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Zaveri, Mehul, and Neha Kawathekar. "SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW 3-PHENYL-2-THIOXOTHIAZOLIDIN-4-ONE DERIVATIVES." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017.v9i3.18897.
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Objective: Current therapies to treat P. falciparum malaria are heavily reliant on artemisinin-based combinations. However, resistance to artemisinin has recently been identified, and resistance to key artemisinin partner drugs is already widespread. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antimalarial drugs with improved attributes over older therapies. The objective of this research work is to synthesize new antimalarial agents more effective against clinically relevant malarial strains.Methods: In present work, a series of ten 3-phenyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (MF1-MF10) derivatives, were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of N-phenyl rhodanine (I1) with substituted aromatic or hetro aromatic aldehydes using microwave irradiation. N-phenyl rhodanine (I1) was synthesized by a conventional reaction involving methyl-2-mercaptoacetate (1) and phenyl Isothiocyanates in presence of triethylamine. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for in-vitro antimalarial activity by microdilution technique against resistance strains of Plasmodium falciparum.Results: The antimalarial activity data showed that six compounds (MF1, MF3, MF4, MF5, MF7 and MF8) exhibited IC50 values ranging from 1.0-1.30 µg/ml, three compounds (MF2, MF6 and MF10) displayed IC50 values in the range of 0.9-1.0 µg/ml. Compound MF9 showed most significant result with maximum activity (IC50 = 0.85µg/ml).Conclusion: The antimalarial activity results revealed that compound MF9 possess potent activity and could be identified as a promising lead for further investigation.
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SOUSA, Elane Sampaio de, Roberto Cesar De Mendonça BARBOSA, and Isaac Daniel RUDNITZKI. "Microfácies de carbonatos pensilvanianos da Formação Itaituba (Grupo Tapajós) no norte da Bacia do Amazonas, Urucará (AM)." Pesquisas em Geociências 48, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): e092531. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.92531.
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A aplicação de técnicas microfaciológicas em exposições de carbonatos da Formação Itaituba (Grupo Tapajós), situados na borda norte da Bacia do Amazonas, permitiu contribuir na reconstituição paleogeográfica do Pensilvaniano da bacia, uma vez que as principais interpretações da unidade são baseadas em dados da borda sul devido a facilidade logística de acesso em condições amazônicas. A análise microfaciológica em 80 seções delgadas de uma sucessão carbonática de aproximadamente 30 m permitiu a individualização de 10 microfácies (MF): Mudstone recristalizado (MF1), Mudstone/wackestone com intraclastos (MF2), Mudstone/ wackestone com terrígenos (MF3), Dolomudstone/wackestone (MF4), Dolowackestone/ packstone com peloides (MF5), Wackestone/packstone bioclástico com foraminíferos (MF6), Packstone/grainstone oolítico (MF7), Grainstone com peloides (MF8), Grainstone com ooides rescristalizados (MF9) e Grainstone bioclástico (MF10). As microfácies foram agrupadas em 4 zonas faciológicas que remetem a instalação de uma plataforma carbonática com amplas planícies de marés com precipitação carbonática e evaporítica (sabkha), lagunas com circulação restrita e barras oolíticas/bioclásticas. Espessos depósitos interpretados como sabkha sugerem condições mais evaporíticas da plataforma carbonática quando comparados com exposições da borda sul da bacia. Os dados levantados nessa pesquisa, possuem caráter inédito e reforçam interpretações paleoambientais anteriores para a borda sul e auxiliam no refinamento da reconstrução das condições paleogeográficas da Formação Itaituba.
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Faye-Petersen, Ona, Adrienne Sauder, Ydamis Estrella, and Debra S. Heller. "Dichorionic Twins Discordant for Massive Perivillous Fibrinoid Deposition: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 26, no. 1 (July 9, 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896917720029.
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Massive perivillous fibrinoid deposition (MFD) and maternal floor infarction (MFI) are lesions of unknown etiology associated with poor perinatal outcomes, including fetal intrauterine growth restriction and neurodevelopmental injury, high risks of pregnancy loss, and recurrence in subsequent gestations. MFI comprises massive intervillous fibrinoid deposition concentrated at the maternal floor. MFD is a similar lesion but is diffuse within the parenchyma. MFD/MFI lesions represent a spectrum of severity of cloak-like perivillous fibrinoid deposition, and there is mounting evidence that, often, they represent sequelae of immune-mediated phenomena and/or an imbalance in factors that normally maintain the fluidity of blood in the maternal space. There are only a handful of reported instances of discordant MFD/MFI occurrence in twin placentas. We present a fourth such occurrence in a fused, dichorionic diamniotic twin placenta and submit that our dizygotic twin gestation case provides additional supportive evidence that immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the formation of pathological accumulations of fibrinoid, at least in some cases.
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Friedlander, Rex, Vijay K. Sharma, Sue Ayelet Tiongko, Darshana Dadhania, Prabhakar Putheti, Thangamani Muthukumar, Arvind K. Menon, and Manikkam Suthanthiran. "P086 MFI, MFI everywhere: Is there a clinically applicable MFI cutpoint anywhere?" Human Immunology 78 (September 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2017.06.146.
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Weber, Martin A., Peter G. J. Nikkels, Karen Hamoen, Johannes J. Duvekot, and Ronald r. de Krijger. "Co-Occurrence of Massive Perivillous Fibrin Deposition and Chronic Intervillositis: Case Report." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 9, no. 3 (May 2006): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2350/06-01-0019.1.
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Chronic intervillositis (CI) and massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MFD), together with its related entity, maternal floor infarction (MFI), are rare and poorly understood placental lesions. Both MFD/MFI and CI are associated with poor fetal outcome and high risk of recurrence. We report a patient who was found to have both MFD and CI in the same placenta, resulting in severe intrauterine fetal growth restriction and intrauterine fetal death at 37 weeks of gestation. Characteristic histological findings included both very extensive perivillous deposition of fibrinoid material and a heavy infiltrate of CD68-positive macrophages/monocytes in the maternal intervillous space. To our knowledge, this is the first time the co-occurrence of MFD and CI is reported in the literature.
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Alireza, Shakeri, Douraghinejad Jalal, and Moradpour Mehran. "Microfacies and sedimentary environments of the late Oligocene-early Miocene Qom Formation of the Gooreh Berenji region (Jandaq area, central Iran)." GeoArabia 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia120441.
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ABSTRACT The late Oligocene-early Miocene Qom Formation in the Central Iran Basin contains oil and gas in the Alborz and Sarajeh fields. Organic geochemical analyses in previous studies indicated that the hydrocarbons migrated from deeper source rocks, likely of Jurassic age. In the Central Iran Basin, the Qom Formation is 1,200 m thick and is bounded by the Oligocene Lower Red Formation and the middle Miocene Upper Red Formation. In previous studies, the Qom Formation was divided into nine members designated from oldest to youngest: a, b, c to c4, d, e and f, of which “e” is 300 m thick and constitutes the main reservoir. Our study focused on a Qom section located in the Gooreh Berenji region of central Iran which is 294 m thick. The lower part of the formation was not deposited, and only the following four members of early Miocene age (Aquitanian and Burdigalian) were identified between the Lower and Upper Red formations: “c2”? (mainly greyish to greenish gypsiferous marls); “d” (thin- to thick-bedded anhydrite with intercalation of thin-bedded sandstone); “e” (argillaceous or sandy limestone); and “f” (fine-grained coral and bryozoan boundstone). In contrast to the Central Iran Basin, the “e” member in Gooreh Berenji is only 15 m thick and does not have a good reservoir potential. A detailed petrographic analysis of the Gooreh Berenji section resulted in the identification of 13 microfacies (MF) that were interpreted in terms of their depositional environments according to the following categories: MF1 (sabkha), MF2 (intertidal river channel), MF3 (lower intertidal), MF4 (peritidal), MF5 (supratidal), MF6 and MF7 (shallow restricted lagoon), MF8 and MF10 (proximal open-marine), MF9 (leeward lagoon), MF11 (shoal), MF12 (reef and patch reef formed within lagoon), and MF13 (open-marine). The Qom Formation constitutes a regional transgressive-regressive sequence that is bounded by two continental units (Lower and Upper Red formations). The transgression started from the south in the late Oligocene and by the early Miocene the sea covered all of central Iran. In the Gooreh Berenji area, carbonate deposition occurred on a shallow-marine ramp. The presence of a wide range of lagoonal facies indicates that reefal facies (“f”) developed in a narrow elongated strip away from the shoreline.
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Kim, Wun-gwi, Xueyi Zhang, Jong Suk Lee, Michael Tsapatsis, and Sankar Nair. "Epitaxially Grown Layered MFI–Bulk MFI Hybrid Zeolitic Materials." ACS Nano 6, no. 11 (October 18, 2012): 9978–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn3036254.
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Nisa, Chaerani. "COMPETITION IN MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science 1, no. 3 (February 19, 2020): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijemss.v1i3.165.
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This research aims to investigate competition in Microfinance Institution (MFI). MFI is an institution that serves unbankable people through increasing access to finance. Though it faces a challenging situation, many organizations interested in investing in MFI, this condition builds a competitive situation among MFI. Meanwhile, MFI offers diversified products to increase their revenue because they are facing a more intense situation. This research uses a literature survey to find out a journey regarding competition in MFI.
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Holland, John. "The “market for information” – functions, problems and policy proposals." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 9, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 263–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-11-2016-0045.
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PurposeProblems arose in the “market for information” (MFI) during the “dot.com” boom, the Enron case, Northern Rock failure and during the great financial crisis (GFC) of 2007-2009. This paper aims to extend the understanding of the MFI through field research and theoretical sources. It also aims to understand the MFI during relatively stable periods and during periods of rapid change, crisis and failure. It seeks to use these insights to propose changes to reduce the possibilities for negative change and problems in the MFI. Design/methodology/approachField studies are used to develop an “empirical narrative” for ongoing MFI structures, processes and outcomes during relatively stable periods. The paper develops a “theoretical narrative” to extend the understanding of the MFI empirical insights. FindingsThe paper reveals that the MFI structure that includes knowledge and social context is central to ongoing MFI economic processes for MFI agents. Outcomes include changes in markets, firms and others. Changes and problems are means to understand interactions between the MFI social structure, knowledge, actions and outcomes as they rendered visible the previously invisible issues. Originality/valueThe paper shows that a coherent combination of new empirical narrative and theoretical narrative is essential to develop a critical stance, new policy prescriptions and new regulations to deal with problems and changes in the MFI. This provides the frame to propose changes in the “world of knowledge” and in (concentrated and elite) social and economic structures in the MFI. It proposes: making explicit shared knowledge in the MFI, monitoring change processes and promoting active formal learning.
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Lee, Jae-Hoon, Changwan Han, Dongsu Ahn, Jin Kyoo Lee, Sang-Hu Park, and Seonghun Park. "Design and Performance Evaluation of a Rotary Magnetorheological Damper for Unmanned Vehicle Suspension Systems." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/894016.
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We designed and validated a rotary magnetorheological (MR) damper with a specified damping torque capacity, an unsaturated magnetic flux density (MFD), and a high magnetic field intensity (MFI) for unmanned vehicle suspension systems. In this study, for the rotary type MR damper to have these satisfactory performances, the roles of the sealing location and the cover case curvature of the MR damper were investigated by using the detailed 3D finite element model to reflect asymmetrical shapes and sealing components. The current study also optimized the damper cover case curvature based on the MFD, the MFI, and the weight of the MR damper components. The damping torques, which were computed using the characteristic equation of the MR fluid and the MFI of the MR damper, were 239.2, 436.95, and 576.78 N·m at currents of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 A, respectively, at a disk rotating speed of 10 RPM. These predicted damping torques satisfied the specified damping torque of 475 N·m at 1.5 A and showed errors of less than 5% when compared to experimental measurements from the MR damper manufactured by the proposed design. The current study could play an important role in improving the performance of rotary type MR dampers.
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Yoshizawa, Atsushi, Hiroto Egawa, Kimiko Yurugi, Rie Hishida, Hiroaki Tsuji, Eiji Ashihara, Aya Miyagawa-Hayashino, et al. "Significance of Semiquantitative Assessment of Preformed Donor-Specific Antibody Using Luminex Single Bead Assay in Living Related Liver Transplantation." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972705.
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Aim. To analyze the risks of preoperatively produced donor-specific antibody (DSA) in liver transplantation.Methods. DSA was assessed using direct complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and anti-human globulin- (AHG-) CDC tests, as well as the Luminex Single Antigen assay. Among 616 patients undergoing blood type identical or compatible living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), 21 patients were positive for CDC or AHG-CDC tests, and the preserved serum from 18 patients was examined to determine targeted Class I and II antigens. The relationships between the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of DSA and the clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the MFI of anti-Class I DSA: high (11 patients with MFI > 10,000), low (2 patients with MFI < 10,000), and negative (5 patients) MFI groups. Six of 11 patients with high Class-I DSA showed positive Class-II DSA. Hospital death occurred in 7 patients of the high MFI group. High MFI was a significant risk factor for mortality (). Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between MFI strength and C4d deposition ().Conclusions. HLA Class I DSA with MFI > 10,000 had a significant negative effect on the clinical outcome of patients with preformed DSA in LDLT.
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Cho, Sung June, Young-Kwon Park, Jong-Ki Jeon, Young Soo Ko, Jin-Heong Yim, and Kyung-Seun Yoo. "Catalytic Decomposition of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Using Pt-Loaded Nanoporous Zeolite MFI Catalyst." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.074.
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Nanoporous zeolite MFI was prepared by using HClO4 as a promoter. A significant proportion of the synthesized zeolite MFI nanoparticles exhibited nanoporous characteristics. Although the synthesis of the zeolite MFI was completed within 6 h, the crystallinity of all the zeolite MFI was shown to be high. The synthesis time of approximately 6 h used in this study was much shorter than the conventional hydrothermal method. The feasibility of the new nanoporous zeolite MFI towards the gas phase catalytic oxidation of a model for dioxin, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, was tested by comparing the catalytic activity of Pt/nanoporous zeolite MFI with that of a Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The catalytic activity of the Pt/nanoporous zeolite MFI was higher than that of the Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The internal surface area and acidity appears to be a major factor for the decomposition of 1,2-dichlorobenzene.
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Peng, Li-Ning, Fei-Yuan Hsiao, Wei-Ju Lee, Shih-Tsung Huang, and Liang-Kung Chen. "Comparisons Between Hypothesis- and Data-Driven Approaches for Multimorbidity Frailty Index: A Machine Learning Approach." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): e16213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16213.
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Background Using big data and the theory of cumulative deficits to develop the multimorbidity frailty index (mFI) has become a widely accepted approach in public health and health care services. However, constructing the mFI using the most critical determinants and stratifying different risk groups with dose-response relationships remain major challenges in clinical practice. Objective This study aimed to develop the mFI by using machine learning methods that select variables based on the optimal fitness of the model. In addition, we aimed to further establish 4 entities of risk using a machine learning approach that would achieve the best distinction between groups and demonstrate the dose-response relationship. Methods In this study, we used Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to develop a machine learning multimorbidity frailty index (ML-mFI) using the theory of cumulative diseases/deficits of an individual older person. Compared to the conventional mFI, in which the selection of diseases/deficits is based on expert opinion, we adopted the random forest method to select the most influential diseases/deficits that predict adverse outcomes for older people. To ensure that the survival curves showed a dose-response relationship with overlap during the follow-up, we developed the distance index and coverage index, which can be used at any time point to classify the ML-mFI of all subjects into the categories of fit, mild frailty, moderate frailty, and severe frailty. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the ability of the ML-mFI to predict adverse outcomes, such as unplanned hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and mortality. Results The final ML-mFI model contained 38 diseases/deficits. Compared with conventional mFI, both indices had similar distribution patterns by age and sex; however, among people aged 65 to 69 years, the mean mFI and ML-mFI were 0.037 (SD 0.048) and 0.0070 (SD 0.0254), respectively. The difference may result from discrepancies in the diseases/deficits selected in the mFI and the ML-mFI. A total of 86,133 subjects aged 65 to 100 years were included in this study and were categorized into 4 groups according to the ML-mFI. Both the Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox models showed that the ML-mFI significantly predicted all outcomes of interest, including all-cause mortality, unplanned hospitalizations, and all-cause ICU admissions at 1, 5, and 8 years of follow-up (P<.01). In particular, a dose-response relationship was revealed between the 4 ML-mFI groups and adverse outcomes. Conclusions The ML-mFI consists of 38 diseases/deficits that can successfully stratify risk groups associated with all-cause mortality, unplanned hospitalizations, and all-cause ICU admissions in older people, which indicates that precise, patient-centered medical care can be a reality in an aging society.
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Liu, Nai Li, and Lei Ma. "Optimized Algorithm for Mining Maximum Frequent Itemsets on Association Rule." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3227.
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Aiming at the weakness of traditional Apriori algorithm, this paper presents MFI algorithm for mining maximum frequent itemsets on association rules. MFI algorithm scans database only once, the algorithm need not produce candidate itemsets, MFI algorithm does not use the method of iteration for each layer, MFI algorithm adopts binary bit and logic operation.The efficiency is distinctly improved in mining maximum frequent itemset.
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Gecaite-Stonciene, Julija, Adomas Bunevicius, Julius Burkauskas, Julija Brozaitiene, Julius Neverauskas, Narseta Mickuviene, and Nijole Kazukauskiene. "Validation of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory with Coronary Artery Disease Patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 8003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218003.
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Background: Fatigue is a common distressing symptom in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) is used for measuring fatigue in various clinical settings. Nevertheless, its multidimensional structure has not been consistent across studies. Thus, we aimed to psychometrically evaluate the MFI in patients with CAD. Methods: In sum, 1162 CAD patients completed questionnaires assessing their subjective fatigue level (MFI-20), mental distress symptoms (HADS, STAI), and health-related quality of life (SF-36). Participants also completed exercise capacity (EC) testing. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the four-factor model, showed acceptable fit (CFI = 0.905; GFI = 0.895; NFI = 0.893, RMSEA = 0.077). After eliminating four items, confirmatory factor analysis testing showed improvement in the four-factor model of the MFI-16 (CFI = 0.910; GFI = 0.909; NFI = 0.898, RMSEA = 0.077). Internal consistency values were adequate for the total score and four MFI-16 subscales: General fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, and mental fatigue with Cronbach’s α range: 0.60–0.82. The inadequate value (Cronbach’s α = 0.43) was received for the subscale of reduced motivation in both MFI-20 and MFI-16. Correlations between the MFI-16 and HADS, STAI, SF-36, and EC measures were statistically significant (all p’s < 0.001). Conclusions: The Lithuanian version of the modified MFI of 16 items showed good factorial structure and satisfactory psychometric characteristics, except for reduced motivation subscale.
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Zhang, Dai, Ying Wang, Fan Yang, Yiran Mao, Jie Mu, Lihui Zhao, and Wengui Xu. "Diagnostic Value of Multi-Mode Ultrasonic Flow Imaging Examination in Solid Renal Tumors of Different Sizes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020566.
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Purposes: To explore the value of Microflow Imaging (MFI) in renal solid tumors. Methods: A total of 195 patients with 199 lesions pathologically confirmed masses were retrospectively analyzed. The 199 masses were divided into the tumor ≤ 4 cm group (n = 104) and tumor > 4 cm group (n = 95). The diagnostic efficacy of Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI), Power Doppler Imaging (PDI) and MFI in renal tumors sizes were compared by determining the Adler grade, vascular morphology and peripheral blood flow. Results: Among 199 tumors, 161 lesions were malignant and 38 lesions were benign. MFI in malignant tumor ≤ 4 cm demonstrated statistically significant differences in Adler grade and vascular morphology as compared to CDFI and PDI (p < 0.05). In malignant tumor > 4 cm group, MFI showed significant difference in vascular morphology compared with CDFI (p < 0.05). MFI showed a significant difference in the peripheral annular blood flow of malignant tumors when compared to CDFI and PDI (p < 0.05). In addition, the malignant tumors of the two sizes by MFI in peripheral annular blood flow detection showed significant difference (p < 0.05). The area under the curve of ROC by MFI in the tumor ≤ 4 cm was 0.771, which was higher than CDFI and PDI (p < 0.05), but no obvious difference among the tumor > 4 cm (p > 0.05). Conclusion: MFI provides a new method for the differential diagnosis of small renal carcinoma. Based on the convenience and non-radiation of MFI, we can choose MFI as an imaging diagnostic tool for patients who need long-term active surveillance (AS) follow-up.
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Al-Shamarti, Hasanain, Mohanad Albw Jbianah, and Osamah Manji. "Using monthly rainfall data to estimate rainfall erosivity factor of Iraq." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 28, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.41.
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The erosivity factor have a major effect on soil therefor a lot off researchers are interested about it. Actually, the erosivity depend on rainfall that could be a main source to water which effect on soil. To understand the erosivity factor in Iraq, we attempt to explain erosivity factor throughout 30 years (1980– –2010). Because of daily data of interval 15 and 30 min are not provided in this area, we used the Fournier modifi ed index (MFI) that based on monthly date of rainfall. Also, we applied linear regression equation between annual rainfall and the MFI to predict the variables and coeff cient of determination was calculated. The study period divided to three decades and spatial distribution by Kriging method was used to interpolate the MFI of study area which calculate by ArcGIS 10.4.1. The results show that in the northern zone of Iraq MFI maximum values were recorded and in the range of MFI above 160. Moreover, in Emadiyah station the MFI excessed 250, which means the erosivity factor has a big effect on soil in this zone. Whereas, in middle zone, the MFI has range 0–120 but most of years of study period recorded 0–90 of the MFI. In southern zone, the MFI was 0–60 therefore the erosivity factor was moderated or law. The linear regression models were found for each station of study area and only Emadiyah, Teleafer, Khanqin and Nasiriya have weak coefficient determination.
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Song, Sang-Wook, Sung-Goo Kang, Kyung-Soo Kim, Moon-Jong Kim, Kwang-Min Kim, Doo-Yeoun Cho, Young-Sang Kim, Nam-Seok Joo, and Kyu-Nam Kim. "Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20): A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study." Pain Research and Management 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3152142.
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Introduction. A nonspecific symptom, fatigue accompanies a variety of diseases, including cancer, and can have a grave impact on patients’ quality of life. As for multidimensional instruments, one of the most widely used is the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). This study aims to verify the reliability and validity of the MFI Korean (MFI-K) version. Materials and Method. This study was performed at four university hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Among outpatients visiting the Department of Family Medicine, those complaining of fatigue or visiting a chronic care clinic were enrolled in this study. A total of 595 participants were included, and the mean age was 42.2 years. Results. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the MFI-K was 0.88. The MFI-K had good convergent validity. Most subscales of the MFI-K were significantly correlated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). In particular, general and physical fatigue had the greatest correlation with the VAS and FSS. Although the English version of MFI had five subscales, the factor analysis led to four subscales in the Korean version. Conclusion. This study demonstrated the clinical usefulness of MFI-K instrument, particularly in assessing the degree of fatigue and performing a multidimensional assessment of fatigue.
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Andre, John A., Kathleen S. Romanowski, Justin A. Mandell, David G. Greenhalgh, Tina L. Palmieri, and Soman Sen. "54 Modified Frailty Index is an Independent Predictor of Death in the Burn Population: A Secondary Analysis of the Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation (TRIBE) Study." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2021): S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.058.
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Abstract Introduction Previous studies in the burn population have noted frailty as an independent predictor of inpatient and outpatient mortality. The Modified Frailty Index (MFI) uses comorbidities tracked by the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to help to predict morbidity and mortality in patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the MFI-5 and MFI-11 would predict mortality in the burn population. Methods A secondary analysis of the prospective, randomized, multicenter Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation (TRIBE) study was conducted. Statistical analysis with chi-square for categorical variables and student’s t-test for continuous variables were conducted. Frailty was determined using the MFI-5 (functionally dependent, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension) and MFI-11 (using the aforementioned 5, as well as myocardial infarction, hypertension, delirium, transient ischemic attack/cerebrovascular accident (without deficits), cerebrovascular accident (with deficits), peripheral vascular disease) from comorbidities included in the Burn Registry. Patients were considered frail if they had an MFI > 1 on either scale. Multivariate regression was used to compare mortality between those who were and those were not considered frail based on this index. Results A total of 347 patients with a mean age of 43±17 years, 73 women and 274 men, were analyzed. Mean total body surface area burn (TBSA) was 38±18%, and 23% had inhalation injury. As continuous variables, MFI-5 (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.11–3.11; p-value 0.02) and MFI-11 (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.18–2.8; p-value 0.007) were independent predictors of mortality. In addition, TBSA total, age, and female gender were all independent predictors of mortality. Having a MFI-11 > 1 was considered an independent predictor of mortality (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.1–7.7; p-value 0.03); whereas, having a MFI-5 > 1 was not considered an independent predictor of mortality (OR 2.6; 95% CI 0.95–7; p-value 0.06). Conclusions A MFI-11 > 1 in the burn population was an independent predictor of mortality, as were total TBSA, age, and female gender. Given these findings, further study on the predictive value of MFI-11 in major burn injury is warranted.
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Kates, Max, Hiten Patel, Nikolai Sopko, Jen-Jane Liu, Phillip M. Pierorazio, and Trinity Bivalacqua. "Frailty as a marker of adverse outcomes during cystectomy for urothelial cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2015): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.374.
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374 Background: Frailty has been identified as a marker of physiologic reserve, and a more accurate predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes compared with age. Although many definitions of frailty exist, recently a clinical predictive rule, the “modified frailty index”(mFI), has been developed utilizing administrative data to predict adverse outcomes in the lung cancer population undergoing lobectomy. Our goal was to validate this clinical rule among patients with bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy. Methods: Patients undergoing cystectomy were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) participant use files (2006-2011). The mFI was defined as in prior studies with 11 variables based on mapping the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Frailty Index to NSQIP comorbidities and activities of daily living (ADL)s. These 11 variables each received 1 point, and the sum was divided by 11 for a fraction between 0 and 1. Univariate χ2, independent sample t-test, and logistic regression analyses were performed where appropriate. Results: Of the 1,302 cystectomy patients identified, 30% had mFI of 0, 40% had mFI of 0.09, 21% had mFI of 0.18, and 9% had mFI ≥0.27. Overall, 56% of patients experienced a Clavien complication. Patients with mFI ≥0.27 were older ( 72 vs 64 yrs)and more likely to be smokers (54%) compared with mFI of 0 (30%, p<0.01). Mean operative times (342-349 minutes) were similar across mFI indices. Reoperation (5% vs 8.5%) and readmission (20.5% vs 25%) were higher when mFI =0 compared with mFI≥0.27 (P<0.01). Clavien 4 and above complications occurred in 9.1% (36/396), 10.1% (53/526), 12.9 % (35/270) and 13.6% (15/110) among patients with an mFI of 0, 0.09, 0.18, and ≥0.27, respectively (p=0.05). Similarly, the overall mortality rate increased from 2.5% in the lowest frailty index group to 5.4% in the highest. Conclusions: Among patients undergoing cystectomy, the modified frailty index can identify those patients at greater risk for severe complications, readmissions, and mortality. Given that bladder cancer is increasing in prevalence particularly among the elderly, pre-operative risk stratification is crucial to inform decision-making.
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Jia, Wang, Wang, Mao, and Zhang. "A New Vegetation Index to Detect Periodically Submerged Mangrove Forest Using Single-Tide Sentinel-2 Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172043.
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Mangrove forests are tropical trees and shrubs that grow in sheltered intertidal zones. Accurate mapping of mangrove forests is a great challenge for remote sensing because mangroves are periodically submerged by tidal floods. Traditionally, multi-tides images were needed to remove the influence of water; however, such images are often unavailable due to rainy climates and uncertain local tidal conditions. Therefore, extracting mangrove forests from a single-tide imagery is of great importance. In this study, reflectance of red-edge bands in Sentinel-2 imagery were utilized to establish a new vegetation index that is sensitive to submerged mangrove forests. Specifically, red and short-wave near infrared bands were used to build a linear baseline; the average reflectance value of four red-edge bands above the baseline is defined as the Mangrove Forest Index (MFI). To evaluate MFI, capabilities of detecting mangrove forests were quantitatively assessed between MFI and four widely used vegetation indices (VIs). Additionally, the practical roles of MFI were validated by applying it to three mangrove forest sites globally. Results showed that: (1) theoretically, Jensen–Shannon divergence demonstrated that a submerged mangrove forest and water pixels have the largest distance in MFI compared to other VIs. In addition, the boxplot showed that all submerged mangrove forests could be separated from the water background in the MFI image. Furthermore, in the MFI image, to separate mangrove forests and water, the threshold is a constant that is equal to zero. (2) Practically, after applying the MFI to three global sites, 99–102% of submerged mangrove forests were successfully extracted by MFI. Although there are still some uncertainties and limitations, the MFI offers great benefits in accurately mapping mangrove forests as well as other coastal and aquatic vegetation worldwide.
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Tsai, Shang-Tien, Wen-Chyuan ChangJean, Lin-Yi Huang, and Tseng-Chang Tsai. "On the Anti-Corrosion Property of Dry-Gel-Conversion-Grown MFI Zeolite Coating on Aluminum Alloy." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 4595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204595.
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MFI zeolite film coated on AA6061 alloy was prepared from fumed silica modified with/without n-octyldecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS) by means of dry gel conversion (DGC) method. The DGC-grown MFI zeolite film could form a strong barrier to protect AA6061 surface against the corrosion from NaCl solution. By using fumed silica as a starting material, the hydrophilicity and anti-corrosion capability of the MFI zeolite film declined with increasing humidity in the DGC synthesis. By silanization with ODS, the surface hydrophobicity of the MFI zeolite film increased, leading to substantial enhancement in anti-corrosion capability. On the other hand, MFI film grown from ODS-modified fumed silica exhibited low hydrophilicity and a much improved anti-corrosion protection property by four orders of magnitude, even stronger than the ODS post-treated MFI film. The strong anti-corrosion capability is attributed to the “thick layer” surface hydrophobicity of zeolite crystal.
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Wilson, Jamie R. F., Jetan H. Badhiwala, Ali Moghaddamjou, Albert Yee, Jefferson R. Wilson, and Michael G. Fehlings. "Frailty Is a Better Predictor than Age of Mortality and Perioperative Complications after Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: An Analysis of 41,369 Patients from the NSQIP Database 2010–2018." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113491.
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Background: The ability of frailty compared to age alone to predict adverse events in the surgical management of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) has not been defined in the literature. Methods: 41,369 patients with a diagnosis of DCM undergoing surgery were collected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Database 2010–2018. Univariate analysis for each measure of frailty (modified frailty index 11- and 5-point; MFI-11, MFI-5), modified Charlson Co-morbidity index and ASA grade) were calculated for the following outcomes: mortality, major complication, unplanned reoperation, unplanned readmission, length of hospital stay, and discharge to a non-home destination. Multivariable modeling of age and frailty with a base model was performed to define the discriminative ability of each measure. Results: Age and frailty have a significant effect on all outcomes, but the MFI-5 has the largest effect size. Increasing frailty correlated significantly with the risk of perioperative adverse events, longer hospital stay, and risk of a non-home discharge destination. Multivariable modeling incorporating MFI-5 with age and the base model had a robust predictive value (0.85). MFI-5 had a high categorical assessment correlation with a MFI-11 of 0.988 (p < 0.001). Conclusions and Relevance: Measures of frailty have a greater effect size and a higher discriminative value to predict adverse events than age alone. MFI-5 categorical assessment is essentially equivalent to the MFI-11 score for DCM patients. A multivariable model using MFI-5 provides an accurate predictive tool that has important clinical applications.
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Hammad, Reham, Mervat Hamdino, Asmaa M. El-Nasser, Ali Sobhy, Noha Abdel-Rahman Eldesoky, Alya Mohammad Mashaal, and Hany F. Ali. "Immunoregulatory complement receptor-1 and leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 expression on leukocytes in Psoriasis vulgaris." Innate Immunity 26, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425920942570.
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Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder with devastating psychosocial consequences. Expression of immunoregulator molecules on leukocytes in PsV remains unclear. Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) and complement receptor-1 (CR-1) are immunoregulator receptors reported to bind complement component 1q involved in phagocytosis. We aimed to explore if altered leukocyte expression of LAIR-1 and CR-1 is associated with PsV. This case–control study included 36 PsV patients and 36 healthy controls. Neutrophils, monocytes and B and T cells were examined by flow cytometry for LAIR-1 and CR-1 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and positive cell percentage. Comparison between both groups revealed a significant decrease in LAIR-1 MFI on neutrophils and T cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). CR-1 MFI on neutrophils, monocytes and T cells also showed a significant decrease in patients ( P = 0.033, P = 0.001 and P = 0.040, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation of LAIR-1 MFI on neutrophils with CR-1 MFI on neutrophils ( r = 0.503; P = 0.002) and LAIR-1 MFI on monocytes with CR-1 MFI on monocytes ( r = 0.371; P = 0.026). Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that CR-1 MFI on monocytes had the highest discrimination power to differentiate patients from controls, with 86.1% specificity and 75% sensitivity ( P = 0.001). In conclusion, altered leukocytes expression of LAIR-1 and CR-1 is associated with PsV. Down-regulated CR-1 MFI on monocytes is a promising diagnostic biomarker for PsV.
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Choi, Erin, Asher George, Silvia Jakubski, Mhd Hasan Almekdash, and Pranav Sharma. "Frailty is an independent predictor of 90-day complications following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 10, no. 44 (July 22, 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v10i44.1063.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the 11-item Modified Frailty Index (mFI) and 90-day post-operative complications in prostate cancer patients undergoing Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: mFI was measured for 216 men who underwent RARP at a single institution. Mean ranks and proportions were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test of independence, and Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of 90-day post-operative complications after RARP. Results: Patients with higher pre-operative mFI (≥2) were more likely to be older in age (P= 0.047), have worse ECOG performance status (P=0.018), and worse ASA scores (P<0.01). Intra-operative variables and pathological characteristics were similar between mFI groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that mFI ≥2 was a predictor of overall 90-day complications after surgery (OR=3.32, CI=1.16-9.54, P=0.026). Multivariate logistic regression also showed that mFI ≥2 was a predictor of high-grade 90-day complications after surgery (OR=2.69, CI=1.24-5.85, P=0.012). Conclusion: Prostate cancer patients with higher pre-operative mFI scores were more likely to have a 90-day complication after RARP. mFI should be assessed pre-operatively for prostate cancer patients to determine the risk of post-operative morbidity and the best treatment plan.
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Voskamp, Maarten J. H., Marloes Vermeer, Gerd-Jan Molijn, and Erik B. Cornel. "The Usefulness of the Modified Frailty Index for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Cystectomy." Current Urology 14, no. 1 (2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499263.
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Background: Radical cystectomy is still the gold standard for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) treatment. In order to reduce postoperative complications, multimodality bladder-sparing therapies could be a good alternative. Studies in various malignancies have shown that the modified Frailty Index (mFI) may be more useful for identifying high-risk patients. Objectives: We investigated the possible correlation between the mFI in cystectomy patients with MIBC and serious complications 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Methods: Analysis of a prospective database of 109 consecutive MIBC patients who underwent a cystectomy between January 2012 and August 2017 was performed. The mFI was added retrospectively. Differences between groups were tested with independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, or Chi square tests as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyse the relation between the mFI and complications. Results: Patients with Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3 at 30 and 90 days postoperatively had a significantly higher mFI compared to patients with Clavien-Dindo < 3: the odds ratio of the mFI for serious complications within 30 days was 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1-2.1, p = 0.010) and for 90 days was 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1-2.1, p = 0.008). Conclusions: We found an association between a high mFI and postoperative complications and mortality. The mFI is therefore useful when discussing treatment options with MIBC patients.
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Abd Elbasit, Mohamed A. M., Jinbai Huang, CSP Ojha, Hiroshi Yasuda, and Eltayeb O. Adam. "Spatiotemporal Changes of Rainfall Erosivity in Loess Plateau, China." ISRN Soil Science 2013 (March 13, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/256352.
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The reason for the severity of soil erosion in Loess Plateau can be attributed to three nonanthropogenic factors: rainfall erosivity, slope gradient, and loess soil. The rainfall erosivity is controlled by the rainfall characteristics. Generally, rainfall characteristics change drastically in space and time. The rainfall erosivity has been investigated using the modified Fournier index (MFI), annual rainfall, and precipitation concentration index (PCI). The study showed a decrease in average MFI by 10%. However, the difference between the MFI in 1960s and 1990s was found to decrease in a large area in Loess Plateau, whereas there was an increase in MFI at the high latitude. The maximum decrease in the rainfall erosivity was higher in the southeast than that in the north and west. The Py was found to have a trend similar to the MFI, which further indicates that the MFI follows, to a high extent, the annual rainfall trend. The PCI was found to have trend opposite to MFI and Py. The PCI increased in the north and west and decreased toward the southeast. The average temporal difference in the PCI between the 1960s, and 1990s was two percent.
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Kellesarian, Sergio Varela, Michael Yunker, Hans Malmstrom, Khalid Almas, Georgios E. Romanos, and Fawad Javed. "Male Infertility and Dental Health Status: A Systematic Review." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2016): 1976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316655529.
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A limited number of studies have reported an association between male factor infertility (MFI) and dental health status (DHS). The aim of the present study was to assess the association between DHS and MFI through a systematic review of indexed literature. To address the focused question—“Is there a relationship between DHS and MFI?”—indexed databases were searched up to March 2016 using various key words “infertility,” “periodontal disease,” “periodontitis,” “dental infection,” “caries,” and “odontogenic infection.” Letters to the editor, case reports, commentaries, historic reviews, and experimental studies were excluded. In total seven studies were included in the present systematic review and processed for data extraction. All the studies reported a positive association between MFI and DHS. The number of study participants ranged between 18 and 360 individuals. Results from six studies showed a positive association between chronic periodontitis and MFI. Three studies reported a positive relationship between MFI and odontogenic infections associated to necrotic pulp, chronic apical osteitis, and radicular cysts. One study reported a relationship between caries index and MFI. From the literature reviewed, there seems to be a positive association between MFI and DHS; however, further longitudinal studies and randomized control trials assessing confounders are needed to establish real correlation. Dentists and general practitioners should be aware that oral diseases can influence the systemic health. Andrological examination should include comprehensive oral evaluation, and physicians detecting oral diseases should refer the patient to a dentist for further evaluation.
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Hedlund, Jonas, Johan Sterte, Marc Anthonis, Anton-Jan Bons, Barbara Carstensen, Ned Corcoran, Don Cox, et al. "High-flux MFI membranes." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 52, no. 3 (May 2002): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1811(02)00316-5.
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Zhou, Han, Danil Korelskiy, Erik Sjöberg, and Jonas Hedlund. "Ultrathin hydrophobic MFI membranes." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 192 (July 2014): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.09.017.
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Ben Taarit, Y., A. Tuel, and N. Velasco. "Vanadium-containing MFI zeolite." Zeolites 15, no. 2 (February 1995): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(95)90073-x.
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Lewis, Lauren, Daniel Jupiter, Vinod K. Panchbhavi, and Jie Chen. "Five-Factor Modified Frailty Index as a Predictor of Complications Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00315.
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Category: Ankle Arthritis; Ankle; Other Introduction/Purpose: Ankle arthritis can significantly diminish the function and quality of life of affected individuals. Treatment options for end-stage ankle arthritis include total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Ongoing research seeks to identify patient factors associated with a higher risk of post-operative complications following TAA. A 5-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) has been found to predict adverse outcomes of multiple orthopaedic procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the mFI-5 as a risk stratification tool for patients undergoing TAA. Methods: A retrospective review of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was performed on patients undergoing TAA between the years of 2011 and 2017. Data on patient demographics, post-operative complications, and length of stay were collected. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were subsequently performed to investigate frailty as a possible predictor of post-operative complications. Results: 1035 patients were identified (mean age = 63.9 years). Complication rates significantly increased with increasing mFI-5 score, from 5.24% in patients with no mFI-5 variables to 19.38% in patients with two or more mFI-5 variables present (P <0.0001). When comparing patients with an mFI-5 score of 0 to patients with an mFI-5 score of 2, 30-day readmission rate increased from 0.24% to 3.1% (P> 0.017), length of stay increased from 1.79 days to 2.18 days (P >0.007), adverse discharge rate increased from 3.81% to 15.5% (P <0.0001), and wound complications increased from 0.24% to 1.55% (> 0.02). After controlling for demographic factors, length of stay, and operative time, mFI-5 score remained significantly associated with patients' risk of developing any complication and 30-day readmission rate. Conclusion: Frailty as defined by the mFI-5 is associated with adverse outcomes following TAA. Implementing the mFI-5 as a risk stratification tool may assist in identifying patients who are at an elevated risk of sustaining a complication, and may allow for improved informed decision-making and perioperative care when considering TAA.
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Park, So-Hyun, Haiming Liu, Martin Kleinsorge, Clare P. Grey, Brian H. Toby, and John B. Parise. "[Li−Si−O]-MFI: A New Microporous Lithosilicate with the MFI Topology." Chemistry of Materials 16, no. 13 (June 2004): 2605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm049861n.
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Bellos, Frauke, Karl Sotlar, Susanne Schnittger, Claudia Haferlach, Torsten Haferlach, and Wolfgang Kern. "Correlation of CD30 Expression on Neoplastic Mast Cells in Systemic Mastocytosis Assessed By Immunohistochemistry Versus Multiparameter Flow Cytometry and Correlation to Clinical Parameters." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1616.1616.
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Abstract Background: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is rarely diagnosed and presents with highly variable clinical manifestation from taking rather indolent to very aggressive courses, mast cell leukemia being the most aggressive variant. Expression of CD30 (Ki-1 antigen) has been detected on some neoplastic mast cells (MC) by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in bone marrow (BM) biopsies and presence of CD30 has been reported to be correlated to more aggressive variants of SM. Assessmentof CD30 expression by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) might not only contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy but correlation of the hereby detected CD30 expression with clinical SM parameters might also give further insights into disease biology. Aims: Comparison of CD30 expression detected by either MFC or IHC on MC of patients with SM and correlation of results with patient and disease characteristics. Correlation of MFC detected CD30 expression with cytogenetics (CG) determined by chromosome banding analysis and molecular genetics (MG). Methods: For this study, CD30 expression was analyzed in BM samples from 93 patients with SM by MFC using a five color staining assay with monoclonal antibodies against CD30, CD45, CD117, CD2 and CD25. We identified MC based on CD45 positivity and bright expression of CD117. Based on aberrant coexpression of CD2 and/or CD25 neoplastic MC were identified. On those MC, mean and median fluorescence intensities (MFI, medFI) of CD30 were determined and related to CD30 MFI and medFI in lymphocytes to derive CD30 index. Moreover, data on MC infiltration and CD30 expression by IHC was assessed in 22 patients and examination of CG and MG was done in 44 and 80 patients, respectively. KIT D816V mutation was analyzed using melting curve-based DNA mutation analysis applying PNA-mediated PCR clamping according to Sotlar et al. [Am J Pathol. 162: 737-746, 2003]. Results of MFC detected CD30 expression was correlated to those of CD30 expression examined with IHC and to the results of CG and MG. Results: 42 patients were female and 51 male. Median age was 59 years (20-87 years). While we found normal karyotypes in 41 patients, 3 patients showed aberrant karyotypes. KIT D816V mutation was seen in 74/80 patients (93%). Diagnosis of concurrent hematological non-mast cell disease (AHNMD) was made in 14/93 patients (15%). Mean (±SD) MC infiltration was 20%±26% (range, 1.5%-85%) by IHC and 0.4%±1.8% (range, 0.01%-17%) by MFC. Mean (±SD) CD30 index was 19±20 (range, 3-154), mean (±SD) CD30 expression by IHC was 9%±17% (range, 0%-70%). Percentages of MC infiltration detected by IHC and MFC correlated significantly (p=0.002, r=0.819). No correlation of MFC CD30 index (MFI and medFI) with age, sex, concomitant AHNMD, grade of MC infiltration or percentage of CD30 positive MC by IHC was found. Interestingly, a significantly higher medFI CD30 index and a trend to higher MFI CD30 index were seen in patients with normal karyotype (12.2±6.2 vs 6.3±2.7, p=0.037 and 15.1±9.4 vs. 11.6±10.3, n.s., respectively) versus those with an aberrant karyotype. We also detected a trend to higher MFI and medFI CD30 index in patients with KIT D816V mutation (19.8±21.8 vs. 10.2±7.4, n.s. and 24.0±89.0 vs 10.0±5.8, n.s., respectively). Conclusions: Assessment of CD30 expression as a dynamic parameter on neoplastic MC in patients with SM can be reliably performed by MFC. A stronger expression of CD30 expression on neoplastic MC harbouring an aberrant karyotype was found. CD30 expression seems also stronger on MC from patients harbouring KIT D816V mutations compared to those who do not. CD30 expression on neoplastic MC in patients with SM should be further analyzed combining analyses by MFC and IHC to substantiate the present findings. Disclosures Bellos: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Sotlar:Ludwig-Maximilians-University: Employment. Schnittger:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kern:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Yu, Weibo, Elizabeth Rao, Curtis D. Chin, Josephine S. Aguilar-Jakthong, Yunfeng Li, Christine Chow, Shu Yu (Grace) Wang, and Jianyu Rao. "A Preliminary Study of Deep-Learning Algorithm for Analyzing Multiplex Immunofluorescence Biomarkers in Body Fluid Cytology Specimens." Acta Cytologica 65, no. 4 (2021): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515976.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Multiplex biomarker analysis of cytological body fluid specimens is often used to assist cytologists in distiguishing metastatic cancer cells from reactive mesothelial cells. However, evaluating biomarker expression visually may be challenging, especially when the cells of interest are scant. Deep-learning algorithms (DLAs) may be able to assist cytologists in analyzing multiple biomarker expression at the single cell level in the multiplex fluorescence imaging (MFI) setting. This preliminary study was performed to test the feasibility of using DLAs to identify immunofluorescence-stained metastatic adenocarcinoma cells in body fluid cytology samples. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A DLA was developed to analyze MFI-stained cells in body fluid cytological samples. A total of 41 pleural fluid samples, comprising of 20 positives and 21 negatives, were retrospectively collected. Multiplex immunofluorescence labeling for MOC31, BerEP4, and calretinin, were performed on cell block sections, and results were analyzed by manual analysis (manual MFI) and DLA analysis (MFI-DLA) independently. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All cases with positive original cytological diagnoses showed positive results either by manual MFI or MFI-DLA, but 2 of the 14 (14.3%) original cytologically negative cases had rare cells with positive MOC31 and/or BerEP4 staining in addition to calretinin. Manual MFI analysis and MFI-DLA showed 100% concordance. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> MFI combined with DLA provides a potential tool to assist in cytological diagnosis of metastatic malignancy in body fluid samples. Larger studies are warranted to test the clinical validity of the approach.
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Moses, Ziev B., Seok Yoon Oh, Ricardo B. V. Fontes, Harel Deutsch, John E. O’Toole, and Richard G. Fessler. "The modified frailty index and patient outcomes following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery for single-level degenerative spine disease." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 35, no. 2 (August 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.11.spine201263.
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OBJECTIVE The modified frailty index (mFI) is a simple tool that measures physiological reserve based on a thorough history and physical examination. Its use has been validated in several surgical specialties, including spinal deformity surgery. Prior research has suggested no significant differences in clinical outcomes between elderly and nonelderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion. The authors sought to investigate the use of the mFI in patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and the relationship between frailty scores and clinical outcomes. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted on 198 patients who underwent a single-level TLIF over a 60-month period at a single institution. For all patients, an mFI score was computed incorporating a set of 11 clinical factors to assess preexisting comorbidities and functional status. Clinical follow-up and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) scores were obtained at baseline and regular intervals of 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year following surgery. RESULTS Patients were grouped according to their level of frailty: no frailty (mFI = 0), mild frailty (mFI = 0.09), moderate frailty (mFI = 0.18), and severe frailty (mFI ≥ 0.27). One-way ANOVA revealed increasing levels of frailty to be associated with an increased rate of complications, from 10.3% to 63.6%. In addition, increasing levels of frailty were associated with longer hospital length of stay (LOS), from 3.1 days to 6.5 days, and lower rates of disposition to home. At the 1-year follow-up, increased levels of frailty were associated with worse HRQOL measures. CONCLUSIONS Increasing mFI score was associated with higher morbidity, longer inpatient LOS, and a lower probability of discharge to home in patients undergoing single-level TLIF. Consideration of the mFI may help surgeons improve decision-making across the spectrum of patients who are at risk from frailty.
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Qiu, Liming, Yongjun Tong, Jie Li, Dazhao Song, Man Wang, and Shan Yin. "An Experimental Study: Variation Law of Magnetic Field around Concrete during Loading." Minerals 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040399.
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In order to reveal the magnetic field response law and mechanism of concrete under load, the variation law of magnetic field intensity (MFI) of concrete samples under uniaxial loading, graded loading and cyclic loading was tested, and the field application scenarios of magnetic field monitoring technology are proposed. The results showed that a magnetic field signal would be generated during the loading failure process of the concrete sample, which was accompanied by the whole loading process. In the uniaxial compression process, MFI showed a steady increase trend, but it would increase rapidly when the load drop occurred in the sample. The stronger the rupture, the more significant the change of MFI. MFI was not linearly proportional to the amount of change in the load drop. MFI around the concrete sample was positively correlated with the load. When the concrete was in the constant load stage, MFI around the concrete remained basically stable. When the main rupture of the concrete sample occurred, MFI reached a peak value, it did not keep at a high level all the time, but decreased rapidly. There are two mechanisms for the generation of the magnetic field in the process of concrete failure under load, namely the piezomagnetic effect and the friction effect, which correspond to the action of the load and the excitation of the fracture, respectively. The former causes the stable increase of MFI, and the effect is related to the influence of the content of the piezoelectric magnetic material in the material composition; the latter leads to a sudden increase of MFI, and the effect is related to the triboelectric effect of the micro-particles of the material. The research results are conducive to the accurate prediction of the concrete magnetic field monitoring, and help promote the development of mine dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning technology.
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Akyar, Serra, Sarah Armenia, Parita Ratnani, and Aziz Merchant. "The Impact of Frailty on Postoperative Cardiopulmonary Complications in the Emergency General Surgery Population." Surgery Journal 04, no. 02 (April 2018): e66-e77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1655756.
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Background The burden of frail patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) is increasing rapidly and this population is particularly susceptible to postoperative cardiopulmonary complications and mortality. We aimed to determine the association between frailty, as defined by the previously described modified frailty index (mFI), and postoperative respiratory complications (unplanned reintubation, pneumonia, and prolonged ventilation), cardiac complications (myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest), and mortality. We also sought to identify the most significant determinants of frailty in the highest risk patients based on the specific variables comprising the mFI. Methods We performed a retrospective observational analysis of the prospectively collected American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Files from 2005 to 2015 identified 132,765 inpatients who underwent EGS. mFI scores were calculated for each patient. The effect of increasing frailty on unplanned reintubation, pneumonia, prolonged ventilation, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and mortality was evaluated using bivariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare mFI with additional predictor variables including race, gender, physical status as defined by the American Society of Anesthesiologists, disseminated cancer, renal failure, smoking status, sepsis, wound presence/classification, dyspnea, and previous ventilator dependence. Results Unplanned reintubation, pneumonia, prolonged ventilation, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and mortality were significantly associated with frailty, and the odds of each postoperative complication increased with increasing mFI score. Of the frailest patients (mFI ≥3) that experienced cardiopulmonary complications or mortality, the variables of the mFI that contributed most to frailty were hypertension requiring medication and functional status before surgery. Conclusions A higher mFI score is associated with increased odds of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications and mortality in the EGS population. Specific variables of the mFI can also provide valuable information for assessing odds in the frailest patients undergoing EGS.
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Garland, Mary, Fang-Chi Hsu, Perry Shen, and Clancy J. Clark. "Optimal Modified Frailty Index Cutoff in Older Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients." American Surgeon 83, no. 8 (August 2017): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708300837.
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The newly characterized modified frailty index (mFI) is a robust predictor of postoperative outcomes for surgical patients. The present study investigates the optimal cutoff for mFI specifically in older gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients undergoing surgery. All patients more than 60 years old who underwent surgery for a GI malignancy (esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, liver, and bile duct) were identified in the 2005 to 2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, Participant Use Data File (NSQIP PUF). Patients undergoing emergency procedures, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) five status, or diagnosed with preoperative sepsis were excluded. Logistic regression modeling and 10-fold cross validation were used to identify an optimal mFI cutoff. A total of 41,455 patients (mean age 72, 47.4% female) met the eligibility criteria. Among them, 19.0 per cent (n = 7891) developed a major postoperative complication and 2.8 per cent (n = 1150) died within 30 days. A random sampling by a cancer site was performed to create 90 per cent training and 10 per cent test sample datasets. Using 10-fold cross validation, logistical regression models evaluated the association between mFI and endpoints of 30-day mortality and major morbidity at various cutoffs. Optimal cutoffs for 30-day mortality and major morbidity were mFI ≥ 0.1 and ≥0.2, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, ASA, albumin ≥3g/dl, and body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, mFI ≥ 0.1 was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 1.30–1.71 95% confidence interval (CI), P < 0.001) and mFI ≥ 0.2 was associated with increased morbidity (OR 1.52, 1.39–1.65 95% CI, P < 0.001). For older GI cancer patients, a very low mFI was a predictor of poor postoperative outcomes with an optimal cutoff of two or more mFI characteristics.
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Yu, Ling, and Jun Hua Zhu. "Effect of Computational Patterns of PCA on Moving Force Identification." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2678.
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Effect of computational patterns of principle component analysis (PCA) on moving force identification (MFI) is studied in this paper. The motion equation of bridge due to moving vehicles are formed, the relationship between moving axle loads and caused bridge responses are established for the PCA-based MFI method in time domain. The measured bridge responses are rearranged in a matrix form for easily performing PCA and are adopted for obtaining an acceptable solution to the MFI problem. A laboratory experimental study was conducted to assess effectiveness and robustness of the PCA-based MFI method. The illustrated results show that the PCA-based method is an easy executive and more effective method for the MFI problem. The PCA computational patterns should be appropriately considered due to its higher sensitivity on response catalogues.
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Nagle, Matthew, and Aaron Glynn. "Midflexion Instability in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty." Journal of Knee Surgery 33, no. 05 (February 27, 2019): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678537.
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AbstractInstability is one of the most common causes of failure in total knee arthroplasty. Traditionally, it has been classified into three types: extension instability, flexion instability, and hyperextension instability. More recently, a fourth type of instability has been proposed, namely “midflexion instability” (MFI). Whether MFI is distinct from the aforementioned types of instability is contentious, and at present, the condition is yet to be clearly defined. This article reviews the current literature and identifies the best available evidence relevant to the concept of MFI. Our aim is to present an overview of the proposed causes and mechanisms for MFI. By doing so, we also aim to provide a focus on how MFI presents, whether it is indeed a discrete form of instability, and if it influences clinical results.
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Li, Jian, Xiangyu Li, Derun Hua, Xinning Lu, and Yujue Wang. "Optimizing the Aromatic Product Distribution from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using Hydrothermally Synthesized Ga-MFI Zeolites." Catalysts 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2019): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9100854.
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A series of gallium-containing MFI (Ga-MFI) zeolites with varying Ga2O3/Al2O3 ratios were synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis and tested as catalyst in catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of beech wood for aromatic production. The results show that the incorporation of Ga slightly reduced the effective pore size of Ga-MFI zeolites compared to conventional HZSM-5 zeolites. Therefore, the Ga-MFI zeolites increased the aromatic selectivity for smaller aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and p-xylene and decreased the aromatic selectivity for bulkier ones such as m-xylene, o-xylene, and polyaromatics in CFP of beech wood relative to HSZM-5. In particular, the yield and selectivity of p-xylene, the most desired product from CFP of biomass, increased considerably from 1.64 C% and 33.3% for conventional HZSM-5 to 2.98–3.34 C% and 72.1–79.6% for the synthesized Ga-MFI zeolites. These results suggest that slightly reducing the pore size of MFI zeolite by Ga incorporation has a beneficial effect on optimizing the aromatic selectivity toward more valuable monoaromatic products, especially p-xylene, during CFP of biomass.
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FEHR, DAVID, and GAAMAA HISHIGSUREN. "RAISING CAPITAL FOR MICROFINANCE: SOURCES OF FUNDING AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR EQUITY FINANCING." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 11, no. 02 (June 2006): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946706000301.
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On a worldwide basis, microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide financial services to the poorest households. To date, funding of MFI activities has come primarily from outright donor grants, government subsidies, and often debt capital, including debt with non-market terms favorable to the MFI. These traditional sources of MFI financing may not be sufficient to allow MFIs to provide maximum services. There is a subset of the pool of mainstream equity investors who would consider investing in MFI opportunities, even knowing that they would not expect to earn the full economic rate of return that such investments would otherwise require. However, as part of their investment evaluation process, these investors would ask: What would the market determined required expected rate of return for my MFI investment be? What return on investment (ROI) do I expect to earn on my MFI investment? Is the difference in the above two returns acceptable given my level of social motivation? How will I "monetize" my investment and when? The purpose of this article is to employ modern corporate finance techniques to address these questions.
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Harsányi, Endre, Bashar Bashir, Firas Alsilibe, Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam, Tamás Ratonyi, Abdullah Alsalman, Adrienn Széles, Aniko Nyeki, István Takács, and Safwan Mohammed. "Predicting Modified Fournier Index by Using Artificial Neural Network in Central Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 10653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710653.
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The Modified Fournier Index (MFI) is one of the indices that can assess the erosivity of rainfall. However, the implementation of the artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of the MFI is still rare. In this research, climate data (monthly and yearly precipitation (pi, Ptotal) (mm), daily maximum precipitation (Pd-max) (mm), monthly mean temperature (Tavg) (°C), daily maximum mean temperature (Td-max) (°C), and daily minimum mean temperature (Td-min) (°C)) were collected from three stations in Hungary (Budapest, Debrecen, and Pécs) between 1901 and 2020. The MFI was calculated, and then, the performance of two ANNs (multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF)) in predicting the MFI was evaluated under four scenarios. The average MFI values were between 66.30 ± 15.40 (low erosivity) in Debrecen and 75.39 ± 15.39 (low erosivity) in Pecs. The prediction of the MFI by using MLP was good (NSEBudapest(SC3) = 0.71, NSEPécs(SC2) = 0.69). Additionally, the performance of RBF was accurate (NSEDebrecen(SC4) = 0.68, NSEPécs(SC3) = 0.73). However, the correlation coefficient between the observed MFI and the predicted one ranged between 0.83 (Budapest (SC2-MLP)) and 0.86 (Pécs (SC3-RBF)). Interestingly, the statistical analyses promoted SC2 (Pd-max + pi + Ptotal) and SC4 (Ptotal + Tavg + Td-max + Td-min) as the best scenarios for predicting MFI by using the ANN–MLP and ANN–RBF, respectively. However, the sensitivity analysis highlighted that Ptotal, pi, and Td-min had the highest relative importance in the prediction process. The output of this research promoted the ANN (MLP and RBF) as an effective tool for predicting rainfall erosivity in Central Europe.
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Cheng, Shan, Jinghua Yang, Miao Su, Jicheng Sun, Kaiwen Xiong, Jin Ma, and Wendong Hu. "Postural Stability Change Under Sleep Deprivation and Mental Fatigue Status." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5755.2021.
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AbstractBACKGROUND: Based on posturography parameters during sleep deprivation (SD), a mental fatigue index (MFI) was constructed for healthy male cadets.METHODS: There were 37 young male subjects who volunteered for two successive days of SD. Their posturography balance, profile of mood status (POMS), and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured at four different times (10:00 and 22:00 of day 1, 10:00 and 22:00 of day 2). According to the methods used in our previous research, similar MFIs based on posturography parameters were computed. Then, correlations of MFIs with POMS scores and HRV values were evaluated by linear and nonlinear methods including quadratic, S-curve, growth, and exponential analyses.RESULTS: MFI continued to increase during SD and MFI as the independent variable had quadratic relationships with fluster (R2 0.057), depression (R2 0.067), and anger (R2 0.05) scores of POMS. A linear correlation was found between MFI and the depression score (R2 0.045) and MFI correlated linearly (R2 0.029) and nonlinearly (R2 0.03) with heart rate. Similarly, MFI reflected changes in the time and frequency domain parameters of HRV, with linear (R2range: 0.0290.082) or nonlinear (R2range: 0.0300.082) relationships.DISCUSSION: The increase of MFI was linked with amplification of personal negative moods and an imbalance of autonomic nervous system activity. The findings suggest that MFI might be a potential indicator of mental fatigue and provide a method to prevent driving fatigue and human errors.Cheng S, Yang J, Su M, Sun J, Xiong K, Ma J, Hu W. Postural stability change under sleep deprivation and mental fatigue status. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):627632.
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Kunita, Satoshi, Kanako Kato, Miyuki Ishida, Kozue Hagiwara, Shuko Kameda, Tomoko Ishida, Akira Takakura, Kazuo Goto, Fumihiro Sugiyama, and Ken-ichi Yagami. "Simultaneous Detection of Antibodies to Mouse Hepatitis Virus Recombinant Structural Proteins by a Microsphere-Based Multiplex Fluorescence Immunoassay." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 5 (March 23, 2011): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00467-10.
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ABSTRACTWe describe a new microsphere-based multiplex fluorescent immunoassay (MFI) using recombinant mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) proteins to detect antibodies to coronaviruses in mouse and rat sera. All the recombinant proteins, including nucleocapsid (N) and 3 subunits of spike protein, S1, S2, and Smid, showed positive reactivity in MFI with mouse antisera to 4 MHV strains (MHV-S, -A59, -JHM, and -Nu67) and rat antiserum to a strain of sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV-681). The MFI was evaluated for its diagnostic power, with panels of mouse sera classified as positive or negative for anti-MHV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using MHV virion antigen and indirect fluorescent antibody assay. The reactivities of 236 naturally infected mouse sera were examined; 227 samples were positive by MFI using S2 antigen (96% sensitivity), and 208 samples were positive using N antigen (88% sensitivity). Based on the assessment by MFI using the S2 and N antigens, only 3 serum samples showed double-negative results, indicating a false-negative rate of 1.3%. In 126 uninfected mouse sera, including 34 ELISA false-positive sera, only 7 samples showed false-positive results by MFI using either the S2 or N antigen (94% specificity). Similarly, the S2 and N antigen-based MFI was 98% sensitive and 100% specific in detecting anticoronavirus antibodies in rat sera. Thus, this MFI-based serologic assay using the S2 and N antigens promises to be a reliable diagnostic method, representing a highly sensitive and specific alternative to traditional ELISA for detection of coronavirus infections in laboratory mouse and rat colonies.
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Al-Dabbagh, Sarah, Jamie S. McPhee, Mathew Piasecki, Claire E. Stewart, and Nasser Al-Shanti. "Soluble Factors Released From Activated T Lymphocytes Regulate C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation and Cellular Signaling, but Effects Are Blunted in the Elderly." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 9 (October 17, 2018): 1375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly238.
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Abstract The key objective of this work was to investigate the impact of young and old human lymphocyte secretomes on C2C12 myoblasts regeneration. Conditioned media were harvested from isolated young and older lymphocytes treated with (activated [AC]) or without (nonactivated [NA]), anti-CD3/CD28 activators for 4 days. AC conditioned media from older lymphocytes had decreased levels of amphiregulin (367 ± 208 pg/mL vs 904 ± 323 pg/mL; p = .018) and IGF-I (845 ± 88 ng/mL vs 1100 ± 48 ng/mL; p = .032) compared with younger AC lymphocytes. AC older versus younger lymphocytes had reduced expression of CD25 (24.6 ± 5.5%; p = .0003) and increased expression of FoxP3 (35 ± 15.7%; p = .032). Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with young AC lymphocytes resulted in decreased expression of MyoD (0.46 ± 0.12; p =.004) and Myogenin (0.34 ± 0.05; p = .010) mRNA, increased activation of MEk1 (724 ± 140 mean fluorescent intensity [MFI]; p =.001) and ERK1/2 (3768 ± 314 MFI; p =.001), and a decreased activation of Akt (74.5 ± 4 MFI; p = .009) and mTOR (61.8 ± 7 MFI; p = .001) compared with old AC lymphocytes. By contrast, C2C12 myoblasts treated with older AC lymphocytes displayed increased expression of MyoD (0.7 ± 0.08; p =.004) and Myogenin (0.68 ± 0.05; p =.010) mRNA, decreased phosphorylation of MEk1 and ERK1/2 (528 ± 80 MFI; p = .008, and 1141 ± 668 MFI; p = .001, respectively), and increased Akt/mTOR activation (171 ± 35 MFI; p = .009, and 184 ± 33 MFI; p = .001, respectively). These data provide new evidence that differences between older and younger lymphocyte secretomes contribute to differential responses of C2C12 myoblasts in culture.
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Sa'ude, Nasuha, Khairu Kamarudin, Mustaffa Ibrahim, and Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim. "Melt Flow Index of Recycle ABS for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Filament." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.3.
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This paper presents the melt flow index (MFI) of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and recycle ABS filament wire for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) machine. In this study, the effect of MFI on recycle ABS material was investigated experimentally based on the melting temperature, density, screw speed and material properties. The MFI result on ABS recycle in wire filament was investigated using Melt Indexer Machine (MIM). Based on the result obtained, it was found that, ABS recycle was increase the density and MFI results. It can be observed that, the higher temperature was melt the recycle ABS material through the MIM and extruder machine.
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Wang, Shuo, Eugene J. OBrien, and Daniel P. McCrum. "A Novel Acceleration-Based Moving Force Identification Algorithm to Detect Global Bridge Damage." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 7271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167271.
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This paper presents a new moving force identification (MFI) algorithm that uses measured accelerations to infer applied vehicle forces on bridges. Previous MFI algorithms use strain or deflection measurements. Statistics of the inferred forces are used in turn as indicators of global bridge damage. The new acceleration-based MFI algorithm (A-MFI) is validated through numerical simulations with a coupled vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction model programmed in MATLAB. A focussed sensitivity study suggests that results are sensitive to the accuracy of the vehicle velocity data. The inferred Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), calculated by A-MFI, is proposed as the bridge damage indicator. A real weigh-in-motion database is used with a simulation of vehicle/bridge interaction, to validate the concept. Results show that the standard deviation of inferred GVWs has a good correlation with the global bridge damage level.
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Paiella, Salvatore, Matteo De Pastena, Alessandro Esposito, Erica Secchettin, Luca Casetti, Giuseppe Malleo, Greta Montagnini, et al. "Modified Frailty Index to Assess Risk in Elderly Patients Undergoing Distal Pancreatectomy: A Retrospective Single-Center Study." World Journal of Surgery 46, no. 4 (January 13, 2022): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-021-06436-2.
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Abstract Background To compare the postoperative course of elderly patients (≥70 years) submitted to minimally invasive (MIDP) versus open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) and to evaluate if the modified Frailty Index (mFI) predicts the surgical course of elderly patients submitted to DP. Methods Data of patients aged ≥70 who underwent DP at a single institution between March 2011 and December 2019 were retrospectively retrieved. A 2:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to correct for differences in baseline characteristics. Then, postoperative complications were compared between the two groups (MIDP vs. ODP). Additionally, the entire cohort of DP elderly patients was stratified according to the mFI into three groups: non-frail (mFI = 0), mildly frail (mFI = 1/2), or severely frail (mFI = 3) and then compared. Results A total of 204 patients were analyzed. After PSM, 40 MIDP and 80 ODP patients were identified. The complications considered stratified homogenously between the two groups, with no statistically significant differences. The severity of the postoperative course increased as mFI did among the three groups regarding any complication (p = 0.022), abdominal collection (p = 0.014), pulmonary complication (p = 0.001), postoperative confusion (p = 0.047), Clavien-Dindo severity ≥3 events (p = 0.036), and length of stay (p = 0.018). Conclusions Elderly patients can be safely submitted to MIDP. The mFI identifies frail elderly patients more prone to develop surgical and non-surgical complications after DP.