Journal articles: 'MFA2'

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Sakae, Kotaro, Keiji Nagano, Miyuna Furuhashi, and Yoshiaki Hasegawa. "Diversity analysis of genes encoding Mfa1 fimbrial components in Porphyromonas gingivalis strains." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): e0255111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255111.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is associated with the development of periodontal disease. The genetic diversity in virulence factors, such as adhesive fimbriae, among its strains affects the bacterial pathogenicity. P. gingivalis generally expresses two distinct types of fimbriae, FimA and Mfa1. Although the genetic diversity of fimA, encoding the major FimA fimbrilin protein, has been characterized, the genes encoding the Mfa1 fimbrial components, including the Mfa1 to Mfa5 proteins, have not been fully studied. We, therefore, analyzed their genotypes in 12 uncharacterized and 62 known strains of P. gingivalis (74 strains in total). The mfa1 genotype was primarily classified into two genotypes, 53 and 70. Additionally, we found that genotype 70 could be further divided into two subtypes (70A and 70B). The diversity of mfa2 to mfa4 was consistent with the mfa1 genotype, although no subtype in genotype 70 was observed. Protein structure modeling showed high homology between the genotypes in Mfa1 to Mfa4. The mfa5 gene was classified into five genotypes (A to E) independent of other genotypes. Moreover, genotype A was further divided into two subtypes (A1 and A2). Surprisingly, some strains had two mfa5 genes, and the 2nd mfa5 exclusively occurred in genotype E. The Mfa5 protein in all genotypes showed a homologous C-terminal half, including the conserved C-terminal domain recognized by the type IX secretion system. Furthermore, the von Willebrand factor domain at the N-terminal was detected only in genotypes A to C. The mfa1 genotypes partially correlated with the ragA and ragB genotypes (located immediately downstream of the mfa gene cluster) but not with the fimA genotypes.

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Hasegawa, Yoshiaki, Jun Iwami, Keiko Sato, Yoonsuk Park, Kiyoshi Nishikawa, Tatsuo Atsumi, Keiichi Moriguchi, et al. "Anchoring and length regulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis Mfa1 fimbriae by the downstream gene product Mfa2." Microbiology 155, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 3333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.028928-0.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis, a causative agent of periodontitis, has at least two types of thin, single-stranded fimbriae, termed FimA and Mfa1 (according to the names of major subunits), which can be discriminated by filament length and by the size of their major fimbrilin subunits. FimA fimbriae are long filaments that are easily detached from cells, whereas Mfa1 fimbriae are short filaments that are tightly bound to cells. However, a P. gingivalis ATCC 33277-derived mutant deficient in mfa2, a gene downstream of mfa1, produced long filaments (10 times longer than those of the parent), easily detached from the cell surface, similar to FimA fimbriae. Longer Mfa1 fimbriae contributed to stronger autoaggregation of bacterial cells. Complementation of the mutant with the wild-type mfa2 allele in trans restored the parental phenotype. Mfa2 is present in the outer membrane of P. gingivalis, but does not co-purify with the Mfa1 fimbriae. However, co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Mfa2 and Mfa1 are associated with each other in whole P. gingivalis cells. Furthermore, immunogold microscopy, including double labelling, confirmed that Mfa2 was located on the cell surface and likely associated with Mfa1 fimbriae. Mfa2 may therefore play a role as an anchor for the Mfa1 fimbriae and also as a regulator of Mfa1 filament length. Two additional downstream genes (pgn0289 and pgn0290) are co-transcribed with mfa1 (pgn0287) and mfa2 (pgn0288), and proteins derived from pgn0289, pgn0290 and pgn0291 appear to be accessory fimbrial components.

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Michaelis, S., and I. Herskowitz. "The a-factor pheromone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for mating." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 3 (March 1988): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.3.1309-1318.1988.

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The Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone a-factor is produced by a cells and interacts with alpha cells to cause cell cycle arrest and other physiological responses associated with mating. Two a-factor structural genes, MFA1 and MFA2, have been previously cloned with synthetic probes based on the a-factor amino acid sequence (A. Brake, C. Brenner, R. Najarian, P. Laybourn, and J. Merryweather, cited in M.-J. Gething [ed.], Protein transport and secretion, 1985). We have examined the function of these genes in a-factor production and mating by construction and analysis of chromosomal null mutations. mfa1 and mfa2 single mutants each exhibited approximately half the wild-type level of a-factor activity and were proficient in mating, whereas the mfa1 mfa2 double mutant produced no a-factor and was unable to mate. These results demonstrate that both genes are functional, that each gene makes an equivalent contribution to the a-factor activity and mating capacity of a cells, and that a-factor plays an essential role in mating. Strikingly, exogenous a-factor did not alleviate the mating defect of the double mutant, suggesting that an a cell must be producing a-factor to be an effective mating partner.

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Michaelis, S., and I. Herskowitz. "The a-factor pheromone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for mating." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 3 (March 1988): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.3.1309.

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The Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone a-factor is produced by a cells and interacts with alpha cells to cause cell cycle arrest and other physiological responses associated with mating. Two a-factor structural genes, MFA1 and MFA2, have been previously cloned with synthetic probes based on the a-factor amino acid sequence (A. Brake, C. Brenner, R. Najarian, P. Laybourn, and J. Merryweather, cited in M.-J. Gething [ed.], Protein transport and secretion, 1985). We have examined the function of these genes in a-factor production and mating by construction and analysis of chromosomal null mutations. mfa1 and mfa2 single mutants each exhibited approximately half the wild-type level of a-factor activity and were proficient in mating, whereas the mfa1 mfa2 double mutant produced no a-factor and was unable to mate. These results demonstrate that both genes are functional, that each gene makes an equivalent contribution to the a-factor activity and mating capacity of a cells, and that a-factor plays an essential role in mating. Strikingly, exogenous a-factor did not alleviate the mating defect of the double mutant, suggesting that an a cell must be producing a-factor to be an effective mating partner.

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Vasudevan, Shobha, Nicole Garneau, Danny Tu Khounh, and Stuart W. Peltz. "p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Hog1p Regulates Translation of the AU-Rich-Element-Bearing MFA2 Transcript." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 22 (November 15, 2005): 9753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.22.9753-9763.2005.

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ABSTRACT AU-rich-element (ARE)-mediated mRNA regulation occurs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to external and internal stimuli through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Hog1p pathway. We demonstrate that the ARE-bearing MFA2 3′ untranslated region (UTR) controls translation efficiency in a p38 MAPK/Hog1p-dependent manner in response to carbon source growth conditions. The carbon source-regulated effect on MFA2 3′-UTR-controlled translation involves the role of conserved ARE binding proteins, the ELAV/TIA-1-like Pub1p, which can interact with the cap/eIF4G complex, and the translation/mRNA stability factor poly(A) binding protein (Pab1p). Pub1p binds the MFA2 3′-UTR in a p38 MAPK/Hog1p-regulated manner in response to carbon source growth conditions. Significantly, the p38 MAPK/Hog1p is also required to modulate Pab1p in response to carbon source. We find that Pab1p can bind the MFA2 3′-UTR in a regulated manner to control MFA2 3′-UTR reporter translation. Binding of full-length Pab1p to the MFA2 3′-UTR correlates with translation repression. Importantly, Pab1p binds the MFA2 3′-UTR only in a PUB1 strain, and correlating with this requirement, Pub1p controls translation repression of MFA2 in a carbon source/Hog1p-regulated manner. These results suggest that the p38 MAPK/Hog1p pathway regulates 3′-UTR-mediated translation by modulating recruitment of Pab1p and Pub1p, which can interact with the translation machinery.

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Duttagupta, Radharani, Shobha Vasudevan, Carol J. Wilusz, and Stuart W. Peltz. "A Yeast Homologue of Hsp70, Ssa1p, Regulates Turnover of the MFA2 Transcript through Its AU-Rich 3′ Untranslated Region." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 8 (April 15, 2003): 2623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.8.2623-2632.2003.

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ABSTRACT Many eukaryotic mRNAs exhibit regulated decay in response to cellular signals. AU-rich elements (AREs) identified in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of several such mRNAs play a critical role in controlling the half-lives of these transcripts. The yeast ARE-containing mRNA, MFA2, has been studied extensively and is degraded by a deadenylation-dependent mechanism. However, the trans-acting factors that promote the rapid decay of MFA2 have not been identified. Our results suggest that the chaperone protein Hsp70, encoded by the SSA family of genes, is involved in modulating MFA2 mRNA decay. MFA2 is specifically stabilized in a strain bearing a temperature-sensitive mutation in the SSA1 gene. Furthermore, an AU-rich region within the 3′-UTR of the message is both necessary and sufficient to confer this regulation. Stabilization occurs as a result of slower deadenylation in the ssa1ts strain, suggesting that Hsp70 is required for activation of the turnover pathway.

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Aronov, Stella, Saray Dover-Biterman, Edith Suss-Toby, Michael Shmoish, Lea Duek, and Mordechai Choder. "Pheromone-encoding mRNA is transported to the yeast mating projection by specific RNP granules." Journal of Cell Biology 209, no. 6 (June 22, 2015): 829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201408045.

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Association of messenger RNAs with large complexes such as processing bodies (PBs) plays a pivotal role in regulating their translation and decay. Little is known about other possible functions of these assemblies. Exposure of haploid yeast cells, carrying mating type “a,” to “α pheromone” stimulates polarized growth resulting in a “shmoo” projection; it also induces synthesis of “a pheromone,” encoded by MFA2. In this paper, we show that, in response to α pheromone, MFA2 mRNA is assembled with two types of granules; both contain some canonical PB proteins, yet they differ in size, localization, motility, and sensitivity to cycloheximide. Remarkably, one type is involved in mRNA transport to the tip of the shmoo, whereas the other—in local translation in the shmoo. Normal assembly of these granules is critical for their movement, localization, and for mating. Thus, MFA2 mRNAs are transported to the shmoo tip, in complex with PB-like particles, where they are locally translated.

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Geva, Polina, Konstantin Komoshvili, and Stella Liberman-Aronov. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Tracking of MFA2 mRNA Molecules in Mating Yeast." Cells 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9102151.

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Intracellular mRNA transport contributes to the spatio-temporal regulation of mRNA function and localized translation. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, asymmetric mRNA transport localizes ~30 specific mRNAs including those encoding polarity and secretion factors, to the bud tip. The underlying process involves RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), molecular motors, processing bodies (PBs), and the actin cytoskeleton. Recently, pheromone a-factor expression in mating yeast was discovered to depend on proper localization of its mRNA, MFA2 mRNAs in conjunction with PBs cluster at the shmoo tip to form “mating bodies”, from which a-factor is locally expressed. The mechanism ensuring the correct targeting of mRNA to the shmoo tip is poorly understood. Here we analyzed the kinetics and trajectories of MFA2 mRNA transport in living, alpha-factor treated yeast. Two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) analyses allowed us to reconstruct the granule tracks and estimate granule velocities. Tracking analysis of single MFA2 mRNA granules, labeled using a fluorescent aptamer system, demonstrated three types movement: vibrational, oscillatory and translocational. The mRNA granule transport was complex; a granule could change its movement behavior and composition during its journey to the shmoo. Processing body assembly and the actin-based motor, Myo4p, were involved in movement of MFA2 mRNA to the shmoo, but neither was required, indicating that multiple mechanisms for translocation were at play. Our visualization studies present a dynamic view of the localization mechanism in shmoo-bearing cells.

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9

Hirschhorn, J. N., and F. Winston. "SPT3 is required for normal levels of a-factor and alpha-factor expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 2 (February 1988): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.2.822-827.1988.

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Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT3 gene were previously found to cause suppression of Ty and delta insertion mutations in 5'-noncoding regions of genes. This suppression likely results from the fact that SPT3 is required for transcription initiation in delta sequences. Other additional phenotypes of spt3 mutants, including a mating defect, suggest that SPT3 is required for normal levels of expression of other genes. We analyzed the mating defect in spt3 mutants and showed that the levels of transcripts of the three major mating pheromone genes, MF alpha 1, MFa1, MFa2, were all reduced. The reduction in expression of these genes in spt3 mutants was not due to expression of a silent mating type cassette. Furthermore, we showed that the spt3 mating defect was manifest at the levels of both cellular fusion and nuclear fusion.

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Hirschhorn, J. N., and F. Winston. "SPT3 is required for normal levels of a-factor and alpha-factor expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 2 (February 1988): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.2.822.

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Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT3 gene were previously found to cause suppression of Ty and delta insertion mutations in 5'-noncoding regions of genes. This suppression likely results from the fact that SPT3 is required for transcription initiation in delta sequences. Other additional phenotypes of spt3 mutants, including a mating defect, suggest that SPT3 is required for normal levels of expression of other genes. We analyzed the mating defect in spt3 mutants and showed that the levels of transcripts of the three major mating pheromone genes, MF alpha 1, MFa1, MFa2, were all reduced. The reduction in expression of these genes in spt3 mutants was not due to expression of a silent mating type cassette. Furthermore, we showed that the spt3 mating defect was manifest at the levels of both cellular fusion and nuclear fusion.

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Muhlrad, D., and R. Parker. "Mutations affecting stability and deadenylation of the yeast MFA2 transcript." Genes & Development 6, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2100–2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.11.2100.

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Zhang, Zhizhou, Ushasri Varanasi, and Robert J. Trumbly. "Functional Dissection of the Global Repressor Tup1 in Yeast: Dominant Role of the C-Terminal Repression Domain." Genetics 161, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/161.3.957.

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Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tup1, in association with Cyc8 (Ssn6), functions as a general repressor of transcription. Tup1 and Cyc8 are required for repression of diverse families of genes coordinately controlled by glucose repression, mating type, and other mechanisms. This repression is mediated by recruitment of the Cyc8-Tup1 complex to target promoters by sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. We created a library of XhoI linker insertions and internal in-frame deletion mutations within the TUP1 coding region. Insertion mutations outside of the WD domains were wild type, while insertions within the WD domains induced mutant phenotypes with differential effects on the target genes SUC2, MFA2, RNR2, and HEM13. Deletion mutations confirmed previous findings of two separate repression domains in the N and C termini. The cumulative data suggest that the C-terminal repression domain, located near the first WD repeat, plays the dominant role in repression. Although the N-terminal repression domain is sufficient for partial repression, deletion of this region does not compromise repression. Surprisingly, deletion of the majority of the histone-binding domain of Tup1 also does not significantly reduce repression. The N-terminal region containing potential α-helical coiled coils is required for Tup1 oligomerization and association with Cyc8. Association with Cyc8 is required for repression of SUC2, HEM13, and RNR2 but not MFA2 and STE2.

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Doktycz, M. J., F. W. Larimer, M. Pastrnak, and A. Stevens. "Comparative analyses of the secondary structures of synthetic and intracellular yeast MFA2 mRNAs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, no. 25 (December 8, 1998): 14614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.25.14614.

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Morse, N. R. "Photoreactivation of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in the MFA2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Nucleic Acids Research 30, no. 8 (April 15, 2002): 1799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.8.1799.

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Muhlrad, D., C. J. Decker, and R. Parker. "Turnover mechanisms of the stable yeast PGK1 mRNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 4 (April 1995): 2145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.4.2145.

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The first step in the decay of several yeast mRNAs is the shortening of the poly(A) tail, which for the MFA2 transcript triggers decapping and 5'-to-3' degradation. To understand the basis for differences in mRNA decay rates, it is important to determine if deadenylation-dependent decapping is specific to the unstable MFA2 transcript or is a general mechanism of mRNA degradation. To this end, we analyzed the turnover of the stable PGK1 mRNA by monitoring the decay of a pulse of newly synthesized transcripts while using two strategies to trap decay intermediates. First, we used strains deleted for the XRN1 gene, which encodes a major 5'-to-3' exonuclease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In xrn1 delta cells, PGK1 transcripts lacking the 5' cap structure and a few nucleotides at the 5' end were detected after deadenylation. Second, we inserted into the PGK1 5' untranslated region strong RNA secondary structures, which can slow exonucleolytic digestion and thereby trap decay intermediates. These secondary structures led to the accumulation of PGK1 mRNA fragments, following deadenylation, trimmed from the 5' end to the site of the secondary structure. The insertion of strong secondary structures into the 5' untranslated region also inhibited translation of the mRNA and greatly stimulated the decay of the PGK1 transcripts, suggesting that translation of the PGK1 mRNA is required for its normally slow rate of decay. These results suggest that one mechanism of degradation of the PGK1 transcript is deadenylation followed by decapping and subsequent 5'-to-3' exonucleolytic degradation. In addition, by blocking the 5'-to-3' degradation process, we observed PGK1 mRNA fragments that are consistent with a 3'-to-5' pathway of mRNA turnover that is slightly slower than the decapping/5'-to-3' decay pathway. These observations indicate that there are multiple mechanisms by which an individual transcript can be degraded following deadenylation.

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Yu, Yachuan, and Raymond Waters. "Histone Acetylation, Chromatin Remodelling and Nucleotide Excision Repair: Hint from the Study on MFA2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Cell Cycle 4, no. 8 (May 13, 2005): 1043–4045. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.4.8.1928.

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Teng, Y. "The mapping of nucleosomes and regulatory protein binding sites at the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MFA2 gene: a high resolution approach." Nucleic Acids Research 29, no. 13 (July 1, 2001): 64e—64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.13.e64.

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Beelman, C. A., and R. Parker. "Differential effects of translational inhibition in cis and in trans on the decay of the unstable yeast MFA2 mRNA." Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, no. 13 (April 1994): 9687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36937-5.

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Bonnerot, Claire, Ronald Boeck, and Bruno Lapeyre. "The Two Proteins Pat1p (Mrt1p) and Spb8p Interact In Vivo, Are Required for mRNA Decay, and Are Functionally Linked to Pab1p." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 16 (August 15, 2000): 5939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.16.5939-5946.2000.

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ABSTRACT We report here the characterization of a bypass suppressor ofpab1Δ which leads to a fourfold stabilization of the unstable MFA2 mRNA. Cloning of the wild-type gene for that suppressor reveals that it is identical to PAT1 (YCR077c), a gene whose product was reported to interact with Top2p.PAT1 is not an essential gene, but its deletion leads to a thermosensitive phenotype. Further analysis has shown thatPAT1 is allelic with mrt1-3, a mutation previously reported to affect decapping and to bypass suppresspab1Δ, as is also the case for dcp1,spb8, and mrt3. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that Pat1p is associated with Spb8p. On sucrose gradients, the two proteins cosediment with fractions containing the polysomes. In the absence of Pat1p, however, Spb8p no longer cofractionates with the polysomes, while the removal of Spb8p leads to a sharp decrease in the level of Pat1p. Our results suggest that some of the factors involved in mRNA degradation could be associated with the mRNA that is still being translated, awaiting a specific signal to commit the mRNA to the degradation pathway.

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Soto, Pablo F., Pilar Herrero, Andrew M. Kates, Carmen S. Dence, Ali A. Ehsani, Victor Dávila-Román, Kenneth B. Schechtman, and Robert J. Gropler. "Impact of aging on myocardial metabolic response to dobutamine." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 285, no. 5 (November 2003): H2158—H2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00086.2003.

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In humans, under resting conditions there is an age-related decrease in myocardial fatty acid utilization (MFAU) and oxidation (MFAO) and a relative increase in myocardial glucose utilization (MGU). The impact of age on an individual's myocardial metabolic response to catecholamines is not well defined. Sixteen younger (mean age, 26 ± 5 yr) and 14 older (mean age, 69 ± 4 yr) volunteers underwent positron emission tomography to measure myocardial blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇o2), MFAU, MFAO, and MGU both under resting conditions and during dobutamine infusion. In response to dobutamine administration, the rate-pressure product, myocardial blood flow, and MV̇o2 measurements increased by similar amounts in both groups. No age-related differences were noted in the responses of plasma insulin, glucose, fatty acid, or lactate levels to dobutamine. With dobutamine infusion, MFAU and MFAO increased by a similar extent in both younger and older volunteers (age/dobutamine interactions, P = 0.62 and 0.75, respectively). In contrast, MGU increased with dobutamine administration in the younger (from 149 ± 71 to 209 ± 78 nmol · g–1 · min–1; P = 0.04) but not in the older (from 235 ± 147 to 176 ± 84 nmol · g–1 · min–1; P = 0.23; age/dobutamine interaction, P = 0.03) group. With dobutamine infusion, hearts in both younger and older volunteers responded by increasing their MFAU and MFAO values. Whereas younger hearts also responded with an increase in MGU, older hearts did not. Although the clinical significance of these findings awaits further study, these results may partially explain the impaired contractile reserve and the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in older individuals.

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Sengsri, Pasakorn, and Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Local Failure Modes and Critical Buckling Loads of a Meta-Functional Auxetic Sandwich Core for Composite Bridge Bearing Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 10844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210844.

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This paper presents a novel meta-functional auxetic unit (MFAU) cell designed to improve performance and weight ratio for structural bridge bearing applications. Numerical investigations were conducted using three-dimensional finite element models validated by experimental results. The validated models were exposed to compression and buckling actions to identify structural failure modes, with special attention placed on the global behaviours of the meta-functional auxetic (MFA) composite bridge bearing. This bearing uses an unprecedented auxetic sandwich core design consisting of multiple MFAU cells. Numerical predictions of the elastic local critical buckling loads of the MFAU cell were in excellent agreement with both the analytical and experimental results, with an observed discrepancy of less than 1%. These results demonstrate that local buckling failures of MFAU cells can potentially be incurred prior to yielding under compression due to their slenderness ratios. Surprisingly, the designed sandwich core used in the MFA composite bridge bearing model can mimic an auxetic structure with significant crashworthiness, implying that this novel core composite structure can be tailored for structural bridge bearing applications. Parametric studies were thus carried out in order to enrich our insight into the MFA composite elements. These insights, stemming from both experimental and numerical studies, enable a novel design paradigm for MFAU that can significantly enhance the structural performance of MFA composite bridge bearings in practice.

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Ando, Kosei, Mayu Mizutani, Keisuke Toba, and Hiroyuki Yamamoto. "Dependence of Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus on microfibril angle (MFA) in wood." Holzforschung 72, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0091.

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AbstractMicrofibril angle (MFA) is a major structural variable that describes the fine structure of the cell wall in wood. In this study, the relationships between the MFA of the S2 layer and the Poisson’s ratios and Young’s moduli (modulus of elasticity, MOE) of five wood species (agathis, larch, Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress and ginkgo) were determined by analyzing both their normal and compression woods. It was found that both the longitudinal MOE (MOEL) and MOE of the cell-wall substance (MOEW) decreased with increasing MFA, while the peaks values of Poisson’s ratio (νLT) were obtained at MFAs of ≈25°. In particular, at MFAs lower than 25°, theνLTincreased with increasing MFA, and the opposite relationship was observed at MFA values exceeding 25°. This trend is in good agreement with the estimates obtained based on the theory of orthotropic elasticity with the underlying assumption that the orthotropic elasticity of materials is MFA-dependent. Hence, the MFA parameter incorporated into the orthotropic elasticity theory is useful for determination of the Poisson’s ratio.

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Dorer, Russell, Charles Boone, Tyler Kimbrough, Joshua Kim, and Leland H. Hartwell. "Genetic Analysis of Default Mating Behavior in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 146, no. 1 (May 1, 1997): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.1.39.

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Haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells find each other during conjugation by orienting their growth toward each other along pheromone gradients (chemotropism). However, when their receptors are saturated for pheromone binding, yeast cells must select a mate by executing a default pathway in which they choose a mating partner at random. We previously demonstrated that this default pathway requires the SPA2 gene. In this report we show that the default mating pathway also requires the AXL1, FUS1, FUS2, FUS3, PEAZ, RVS161, and BNI1 genes. These genes, including SPA2, are also important for efficient cell fusion during chemotropic mating. Cells containing null mutations in these genes display defects in cell fusion that subtly affect mating efficiency. In addition, we found that the defect in default mating caused by mutations in SPA2 is partially suppressed by multiple copies of two genes, FUS2 and MFA2. These findings uncover a molecular relationship between default mating and cell fusion. Moreover, because axl1 mutants secrete reduced levels of a-factor and are defective at both cell fusion and default mating, these results reveal an important role for a-factor in cell fusion and default mating. We suggest that default mating places a more stringent requirement on some aspects of cell fusion than does chemotropic mating.

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Ford, Amanda S., Qiaoning Guan, Eric Neeno-Eckwall, and Michael R. Culbertson. "Ebs1p, a Negative Regulator of Gene Expression Controlled by the Upf Proteins in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 2 (February 2006): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.5.2.301-312.2006.

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ABSTRACT Mutations in EBS1 were identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that cosuppress missense, frameshift, and nonsense mutations. Evidence from studies of loss of function and overexpression of EBS1 suggests that Ebs1p affects gene expression by inhibiting translation and that a loss of EBS1 function causes suppression by increasing the rate of translation. Changes in EBS1 expression levels alter the expression of wild-type genes, but, in general, no changes in mRNA abundance were associated with a loss of function or overexpression of EBS1. Translation of a lacZ reporter was increased in strains carrying an ebs1-Δ mutant gene, whereas translation was decreased when EBS1 was overexpressed. The cap binding protein eIF-4E copurifies with Ebs1p in the absence of RNA, suggesting that the two proteins interact in vivo. Although physical and genetic interactions were detected between Ebs1p and Dcp1p, copurification was RNase sensitive, and changes in the expression of Ebs1p had little to no effect on decapping of the MFA2 transcript. The combined results suggest that Ebs1p inhibits translation, most likely through effects on eIF-4E rather than on decapping. Finally, EBS1 transcript levels are under the control of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), providing the first example of an NMD-sensitive transcript whose protein product influences a step in gene expression required for NMD.

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Nakada, R., Y. Fujisawa, and Y. Hirakawa. "Effects of Clonal Selection by Microfibril Angle on the Genetic Improvement of Stiffness in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don." Holzforschung 57, no. 5 (August 20, 2003): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2003.082.

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Summary The microfibril angle (MFA) of latewood tracheids and its radial variation at breast height in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (sugi) were investigated with twelve clones collected from three sites in the Kyushu region, Japan. Large variations both between clones and between sites were observed. The MFAs were well correlated to the stiffness of the logs collected from the sample trees. A simulation of clonal selection according to the ranking of the clones in MFA demonstrated that the log stiffness of the selected population was much improved even when the selection relied on MFAs in the second ring from the pith. The improvement in log stiffness by MFA selection was not different from the selection by log stiffness itself. The results indicate that early selection by MFA is very effective in improving log stiffness in this species.

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Muhlrad, D., C. J. Decker, and R. Parker. "Deadenylation of the unstable mRNA encoded by the yeast MFA2 gene leads to decapping followed by 5'-->3' digestion of the transcript." Genes & Development 8, no. 7 (April 1, 1994): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.8.7.855.

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Manor, Ilan, and Rhys Crilley. "Visually framing the Gaza War of 2014: The Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Twitter." Media, War & Conflict 11, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 369–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635218780564.

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Recent years have seen the migration of Ministries of Foreign Affairs (MFAs) to social media in a practice referred to as digital diplomacy. Social media enable MFAs to craft frames so as to influence audiences’ perception of foreign affairs. Such framing is especially relevant during times of war as states seek to legitimize their policies. Notably, given that social media are inherently visual platforms, MFAs are now visual narrators. Few studies to date have extended the reach of framing theory to that of digital diplomacy during conflict. This study addresses this gap by analysing 795 tweets published by the Israeli MFA during the 2014 Gaza War. The authors’ analysis demonstrates that the Israeli MFA crafted 14 linguistic frames that were used to legitimize Israel’s policies. Notably, the MFA used images to support these frames and it is through images that the linguistic frames were made to resonate with Israeli strategic narratives. The authors pay attention to how images published by the Israeli MFA constitute three visual tropes and highlight how images function to augment frames (which focus on the present) to broader narratives that involve the past, present and future. Here, they explore how images invoke the past to illuminate the present and future, and create a shared identity in the context of the Gaza War.

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Hasegawa, Y., Y. Iijima, K. Persson, K. Nagano, Y. Yoshida, R. J. Lamont, T. Kikuchi, A. Mitani, and F. Yoshimura. "Role of Mfa5 in Expression of Mfa1 Fimbriae inPorphyromonas gingivalis." Journal of Dental Research 95, no. 11 (July 21, 2016): 1291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034516655083.

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Manor, Ilan, and Rhys Crilley. "The Mediatisation of MFAS: Diplomacy in the New Media Ecology." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 15, no. 1-2 (September 18, 2019): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-15101051.

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Summary The proliferation of social media has had a profound impact on the practice of diplomacy; diplomats can bypass the press and communicate their messages directly to online audiences. Subsequently, ministries of foreign affairs (MFAS) are now mediatised; they produce media content, circulate content through social media and adopt media logics in their daily operations. Through a case study of the Israeli MFA during the 2014 Gaza War, this article explores the mediatisation of MFAS. It does so by analysing how the Israeli MFA crafted frames through which online audiences could understand the war and demonstrates that these frames evolved as the conflict unfolded. It then draws attention to the important way in which MFAS are now media actors through a statistical analysis, which demonstrates that the use of images in tweets increased engagement with the Israeli MFA’s frames. Finally, the article illustrates how these frames were used to legitimize Israel’s actions, and delegitimise those of Hamas.

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Lee, Mark, Sukalyan Chatterjee, and Kevin Struhl. "Genetic Analysis of the Role of Pol II Holoenzyme Components in Repression by the Cyc8-Tup1 Corepressor in Yeast." Genetics 155, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 1535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.4.1535.

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Abstract The Cyc8-Tup1 corepressor complex is targeted to promoters by pathway-specific DNA-binding repressors, thereby inhibiting the transcription of specific classes of genes. Genetic screens have identified mutations in a variety of Pol II holoenzyme components (Srb8, Srb9, Srb10, Srb11, Sin4, Rgr1, Rox3, and Hrs1) and in the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4 that weaken repression by Cyc8-Tup1. Here, we analyze the effect of individual and multiple mutations in many of these components on transcriptional repression of natural promoters that are regulated by Cyc8-Tup1. In all cases tested, individual mutations have a very modest effect on SUC2 RNA levels and no detectable effect on levels of ANB1, MFA2, and RNR2. Furthermore, multiple mutations within the Srb components, between Srbs and Sin4, and between Srbs and histone tails affect Cyc8-Tup1 repression to the same modest extent as the individual mutations. These results argue that the weak effects of the various mutations on repression by Cyc8-Tup1 are not due to redundancy among components of the Pol II machinery, and they argue against a simple redundancy between the holoenzyme and chromatin pathways. In addition, phenotypic analysis indicates that, although Srbs8–11 are indistinguishable with respect to Cyc8-Tup1 repression, the individual Srbs are functionally distinct in other respects. Genetic interactions among srb mutations imply that a balance between the activities of Srb8 + Srb10 and Srb11 is important for normal cell growth.

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Wang, Hankun, Zixuan Yu, Xuexia Zhang, Dan Ren, and Yan Yu. "The combined effects of initial microfibrillar angle and moisture contents on the tensile mechanical properties and angle alteration of wood foils during tension." Holzforschung 71, no. 6 (June 27, 2017): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2016-0138.

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Abstract The combined effects of initial microfibril angle (MFA) and moisture content (MC) on the longitudinal tensile properties of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) wood foils has been investigated. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRDsyn) combined with a custom-built microtensile device was applied for in situ monitoring of the MFA alterations in the foils under different initial MFAs and MCs conditions. The results demonstrate that the tensile properties are highly negatively correlated to both MFA and MC. Furthermore, the tensile modulus is more sensitive to MC change than tensile strength. At a higher MFA, the sensitivity of the two mechanical indicators to MC alteration is enhanced.

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Yuan, Y. L., and S. Fields. "Properties of the DNA-binding domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 protein." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (December 1991): 5910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.5910-5918.1991.

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The STE12 protein of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds to the pheromone response element (PRE) present in the upstream region of genes whose transcription is induced by pheromone. Using DNase I footprinting assays with bacterially made STE12 fragments, we localized the DNA-binding domain to 164 amino acids near the amino terminus. Footprinting of oligonucleotide-derived sequences containing one PRE, or two PREs in head-to-tail or tail-to-tail orientation, showed that the N-terminal 215 amino acids of STE12 has similar binding affinity to either of the dimer sites and a binding affinity 5- to 10-fold lower for the monomer site. This binding cooperativity was also evident on a fragment from the MFA2 gene, which encodes the a-factor pheromone. On this fragment, the 215-amino-acid STE12 fragment protected both a consensus PRE as well as a degenerate PRE containing an additional residue. Mutation of the degenerate site led to a 5- to 10-fold decrease in binding; mutation of the consensus site led to a 25-fold decrease in binding. The ability of PREs to function as pheromone-inducible upstream activation sequences in yeast correlated with their ability to bind the STE12 domain in vitro. The sequence of the STE12 DNA-binding domain contains similarities to the homeodomain, although it is highly diverged from other known examples of this motif. Moreover, the alignment between STE12 and the homeodomain postulates loops after both the putative helix 1 and helix 2 of the STE12 sequence.

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Yuan, Y. L., and S. Fields. "Properties of the DNA-binding domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 protein." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (December 1991): 5910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.5910.

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The STE12 protein of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds to the pheromone response element (PRE) present in the upstream region of genes whose transcription is induced by pheromone. Using DNase I footprinting assays with bacterially made STE12 fragments, we localized the DNA-binding domain to 164 amino acids near the amino terminus. Footprinting of oligonucleotide-derived sequences containing one PRE, or two PREs in head-to-tail or tail-to-tail orientation, showed that the N-terminal 215 amino acids of STE12 has similar binding affinity to either of the dimer sites and a binding affinity 5- to 10-fold lower for the monomer site. This binding cooperativity was also evident on a fragment from the MFA2 gene, which encodes the a-factor pheromone. On this fragment, the 215-amino-acid STE12 fragment protected both a consensus PRE as well as a degenerate PRE containing an additional residue. Mutation of the degenerate site led to a 5- to 10-fold decrease in binding; mutation of the consensus site led to a 25-fold decrease in binding. The ability of PREs to function as pheromone-inducible upstream activation sequences in yeast correlated with their ability to bind the STE12 domain in vitro. The sequence of the STE12 DNA-binding domain contains similarities to the homeodomain, although it is highly diverged from other known examples of this motif. Moreover, the alignment between STE12 and the homeodomain postulates loops after both the putative helix 1 and helix 2 of the STE12 sequence.

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Teng, Yumin, Yachuan Yu, and Raymond Waters. "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone acetyltransferase gcn5 has a role in the photoreactivation and nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in the MFA2 gene." Journal of Molecular Biology 316, no. 3 (February 2002): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2001.5383.

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LaGRANDEUR, THOMAS, and ROY PARKER. "The cis acting sequences responsible for the differential decay of the unstable MFA2 and stable PGK1 transcripts in yeast include the context of the translational start codon." RNA 5, no. 3 (March 1999): 420–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355838299981748.

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Marcus, S., G. A. Caldwell, D. Miller, C. B. Xue, F. Naider, and J. M. Becker. "Significance of C-terminal cysteine modifications to the biological activity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-factor mating pheromone." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 7 (July 1991): 3603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.7.3603-3612.1991.

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We have undertaken total synthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-factor (NH2-YIIKGVFWDPAC[S-farnesyl]-COOCH3) and several Cys-12 analogs to determine the significance of S-farnesylation and carboxy-terminal methyl esterification to the biological activity of this lipopeptide mating pheromone. Replacement of either the farnesyl group or the carboxy-terminal methyl ester by a hydrogen atom resulted in marked reduction but not total loss of bioactivity as measured by a variety of assays. Moreover, both the farnesyl and methyl ester groups could be replaced by other substituents to produce biologically active analogs. The bioactivity of a-factor decreased as the number of prenyl units on the cysteine sulfur decreased from three to one, and an a-factor analog having the S-farnesyl group replaced by an S-hexadecanyl group was more active than an S-methyl a-factor analog. Thus, with two types of modifications, a-factor activity increased as the S-alkyl group became bulkier and more hydrophobic. MATa cells having deletions of the a-factor structural genes (mfal1 mfa2 mutants) were capable of mating with either sst2 or wild-type MAT alpha cells in the presence of exogenous a-factor, indicating that it is not absolutely essential for MATa cells to actively produce a-factor in order to mate. Various a-factor analogs were found to partially restore mating to these strains as well, and their relative activities in the mating restoration assay were similar to their activities in the other assays used in this study. Mating was not restored by addition of exogenous a-factor to a cross of a wild-type MAT alpha strain and a MATaste6 mutant, indicating a role of the STE6 gene product in mating in addition to its secretion of a-factor.

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Marcus, S., G. A. Caldwell, D. Miller, C. B. Xue, F. Naider, and J. M. Becker. "Significance of C-terminal cysteine modifications to the biological activity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-factor mating pheromone." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 7 (July 1991): 3603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.7.3603.

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We have undertaken total synthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-factor (NH2-YIIKGVFWDPAC[S-farnesyl]-COOCH3) and several Cys-12 analogs to determine the significance of S-farnesylation and carboxy-terminal methyl esterification to the biological activity of this lipopeptide mating pheromone. Replacement of either the farnesyl group or the carboxy-terminal methyl ester by a hydrogen atom resulted in marked reduction but not total loss of bioactivity as measured by a variety of assays. Moreover, both the farnesyl and methyl ester groups could be replaced by other substituents to produce biologically active analogs. The bioactivity of a-factor decreased as the number of prenyl units on the cysteine sulfur decreased from three to one, and an a-factor analog having the S-farnesyl group replaced by an S-hexadecanyl group was more active than an S-methyl a-factor analog. Thus, with two types of modifications, a-factor activity increased as the S-alkyl group became bulkier and more hydrophobic. MATa cells having deletions of the a-factor structural genes (mfal1 mfa2 mutants) were capable of mating with either sst2 or wild-type MAT alpha cells in the presence of exogenous a-factor, indicating that it is not absolutely essential for MATa cells to actively produce a-factor in order to mate. Various a-factor analogs were found to partially restore mating to these strains as well, and their relative activities in the mating restoration assay were similar to their activities in the other assays used in this study. Mating was not restored by addition of exogenous a-factor to a cross of a wild-type MAT alpha strain and a MATaste6 mutant, indicating a role of the STE6 gene product in mating in addition to its secretion of a-factor.

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Borges Rubin, Bárbara, Jéssica Puchalski Trettim, Carolina Coelho Scholl, Fernanda Teixeira Coelho, Elisa Freire Puccinelli, Mariana Bonati de Matos, Gabriele Ghisleni, Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro, and Luciana de Avila Quevedo. "Maternal-fetal attachment and social-emotional development in infants at 3 months of age: A population-based study in southern Brazil." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 16, no. 2 (December 9, 2022): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.6693.

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Studies relate Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) to delays in child development, however, the relationship with the social-emotional development is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between MFA and social-emotional development in infants at 3 months old, in a population-based sample in southern Brazil. This was a follow-up study corresponding to second and third wave of a population-based cohort study with pregnant women who were living in Pelotas (Southern Brazil). Social-emotional development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - Third Edition (BSID-III) and MFA was measured with the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS). The sample consisted of 702 mother-infant dyads. In the adjusted analysis, MFA was a predictor of social-emotional development, even when controlled for sociodemographic, maternal mental health and infant characteristics. Thus, with each increase to one point in the MFA score, there was an increase of β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.05, 0.23] in the social-emotional development score. These findings highlight the importance of MFA in early child development. Thus, infants with positive experiences of affection since the gestational period will be able to develop positive social and emotional health.

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Hadžić, Neven, Marko Tomić, Nikola Vladimir, and Ivo Senjanović. "Some Aspects of Mega-Floating Airport Design and Production." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science Special edition, no. 1 (April 2016): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2016-00.81.

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Mega-Floating Airports (MFA) are unique and complex offshore transport system components that emerged as a consequence of tremendous land price increase in the vicinity of very large coastal cities. An overview of MFAs design and production aspects is presented within this paper including design concept, model tests and full scale measurement, air transport analysis, infrastructure, main particulars and structure, wave breaker, hydroelastic analysis due to wave load and airplane moving mass, mooring analysis, production technology and environmental aspects. MFA dynamic response due to airplane load is emphasized as the most challenging problem. Theoretical outline as well as a realistic illustrative numerical example are presented.

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Al-Jarf, Reima. "Enhancing EFL Students' Reading and Appreciation Skills with Mobile Fiction Apps." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 2, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.3.

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The present study proposes the integration of mobile fiction Apps (MFAs) in reading instruction to help EFL college students understand the form and content of literary works. It will give examples of fiction Apps that can be downloaded from the Google Play and iPhone App Stores, give the advantages of using MFAs, literary appreciation skills that can be developed with MFAs and instructional stages with MFAs. MFAs can be used as extension activities or as a supplement to in-class reading instruction in ESL/EFL. They are free, easy, and quick to download, update and delete, can be used anywhere, anytime and as many times as the students need. Instruction with smart mobile phones begins with downloading an MFA such as Harry Potter, Oliver Twist, Sherlock Holmes, Wuthering Heights, a novel by Agatha Christi or a collection of stories. Both simplified and original versions can be used depending on the student’s proficiency level, story/novel length and difficulty level. A story/novel video, app or e-book can be used online or offline. Some MFAs provide notes and tests. The instructor can ask pre-questions that require the students to identify the plot, setting, characters, main theme, point of view, symbolism, style, and tone of the narrative, and infer the meanings of figurative language and imagery in the story. Questions and students’ answers, summaries, comments on each other's' responses can be posted in an online discussion forum, blog or social media page. The students can discuss the elements of a literary work under the instructor's supervision. The integration of fiction Apps showed improved reading comprehension, literary appreciation and text analysis skills among participating students and increased their engagement in reading and literary analysis.

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Yu, Shirong, Yumin Teng, Noel F. Lowndes, and Raymond Waters. "RAD9, RAD24, RAD16 and RAD26 are required for the inducible nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers from the transcribed and non-transcribed regions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MFA2 gene." Mutation Research/DNA Repair 485, no. 3 (April 2001): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8777(01)00061-1.

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42

Ohrndorf, Sarah, Marie-Christin Weber, Sandra Hermann, Karlfried Aupperle, Beate Follendorf, Daniela Krahl, Anne Kücük, et al. "Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) im rheumatologischen Praxisalltag – App hat sich bewährt." Aktuelle Rheumatologie 58, no. 01 (February 5, 2018): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-122674.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Patient-reported-outcomes (PROs) haben einen zunehmenden Einfluss auf die unmittelbare Therapieentscheidung des Arztes in der klinischen Praxis. Zielstellung Überprüfung der Integration und des Nutzens von elektronisch erhobenen PROs per ScoreCheck Rheuma®-App (SCR App) im klinischen Praxisalltag der rheumatologischen Fachambulanz (Dispensaire) der Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin in Hinblick auf Praxistauglich, Patientenakzeptanz und medizinischen Mehrwert. Patienten und Methoden N=190 Patienten (63% weiblich, mittleres Alter: 55 Jahre, min 23-max 82; Diagnosen: 52,9% Rheumatoide Arthritis, 28,6% Spondyloarthritis, 9,3% Kollagenosen, 3,6% Vaskulitis, 5,6% sonstiges) sowie 3 medizinische Fachangestellte (MFA) und 3 Ärzte (Rheumatologen) haben an diesem Pilotprojekt teilgenommen. Die folgenden PROs wurden elektronisch mittels SCR App von den eingeschlossenen Patienten ausgefüllt: FFbH (Funktionsfragebogen Hannover), BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) und BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) sowie ein Fragebogen zur Selbsteinschätzung. Zusätzlich wurde für jeden eingeschlossenen Patienten je ein Beurteilungs-Protokoll vom Patienten selbst, von der zuständigen MFA und vom betreuenden Arzt ausgefüllt. Ergebnisse Von den 190 teilnehmenden Patienten gaben 147 (77%) an, Vorerfahrungen mit Touchpad-Geräten zu haben. 96% der Patienten fühlten sich außerdem gut bis sehr gut in die Bedienung des iPADs und der SCR App durch die MFAs eingewiesen und fanden das Ausfüllen der Fragebögen auf dem iPAD einfach; Schwierigkeiten, wie z. B. mit der Schriftgröße, der Handhabung, usw. wurden nur von 10% der Patienten angegeben. Immerhin 74% der Patienten wünschten sich den vermehrten Einsatz elektronischer Hilfsmittel beim Arztbesuch und 75% bevorzugten den Einsatz des iPADs gegenüber dem Ausfüllen der Fragebögen auf Papier. Die MFAs gaben in über 80% der Fälle an, dass die Patienten die Fragebögen zu den PROs ohne oder mit nur wenig Hilfe selbstständig ausfüllen konnten. In ca. 2/3 der Fälle sahen die MFAs Vorteile durch die Anwendung der SCR App sowohl bezüglich der Qualität der Patientenbetreuung als auch bezüglich der Erfassung der Funktionsscores. Die Ärzte sahen in 2/3 der Fälle eher keine Zeitersparnis durch den Einsatz des iPADs. In 78% der Fälle konnte der Patientenscore in das Arzt-Patienten-Gespräch eingebracht werden, jedoch sparte die Anwendung der SCR App nur in 50% der Fälle Zeit im Praxisalltag. Die Ärzte sahen v. a. Vorteile bezüglich der Anamneseerhebung und der Therapieempfehlungen. Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt zeigt das vorgestellte Pilotprojekt zur Anwendung und Integration der SCR App eine gute Resonanz bei den Patienten, MFAs und Ärzten. Die Arztbewertung ergibt, dass durch die SCR App bei jedem zweiten Patienten ein Vorteil bei der Therapieempfehlung gesehen wurde.

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Teng, Y. "Excision repair at the level of the nucleotide in the upstream control region, the coding sequence and in the region where transcription terminates of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MFA2 gene and the role of RAD26." Nucleic Acids Research 28, no. 5 (March 1, 2000): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.5.1114.

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Heideman, Geert, Jacques W. M. Noordermeer, Rabin N. Datta, and Ben van Baarle. "Multifunctional Additives as Zinc-Free Curatives for Sulfur Vulcanization." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 79, no. 4 (September 1, 2006): 561–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547952.

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Abstract Concern about the release of eco-toxic zinc species from rubbers into the environment leads to an increasing interest in potential substitutes. This investigation reports on the application of Multifunctional Additives, amines complexed with fatty acids, for sulfur vulcanization of rubbers. Good physical properties can be obtained in s-SBR compounds using the MFA/S cure system, albeit at the cost of a shortened scorch time as compared to a ZnO/stearic acid system. Inclusion of ZnO lengthens the scorch time, though it reduces the state of cure and ultimate properties. The amount of ZnO used in the MFA-formulations is considerably lower than in the conventional systems. The introduction of CaO and MgO leads to an improvement in the state of cure and physical properties. Amines play a vital role in the vulcanization process, hence various amine-complexes have been synthesized and investigated as zinc-free curatives in s-SBR compounds. It is observed that the scorch time is related to the basicity of the amines. The results of Model Compound Vulcanization studies with MFAs reveal a fast decomposition of the accelerator and some differences in the distribution of the crosslinked products. The conclusion must be drawn, that the chemistry involved in the MFA-systems is fundamentally different from the conventional vulcanization systems.

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Werker, A. G. "An evaluation of full-scale activated sludge dynamics using microbial fatty acid analysis." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.366.

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Patterns of microbial fatty acids (MFAs) from activated sludge samples were analyzed over one year's operation at the Hamilton Woodward municipal wastewater treatment plant in Canada. The objective was to examine community structure dynamics and to consider the potential for interrelationships between the population dynamics and treatment performance. With the exception of a higher than normal solids discharge on one day, the treatment plant operations were otherwise stable during the year. As such, wastewater temperature appeared to be the dominant influence on the observed dynamics of the MFA community structure. MFA monitoring and analysis was demonstrated as a practical diagnostic tool in community structure trend monitoring. While the findings did suggest potential for full-scale treatment process monitoring, further development is required. Advancement in technique and greater insight for the data interpretation will be made with historical data from continued case studies. In future studies, selective sub-sampling of biomass fractions (settling and dispersed fauna), evolution in the compositional analysis methods, and, ideally, complementary genotypic and classical microscopic analyses on select samples are recommended.

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Kim, Hyojeong, Robert L. Metzenberg, and Mary Anne Nelson. "Multiple Functions of mfa-1, a Putative Pheromone Precursor Gene of Neurospora crassa." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 6 (December 2002): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.6.987-999.2002.

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ABSTRACT A putative pheromone precursor gene of Neurospora crassa, mfa-1 (which encodes mating factor a-1), was identified as the most abundant clone in starved mycelial and perithecial cDNA libraries. Northern analysis demonstrated high mfa-1 expression in all mating type a tissues and suggested low expression levels in mat A tissues. The mfa-1 gene was expressed as an approximately 1.2-kb transcript predicted to encode a 24-residue peptide, followed by a long 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). The predicted MFA1 sequence showed 100% sequence identity to PPG2 of Sordaria macrospora and structural similarity (a carboxy-terminal CAAX motif) to many hydrophobic fungal pheromone precursors. Mutants with a disrupted open reading frame (ORF) in which the critical cysteine residue had been changed to a nonprenylatable residue, tyrosine (YAAX mutants), were isolated, as were mfa-1 mutants with intact ORFs but multiple mutations in the 3′ noncoding region (CAAX mutants). The 3′ UTR is required for the full range of mfa-1 gene activity. Both classes of mutants showed delayed and reduced vegetative growth (which was suppressed by supplementation with a minute amount [30 μM] of ornithine, citrulline, or arginine), as well as aberrant sexual development. When crossed as female parents to wild-type males, the CAAX and YAAX mutants showed greatly reduced ascospore production. No ascospores were produced in homozygous mfa-1 crosses. As males, YAAX mat a mutants were unable to attract wild-type mat A trichogynes (female-specific hyphae) or to initiate sexual development, while CAAX mat a mutants were able to mate and produce sexual progeny despite their inability to attract mat A trichogynes. In the mat A background, both CAAX and YAAX mutants showed normal male fertility but defective vegetative growth and aberrant female sexual development. Thus, the mfa-1 gene appears to have multiple roles in N. crassa development: (i) it encodes a hydrophobic pheromone with a putative farnesylated and carboxymethylated C-terminal cysteine residue, required by mat a to attract trichogynes of mat A; (ii) it is involved in female sexual development and ascospore production in both mating types; and (iii) it functions in vegetative growth of both mating types.

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Liu, Zihan, Jiaqing Hou, Yu Zhang, Tong Wen, Lianbin Fan, Chen Zhang, Kaige Wang, and Jintao Bai. "Generation and Modulation of Controllable Multi-Focus Array Based on Phase Segmentation." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101677.

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A Circular-Sectorial Phase Segmentation (CSPS) noniterative method for effectively generating and manipulating muti-focus array (MFA) was proposed in this work. The theoretical model of the CSPS was built up based on vectorial diffraction integral and the phase modulation factor was deduced with inverse fast Fourier transform. By segmenting the entrance pupil into specified regions, which were sequentially assigned with the values carried out by phase modulation factor, the methodology could generate flexible MFAs with desired position and morphology. Subsequently, the CSPS was investigated in parallelized fabrication with a laser direct writing system. The positioning accuracy was greater than 96% and the morphologic consistency of the parallelly fabricated results was greater than 92%.

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Shokri Shams, Mona, Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, and Mohammad Reza Falsafinejad. "The Effects of Relaxing Music on Life Distress and Maternal-fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women." Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2121): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jccnc.7.1.33.14.

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Background: Although pregnancy and motherhood are enjoyable experiences, they are associated with numerous biopsychological changes requiring adaptation. The present study aimed to assess the effects of relaxing music on life distress and Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) in pregnant women. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and a control group design. The research population included all Iranian pregnant women referring to Laleh Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. In total, 30 women were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups (n=15/group). The required data were collected using the Life Distress Inventory (LDI) and the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS). The intervention group listened to relaxing music for twelve 45-50-minute sessions in the morning and during routine midwifery visits; however, the controls received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS V. 22. Results: The obtained results indicated that the intervention group reported a lower level of life distress in the post-test, compared to the controls (P=0.0001, F=15.860). The intervention group also achieved a higher mean score on MFA, than the control group (P=0.0001, F=35.872). Conclusion: According to the present research findings, reproductive health, nursing professionals, and psychologists could recommend music as a complementary therapy to reduce stress and distress experienced by expecting mothers and to improve MFA.

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Srivastava, Akankshi, and Pallavi Bhatnagar. "Maternal foetal attachment and perceived stress during pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 3750. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193810.

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Background: In recent years, the construct of maternal foetal attachment (MFA) has gained a lot of attention. The significance of the bond between the mother and her child she is carrying has led researchers to study how the expecting woman’s feelings towards the unborn child, have long lasting effects on the child. Although several psychological factors, such as maternal anxiety, attitude towards the baby and access to foetal imaging procedures, have been established to significantly influence a mother’s attachment to her foetus, there seems to be a paucity of empirical work on the relationship between maternal stress during pregnancy and maternal foetal attachment. The present research is a step in this direction and purports to explore this relationship.Methods: The study explored the relationship between MFA and stress using the maternal foetal attachment scale by Cranley and the stress scale of the ADSS by Bhatnagar et al. The sample consisted of 53 pregnant women with a mean age of 26.4.Results: The results suggest a significant negative relationship between stress and MFA, r=-0.55 (p<0.01). Stress also showed a negative correlation with the subscales of MFAS, with highly stressed women reporting lower levels of self-giving behavior, fewer thoughts of role taking and lesser interactive behavior with the foetus.Conclusions: High stress during pregnancy could impede the formation of a strong bond between the expecting woman and her foetus. Thus the best practices during pregnancy should aim to reduce stress and encourage maternal foetal interaction.

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Jee, Seunghoon, and Moon Gi Kang. "Sensitivity Improvement of Extremely Low Light Scenes with RGB-NIR Multispectral Filter Array Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051256.

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Recently, several red-green-blue near-infrared (RGB-NIR) multispectral filter arrays (MFAs), which include near infrared (NIR) pixels, have been proposed. For extremely low light scenes, the RGB-NIR MFA sensor has been extended to receive NIR light, by adding NIR pixels to supplement for the insufficient visible band light energy. However, the resolution reconstruction of the RGB-NIR MFA, using demosaicing and color restoration methods, is based on the correlation between the NIR pixels and the pixels of other colors; this does not improve the RGB channel sensitivity with respect to the NIR channel sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a color restored image post-processing method to improve the sensitivity and resolution of an RGB-NIR MFA. Although several linear regression based color channel reconstruction methods have taken advantage of the high sensitivity NIR channel, it is difficult to accurately estimate the linear coefficients because of the high level of noise in the color channels under extremely low light conditions. The proposed method solves this problem in three steps: guided filtering, based on the linear similarity between the NIR and color channels, edge preserving smoothing to improve the accuracy of linear coefficient estimation, and residual compensation for lost spatial resolution information. The results show that the proposed method is effective, while maintaining the NIR pixel resolution characteristics, and improving the sensitivity in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio by approximately 13 dB.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MFA2'

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