Relevant bibliographies by topics / Metrology of electromagnetism

Academic literature on the topic 'Metrology of electromagnetism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Metrology of electromagnetism":

1

Cahan, David. "The awarding of the Copley Medal and the ‘discovery’ of the law of conservation of energy: Joule, Mayer and Helmholtz revisited." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 66, no. 2 (November 16, 2011): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2011.0045.

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This article analyses the awarding of the Royal Society's Copley Medal to James Prescott Joule (1870), Julius Robert Mayer (1871) and Hermann Helmholtz (1873) in the wake of the establishment of the law of conservation of energy during the 1850s and 1860s. It seeks to reconstruct the context in which the awards occurred, emphasizing at once a combination of individual scientific achievement, advocacy on behalf of Joule's supporters, nationalism, and the special role that Helmholtz played thanks to the strong social relationship that he had developed with the British scientific elite in the two decades before receiving his award, the last of the three. The award in turn strengthened that relationship, as the great subject of discussion in physics now gradually turned from thermodynamics to electromagnetism and to reaching practical agreements in electrical metrology between the British, the Germans and others.
2

Storey, L. R. O. "<i>Letter to the Editor</i>: Revision of the basic equations of wave distribution function analysis." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 5 (May 31, 1998): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0651-3.

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Abstract. The basic equations of wave distribution function analysis are rewritten in forms that treat the electric and magnetic fields of the waves in a more symmetrical way than the original equations do, and are slightly better for computing.Key words. Radio science (electromagnetic metrology) · Electromagnetics (plasmas; signal processing and adaptive antennas)
3

Kim, Sung, Jack Surek, and James Baker-Jarvis. "Electromagnetic Metrology on Concrete and Corrosion." Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 116, no. 3 (May 2011): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.116.011.

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Hao, Ling, John C. Gallop, and Jie Chen. "Electromagnetic Metrology for Nano- Electromechanical Systems." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 68, no. 6 (June 2019): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2879068.

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Neyezhmakov, Pavel, Serhii Buriakovskyi, Olena Vasylieva, Volodymyr Velychko, Fedir Venislavskyi, and Serhii Rudenko. "Implementation of NATO standards to improve the electromagnetic immunity and compatibility of equipment of the critical infrastructure objects." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282464.

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Ensuring that domestic technical equipment meets modern safety and reliability requirements in accordance with NATO standards is a pressing problem in Ukraine. Without metrological support for testing the electromagnetic compatibility and immunity to powerful electromagnetic fields of natural and artificial origin, it is impossible to ensure reliable and safe use of modern electronic, electroenergetics and electric equipment in critical infrastructure facilities. The paper presents the metrological traceability paths of the state measurement standards in the field of electromagnetic measurements, established at the NSC “Institute of Metrology”, to the SI units. The results of the research on the measurement standard of the electromagnetic field strength unit in the frequency range from 0.01 MHz to 43 GHz (NDETU EM-05-2021), established at the NSC “Institute of Metrology”, are described. The connection of the NDETU EM-05-2021 measurement standard with the measurement standards of the power unit of electromagnetic oscillations in coaxial and waveguide transmission lines and the standard of AC electric voltage is demonstrated. The lists of tests in accordance with the AESTR-500 standard, which are supported by the measurement standards of the NSC “Institute of Metrology”, and the equipment that can be calibrated by the national measurement standards are given. The examples of tests for electromagnetic compatibility carried out in the testing centre of the State Enterprise “Kharkivstandartmetrologiya” are provided. Based on the results of the developed statistical models at the Research and Design Institute “Molniya” for predicting the vulnerability to electromagnetic effects of atmospheric phenomena on critical infrastructure facilities, the examples of the distribution of lines of the equal potential (in kilovolts) on the ground surface in the short circuit mode and the distributions of probability density of lightning strikes are presented. The distributions of the equal potential lines on the ground surface in the short-circuit mode of high-voltage substations are modelled based on calculations.
6

Yuan, Guang Hui, and Nikolay I. Zheludev. "Detecting nanometric displacements with optical ruler metrology." Science 364, no. 6442 (May 9, 2019): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw7840.

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We introduce the optical ruler, an electromagnetic analog of a physical ruler, for nanoscale displacement metrology. The optical ruler is a complex electromagnetic field in which singularities serve as the marks on the scale. It is created by the diffraction of light on a metasurface, with singularity marks then revealed by high-magnification interferometric observation. Using a Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurface, we demonstrate a displacement resolving power of better than 1 nanometer (λ/800, where λ is the wavelength of light) at a wavelength of 800 nanometers. We argue that a resolving power of ~λ/4000, the typical size of an atom, may be achievable. An optical ruler with dimensions of only a few tens of micrometers offers applications in nanometrology, nanomonitoring, and nanofabrication, particularly in the demanding and confined environment of future smart manufacturing tools.
7

NIKOLAEV, M. YU, E. V. NIKOLAEVA, and A. K. NIKITIN. "PROCESS MODELING AND METROLOGY IN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE SYSTEMS." Actual Issues Of Energy 4, no. 1 (2022): 070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2022-4-1-70-74.

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Electromagnetic force pulses are forces of mutual repulsion between the inductor and the anchor. Under their action, the anchor is shifted towards the cleaned surface of the affected object and elastic vibrations are transmitted to it. In electro-pulse interaction systems, the duration of the energy accumulation process, and then its release in extremely small time intervals, allows to obtain the maximum possible values of mechanical impulse action on the surface of the affected object. The maximum operating voltage on a capacitive energy storage device can reach 5 kV or higher. Electro-pulse interaction systems are shock-type devices. Compared with other devices of similar purpose (vibrators, electromagnetic or pneumatic shock mechanisms), they have no competition in terms of cleaning efficiency.
8

Safarov, Abdurauf, Khurshid Sattarov, Makhammatyokub Bazarov, and Almardon Mustafoqulov. "Issues of the electromagnetic current transformers searching projecting." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405038.

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The necessity of the primary transformers rapidly increases due to the fast development of the microprocessing automated control systems and operation of the railway transport power supply devices, transferring to the flexible automated output. These transformers, besides high metrology characteristics, have to be highly reliable, have a wide range of change, stability, little dimensions.
9

Vasylieva, Olena, and Pavel Neyezhmakov. "Metrological traceability of the results of testing for electromagnetic compatibility in accordance with the NATO standards." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (July 5, 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286707.

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Ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of special-purpose equipment used in a complex saturated radio frequency environment requires testing in accordance with procedures that guarantee a valid verification of its immunity to external electromagnetic fields. The paper presents the national measurement standards and equipment used at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” for the NRE02, NRE03 and NRS02 testing in accordance with the AESTR-500 standard. It is shown how metrological traceability to the SI units of the measurement results is ensured during tests. The paper presents the results of evaluating the uncertainty of the results of measurements of the electromagnetic field strength using the NARDA-550 meter for the frequency ranges of 10 kHz – 1 GHz when using the GTEM chamber, and for the frequency ranges of 1-43 GHz when using the anechoic chamber. The studies have proven that the measurement uncertainties, when calibrating the antenna in the anechoic chamber, and the uneven distribution of the electromagnetic field in the GTEM chamber are the most critical. The obtained results of the uncertainty evaluation of the NARDA-550 calibration coefficient are used for high-precision measurements of radio frequency signals both at emission and being exposed to electromagnetic fields when the disturbances have limit values as regards the provisions of these standards. These results with a discrepancy of no more than 0.05 dB confirm the characteristics of the device provided by the manufacturer. It is shown that the set of national measurement standards and test equipment of the NSC “Institute of Metrology” allows testing special equipment for electromagnetic compatibility according to the NATO standards with the required accuracy.
10

Baker-Jarvis, James. "Electromagnetic Nanoscale Metrology Based on Entropy Production and Fluctuations." Entropy 10, no. 4 (October 8, 2008): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e10040411.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Metrology of electromagnetism' for particular source types:
Journal articles Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metrology of electromagnetism":

1

Sahin, Seckin. "Ultra-wideband, On-Chip Phased Arrays for Millimeter-wave and Terahertz Applications." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574177160069196.

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Napolitano, Mario. "Interaction-based nonlinear quantum metrology with a cold atomic ensemble." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144558.

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In this manuscript we present an experimental and theoretical investigation of quantum-noise-limited measurement by nonlinear interferometry, or from another perspective, quantum-noise-limited interaction-based measurement. The experimental work is performed using a polarization-based quantum interface between propagating light pulses and cold rubidium-87 atoms trapped in an optical dipole trap. We first review the theory of quantum metrology and estimation theory, and we describe theoretical proposals for nonlinear quantum metrology as developed by the group of Carlton M. Caves in the University of New Mexico. We then describe our proposal, made in 2010, to implement the Caves group's ideas using nonlinear optical interactions in a cold atomic ensemble to implement a nonlinear spin measurement. To evaluate this proposal we develop two theoretical approaches, first an extension of the collective quantum variables approach, often employed to describe quantum interfaces and atomic spin ensembles, to nonlinear optical processes. This results in an effective Hamiltonian containing nonlinear terms of the form described by the Caves group, and demonstrates a qualitative equivalence of the two schemes. The second approach uses the Maxwell-Bloch equations to describe nonlinear propagation of pulses through an atomic spin ensemble, including inhomogeneities and relaxation effects. This latter method makes quantitative predictions about optical rotation signals under realistic experimental conditions. We then describe the implementation of the proposal in a polarization-based light-atom quantum interface. We describe the existing trapping and probing system, focusing on the characteristics that make it suitable for shot-noise-limited and projection-noise-limited atomic spin measurements. We then describe adaptations to use the apparatus with shorter, higher-intensity pulses as required for nonlinear measurement, as well as characterization of the photodetection system under these modified conditions. Calibration of the nonlinear polarization rotation versus probe laser detuning allows us to produce a nearly pure nonlinear rotation signal. Finally, experimental results are presented showing shot-noise-limited nonlinear rotation signals over three orders of magnitude in photon number N. The results are consistent with our theoretical models and confirm a major prediction of the Caves group's work, in that a two-photon interaction gives a scaling for the measurement sensitivity as N^{-3/2}. A brief discussion relates this experimental observation to theoretical discussions of the ¿Heiseinberg limit¿ of quantum metrology, and possible further applications of nonlinear measurement techniques.
En aquest manuscrit presentem una recerca experimental i teòrica sobre mesures limitades pel soroll quàntic fetes mitjançant interferometria no lineal, o des de un altra perspectiva, mitjançant interacció. En el treball experimental es va fer servir una interfície quàntica de polarització entre polsos de llum en propagació i àtoms freds de rubidi-87 atrapats en una trampa òptica de dipol. Primer, farem un repàs de la teoria de la metrologia quàntica i de la teoria de la estimació, descriurem la proposició teòrica sobre metrologia quàntica no lineal tal i com la va desenvolupar el grup de Carlton M. Caves al Universitat de Nou Mèxic. A continuació descriurem la nostra proposta, feta al 2010, de com implantar la idea del grup de Caves fent servir interaccions òptiques no lineals en un conjunt d’àtoms freds amb la finalitat d’efectuar una mesura no lineal de spin. Per avaluar aquesta proposta vam desenvolupar dues aproximacions teòriques fent ús de dos mètodes diferents. En primer lloc vam estendre la tècnica de variables quàntiques col lectives cap als processos òptics no lineals, aquesta tècnica sovint és utilitzada per descriure interfícies quàntiques i conjunts de spin atòmics. Això dóna com a resultat un Hamiltonià efectiu que conté termes no lineals de la forma descrita pel grup de Caves, i demostra una equivalència qualitativa entre el nostre esquema i el seu. El segon mètode fa ús de les equacions de Maxwell-Bloch per descriure la propagació no lineal dels polsos a través del conjunt de spins atòmics, tenint en compte deshomogeneïtats i efectes de relaxació. D’aquesta manera podem fer prediccions quantitatives sobre senyals de rotació de polarització òptica en les condicions d’un experiment real. Seguirem amb la descripció de com vam implementar al laboratori la nostra proposta teòrica mitjançant una interfície quàntica de polarització entre llum i àtoms. Descriurem el ja existent sistema de confinament i sondeig dels àtoms, concentrant-nos en les característiques que permeten fer mesures al limit del soroll quàntic i del soroll de projecció. Aleshores detallarem com vam adaptar el sistema per l’ús amb polsos més curts i intensos, tal i com requereix la mesura no lineal, i al mateix temps com vam calibrar el sistema de detecció de llum en aquestes diferents condicions. El calibratge de la rotació no lineal de polarització en funció de la freqüència del làser de sonda, ens permet obtenir un senyal de rotació casi purament no lineal. Finalment, presentarem els resultats experimentals que mostren senyals de rotació no lineal limitats pel soroll quàntic al llarg de tres ordres de magnitud en el número N de fotons. Tals resultats son consistents amb els nostres models teòrics i confirmen una important predicció del treball del grup de Caves, és a dir que la interacció de dos fotons dóna una llei d’escala de N-3/2 per a la sensibilitat de la mesura. Per concloure, una concisa discussió relaciona aquesta observació experimental amb discussions teòriques sobre el “limit d’Heisenberg” de la metrologia quàntica, i amb d’altres possibles aplicacions de tècniques de mesura no lineal
3

Badenhorst, J. "Metrology and modelling of high frequency probes." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/808.

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4

Le, Charles Tuan-Cong. "Angular memory effect and its interferometric applications in rough surface mean height profiling /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6005.

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Zhou, Mengxi. "CEM des implants cardiaques aux basses fréquences 50 Hz dans un contexte normatif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0110.

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Les dispositifs médicaux implantables actifs (DMIA) ont été rapidement développés et largement appliqués pour le traitement des pathologies cardiaques avec des technologies constamment mises à jour au cours des dernières décennies. Le nombre croissant de porteurs de DMAI, y compris dans la population active, a entraîné un questionnement quant à leurs effets potentiels en présence d'un champ électromagnétique (CEM). Ces interrogations ont, dès les années 60, concerné les possibles interférences liées au réseau de transport de l'énergie. En effet, les fréquences allouées à l'énergie électrique (50 Hz et 60 Hz) sont dans la gamme que les signaux de l'activité cardiaque dont le spectre s'étend de quelques Hertz à 150 Hz environ. Les DMIA sont équipés de filtres sélectifs permettant de réduire considérablement ou d'éliminer les interférences. Toutefois, compte tenu de la nature des signaux cardiaques, il se peut que les fréquences de 50 Hz et 60 Hz ne soient pas filtrées afin de garantir une détection correcte et complète des ondes cardiaques. Sur les lieux de travail, certains travailleurs peuvent être soumis à des rayonnements électromagnétiques. La présence de travailleurs portant des DMIA est alors à considérer comme cas spécifiques. En d'autres termes, il convient d'accorder une attention particulière aux porteurs de DMIA qui sont exposés à des risques plus élevés et de mettre en place un processus d'évaluation des risques correspondant. La procédure d'évaluation des expositions aux CEM pour les travailleurs portant des DMIA a été régulée par la norme EN 50527 visant à déterminer le risque potentiel des expositions sur les lieux de travail. Le test d'immunité sur les DMIA est essentiel dans la procédure d'évaluation des risques et nécessite une méthode d'essai simple, reproductible et sans risque pour l'employé. Les expositions aux champs électriques à basse fréquence avaient reçu moins d'attention, bien qu'elles soient courantes sur les lieux de travail dans les industries électriques. Cette étude porte sur les expositions aux champs électriques de haute intensité de porteurs d'implants cardiaques. La bande de fréquence a été limitée à la fréquence du réseau européen, fréquence extrêmement basse de 50 Hz pour se concentrer sur les expositions professionnelles causées par les sources d'énergie. L'interférence peut être évaluée par l'estimation de la tension induite à l'entrée au niveau de la sonde de l'implant cardiaque. Des systèmes équivalents peuvent être élaborés pour reproduire les expositions et les conditions d'implantation afin de générer les mêmes effets à l'entrée de l'implant cardiaque. Dans ce travail, une étude théorique et expérimentale a été réalisée sur un fantôme in vitro. Cette étude a permis de déterminer la tension induite aux bornes de la sonde d'un implant cardiaque soumis à un champ électrique important à 50 Hz. Le fantôme se compose de deux zones de caractéristiques électriques similaires à celles du cœur humain et de la cage thoracique, lieux où la sonde cardiaque et le boîtier sont implantés. Les mesures expérimentales et la simulation numérique concordent ce qui valide les facteurs d'équivalence que nous avons trouvés pour notre système. Ainsi le fantôme in vitro peut être appliqué comme système équivalent dans les travaux sur la CEM des implants cardiaques. Un autre résultat que nous avons établi dans cette étude est l'équivalence entre un système d'exposition au champ électrique et un système par injection. Cette relation d'équivalence nous permet de ramener une étude sous champ électrique, dont la mise en œuvre est complexe, à une étude en perturbations conduites, beaucoup plus simple à réaliser
Targeting cardiology diagnosis and treatment, active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) have been rapidly developed and widely applied with constantly updated technologies in recent decades. It is vital for scientific research to catch up with the speed of the information era in terms of the side effects on human beings and the environment. Pacemakers (PMs), used for the treatment of arrhythmias (bradycardias and tachycardias), and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), for palliating serious ventricular arrhythmias by electric shocks to the myocardial tissue are important AIMDs normally implanted in the human chest. Electromagnetic radiation is inevitable present in our surroundings and raised many questions concerning the potential effects on the AIMD-wearers. The increasing number of medical implant wearers, including those in active professional activities, has led to questions regarding their performance in the presence of an occupational electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. Since the 1960s, these questions have concerned possible interference linked to the energy transport network. The frequencies allocated to electrical energy (50 Hz and 60 Hz) are in the analysis bandwidth of the cardiac signals, of which spectrum extends from a few Hertz to approximately 150 Hz. The AIMDs are usually equipped with selective filters enabling to significantly reduce or eliminate the interference. However, considering the nature formation of the heart signals, 50 Hz and 60 Hz may not be filtered in order to ensure the cardiac signal waves are correctly and completely sensed.In the workplaces, it is inevitable to have the existence of workers who are susceptible to the electromagnetic field (EMF)-related impact. The presence of workers wearing AIMDs is then to be considered as specific cases. In other words, particular attention should be given to AIMD carriers who are subject to higher risks and corresponding risk evaluation process should be established. The procedure for assessing the EMF exposures for workers bearing AIMDs was proposed in EN 50527 to determine the risk arising from the exposures in the workplaces. Immunity test on AIMDs is critical in the risk assessment procedure and requires a simple, feasible, and risk-free test method. To date, the electric field exposures at low frequencies has received little attention yet they commonly exist in the workplaces in electrical industries, for example, area near power lines and substations. In this study, high-intensity electric field exposures are mainly concerned. The frequency band was limited to extremely low frequency at 50 Hz to focus on the occupational exposures caused by power sources.The interference can be evaluated by the estimation of the induced voltage at its input. Equivalent systems can be built up by adopting this conception to reproduce the exposures and the implantation conditions in order to generate same effects at the input of cardiac implant (same induced voltage). In this work, a theoretical and experimental study was performed on an in vitro phantom that allowed to determine the voltage induced at the input of a cardiac implant subjected to a high-intensity electric field at 50 Hz. The phantom is composed of two parts with electrical characteristics similar to those of the human heart and the chest, where the cardiac lead and the housing are implanted. Experimental measurements and numerical simulation are coherent which validates the equivalence factors we found for our systems. Thus, the in vitro phantom can be applied as an equivalent system in the workplace for the immunity test on cardiac implants. Another result we established in this study is the equivalence between an electric field exposure system and an injection system which allows us to reduce the complexity of the study, and conduct simpler tests with reproduced perturbations
6

Matos, Carmen. "Robotically Controlled Measurement System for Millimeter-Wave Antennas." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588180162492972.

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Scheich, Roland. "Caractérisation et prédétermination des perturbations électromagnétiques conduites dans les convertisseurs de l'électronique de puissance." Grenoble INPG, 1993. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02020576.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire ont pour objectif la modélisation des perturbations conduites dans les convertisseurs d'Electronique de Puissance. La caractérisation de ces perturbations émises sur le réseau d'alimentation se fait dans la bande des radiofréquences de 10 kHZ à 30 MHZ. Un chapitre important a été consacré aux notions de base, en traitement du signal, en matière de normes d'émission et de métrologie afin de définir clairement les méthodes et les procédures de mesure. Caractériser les spectres d'émission des convertisseurs d'électronique nécessite d'identifier les sources perturbatrices (origine de phénomènes) ainsi que les chemins de propagation empruntés par les perturbations. Au cours de cette étude, tant pour les chemins, les éléments prépondérants ont été identifiés ainsi qu'une analyse de leur sensibilité a été proposée. Cette méthodologie a été mise au point sur l'exemple simple d'un hacheur série, puis validée sur d'actes types de structure notamment grâce à de nombreux résultats expérimentaux. L'approche et suffisamment générale pour que l'on puisse s'intéresser également aux perturbations générées par une chaîne de conversion d'énergie regroupant plusieurs convertisseurs en cascade. Enfin, une approche unifiée permettant d'intégrer à la fois les perturbations de mode différentiel et de mode commun a été initiée et ouvre des perspectives intéressantes
8

Galindo, Muñoz Natalia. "Development of direct measurement techniques for the in-situ internal alignment of accelerating structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/100488.

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Las exigentes tolerancias de alineación en los componentes de los futuros colisionadores lineales de partículas requieren el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de alineación más precisas que las existentes. Este es el caso del Colisionador Lineal Compacto (Compact Linear Collider, CLIC), cuyos objetivos altamente restrictivos de alineamiento alcanzan los 10 um. Para poder lograr el máximo rendimiento del acelerador, es necesario que el posicionamiento de las estructuras que aceleran las partículas y de los campos que las guían cumplan las tolerancias de alineación para dirigir el haz a lo largo de la trayectoria diseñada. Dicho procedimiento consiste en relacionar la posición de los ejes de referencia de cada componente con respecto a objetos externos, o fiduciales, lo cual resulta muy tedioso y económicamente costoso. Los errores sistemáticos y aleatorios se van acumulando en cada paso del proceso y, en consecuencia, la precisión final de alineamiento es todo un desafío. En este contexto, nace el proyecto PACMAN (Particle Accelerator Components Metrology and Alignment to the Nanometre scale), subvencionado por la Unión Europea en el programa FP7 de financiación para la investigación e innovación. El objetivo principal de PACMAN es investigar, desarrollar e implementar una solución integrada alternativa que incorpore todos los pasos de alineación en una misma ubicación, con el objetivo de mejorar la precisión de alineación de los componentes de los aceleradores, en concreto: las estructuras aceleradoras, los cuadrupolos y los monitores de posición de haz. La viabilidad de las soluciones desarrolladas y la precisión de alineamiento alcanzada deben de demostrarse en un banco de pruebas utilizando componentes de CLIC. La estrategia de PACMAN para alcanzar el objetivo técnico se divide en tres pasos. El primero consiste en la fiducialización de los componentes y sus soportes. El segundo paso es el ensamblaje de los componentes en dos tipos de soporte, uno compuesto por un monitor de posición de haz y un cuadrupolo, y otro con cuatro estructuras aceleradoras, tomando como referencia su centro electromagnético. Finalmente, ambos soportes se transportan al túnel para su alineación final utilizando técnicas de hilos tensados. En esta tesis doctoral, se describe el desarrollo de una nueva técnica no destructiva para localizar los ejes electromagnéticos de estructuras aceleradoras y su validación experimental. Para ello, se ha utilizado una estructura aceleradora de CLIC conocida como TD24. Debido a la complejidad mecánica de la TD24, su difícil acceso y su diámetro medio de iris de 5.5 mm, se desarrolla una nueva técnica denominada en esta tesis como 'el método perturbativo' y se realiza una propuesta experimental de validación. El estudio de viabilidad de este método, cumpliendo con los requisitos impuestos de precisión en la medida de 10 um, ha sido realizado con una campaña extensa de simulaciones de campos electromagnéticos en tres dimensiones utilizando la herramienta de software conocida como HFSS. Los resultados de simulación han permitido el desarrollo de un algoritmo muy completo de medidas y han proporcionado las especificaciones técnicas para el diseño conceptual de un banco de pruebas para la medida de los ejes electromagnéticos de la TD24. El preciso ensamblaje del banco de pruebas y sus correspondientes calibraciones, la incorporación de nuevos tratamientos de las medidas en el algoritmo final y la caracterización de fuentes de error en la medida, favorecieron la localización del centro electromagnético en la TD24 con una precisión menor a 1 um con un error estimado menor que 8.5 um, cumplimiendo con los objetivos de precisión establecidos.
In the next generation of linear particle accelerators, challenging alignment tolerances are required in the positioning of the components focusing, accelerating and detecting the beam over the accelerator length in order to achieve the maximum machine performance. In the case of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), accelerating structures, beam position monitors and quadrupole magnets need to be aligned in their support with respect to their reference axes with an accuracy of 10 um. To reach such objective, the PACMAN (Particle Accelerator Components Metrology and Alignment to the Nanometer Scale) project strives for the improvement of the current alignment accuracy by developing new methods and tools, whose feasibility should be validated using the major CLIC components. This Ph.D. thesis concerns the investigation, development and implementation of a new non-destructive intracavity technique, referenced here as 'the perturbative method', to determine the electromagnetic axes of accelerating structures by means of a stretched wire, acting as a reference of alignment. Of particular importance is the experimental validation of the method through the 5.5 mm iris-mean aperture CLIC prototype known as TD24, with complex mechanical features and difficult accessibility, in a dedicated test bench. In the first chapter of this thesis, the alignment techniques in particle accelerators and the novel proposals to be implemented in the future linear colliders are introduced, and a detailed description of the PACMAN project is provided. The feasibility study of the method, carried out with extensive electromagnetic fields simulations, is described in chapter 2, giving as a result, the knowledge of the theoretical accuracy expected in the measurement of the electromagnetic axes and facilitating the development of a measurement algorithm. The conceptual design, manufacturing and calibration of the automated experimental set-up, integrating the solution developed to measure the electromagnetic axes of the TD24, are covered in chapter 3. The future lines of research and developments of the perturbative method are also explored. In chapter 4, the most significant results obtained from an extensive experimental work are presented, analysed and compared with simulations. The proof-of-principle is completed, the measurement algorithm is optimised and the electromagnetic centre is measured in the TD24 with a precision less than 1 um and an estimated error less than 8.5 um. Finally, in chapter 5, the developments undertaken along this research work are summarised, the innovative achievements accomplished within the PACMAN project are listed and its impact is analysed.
En la generació pròxima d'acceleradors de partícules lineals, desafiant toleràncies d'alineament és requerit en el posicionament dels components que enfoquen, accelerant i detectant la biga sobre la longitud d'accelerador per tal d'aconseguir l'actuació de màquina màxima. En el cas del Colisionador Compacte Lineal (CLIC), accelerant estructures, monitors de posició de fes i imants necessiten ser alineats en el seu suport amb respectar a les seves destrals de referència amb una precisió de 10 um. Per assolir tal objectiu, el PACMAN (Metrologia de Components de l'Accelerador de partícules i Alineament al Nanometer Escala) projecte s'esforça per la millora de l'actual precisió d'alineament per mètodes nous en desenvolupament i eines, la viabilitat dels quals hauria de ser validada utilitzant els components de CLIC importants. Aquesta tesi concerneix la investigació, desenvolupament i implementació d'un nou no-destructiu tècnica interna, va referenciar ací mentre 'el mètode de pertorbació' per determinar les destrals electromagnètiques d'accelerar estructures mitjançant un cable estès, actuant com a referència d'alineament. De la importància particular és la validació experimental del mètode a través del 5.5 mm iris-roí obertura prototipus de CLIC sabut com TD24, amb característiques mecàniques complexes i accessibilitat difícil, en un banc de prova dedicat. En el primer capítol d'aquesta tesi, les tècniques d'alineament en acceleradors de partícules i les propostes novelles per ser implementades en el futur colisionador lineal és introduït, i una descripció detallada del projecte PACMAN és proporcionat. L'estudi de viabilitat el mètode de pertorbació, va dur a terme amb simulacres de camps electromagnètics extensos, és descrit dins capitol 2, donant com a resultat, el coneixement de la precisió teòrica esperada en la mida de les destrals electromagnètiques i facilitant el desenvolupament d'un algoritme de mida. El disseny conceptual, fabricació i calibratge del conjunt experimental automatitzat-amunt, integrant la solució desenvolupada per mesurar les destrals electromagnètiques del TD24, és cobert dins capitol 3. Les línies futures de recerca i desenvolupaments del mètode és també va explorar. Dins capitol 4, la majoria de resultats significatius van obtenir d'una faena experimental extensa és presentada, analitzat i comparat amb simulacres. La prova-de-el principi és completat, l'algoritme de mida és optimitzat i el centre electromagnètic és mesurat en el TD24 amb una precisió menys d'1 um i un error calculat menys de 8.5 um. Finalment, dins capitol 5, els desenvolupaments empresos al llarg d'aquesta faena de recerca és resumit, les consecucions innovadores van acomplir dins del projecte PACMAN és llistat i el seu impacte és analitzat.
Galindo Muñoz, N. (2018). Development of direct measurement techniques for the in-situ internal alignment of accelerating structures [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/100488
TESIS
9

Zheng, Jiabao. "Efficient spin-photon interface for solid-state-based spin systems for quantum information processing and enhanced metrology." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8N87PB3.

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Abstract:
The holy grail for quantum engineers and scientists is to build the quantum internet that spans over the entire globe. This information infrastructure holds the promise for transmitting information securely, scaling up computing power exponentially and setting the standards for precision measurement at the ultimate limit. Solid-state-based spin systems recently emerge as promising building blocks for the quantum internet. Among these candidates, the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond attracted much attention thanks to its optical addressability, long spin coherence times, and well-controlled electronic orbitals and spin states. However, the non-ideal optical properties of NV poses a challenge to its implementation in quantum technologies. This calls for building photonic structures as efficient spin-photon interfaces for realizing strong interactions with photon modes or efficient out-coupling of its fluorescence. Such interfacing structures are also of great importance for other optically active spin-systems newly found. In this dissertation, chirped dielectric cavities are designed for building NV as fast single photon sources via broadband Purcell enhancement, using an inverse simulation approach to maximize the broadband absorption of the atomically thin absorbers. Simulated NV-cavity coupling indicates broadband Purcell factor of ∼> 100. Next, to realize coupled NV-cavity systems over large scale, a self-aligned nano-implantation technique is investigated using a lithographically defined hybrid mask for both precision pattern transfer and nitrogen implantation. Measured results show single-NV per cavity yield of ∼ 26±1% and 5-fold Purcell induced intensity enhancement. Finally, chirped circular gratings are designed for efficient collection from the NV for remote entanglement and precision sensing. Simulated grating structures present near-unity collection efficiencies. These demonstrated techniques and structures are also applicable to other solid-state-based spin systems.
10

Lauria, Eugene F. "A Study of a Reimaging System for Correcting Large-Scale Phase Errors in Reflector Antennas." 1992. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1210.

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Abstract:
This thesis investigates a new approach for dealing with the adverse effects of large-scale deformations in the main reflector of large Cassegrain antennas. In this method, the incident aperture distribution is imaged onto a tertiary focal plane. This is accomplished by using an optical imaging system consisting of a lens mounted behind the Cassegrain focus of the antenna. The lens forms a real image of the product of the incident aperture distribution and the pupil function of the antenna. The pupil function describes the profile of the main reflector of the antenna. If the incident aperture distribution is a plane wave, a real image of the pupil function of the main reflector will be produced at the focal plane of the image lens. Any imperfections in the main reflector will be imaged onto the tertiary focal plane but over a smaller area as defined by the magnification of the system. In principle, an active correcting element placed into the tertiary focal plane could compensate for these errors, thus preserving the maximum efficiency of the antenna. Experimental verification of this principle was carried out in the lab using a dielectric lens 152.4mm in diameter. Phase perturbations were simulated by placing dielectric shims in the incident aperture plane. The phase of these shims in most cases was measured to within 10 degrees in the image plane. This degree of accuracy is found to be quite adequate for correcting large-scale errors in the main reflector of the antenna.

Books on the topic "Metrology of electromagnetism":

1

G, Bradford Ann, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Metrology for electromagnetic technology: A bibliography of NIST publications. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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International Symposium on Electromagnetic Metrology (1989 Beijing, China). Electromagnetic metrology: Proceedings of International Symposium on Electromagnetic Metrology, ISEM '89, August 19-22, 1989, Beijing, China. Beijing: International Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Motohisa, Kanda, and United States. National Bureau of Standards, eds. Electromagnetic compatibility and interference metrology: M.T. Ma, M. Kanda. Gaithersburg, Md: National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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E, DeWeese Mary, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Metrology for electromagnetic technology: A bibliography of NIST publications. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991.

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E, Bailey A., and International Union of Radio Science., eds. URSI register of national standards laboratories for electromagnetic metrology. Bristol: A. Hilger, 1990.

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E, DeWeese Mary, and United States. National Bureau of Standards, eds. Metrology for electromagnetic technology: A bibliography of NBS publications. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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M, Butler Chalmers, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. EMI/EMC metrology challenges for industry: A workshop on measurements, standards, calibrations, and accreditation. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. METROLOGY FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NIST PUBLICATIONS... NIST 5064 ... U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE... 1997. [S.l: s.n., 1998.

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Electromagnetic compatibility and interference metrology. Gaithersburg, Md: National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Beijing, China) International Symposium on Electromagnetic Metrology (1989 :. Electromagnetic Metrology: Proceedings of International Symposium on Electromagnetic Metrology, Isem '89, August 19-22, 1989 Beijing, China. International Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metrology of electromagnetism":

1

Sainson, Stéphane. "Metrology and Environment." In Electromagnetic Seabed Logging, 131–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45355-2_3.

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Dubey, S. K., Saood Ahmad, C. K. Suman, Sandhya M. Patel, Sudhir Husale, Anurag G. Reddy, Anurag Gupta, and D. K. Aswal. "Electromagnetic Metrology for Smart Technologies." In Metrology for Inclusive Growth of India, 523–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8872-3_11.

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Dubey, S. K., Saood Ahmad, C. K. Suman, Sandhya M. Patel, Sudhir Husale, Anurag G. Reddy, Anurag Gupta, and D. K. Aswal. "Electromagnetic Metrology for Smart Technologies." In Metrology for Inclusive Growth of India, 577–638. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8872-3_12.

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Kahn, Walter K. "Inverse Methods in Microwave Metrology." In Inverse Methods in Electromagnetic Imaging, 1065–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5271-3_22.

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Kahn, Walter K. "Inverse Methods in Microwave Metrology." In Inverse Methods in Electromagnetic Imaging, 1065–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9444-3_61.

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Narang, Naina, Anshika Verma, Jaydeep Singh, and Dharmendra Singh. "Electromagnetic Metrology for Microwave Absorbing Materials." In Handbook of Metrology and Applications, 1–21. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1550-5_80-1.

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Narang, Naina, Anshika Verma, Jaydeep Singh, and Dharmendra Singh. "Electromagnetic Metrology for Microwave Absorbing Materials." In Handbook of Metrology and Applications, 1421–41. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2074-7_80.

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Rahmat-Samii, Y. "Antenna Diagnosis by Microwave Holographic Metrology." In Electromagnetic Modelling and Measurements for Analysis and Synthesis Problems, 17–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3232-9_2.

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Nande, Swaraj Shekhar, Monika, Harish Singh Rawat, and Satya Kesh Dubey. "Study of Electromagnetic Induced Transparency and Its Dependence on Probe Decay for Cascade and Lambda Models." In Recent Advances in Metrology, 209–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2468-2_24.

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"Commission A: Electromagnetic Metrology." In Review of Radio Science 1996-1999. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9780470546352.part1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Metrology of electromagnetism":

1

Nsugbe, Ejay, Ibrahim Sanusi, Olusayo Obajemu, Oluwarotimi Williams Samuel, Mojisola Grace Asogbon, and Guanglin Li. "A Low Channel Number Sensing Approach for an Ethnic Specific Labour Immanency Prediction using Bio-Electromagnetism." In 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0&IoT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot51437.2021.9488436.

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"Electromagnetic metrology." In 2004 Second International Workshop Ultrawideband and Ultrashort Impulse Signals. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uwbus.2004.1388077.

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"Electromagnetic metrology." In 2008 4th International Conference on Ultrawideband and Ultrashort Impulse Signals. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uwbus.2008.4669427.

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"Electromagnetic compatibility. Electromagnetic metrology." In 2010 5th International Conference on Ultrawideband and Ultrashort Impulse Signals (UWBUSIS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uwbusis.2010.5609124.

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"Electromagnetic compatibility. Electromagnetic metrology." In 2012 6th International Conference on Ultrawideband and Ultrashort Impulse Signals (UWBUSIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uwbusis.2012.6379740.

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Hao, Ling, John Gallop, and Jie Chen. "Electromagnetic Metrology for NEMS." In 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2018.8500917.

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Janssen, T. J. B. M., C. Giusca, J. Gallop, L. Hao, O. Kazakova, V. Panchal, R. Pearce, and A. Tzalenchuk. "Graphene metrology." In 2014 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2014.6898559.

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Skierucha, Wojciech, Marcin Kafarski, Andrzej Wilczek, Agnieszka Szyplowska, Arkadiusz Lewandowski, Justyna Szerement, Aleksandra Woszczyk, and Jacek Majcher. "Soil Aquametry and Electromagnetic Metrology." In 2020 Baltic URSI Symposium (URSI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursi48707.2020.9254071.

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"A- Electromagnetic Metrology [breaker page]." In 2021 Kleinheubach Conference. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ieeeconf54431.2021.9598361.

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Velt, I., and Yu Mikhailova. "New electromagnetic flowmeters for liquid metal." In 16th International Congress of Metrology, edited by J. R. Filtz, B. Larquier, P. Claudel, and J. O. Favreau. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201302006.

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Reports on the topic "Metrology of electromagnetism":

1

DeWeese, Mary E. Metrology for electromagnetic technology :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-3921.

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Kline, Kathryn E., and Mary E. DeWeese. metrology for electromagnetic technology :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.85-3029.

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Kline, Kathryn E., and Mary E. DeWeese. Metrology for electromagnetic technology :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.86-3048.

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Kline, Kathryn E., and Mary E. DeWeese. Metrology for electromagnetic technology :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3074.

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DeWeese, Mary E. Metrology for electromagnetic technology :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.88-3097.

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DeWeese, Mary E. Metrology for electromagnetic technology :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.3946.

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DeWeese, Mary E. Metrology for electromagnetic technology :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.3972.

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DeWeese, Mary E., and Sarabeth Meynihan. Metrology for electromagnetic technology :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.3994.

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Ma, Mark T. Electromagnetic compatibility and interference metrology. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1099.

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Metrology for electromagnetic technology:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5008.

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