Journal articles on the topic 'Metro train transport'
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CHEN, Shaokuan, Yanan ZHANG, Yue DI, Fang LI, and JIA Wenzheng. "A MULTI-AGENT-BASED APPROACH FOR THE IMPACTS ANALYSIS OF PASSENGER FLOW ON PLATFORMS IN METRO STATIONS CONSIDERING TRAIN OPERATIONS." Transport 33, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.5663.
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Impacts analysis of train operation on passenger flow in metro stations is an important and fundamental require-ment to improve the operational efficiency and ensure passengers a high level of service. This study aims at large metro sta-tions where thousands of passengers are moving, boarding or alighting and the complicated interactions among passengers and between passengers and other entities like stairways or trains take place all the time. A multi-agent-based approach is developed from the investigation of movement characteristics of passengers to meet the above requirement and deal with such interactions. The simulation scenarios considering the various conditions of train operations are performed in the case studies of a metro station in Beijing (China) to prove the feasibility of the proposed approach, which is useful to for-mulate and evaluate the operation schemes of trains
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Feng, Xuesong, Haidong Liu, Hanxiao Zhang, Baoshan Wang, and Qipeng Sun. "Rational Formations of a Metro Train Improve Its Efficiencies of Both Traction Energy Utilization and Passenger Transport." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/643274.
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Based on simulations of passenger transports of two representative types of metro trains in China, this study analyzes efficiencies of energy consumption and passenger transport of a metro train in the effect of its target speed, formation scale (FS) (i.e., length and mass of the formation), relative traction capacity (RTC) (i.e., ratio of the motoring cars to all its cars), and so forth. It is found that increasing energy cost efficiency of a metro train with decreasing its target speed is evidently accelerated with reducing its RTC below 0.50 at the expense of obviously lowering its passenger transport efficiency. Moreover, if the passenger capacity of the train is sufficiently utilized, increasing its FS for the same RTC is easy to have its passenger transport efficiency improved significantly even for a meanwhile much decreased target speed with consuming energy less intensively. Therefore, metro trains in peak hours may take comparatively big FSs, relatively high target speeds, and RTCs over 0.50 to meet usually urgent and large-scale travel demands in such time. In contrast, trains in nonpeak hours ought to have small FSs, relatively low target speeds, and RTCs smaller than 0.50 for mainly avoiding energy waste.
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Amit, Kumar, Singh Ankit, Pandey Adity, and Srivastava Mansi. "Monitoring of driverless metro train using arduino UNO." i-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation and Control Engineering 10, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jic.10.1.18683.
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The world is advancing every day in terms of technology, making lives easier. The world is progressing with the modernization of technology exponentially. Each technology is gradually becoming automated, as technology used in transport. Transport is an absolute necessity for people. Thus, in the field of transport, there is also a constant improvement. Previously, trains were operated manually with the help of a driver. The problems encountered with the use of manually operated metro trains were inefficient in terms of the characteristics, such as speed, delay, etc. In addition, a single mistake made by the driver can lead to serious consequences. The main problem is that a manually operated metro train is out of control over time, which negatively affects the railway network management system. To solve this problem, the need for drivers is being eliminated by the concept of driverless metro trains. The advantages of an automated metro system are that the safety of passengers is under control, and the energy consumption is reduced, which improves its operation.
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Zhu, Tao, Shou-Ne Xiao, Guang-Zhong Hu, Guang-Wu Yang, and Chao Yang. "CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF METRO VEHICLES CONSTRUCTED FROM TYPICAL MATERIALS AND THE LUMPED PARAMETER MODEL OF FRONTAL IMPACT." Transport 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7552.
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This paper establishes a Finite Element (FE) model of a rigid barrier impact of a single vehicle constructed from carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy, which are three typical materials used in metro vehicle car body structures. The different responses of the three materials during the collision are compared. According to the energy absorption, velocity, deformation and collision force flow characteristics of each vehicle, the relationship between the energy absorption ratio of the vehicle body and the energy absorption ratio of its key components is proposed. Based on the collision force flow distribution proportion of each component, the causes of the key components’ deformation are analysed in detail. The internal relationship between the deformation, energy absorption and impact force of the key components involved in a car body collision is elucidated. By determining the characteristic parameters describing the vehicle’s dynamic stiffness, a metro vehicle frontal impact model using lumped parameters is established that provides a simple and efficient conceptual design method for railway train safety design. These research results can be used to guide the design of railway trains for structural crashworthiness.
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Aqib, Muhammad, Rashid Mehmood, Ahmed Alzahrani, Iyad Katib, Aiiad Albeshri, and Saleh M. Altowaijri. "Rapid Transit Systems: Smarter Urban Planning Using Big Data, In-Memory Computing, Deep Learning, and GPUs." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 2736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102736.
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Rapid transit systems or metros are a popular choice for high-capacity public transport in urban areas due to several advantages including safety, dependability, speed, cost, and lower risk of accidents. Existing studies on metros have not considered appropriate holistic urban transport models and integrated use of cutting-edge technologies. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach toward large-scale and faster prediction of metro system characteristics by employing the integration of four leading-edge technologies: big data, deep learning, in-memory computing, and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Using London Metro as a case study, and the Rolling Origin and Destination Survey (RODS) (real) dataset, we predict the number of passengers for six time intervals (a) using various access transport modes to reach the train stations (buses, walking, etc.); (b) using various egress modes to travel from the metro station to their next points of interest (PoIs); (c) traveling between different origin-destination (OD) pairs of stations; and (d) against the distance between the OD stations. The prediction allows better spatiotemporal planning of the whole urban transport system, including the metro subsystem, and its various access and egress modes. The paper contributes novel deep learning models, algorithms, implementation, analytics methodology, and software tool for analysis of metro systems.
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Averchenkov, E. O., L. A. Baranov, and M. A. Shevchenko. "Functional structure of the subway train traffic control system complex." Automation on Transport 7, no. 3 (September 2021): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2021-7-3-343-361.
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The main architectural aspects of metro train traffic control systems are presented. The structure of train traffic control processes is presented with the example of the State Unitary Enterprise “Moscow Metro” and the main tasks that need to be solved to achieve high levels of automation of train traffic control in subways are described. A functional structure of a complex of metro train traffic control systems is presented, covering the levels of organization and planning of train traffic, operational traffic control and direct executive systems. The relationship between objects of automation and remote control of train movement, devices of the operational level and systems of organization and planning of movement are shown. The necessity of re-equipping the metro with means of ensuring transport safety and linking them with traffic control systems such as: means of informing passengers, providing the possibility of promptly informing passengers both during normal operation of the transport system and in case of emergency situations, means of communication “passenger – control center (situation center)” is shown. The latter ensures interaction between passengers and operational personnel of the subway, and if necessary, video surveillance equipment that provides enhanced remote control of the current situation in the interior of rolling stock cars and on platforms. The use of complex systems for controlling the movement of trains in subways increases the efficiency of their use by increasing the throughput and carrying capacity, accurate fulfillment of the traffic schedule and the possibility of its rapid recovery in case of failures. At the same time, traffic safety increases by reducing the likelihood of dangerous train convergence , and also the energy consumption for train traction is reduced due to the choice of energy-optimal train control modes and the optimal distribution of travel time along the line by the criterion of minimum energy consumption for the duration of travel along the tracks
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He, Chao Ming, Huan Li, Guo Sheng Fei, and Qiang Wang. "Strategic Study on Metro Train Comfortableness Based Operation." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2014.
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Reliving the stress of the urban public transport, the metro system is greatly superior to other transport methods on the load, energy consumption, mean drive speed, arrival on time and comfortableness. The passengers comfortable is the important part for developing the train operation strategies. For optimization of the energy, time saving and the passengers comfortableness during operation of the train, the proper objective function is designed. The train operation strategy for meeting the inter-stop passengers comfortableness at the curves was developed and the energy and time savings of the section were combined, and the optimization operation plan for the whole line was designed, to better meet the metro train operation.
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Stoilova, Svetla Dimitrova, and Veselin Valentinov Stoev. "Methodology of Transport Scheme Selection for Metro Trains Using a Combined Simulation-Optimization Model." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 29, no. 1 (February 3, 2017): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v29i1.2139.
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A major problem connected with planning the organization of trains in metros is the optimization of the scheme of movement, which determines the routing and the number of trains. In this paper, a combined simulation-optimization model including four steps is proposed. In the first step, the train movement has been simulated in order to study the interval between the trains according to the incoming passenger flows at the stations. The simulation model was elaborated using the ARENA software. The results were validated through experimental observations. Using the results obtained from simulations in the second step the correlation between the observed parameters - the incoming passengers and the interval between trains - has been studied. Recent research has established a non-linear relationship between the interval of movement, incoming passengers at the station and passengers on the platform. The third step defines the variant schemes of transportation. The fourth step presents the optimal choice of transportation of trains in metros based on linear optimization model. The model uses the regression obtained in the second step. The practicability of the combined simulation-optimization model is demonstrated through the case study of Sofia’s metro in two peak periods – morning and evening. The model results and the real situation have been compared. It was found that the model results are similar to the real data for the morning peak period but for the evening peak period it is necessary to increase the number of trains.
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Larpruenrudee, Puchanee, Nic C. Surawski, and Mohammad S. Islam. "The Effect of Metro Construction on the Air Quality in the Railway Transport System of Sydney, Australia." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2022): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050759.
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Sydney Metro is the biggest project of Australia’s public transport, which was designed to provide passengers with more trains and faster services. This project was first implemented in 2017 and is planned to be completed in 2024. As presented, the project is currently in the construction stage located on the ground stations of the Sydney Trains Bankstown line (T3). Based on this stage, several construction activities will generate air pollutants, which will affect the air quality around construction areas. Moreover, it might cause health problems to people around there and also the passengers who usually take the train on the T3 line. However, there is no specific data for air quality inside the train that may be affected by the construction from each area. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the air quality inside the train carriage of all related stations from the T3 line. A sampling campaign was conducted over 3 months to analyze particulate matter (PM) concentration, the main indoor pollutants including formaldehyde (HCHO) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The results of the T3 line were analyzed and compared to Airport & South line (T8) that were not affected by the project’s construction. The results of this study indicate that Sydney Metro construction activities insignificantly affected the air quality inside the train. Average PM2.5 and PM10 inside the train of T3 line in the daytime were slightly higher than in the nighttime. The differences in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from these periods were around 6.8 μg/m3 and 12.1 μg/m3, respectively. The PM concentrations inside the train from the T3 line were slightly higher than the T8 line. However, these concentrations were still lower than those recommended by the national air quality standards. For HCHO and TVOC, the average HCHO and TVOC concentrations were less than the recommendation criteria.
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Fernández-Rodríguez, Adrián, Antonio Fernández-Cardador, Asunción Cucala, and Maria Falvo. "Energy Efficiency and Integration of Urban Electrical Transport Systems: EVs and Metro-Trains of Two Real European Lines." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030366.
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Transport is a main source of pollutants in cities, where air quality is a major concern. New transport technologies, such as electric vehicles, and public transport modalities, such as urban railways, have arisen as solutions to this important problem. One of the main difficulties for the adoption of electric vehicles by consumers is the scarcity of a suitable charging infrastructure. The use of the railway power supplies to charge electric vehicle batteries could facilitate the deployment of charging infrastructure in cities. It would reduce the cost because of the use of an existing installation. Furthermore, electric vehicles can use braking energy from trains that was previously wasted in rheostats. This paper presents the results of a collaboration between research teams from University of Rome Sapienza and Comillas Pontifical University. In this work, two real European cases are studied: an Italian metro line and a Spanish metro line. The energy performance of these metro lines and their capacity to charge electric vehicles have been studied by means of detailed simulation tools. Their results have shown that the use of regenerated energy is 98% for short interval of trains in both cases. However, the use of regenerated energy decreases as the train intervals grow. In a daily operation, an important amount of regenerated energy is wasted in the Italian and Spanish case. Using this energy, a significant number of electric vehicles could be charged every day.
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Pan, Fuquan, Jingshuang Li, Hailiang Tang, Changxi Ma, Lixia Zhang, and Xiaoxia Yang. "Collaborative Determination Method of Metro Train Plan Adjustment and Passenger Flow Control under the Impact of COVID-19." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021128.
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Aiming at the problem of metro operation and passenger transport organization under the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), a collaborative determination method of train planning and passenger flow control is proposed to reduce the train load rate in each section and decrease the risk of spreading COVID-19. The Fisher optimal division method is used to determine reasonable passenger flow control periods, and based on this, different flow control rates are adopted for each control period to reduce the difficulty of implementing flow control at stations. According to the actual operation and passenger flow changes, a mathematical optimization model is established. Epidemic prevention risk values (EPRVs) are defined based on the standing density criteria for trains to measure travel safety. The optimization objectives of the model are to minimize the EPRV of trains in each interval, the passenger waiting time and the operating cost of the corporation. The decision variables are the number of running trains during the study period and the flow control rate at each station. The original model is transformed into a single-objective model by the linear weighting of the target, and the model is solved by designing a particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm (PSO‑GA). The validity of the method and the model is verified by actual metro line data. The results of the case study show that when a line is in the moderate-risk area of COVID-19, two more trains should be added to the full-length and short-turn routes after optimization. Combined with the flow control measures for large passenger flow stations, the maximum train load rate is reduced by 35.18%, and the load rate of each section of trains is less than 70%, which meets the requirements of COVID-19 prevention and control. The method can provide a theoretical basis for related research on ensuring the safety of metro operation during COVID-19.
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Chen, Yao, Baohua Mao, Yun Bai, Zhujun Li, and Jimeng Tang. "A COMPUTATION METHOD ON TIME-DEPENDENT ACCESSIBILITY OF URBAN RAIL TRANSIT NETWORKS FOR THE LAST SERVICE." Transport 35, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12106.
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Urban rail transit networks seldom provide 24-hour service. The last train is the latest chance for passengers. If passengers arrive too late to catch the last train, the path becomes inaccessible. The network accessibility thus varies depending on the departure time of passenger trips. This paper focuses on the computation method on the time-dependent accessibility of urban rail transit networks in order to facilitate the itinerary planning of passengers. A label setting algorithm is first designed to calculate the latest possible times for Origin–Destination (O–D) pairs, which is the latest departure times of passengers from the origins such that the destinations can be reach successfully. A searching approach is then developed to find the shortest accessible path at any possible departure times. The method is applied in a real-world metro network. The results show that the method is a powerful tool in solving the service accessibility problem. It has the ability to allow passengers to plan an optimal itinerary. Comparison analysis indicates that the proposed method can provide exact solutions in much shorter time, compared with a path enumeration method. Extensive tests on a set of random networks indicate that the method is efficient enough in practical applications. The execution time for an O–D pair on a personal computer with 2.8 GHZ CPU and 4GB of RAM is only 1.2 s for urban rail transit networks with 100 transfer stations.
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Bocewicz, Grzegorz, and Zbigniew Banaszak. "Multimodal processes scheduling in mesh-like network environment." Archives of Control Sciences 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acsc-2015-0016.
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Abstract Multimodal processes planning and scheduling play a pivotal role in many different domains including city networks, multimodal transportation systems, computer and telecommunication networks and so on. Multimodal process can be seen as a process partially processed by locally executed cyclic processes. In that context the concept of a Mesh-like Multimodal Transportation Network (MMTN) in which several isomorphic subnetworks interact each other via distinguished subsets of common shared intermodal transport interchange facilities (such as a railway station, bus station or bus/tram stop) as to provide a variety of demand-responsive passenger transportation services is examined. Consider a mesh-like layout of a passengers transport network equipped with different lines including buses, trams, metro, trains etc. where passenger flows are treated as multimodal processes. The goal is to provide a declarative model enabling to state a constraint satisfaction problem aimed at multimodal transportation processes scheduling encompassing passenger flow itineraries. Then, the main objective is to provide conditions guaranteeing solvability of particular transport lines scheduling, i.e. guaranteeing the right match-up of local cyclic acting bus, tram, metro and train schedules to a given passengers flow itineraries.
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Villa, Rafael, and Andrés Monzón. "A Metro-Based System as Sustainable Alternative for Urban Logistics in the Era of E-Commerce." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 4479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084479.
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Business to consumer e-commerce (B2C) has increased sharply in recent years driven by a growing online population and changes in consumer behavior. In metropolitan areas, the “Amazon effect” (online retailers’ vast selection, fast shipping, free returns, and low prices) has led to an increased use of light goods vehicles. This is affecting the rational functioning of the transport system, including a high degree of fragmentation, low load optimization, and, among other externalities, higher traffic congestion. This paper investigates the potential of a metro system, in a big city like Madrid, to provide delivery services by leveraging its existing carrying capacity and using the metro stations to collect parcels in lockers. It would be a new mixed distribution model for last-mile deliveries associated with e-commerce. To that end, the paper evaluates the cost and impacts of two alternative scenarios for managing the unused space in rolling stock (shared trains) or specific full train services (dedicated trains) on existing lines. The external costs of the proposed scenarios are compared with current e-commerce delivery scenario (parcel delivery by road). The results show that underground transport of parcels could significantly reduce congestion costs, accidents, noise, GHG emissions, and air pollution.
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Novales, M., A. Orro, and M. R. Bugarin. "Madrid tram-train feasibility study conclusions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 217, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440970321700101.
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The tram-train concept consists of the operation of a light rail system that can run either on existing or new tramway tracks, or on existing railway tracks, so that the services of urban public transport can be extended towards the region over these existing railway tracks, with much lower costs than if a completely new line were built. The authors have developed a research project about the feasibility of such a system in Madrid (Spain), extending newly created light rail networks through local Renfe (National Railways) lines, or through the Metrosur line (a circular metro line of new construction in the south of the city). The aim of the paper is to explain the conclusions of this research project in relation to the main technical issues that must be solved to develop this system.
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Radu, Petru Valentin, Miroslaw Lewandowski, and Adam Szelag. "On-Board and Wayside Energy Storage Devices Applications in Urban Transport Systems—Case Study Analysis for Power Applications." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082013.
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This paper investigates the benefits of using the on-board energy storage devices (OESD) and wayside energy storage devices (WESD) in light rail transportation (metro and tram) systems. The analysed benefits are the use of OESD and WESD as a source of supply in an emergency metro scenario to safely evacuate the passengers blocked in a metro train between stations; the use of OESD for catenary free sections, the benefits of using the WESD as an energy source for electrical car charging points and tram traction power supply; the benefits of using a central communication system between trams, cars, WESD and electrical car charging points. The authors investigated the use of: OESD with batteries for a catenary free section for different scenarios (full route or a catenary free section between two stations); the charge of OESD between stations (in parallel with tram motoring) to decrease the charging dwell time at stations and to help in achieving the operational timetable; the thermal effect of the additional load on the overhead contact system (OCS) when the tram is charging between stations; the sizing of OESD and WESD for emergency feeding in a metro system. The authors investigated the use of the WESD as a source of energy for the electrical car charging points to reduce the car pollution and carbon emissions. Presented in the paper is the enhanced multi train simulator with WESD prepared for the analyses conducted. The paper describes the DC electrical solver and WESD control method. A validation of the software has been conducted in regard to the substation voltage, WESD energy balance and WESD control.
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Felez, Jesus, Miguel Angel Vaquero-Serrano, and Juan de Dios Sanz. "A Robust Model Predictive Control for Virtual Coupling in Train Sets." Actuators 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11120372.
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In recent decades, the demand for rail transport has been growing steadily and faces a double problem. Not only must the transport capacity be increased, but also a more flexible service is needed to meet the real demand. Both objectives can be achieved through virtual coupling (VC), which is an evolution of the current moving block systems. Trains under VC can run much closer together, forming what is called a virtually coupled train set (VCTS). In this paper, we propose an approach in which virtual coupling is implemented via model predictive control (MPC). For this purpose, we define a robust controller that can predict, based on a dynamic model of the train, the state of the system at later moments of time and make the appropriate control decisions. A robust MPC (RMPC) is obtained by introducing two uncertain variables. The first uncertain variable is added to the acceleration equation of the dynamic model, while the second uncertain variable is used to define the uncertainty in the train positioning. To test the RMPC for virtual coupling, two simulation cases are performed for a metro line, analysing the influence of both the uncertainties. In all cases, the results obtained show a safer operation of the virtual coupling without significantly affecting the service.
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Zhang, Hanxiao, Xuesong Feng, Yi Liu, and Quan Wang. "Research on Traction Energy Cost Intensity and Passenger Transport Efficiency of a Metro Train." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 138 (July 2014): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.247.
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Waheed, Zehra. "Managing sensitive contractual disputes in construction: the Orange Line Metro Train Lahore project." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-01-2020-0001.
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Learning outcomes The key teaching objectives of the case are the following:▪ to develop an awareness of a megaproject’s external environment (through PESTLE) in terms of challenges from each source;▪ to introduce theory that allows students to identify, characterise and describe factors that can lead to inter-organisational conflict during construction projects;▪ to develop the ability to apply the typology of causal factors (identified in Objective 2) to a given context, answering why each factor may have contributed to the given contractual dispute;▪ to develop an understanding of the procurement and contract management process wherein contracts are not only the logical outcome of the procurement process but also the primary vehicles for clarifying responsibilities (for task completion) and risk transfer; and▪ to understand specific dynamics of construction projects that make disputes inevitable and ways to overcome these. Case overview/synopsis Priced at US$1.63bn (in 2015), the Orange Line Metro Train (OLMT) project in Lahore was one of Pakistan’s earliest (and costliest!) transport infrastructure megaprojects ever undertaken. Devised to ease congestion in Lahore, promote ecofriendly, efficient, modern and affordable transport systems and lead to improved mobility across Lahore, the OLMT was a socially, politically and economically important project.The case is seen through the eyes of the protagonist, Uzair Shah, a seasoned public servant and an experienced Transport Engineer. At the time of the decision, Shah was General Manager – Operations at the newly established Punjab Metrobus Authority (PMA – the project sponsor) and was also the project lead of OLMT’s Project Management Unit (PMU). Through Shah’s eyes, students approach the project at a juncture when the most serious contractual dispute in the project’s history has erupted. The parties at the interface were Lahore Development Authority (LDA), PMU’s technical interface with contractors and consultants and Maqbool-Colson Joint Venture (MCJV), one of the two civil work contractors hired for OLMT’s civil works.While quality issues had been emerging with MCJV for a few months, LDA had maintained unilateral communications and remained considerably adversarial in their dealings with MCJV. Eventually, in October 2016, this relationship had soured to such an extent that it appeared irreconcilable. It was only then that LDA had recommended Shah to take the contractor to court for non-performance.The decision that Uzair faced was whether to take LDA’s advice and take the contractor to court (terminate the contract, claim performance guarantee and appoint a new contractor) or negotiate and continue with the current contract. The decision had huge financial, legal, reputational, political and schedule-related implications. The decision needed to be taken by the protagonist in the context of all these factors. Complexity academic level The case was initially developed for use within a Procurement and Contracts Management course for a (business) executive audience. The case is intended for the business school audience or students enrolled in courses related to the construction management discipline.Courses where the case can be used include Construction Project Management, Public Sector Projects, Contracts and Procurement and Strategic Projects and Practice (or similar). The case can also be used within an MBA setting. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS: 9: Operations and Logistics.
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Cui, Yong, Qing Yu, and Chenyang Wang. "Headway Optimisation for Metro Lines Based on Timetable Simulation and Simulated Annealing." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (December 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7035214.
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To improve the capacity of metro systems, it is important to evaluate and minimise headway, which is defined as the time interval calculated from “head to head” between two successive trains in this paper. With existing approaches for headway optimisation, the headway for moving block systems is often calculated based on the safe braking distance. However, the blocking time at movable elements (e.g., switches and crossings) and stops has special characteristics. Since train separation is dominated by a signalling system, the distance between two successive trains at movable elements and stops exceeds the safe braking distance. In this work, the theory for building a blocking time model and calculating line headway for moving block systems is investigated. A workflow to minimise line headway is designed to derive an optimised velocity profile before the identified bottlenecks. Several different optimisation algorithms, including grid search, Monte Carlo, and simulated annealing, are developed and compared. Among them, simulated annealing shows the best optimisation capability with the least computational effort. The designed algorithm has been tested for Hefei-Metro Line 1, and the line headway can be reduced from 116.776 seconds to 105.806 seconds. If the acceptable rate of the increased transport is set at 1%, the line capacity will increase by 6.5%.
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Zhang, Bolun, Shaofeng Lu, Yang Peng, Chaoxian Wu, Guangzhao Meng, Minling Feng, and Bingjian Liu. "Impact of On-Board Hybrid Energy Storage Devices on Energy-Saving Operation for Electric Trains in DC Railway Systems." Batteries 8, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100167.
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To improve the energy-efficiency of transport systems, it is necessary to investigate electric trains with on-board hybrid energy storage devices (HESDs), which are applied to assist the traction and recover the regenerative energy. In this paper, a time-based mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to obtain the energy-saving operation for electric trains with different constraints of on-board HESDs, such as their capacity, initial state of charge (SOC), and level of degradation. The proposed integrated power flow model based on the train longitudinal dynamics, power split of on-board HESDs, and line impedance is discretized and linearized, aiming to minimize the net energy consumption (NEC). The results reveal that on-board HESDs with a higher capacity does not necessarily lead to a higher energy-saving rate; a lower or excessive initial SOC could undermine the energy-saving potential; considering the long-term train operation, the degradation of the Li-ion battery will influence the energy-saving operation for electric trains, as well as result in an energy-saving rate that ranges from 41.57% to 31.90%. The practical data from Guangzhou Metro Line 7 were applied in the simulations, which enhanced the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Pokusaev, O. N., A. E. Chekmarev, and V. S. Evseev. "On the Issue of Assigning Additional Stops for Long-Distance Passenger Trains within the Boundaries of the City of Moscow." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 172–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-172-197.
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In many world’s most populous cities, railways are an integral part of urban transport systems. Commuter and intraurban passenger railway traffic is often and widely considered in this context. On the other hand, the constant growth in passenger traffic of longdistance trains, traditionally gravitating towards railway stations and adjacent urban transport hubs, including metro stations through which arriving passengers pass towards their final destinations in the city, requires search for new solutions to improve comfort of the trip for passengers, and to remove the excess load from the urban transit system. Considering the experience and features of organization of long-distance passenger railway traffic in various countries, the authors based on previous research suggests certain solutions regarding Moscow railway hub. To organize comfortable environment for passengers of all categories of trains, it is advisable to develop a balanced technology of train traffic within the Moscow junction, excluding overloading of individual elements of the transport system (in particular, of rail stations in the city center). The objective of the article is to analyze global experience in organizing traffic of long-distance passenger trains within the boundaries of large agglomerations and to develop proposals to organize additional stopping points for long-distance trains in various districts of Moscow, which will help reduce the load on central transport and interchange hubs, improve quality of transportation services for passengers, and develop the districts of Moscow and Moscow region adjacent to the new TIHs.
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Madzivhandila, Cynthia, Jacob Mofokeng, and Lesiba L. Motsepe. "“Why fix it if ain’t broke”: Nature and extent of crime in the railway environment in South Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 4 (June 5, 2022): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1772.
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This article explores the nature and extent of crime in the railway environment in South Africa. Crimes against Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa, Transnet Freight Rail, Gautrain, and commuters are prevalent and the victims are being exposed to serious damage emanating from criminal activities. The challenges and implications for individuals and businesses, rich or poor consumers are recurrent themes in this study. A qualitative research approach was adopted to follow a non-probability purposive sample comprising 25 participants from the South African Police Service Rapid Rail Police Units. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews from research participants deployed in the Division: Visible Policing. The findings highlighted that the most prevalent crimes are cable theft, robberies and malicious property damage. The targeted trains are the Metro trains that operate locally, as they transport many commuters because it is the affordable mode of public transport in South Africa. The perpetrators also target this mode of transport because the train stations have an open system where perpetrators can easily access the entrance, therefore some do not even buy tickets and board the trains illegally. It is understood that Gautrain has a closed system and the security is advanced and watertight because of extra security measures such as the closed-circuit television cameras. Based on the findings, effective implementation of policies to improve safety is essential. Critical dialogues between all relevant.
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Tiverovsky, V. I. "European railways on the way to the digital future." Transport Technician: Education and Practice 2, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2021.2.213-220.
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The issues of development and practical implementation of control systems and devices and traffic safety assurance, which lead to the digital future of railways, are considered. The main directions of digitalization of European railways are presented. The role and importance of the European Train Management System (ETCS) and the European Train Management and Safety Management System (ERTMS) are shown. Both systems are being implemented on the railways of European countries in stages (levels). Various systems of centralization of points and signals are gradually being replaced by digital centralization (DSTW). At the same time, much attention is paid to equipping railway crossings with modern automation and traffic safety. In different European countries, research and development work is being carried out and projects for the automation of train control are being implemented. At this stage, the automation process is being carried out more actively in public transport, especially successfully in the metro. The increasing use of distributed diagnostic components in rail transport has been observed along with the growing demand for a centralized diagnostic system. The works in the field of using the capabilities of artificial intelligence, machine learning and other modern technologies are noted. The study of foreign experience in digitalization of railway transport is useful to take into account when solving the problems of development and digitalization of Russian railways.
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Radu, Petru Valentin, and Adam Szeląg. "Modelling of operation of a stationary energy storage device in metro rail transport for selection of its parameters." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818002011.
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The paper presents a Simulink model of a DC metro traction supply system with a stationary energy storage device (SESD). The simulation model consists of traction substations, a train model, and an energy storage device (ESD) with supercapacitors (SC). A new energy management strategy considering the line voltage and current, SC state of charge (SOC) and SC charging and discharging current is proposed. This method can improve the energy savings and manage the remaining energy. Simulation results provided in this paper justify the control method. The proposed model can be used with different ESD, such as batteries.
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Lan, Tian, Zhilin Li, Jicheng Wang, Chengyin Gong, and Peng Ti. "An ANNs-Based Method for Automated Labelling of Schematic Metro Maps." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010036.
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Schematic maps are popular for representing transport networks. In the last two decades, some researchers have been working toward automated generation of network layouts (i.e., the network geometry of schematic maps), while automated labelling of schematic maps is not well considered. The descriptive-statistics-based labelling method, which models the labelling space by defining various station-based line relations in advance, has been specially developed for schematic maps. However, if a certain station-based line relation is not predefined in the database, this method may not be able to infer suitable labelling positions under this relation. It is noted that artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the ability to infer unseen relations. In this study, we aim to develop an ANNs-based method for the labelling of schematic metro maps. Samples are first extracted from representative schematic metro maps, and then they are employed to train and test ANNs models. Five types of attributes (e.g., station-based line relations) are used as inputs, and two types of attributes (i.e., directions and positions of labels) are used as outputs. Experiments show that this ANNs-based method can generate effective and satisfactory labelling results in the testing cases. Such a method has potential to be extended for the labelling of other transport networks.
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Krishnamurthy, Kamalanand, Bakiya Ambikapathy, Ashwani Kumar, and Lourduraj De Britto. "Prediction of the Transition From Subexponential to the Exponential Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Chennai, India: Epidemic Nowcasting." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): e21152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21152.
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Background Several countries adopted lockdown to slowdown the exponential transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. Disease transmission models and the epidemic forecasts at the national level steer the policy to implement appropriate intervention strategies and budgeting. However, it is critical to design a data-driven reliable model for nowcasting for smaller populations, in particular metro cities. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the transition of the epidemic from subexponential to exponential transmission in the Chennai metro zone and to analyze the probability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) secondary infections while availing the public transport systems in the city. Methods A single geographical zone “Chennai-Metro-Merge” was constructed by combining Chennai District with three bordering districts. Subexponential and exponential models were developed to analyze and predict the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic. Probabilistic models were applied to assess the probability of secondary infections while availing public transport after the release of the lockdown. Results The model predicted that transition from subexponential to exponential transmission occurs around the eighth week after the reporting of a cluster of cases. The probability of secondary infections with a single index case in an enclosure of the city bus, the suburban train general coach, and the ladies coach was found to be 0.192, 0.074, and 0.114, respectively. Conclusions Nowcasting at the early stage of the epidemic predicts the probable time point of the exponential transmission and alerts the public health system. After the lockdown release, public transportation will be the major source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in metro cities, and appropriate strategies based on nowcasting are needed.
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Ilias, Nicolae, Omar Lanchava, and Giorgi Nozadze. "Numerical simulation of air flow in short metro ventilation shafts caused by a piston effect." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500050.
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Protecting the infrastructure of the metro from unauthorized actions with the help of ventilation openings of the systems is one of the main security problems of this type of transport. This article discusses the problem of the dynamics of distribution of the mass flow rate of ventilation air in a two-component system “tunnel vertical ventilation shaft”, due to the piston effect of a moving train. The dependence of the mass flow rate of ventilation air passing in both directions in short ventilation shafts (up to 10 m), on the speed, location of the rolling stock and cross-sectional area of the ventilation shaft is investigated. It is shown, that at speeds of 10–20 m / s of rolling stock and sections of the ventilation shaft of more than 4 m2, the mass flow rate of air passing through the ventilation shaft must be taken into account with the mass flow rate of ventilation air in the transport tunnel for assessing the safety of the harmful aerosols. These processes can have a significant impact on the air quality of the underground infrastructure of the metro.
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Yin, Biao, and Fabien Leurent. "Estimation of Transfer Time from Multimodal Transit Services in the Paris Region." Future Transportation 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 886–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp2040049.
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A reliable public transport system is beneficial for people traveling in the metropolitan area. Transfer time in multimodal transit networks has been highlighted as one of the measures of public transport service quality. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate the passengers’ transfer time between the transit modes (i.e., train, metro, and bus) based on the 2018 Household Travel Survey in the Paris region, France. The transit trips with a single transit leg are primarily studied, wherein average wait time and mode speeds are estimated through an integrated linear regression model. Based on these inferences, transfer time is deduced within the trips of multiple transit legs. The decomposition procedure of journey time facilitates the estimation of the time components, and reveals the transfer variability in mode, time, and space. From the results, we find that the transfer to the railway modes, especially to the metro, costs less time on average than the transfer to the bus in the study area. The transfer patterns in the morning and evening peak hours are different regarding the transfer duration and locations. Lastly, the results’ reliability, method scalability, and potential applications are discussed in detail.
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Safronov, A. I., and E. V. Lysenko. "MODELING THE PLAN OF THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS DURING THE MORNING RUSH HOUR ON THE CLOSED BOLSHAYA KOLTSEVAYA LINE OF THE MOSCOW METRO." Automation on Transport 7, no. 4 (December 2021): 584–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2021-7-4-584-616.
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The article analyzes the characteristics of the construction of the Bolshaya Koltsevaya line (Large Circle Line) of the Moscow Metro from the point of view of the transportation process planning. The authors have studied the characteristics of all operating depots of the Moscow Metro that justify the plans for the construction of two new depots (Aminievsky and Nizhegorodsky), as well as the reconstruction of one of the existing depots (Zamoskvoretsky), located within the city limits of Moscow – inside the Moscow Automobile Ring Road (MKAD), in the vicinity of the Third Transport Ring and beyond. For the needs of modeling, the station-to-station length of the closed Bolshaya Koltsevaya line was measured, subject to the transfer of a train traffi c section from the Delovoy Tsentr station to the Khoroshevskaya station of the projected Rublyovo-Arkhangelskaya metro line. Based on the measurement fi ndings, the station-to-station travel times along the closed Bolshaya Koltsevaya line were calculated, which subsequently made it possible to determine the number of electric rolling stock units required to service the Bolshaya Koltsevaya line in the morning rush hour
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Jacyna, Marianna, Emilian Szczepański, Mariusz Izdebski, Sławomir Jasiński, and Mariusz Maciejewski. "Characteristics of event recorders in Automatic Train Control systems." Archives of Transport 46, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2103.
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The development of railway transport in the current times is very noticeable, it is connected with the growing needs of movement as well as the development of information engineering. The increase in the demand for transport requires the implementation of solutions that increase the efficiency of the transport system. Both long-distance, agglomeration and metro railways can use different systems due to their specificity. Nevertheless, there is a noticeable trend in the development of systems supporting or even replacing the driver by the automation of selected activities. Such systems allow to reduce trains headway and thus increase the capacity of the line. CBTC class systems (Communications-based train control) belong to automatic train systems and are based on wireless transmission. The main purpose of using such systems is to increase the frequency of running trains while maintaining the level of safety. Computers that are on the system equipment record, process and analyse very large amounts of data. An essential element of such systems are recording units. The parameter recorders can be divided into technical and legal ones. However, for CBTC class systems, there is no obligation or requirement to use legal recorders as it is in the case of ETCS. However, it is necessary to use event recorders, and these are subject to the requirements set out in the PN-EN 62625-1: 2014 standard. The recorders are a very important component of safety systems, which is why they were analysed in this article. Both the driver, the vehicle and the infrastructure should be subject of continuous monitoring. The occurrence of an adverse event (not necessarily leading to an incident or accident) should be analysed and used to improve safety procedures. Currently, automatic systems are still developing and we are not able to accurately assess what the causes and effects of certain events may be, which is why data collection and analysis is particularly important. The article presents the general specification of the CBTC system. The parameters and properties of driving recorders should be presented. This article is co-financed by the European Union POIR.01.01.01-00-0276/17
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Larumbe, Jaime. "Measuring Customer Reservation Price for Maintenance, Repair and Operations of the Metro Public Transport System in Qatar." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 11023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911023.
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Getting to know the price that users assign to maintenance, repair and operations (MRO) has arisen as an essential consideration in gathering financial sustainability for metro public transport systems. The current research reveals customer reservation price for MRO in the main metro stations in Qatar. The purpose of the present work is to assess the willingness to pay for MRO services in eight metro stations in Doha in order to have a better understanding of user preferences. Qualitative research was carried out employing primary and secondary source of information. Primary data was collected by means of a mixture of data accumulation approaches: key informant meetings and focus-group conversations. Secondary data was collected from the account books, contracts, recordings of trans-actions, statements of work and activity reports given by the local rail committees. A stated preference investigation was applied through open text format questions to more than 1000 customers, and a Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the considerations affecting every higher value. Outputs reveal normal customer reservation prices per month and per train journey. The results also indicate a significant willingness to pay differential among the studied railway stations. The study of the decisive considerations elicits that the degree to which the MRO service can exclude paying consumers, the attending of rail conferences and the possibility of using another rail station are related with the customer reservation price. The outputs of this research are significant for railway public authorities willing to set up reasonable, adequate and realistic fares that support fund competent railway systems in Qatar.
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Kolotukha, I. O., and O. V. Kolotukha. "CLASSIFICATION OF SPATIAL TRANSPORT FORMATIONS OF A BIG CITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KYIV)." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 27, no. 1(40) (July 12, 2022): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.1(40).257536.
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Problem Statement and Purpose. City public passenger transport is one of the essential services, which depends on both the economic complex development and the citizens’ way of life. At the same time, a significant aspect of the public transport system study is its territorial organization. The purpose of the research is to identify passenger transport formations of Kyiv city and provide their classification according to selected criteria. Data & Methods. In our study, it was of primary importance to choose result-oriented methods. We have utilized the basic scientific methods of socio-geographical research, namely system-structural analysis, analytical-statistical, statistical-economic, comparative-geographical, and cartographic. Results. Identification and classification of intercity transport formations were carried out according to four classification criteria: scale (intracity transport hub, center, point), functions (formations based on objects receiving external passenger flows; formations based on objects regulating domestic passenger flows; transfer points), the volume of passenger traffic (large, medium, small) and the degree of modality (very complex, complex, medium, simple). As a result of the research, 9 large, 13 medium, and 18 small inner-city transport hubs were identified in Kyiv. According to the functional feature, three levels of passenger transport formations should be distinguished: transport formations near railway stations, railway stations, airports, bus stations, which receive and send external passenger flows directed to the city; transport formations, which mainly regulate intra-city passenger flows, first of all, metro stations, as well as several high-speed tram stops, some stations of the city electric train; railway stops, platforms, terminals of public transport, where passengers are picked up, dropped off and transferred from one vehicle to another. The highest degree of modality (very complex) is typical for the Central Railway Station, ‘Vydubychi’ and ‘Pochayna’ junctions, ‘Darnytsia’, ‘Beresteiska’ metro stations are complex.
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Barański, Sławomir, and Marcin Steczek. "Analysis of the influence of train timetable on energy consumption on the metro line." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818005001.
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The latest technical solutions provide new opportunities for reducing energy consumption in electrified transport systems. The basic solution is to eliminate vehicles based on resistor start-up system and replace them with vehicles equipped with semiconductor based converter propulsion system (choppers and voltage source inverters). This type of drive also allows to recover energy (recuperation) from train braking, which is repeated very often case of metro lines. The problem is to find the receiver for this energy while the vehicle is braking. Large opportunities are also available when using various types of energy storage devices: stationary installed on the side of traction line and mobile ones used on-board the traction vehicles. Choosing the type of energy storage device for operating conditions, their capacity and the location of installation are complex optimization processes. This type of solution involves significant financial input, which reimbursement is spread over a long period of time. Therefore, it seems rational to seek solutions with limited financial outlay. This paper presents a solution analysis of adjusting the timetable and timeshifts between vehicle streams on the metro line to increase the efficiency of energy recovery of regenerative braking vehicles. This operation will reduce the amount of energy consumption by vehicles from the traction substations. The results presented in the paper were obtained by computer simulation of operation on the first line of the Warsaw subway, assuming that there was no energy storage devices and traction substations were operating without recuperation of the energy to the power system.
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Furlan, Raffaello, and Mooza AlMohannadi. "LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AND LAND USE IN QATAR: AN INTEGRATED PLANNING STRATEGY FOR AL-QASSAR’S TOD." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.1020.
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The State of Qatar is presently facing the development of major transport infrastructure, to be finalized (A) by 2022 for the planned FIFA World Cup and (B) by 2030, as envisioned by the comprehensive national development planning strategy, also named Qatar National Vision (QNV-2030). The under-development metro system foresees the construction of four main lines. In addition, Doha, the capital city of the State of Qatar, is experiencing the progress of (1) prestigious mega projects and (2) several transit villages around the major metro stations. These projects are the manifestation of the deliberate attempt of Qatar to establish Doha as the service, economic and cultural hub of Middle East. Currently, traffic is considered a major concern: ‘Park-and-Ride’ facilities along train stations may reduce the general amount of vehicles on the road network and provide a ‘stress-free’ passenger experience when transitioning to and from the new Doha Metro System. Therefore, one of major challenges for urban planners is guaranteeing that all metro-stations and facilities (A) are fully integrated within the urban context of their surroundings and (B) provide multi modal transportation facilities. This urban planning strategy aims at reducing traffic through the design of compacted, mixed used transit villages, or Transit Oriented Developments (TODs). This paper explores the case of the neighborhood of Al-Qassar metro station. The exploration starts with the review of the relevant literature and the analysis of the site. Finally, the resultant planning-strategy for an integrated conceptual development of AL-Qassar-TOD envisions the development of a compact transit village, which contributes to reduce the traffic, to enhance pedestrian connectivity and to shape a liveable community.
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Jin, Jun, Yan Hui Wang, and Man Li. "Prediction of the Metro Section Passenger Flow Based on Time-Space Characteristic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1038.
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At present, the real-time data of the section passenger flow can’t be acquired in the process of urban rail transit operation, which brings some difficulties to the passenger monitoring and controlling. After analyzing the spatio-temporal complexity characters, this paper adopted BP neural network to predict the section passenger flow, which was based on the first three consecutive periods of the in and out station traffic and the next period of the section passenger flow data. Finally, Fuxingmen and Xidan in Beijing urban rail transit were selected, their first three consecutive periods of the in and out traffic are put as the input data, and the next period of the section traffic as the output data, then BP neural network was used to train and predict under MATLAB. The anticipant and the actual output results are well fitted, which proves that the data processing method is effective and the parameters of the BP neural network are reasonable, and it can provide theoretical reference for the transport operators to some extent.
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Baranov, L. A., V. G. Sidorenko, E. P. Balakina, and L. N. Loginova. "Intelligent centralized traffic management of a rapid transit system under heavy traffic." Dependability 21, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-2-17-23.
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Aim. In today’s major cities, increased utilization and capacity of the rapid transit systems (metro, light rail, commuter trains with stops within the city limits) – under condi[1]tions of positive traffic safety – is achieved through smart automatic train traffic management. The aim of this paper is to choose and substantiate the design principles and architecture of such system.Methods. Using systems analysis, the design principles and architecture of the system are substantiated. Genetic algorithms allow automating train traffic planning. Methods of the optimal control theory allow managing energy-efficient train movement patterns along open lines, assigning individual station-to-station running times following the principle of mini[1]mal energy consumption, developing energy-efficient target traffic schedules. Methods of the automatic control theory are used for selecting and substantiating the train traffic algorithms at various functional levels, for constructing random disturbance extrapolators that minimize the number of train stops between stations.Results. Development and substantiation of the design principles and architecture of a centralized intelligent hierarchical system for automatic rapid transit traffic management. The distribution of functions between the hierarchy levels is described, the set of subsystems is shown that implement the purpose of management, i.e., ensuring traffic safety and comfort of passengers. The criteria are defined and substantiated of management quality under compensated and non-compensated disturbances. Traffic management and target scheduling automation algorithms are examined. The application of decision algorithms is demonstrated in the context of uncertainty, use of disturbance prediction and genetic algorithms for the purpose of train traffic planning automation. The design principles of the algorithms of traffic planning and management are shown that ensure reduced traction energy consumption. The efficiency of centralized intelligent rapid transit management system is demonstrated; the fundamental role of the system in the digitalization of the transport system is noted.Conclusion. The examined design principles and operating algorithms of a centralized intelligent rapid transit management system showed the efficiency of such systems that ensured by the following: increased capacity of the rapid transit system; improved energy efficiency of train traffic planning and management; improved train traffic safety; assurance of operational traffic management during emergencies and major traffic disruptions; improved passenger comfort.
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Sandidzadeh, Mohammad Ali, and Mohammad Reza Alai. "Optimal speed control of a multiple-mass train for minimum energy consumption using ant colony and genetic algorithms." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 3 (August 4, 2016): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715627182.
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Today, rail transport systems are widely used in the world. Because of the high consumption of energy in these systems, finding ways to optimize their energy consumption is important. One of the best ways to save more energy and prevent the losses of rail transportation is using the optimal speed profile. In this article, intelligent algorithms, involving ant colony optimization for continuous domain [Formula: see text] and genetic algorithm, are applied to the energy efficiency problem of electrical trains for various track gradients and curvatures. With proper determination of switching points in the moving strategies such as acceleration, cruising, and coasting, the optimal speed profile for the safe journey of trains will be obtained. For the simulation, real data from rail tracks of Tehran metro have been incorporated.
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Kulczewski, Matias, Andres Wilson, Sebastian Seriani, and Taku Fujiyama. "Factorial Design with Simulation for the Optimization of the Level of Service in the Platform-Train Interface of Metro Stations—A Pilot Study." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 15840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315840.
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Metro stations are considered complex areas of pedestrian mobility due to the increasing congestion, due to the a high level of demand of different circulation spaces. Given this situation and the limited physical spaces remaining to develop transport systems in urban areas, railways acquire greater relevance given the need to mobilize pedestrians. Within the stations, the most problematic area is the platform-train interface (PTI) due to the high number of interactions between passengers boarding and alighting. The objective of this study is to identify the PTI configuration that maximizes the level of service for passengers, safeguards the operational continuity of the system and improves user experience by reducing dissatisfaction and delay times. For this, a pedestrian microsimulation model is used in order to recreate the reality of a generic metro station and its different scenarios given the combinations of two factors: the platform configurations (topology) and the traffic control elements. Subsequently, these scenarios are analyzed through a factorial design, looking for the situation that optimizes the combination of metrics chosen in a weighted way. Finally, it is found that the PTI configuration that maximizes the level of service for users is the mixed station with signaling. It is this which includes the factors with the greatest positive effect on the chosen metrics.
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Guzman, Luis A., Julian Arellana, Victor Cantillo-García, and Juan de Dios Ortúzar. "Revisiting the Benefits of Combining Data of a Different Nature: Strategic Forecasting of New Mode Alternatives." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (July 22, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6672961.
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We revisit the practice of combining revealed (RP) and stated preference (SP) data (i.e., the data enrichment, DE, paradigm) in discrete choice models using secondary data obtained from emerging sources; these facilitate access to massive information about travel choices and can be used to improve transport models. Even though the benefits of the DE paradigm have been known for years, there is a large gap between the state of practice and the state of the art, particularly in Global South countries (but also in many industrialized nations). We use a SP dataset considering two new transport alternatives (train and metro) and a RP dataset based on a large mobility survey in Bogotá, Colombia, complemented with fairly precise level-of-service data obtained using GIS utilities and the Distance Matrix API by Google. Our results allow us to discuss good practice, identify barriers and challenges to the paradigm’s application, and draw recommendations for forecasting the demand for new alternatives using joint RP and SP data.
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Sarker, Rumana Islam, Markus Mailer, and Sujit Kumar Sikder. "Walking to a public transport station." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-07-2017-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the actual walking distance to public transport (PuT) stations and to report passenger perceptions on route choice. Design/methodology/approach A systematic case study has been conducted after administrating a tailor-made paper-based intercept survey in a German city (Munich). It can determine the interrelation between the accessibility of the transit service and evaluation on walking distance acceptance. Statistical analysis and geo-spatial approach were completed for obtaining major findings. Findings Statistical and geo-spatial analysis shows that respondents living in low-density areas walk longer than residents living in nearby inner city areas. In terms of PuT modes, residents walk longer for suburban train and subway/metro (U-Bahn) than for bus/tram services. Transit users accept a longer walking distance to reach a train station than other PuT modes and they choose the most direct and quickest route to reach PuT stations. Research limitations/implications Findings of this study would help to formulate future strategies and standards for the sustainable planning of public transportation systems in the context of Munich and many other cities around the globe with similar conditions. However, future research should be conducted using a large-scale survey for evaluating the comprehensive picture of walking patterns to PuT stations. Accessibility to PuT stations can also be modeled and evaluated by adopting open data and voluntary social media information. Unfortunately, this study only presents a partial evaluation of walking focused on accessibility at selected PuT stations in different settings of the urban fabric. Social implications This empirical study can be considered as an initial finding in the favor of the city transport authority to provide a design scale for improved accessibility of transit users; however, further investigation should be conducted using a large-scale survey for evaluating the comprehensive walking patterns. Originality/value A systematic case study has been conducted after administrating a tailor-made paper-based intercept survey in a German city (Munich). Findings of this study would help to formulate future strategies and standard for the sustainable planning of the public transportation system in the context of Munich and many other cities in the globe with similar conditions.
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Kosovan, Elena A. "THE “EAEU TRAIN” PROJECT AS A TOOL OF THE SYMBOLIC POLICY AND POLITICAL MARKETING: ARTICULATION OF ISSUE." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, no. 2 (2022): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2022-2-46-61.
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Moscow metro trains dedicated to certain themes or persons constitute a unique cultural and historical phenomenon, whose history illustrates a very important, yet not enough studied issue, namely, branding of Russian urban rail transport as part of the state’s promotional campaigns and symbolic policy of the integration organization with the leading role of the Russian Federation. The author acknowledges the need for studying the role played by the themed “EAEU train”, which was launched in December 2019 to commemorate the 5-year anniversary of signing of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (29 May 2014), in the Eurasian Economic Union policy and the Eurasian aspects of the Russian symbolic policy. According to the author, such a project can be considered as a means of optimising the informational interaction between Russian authorities and the society within the Eurasian integration project and as a means of making the latter popular. Reffering to the question on the project performance evaluation, the author stresses the need for the special complex politological, sociological and marketing studies that would help to assess its perception by passengers of the Moscow subway and thus determine the effect of the project on the image of Eurasian Economic Union and Eurasian integration per se.
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Baranov, Leonid A., Valentina G. Sidorenko, and Ludmila N. Loginova. "Passenger fl ows modeling approaches within the framework of the functioning of the Intelligent control system of urban rail transportation systems." Automation on Transport 7, no. 4 (December 2021): 539–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2021-7-4-539-564.
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The emergence of a large number of transport interchange hubs, changes in megalopolis transport system’s confi guration leads to increasing number of passengers and changing in passenger fl ows using rail transport, which aff ects its functioning and requires consideration when creating and organizing 560 Интеллектуальные системы управления Автоматика на транспорте. № 4, том 7, декабрь 2021 the operation of an intelligent control system for urban rail transport systems. The analysis of the experience in the passenger fl ows study will make it possible to create new algorithms for forecasting passenger traffi c using modern technologies of agent-based modelling and technical vision. The article discusses a parking vehicles model, which allows to consider the factors aff ecting the duration of parking: passenger traffi c, platform unoccupied time, the number of passengers carried, the number of wagons in the train. The article develops structural and mathematical models of passenger fl ows of a transport interchange hub, designed to study the dynamics of an intelligent control system for urban rail transport systems. As an example, when constructing a mathematical model, the interaction of passenger fl ows within the Dmitrovskaya transport-interchange hub was considered, in which there is an intersection of passenger fl ows of three urban rail transport systems: a tramway station, Dmitrovskaya station, which is a station of the Riga direction of Moscow railway and a stopping point of the MCD-2 line of the Moscow Central Diameters, the Dmitrovskaya station of the Moscow Metro.
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de Graaff, Thomas, Henri L. F. de Groot, Caroline A. Rodenburg, and Erik T. Verhoef. "The WTP for Facilities at the Amsterdam Zuidas." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 9 (September 2007): 2099–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a39172.
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This paper reports the results of a stated preference study investigating the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of employees at the Amsterdam Zuidas for the presence of nonshopping and shopping facilities. The Amsterdam Zuidas area, surrounding the current train–metro–tram station Amsterdam Zuid World-Trade-Centre, is the largest multifunctional land-use project currently under development in the Netherlands. For nonshopping facilities, the results show that employees have the highest WTP for the presence of day-care centres and public transport facilities, and the lowest for public and recreation facilities. The average WTP for the presence of nonshopping facilities amounts to approximately €29 per month per employee. The WTP for the presence of shopping facilities is estimated at €25 per month per employee on average, and is in absolute value highest for supermarkets and lowest for flowershops and dry cleaners.
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Ding, Xiaobing, Xuechen Yang, Hua Hu, Zhigang Liu, and Hanchuan Pan. "The Optimization of Passengers’ Travel Time under Express-Slow Mode Based on Suburban Line." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7084353.
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The suburban line connects the suburbs and the city centre; it is of huge advantage to attempt the express-slow mode. The passengers’ average travel time is the key factor to reflect the level of rail transport services, especially under the express-slow mode. So it is important to study the passengers’ average travel time under express-slow, which can get benefit on the optimization of operation scheme. First analyze the main factor that affects passengers’ travel time and then mine the dynamic interactive relationship among the factors. Second, a new passengers’ travel time evolution algorithm is proposed after studying the stop schedule and the proportion of express/slow train, and then membrane computing theory algorithm is introduced to solve the model. Finally, Shanghai Metro Line 22 is set as an example to apply the optimization model to calculate the total passengers’ travel time; the result shows that the total average travel time under the express-slow mode can save 1 minute and 38 seconds; the social influence and value of it are very huge. The proposed calculation model is of great help for the decision of stop schedule and provides theoretical and methodological support to determine the proportion of express/slow trains, improves the service level, and enriches and complements the rail transit operation scheme optimization theory system.
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Taki, Herika Muhamad, and Mohamed Mahmoud H. Maatouk. "Spatial Statistical Analysis for Potential Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Jakarta Metropolitan Region." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.01.1091.
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Spatial planning on Transit Oriented Development (TOD) concerns with the integration between land use and transportation aspects. However, in some places, public transport management based on transit nodes such as train services which are not well- integrated, and causing spatial chaos, especially surrounding station areas. It is essential to prepare a public transportation plan by maximizing regional potential capacity with TOD model. The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize potential areas for TOD using spatial statistical analysis with combined models of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Jakarta Metropolitan Regional (JMR), Indonesia. This paper employed two major indicators: main- and sub-indicators depending on relevant references. The weight of each indicator was determined by chosen experts. The result showed that some of the metro areas of Jakarta were highly suitable for TOD and indicated the characteristics of the development of urban areas. This paper’s outcome was useful in order to determine the potential location of TOD and was applicable to other areas within the same geographical conditions.
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Marchuk, Roman, Nazar Marchuk, Volodymyr Sakhno, and Viktor Poliakov. "To determine the stability of the metrobus in unstable driving modes." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 91, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol91.art5.
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Recently in many cities of the world began to introduce so-called «metrobus» or BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) systems, which became a cheaper alternative to the metro and other rail transport, in particular trams. The aim of the work is to determine the stability indicators of the metrobus in the transitional traffic modes, in particular when performing such manoeuvres as «steering wheel jerk» and «shuffle». For this purpose, the equations of metrobus plane-parallel motion are supplemented by equations of the links of the road train in the vertical plane by halopilation (tangage, trim) and roll.The critical straight-line speed of the three-link metrobus has been determined, which was 32,06 m/s, and this speed is independent of the corners of the steering wheels of the bus and the trailer links.It has been shown that as the steering wheel angle of the bus increases, the difference in the folding angles of the bus increases, with the second folding angle significantly exceeding the first, especially considering the roll of the metrobus body. It has been established that the greatest rolls and loads of the metrobus axles are those of the last trailer, which is the limiting factor for the critical speed. The lateral accelerations of individual metrobus links and their yaw velocity when performing the manoeuvre «steering wheel jerk» and «shuffle, Sl = 24 m», show that both the bus and the second trailer link are a limiting factor when performing various manoeuvres, but the acceleration value does not exceed the permissible 0,4g, so its stability under these conditions is ensured.
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Wojtczak, Robert. "Railway transport in Qatar." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2016, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_16_10_02.
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The article presents the railway infrastructure projects carried out currently in Qatar with special attention to the Doha Metro Project. Types of used structures, such as viaducts and tunnels with a closer look at the construction of trackbed are described in more detail. The last past of the article contains key information about the Tram Network project in Lusail and the Long Distance Lines for the passenger and freight trains.
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Lagutina, Nataliya, Alexander Novikov, and Olga Sumarukova. "EVALUATION OF NOISE OF THE MOSCOW METRO." Akustika 32 (March 1, 2019): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika201932216.
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Moscow Metro is a major transport system in Moscow. Moscow Metro ranks sixth in the utilization rate top list, being behind the metro of Beijing, Tokyo, Shanghai, Seoul, Guangzhou, and seventh in the length top list of lines operated. On average, over 7 million passengers use the metro every day; on weekdays, the number of passengers exceeds 9 million – the highest rate in the world. More than 11 thousand trains pass through the 14 lines of metro every day. An acoustic (noise) impact has a systemic effect on the human body. Primarily, it suppresses the central nervous system, diminishes hearing dramatically, and provoke a number of occupational diseases. This paper presents historical aspects of the Moscow Metro formation, prerequisites for the long-term development program. The noise effect of the 30s of the last century and the modern state are compared. Such kind of study is quite important and will promote designing of the new “low-noise” cars in the future.
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Pokusaev, O. N., M. L. Ovsyannikov, and A. G. Shaklein. "EVALUATION OF PASSENGER SATISFACTION WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-3-15.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT Based on existing domestic and European standards of quality assessment, the article justifies the approaches to improving the work of public transport. The authors’ method of analyzing factors, which affect the characteristics of the transport service of the population and the satisfaction of passengers with the services of suburban electric trains and the metro, is demonstrated. The data of the conducted surveys allow to argue a step-by-step scheme of improvement of the expected quality in the quality system, which is achieved through conscious quality, and that in turn is regulated by realized quality. The level of the latter is determined by the impact on operational and infrastructural factors. Keywords: public transport, suburban electric trains, underground, quality of service, passenger satisfaction.