material system.In an effort to gain insight into the hole formation process we decided to concentrate on a set of observations which are reasonably common.

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31

Inayoshi, Muneto, Mineo Hiramatsu, Yoshiaki Sugiura, Hideaki Kawamura, and Masahito Nawata. "Crystal orientation control of YBa2Cu3Oy thin films on MgO prepared by excimer laser ablation with CO2 laser irradiation." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 13, no. 2 (March 1995): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.579407.

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32

Lee, Jung Min, Soon-Gil Jung, Yoonseok Han, Tae-Ho Park, Jaekyung Jang, Hye-ran Jeon, Sunmog Yeo, Han-Yong Choi, Tuson Park, and Won Nam Kang. "Influence of disorder strength on the superconducting mechanism of MgB₂." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 1 (November 25, 2021): 015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac392a.

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Abstract We investigate the effect of disorder on the superconducting mechanism of MgB2 thin films using low-energy ion irradiation. The c-axis lattice constant and T c of MgB2 thin films change systematically as the magnitude of disorder, which corresponds to the value of average displacements per atom (dpa avg), increases. Here, dpa avg is controlled by the amount of irradiated ions. The dpa avg dependence of the electron–phonon coupling constants (λ) is estimated using the McMillan equation. For dpa avg ⩽ 0.049, λ is linearly proportional to dpa avg. On the other hand, for dpa avg > 0.049, the T c of the disordered MgB2 deviates from the linear fitting curve, and insulating behavior is observed in the normal state resistivity. These results indicate that the superconducting mechanism of MgB2 can be changed by the electronic system caused by disorder strength affecting the electron–phonon coupling constant λ.

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33

Ogiso, Hisato, and Shizuka Nakano. "Effects of X-ray irradiation on optical property and defect relaxation in MeV ion-implanted MgO." Surface and Coatings Technology 196, no. 1-3 (June 2005): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.078.

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34

Karlušić, M., R. A. Rymzhanov, J. H. O'Connell, L. Bröckers, K. Tomić Luketić, Z. Siketić, S. Fazinić, et al. "Mechanisms of surface nanostructuring of Al2O3 and MgO by grazing incidence irradiation with swift heavy ions." Surfaces and Interfaces 27 (December 2021): 101508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101508.

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35

Kim, Youngho, Noeul Kim, Tae Soo Kim, Geun Jun Park, Yongil Kwon, and Hak Ki Yu. "Mg(OH)2 nano-sheet decorated MgO micro-beams by electron beam irradiation for thermochemical heat storage." Ceramics International 45, no. 15 (October 2019): 18908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.06.126.

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36

Krupska, Magdalena, Nhu-Tarnawska Hoa Kim-Ngan, Adam Georg Balogh, Petr Malinský, and Anna Macková. "1 MeV Ar+ and Kr+ ion irradiation induced intermixing in single- and bi-layer Fe3O4 films grown on MgO(001) single crystals." Surface and Coatings Technology 355 (December 2018): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.05.058.

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37

Hultman, L., S. A. Barnett, J. E. Sundgren, and J. E. Greene. "Growth of epitaxial TiN films deposited on MgO(100) by reactive magnetron sputtering: The role of low-energy ion irradiation during deposition." Journal of Crystal Growth 92, no. 3-4 (October 1988): 639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(88)90048-6.

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38

Zhang, Shimeng, Junqing Xiahou, Xudong Sun, and Qi Zhu. "Incorporation of Mg2+/Si4+ in ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ to Generate Remarkably Improved Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence." Coatings 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091239.

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Near-infrared emitting nano-sized particles of ZnGa2−x(Mg/Si)xO4:Cr3+ (x = 0–0.15, termed as ZGMSO:Cr3+) with persistent luminescence were prepared by sol-gel processing followed by calcination. The samples were tested by XRD, TEM, STEM, SAED, Raman, XPS, UV-Vis-NIR, TL, PLE/PL spectroscopy, and persistent luminescence decay analysis. Equimolar incorporation of Mg2+ and Si4+ ions did not change the spindle structure of ZnGa2O4 seriously. Most Mg2+ ions are more likely to occupy the sites in octahedron, but Si4+ ions are more likely to occupy the sites in tetrahedron in priority. A broader bandgap, up shift of conduction band minimum, and more anti-defects were found at a higher Mg2+/Si4+ doping concentration. ZGMSO:Cr3+ outputs near-infrared emission with a dominated band at 694 nm (2E → 4A2 transition of Cr3+), which can last longer than 48 h after the stoppage of UV irradiation. Mg2+/Si4+ doping contributes to a better near-infrared persistent luminescence, and the strongest and the longest NIR afterglow was observed at x = 0.05, owing to that the x = 0.05 sample has the deepest defects. The synthesized nanoparticles of ZGMSO:Cr3+ not only output intense NIR afterglow but also can be recharged by the red light of LED several times, indicating that they are the potential nano probes for bio imaging in living animals.

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39

Yeh, Chung-Wei, Kee-Rong Wu, Chung-Hsuang Hung, Hao-Cheng Chang, and Chuan-Jen Hsu. "Preparation of Porous F-WO3/TiO2Films with Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity by Microarc Oxidation." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/285129.

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Porous F-WO3/TiO2(mTiO2) films are prepared on titanium sheet substrates using microarc oxidation (MAO) technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that visible-light (Vis) enabling mTiO2films with a very high content of anatase TiO2and high loading of WO3are successfully synthesized at a low applied voltage of 300 V using electrolyte contenting NaF and Na2WO4without subsequent heat treatment. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy micrograph reveals that the mTiO2films feature porous networks connected by many micron pores. The diffused reflection spectrum displays broad absorbance across the UV-Vis regions and a significant red shift in the band gap energy (∼2.23 eV) for the mTiO2film. Owing to the high specific surface area from the porous microstructure, the mTiO2film shows a 61% and 50% rate increase in the photocatalytic dye degradation, as compared with the N,C-codoped TiO2films under UV and Vis irradiation, respectively.

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Kim, Iee-Gon, Hong-Gyu Park, Jae-Jun Han, Jeong-Min Han, and Dae-Shik Seo. "Application of Magnesium Fluoride $(\hbox{MgF}_{2})$ Thin Films for Liquid Crystal Alignment Using Ion-Beam Irradiation." IEEE Electron Device Letters 34, no. 2 (February 2013): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2012.2230608.

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41

Kim-Ngan, N.-T. H., M. Krupska, A. G. Balogh, P. Malinsky, and A. Mackova. "High surface stability of magnetite on bi-layer Fe 3 O 4 /Fe/MgO(0 0 1) films under 1 MeV Kr + ion irradiation." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (August 29, 2017): 045005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6254/aa84e2.

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42

El-Fadl, A. Abu, G. A. Mohamad, and T. Yamazaki. "Variation of the absorption spectra and optical energy gap with γ-ray irradiation and heat treatment in SbNbO4 films deposited on MgO and quartz substrates." Materials Chemistry and Physics 80, no. 1 (April 2003): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-0584(02)00464-9.

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43

Yustanti, Erlina, Alfian Noviyanto, Laila Chusnul Chotimah, Muhamad Abdur Rais Saputra, Maulana Randa, and Maykel Manawan. "Increased Electromagnetic Wave Absorption through Controlled Sonication Processing on BaFe11.2Mg0.4Al0.4O19 Nanoparticles." Coatings 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091367.

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Electromagnetic waves show rapid development in electronics, telecommunications, and the military. One of the efforts to overcome the effects of electromagnetic interference is by developing microwave-absorbing materials. Barium hexaferrite is the best candidate for development as an absorber material. Microwave absorption in barium hexaferrite can be increased through Mg-Al doping and reducing the particle size. This study aimed to analyze sonication parameters to reduce the particle size by combining destruction methods using mechanical alloying followed by high-power ultrasonic irradiation. Barium hexaferrite was synthesized through mechanical alloying by mixing stoichiometric BaCO3, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and MgO (Sigma-Aldrich p.a 99%) (Mg-Al 0.4%wt). The samples continued the sintering process at 1200 °C for 2 h to grow crystal embryos. The optimal parameters for ultrasonic destruction were using a transducer:reactor diameter ratio of 1:10, a particle density of 5 g/250 mL, and adding a non-ionic surfactant of 0.01% at an amplitude of 55% and a sonication time of 8 h. These methods resulted in the saturation magnetization of 18.50 emu/g and a coercivity of 0.08 Tesla. The reduction in the particle size of BHF doped with Mg-Al was successfully up to 21 nm, resulting in a reflection loss of up to −40.8697 dB at 11.896 GHz (x-band, 8–12 GHz). The BHF nanoparticles doped with Mg-Al effectively absorbed up to 99.99% electromagnetic waves.

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44

Lee, Taeyoon, H. Seo, H. Hwang, B. Howe, S. Kodambaka, J. E. Greene, and I. Petrov. "Fully strained low-temperature epitaxy of TiN/MgO(001) layers using high-flux, low-energy ion irradiation during reactive magnetron sputter deposition." Thin Solid Films 518, no. 18 (July 2010): 5169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.04.028.

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45

Belhaj, M., T. Tondu, and V. Inguimbert. "Experimental investigation of the effect of the internal space charge accumulation on the electron emission yield of insulators submitted to e-irradiation: application to polycrystalline MgO." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 42, no. 14 (June 29, 2009): 145306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/14/145306.

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46

Jung, Soon‐Gil, Seung‐Ku Son, Duong Pham, Weon Cheol Lim, Jonghan Song, Won Nam Kang, and Tuson Park. "Corrigendum: Influence of carbon‐ion irradiation on the superconducting critical properties of MgB₂ thin films (2019 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 025006)." Superconductor Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (October 27, 2021): 129501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac2f03.

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47

Morimoto, Yasuhiko, Yoshikazu Tanaka, and Ari Ide-Ektessabi. "Investigation of effects of ion beam irradiation on properties of magnesium oxide films." MRS Proceedings 908 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0908-oo14-03.

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AbstractMagnesium oxide (MgO) film is commonly used as protecting layer for alternative current plasma display panels (AC-PDPs). Low energy ion induced secondary electron emission coefficient (γ) is one of the important factors to improve performance of AC-PDPs. The aim of this study is to prepare MgO films with high γ using ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). The film composition, density, and crystal orientation were also investigated. The results suggest that MgO films with high γ can be obtained using IBAD. On the other hand, as the assisted ion beam energy increased to more than 500eV during deposition, (200)-oriented film with low γ grew preferentially and then the γ decreased.

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48

Fathy, D., O. W. Holland, R. Liu, J. Wosik, and W. K. Chu. "Application of Cluster Ion Beam Smoothing to SiC and YBCO Surfaces." MRS Proceedings 585 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-585-313.

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AbstractOptimization of the surface topography, especially in high-temperature superconductors (HTS) and silicon carbide is crucial for device processing. Surface smoothing in these materials was investigated using Gas Cluster Ion Beams (GCIB) capable of delivering cluster ions of ≥ 2000 Ar atoms with energies of up to 30keV. Examination of the surface topography after cluster-ion irradiation was done using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that typical as-deposited YBCO films on MgO substrates have an average roughness of the order of 40 nm, and interpeak distance between 300–600 nm. Application of GCIB to the surface planarization reduces the roughness to only 10 nm. Also power handling and microwave surface resistance of the YBCO film and its relationship to surface smoothness are reported. Similar observations using bulk SiC are discussed.

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49

"In situ measurement of surface potential developed on MgO thin film surface under ion irradiation using ion scattering spectroscopy." Journal of Applied Physics 106, no. 10 (November 15, 2009): 104912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3259428.

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50

Kanki, Teruo, Toshio Kawahara, Naoki Asakawa, Yasushi Hotta, Yoshikazu Terai, Yasufumi Fujiwara, Hitoshi Tabata, and Tomoji Kawai. "Epitaxial Growth of Spinel Ferrite Oxide (Al,Ru,Fe)3O4 on a GaAs(001) Substrate Using a MgO Buffer Layer." MRS Proceedings 1034 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1034-k03-41.

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AbstractSpinel ferrite oxides doping non-magnetic ions show the photo-induced magnetization (PIM) effect at high temperature [1-3]. Such a magnetization enhancement by light irradiation is a unique property in this material. In order effectively to use the PIM effect and precisely to control the magnetism, direct light-emission from light-emitting element substrates would be a useful technique. In this study, spinel ferrite Al0.2Ru0.8Fe2O4 (ARFO) thin films, with the high temperature PIM effect, were prepared on GaAs(001) substrates by a pulsed laser deposition technique to aim integration with light-emitting devices based on GaAs lattice-matched materials in the future. Results showed that (001)-oriented ARFO thin films were successfully grown by using MgO buffer layers. The magnetic properties were approximately the same as ARFO films using other substrates such as Al2O3(0001) or MgO(001).

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