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Journal articles on the topic 'METRO TRAIN SYSTEM'
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1
Jiang, Jiqing, Beibei Dong, Zhi Ding, Gang Wei, He Zhang, and Juan Liao. "Dynamic Analysis of Metro Train-Monolithic Bed Track System under Tunnel Differential Settlement." Shock and Vibration 2020 (June 4, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5632180.
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The metro tunnel lines built in a soft soil area may suffer from tunnel differential settlement due to the high compressibility of soft soil, the engineering constructions nearby tunnel lines, and the cyclic load of metro trains. In this paper, a dynamic coupling model for a metro train-monolithic bed track system under tunnel differential settlement is established. A cosine function is introduced to simulate a real settlement curve measured from a metro tunnel in southern China, and the vibration performance of the train-track system under tunnel settlements is investigated in both the time domain and frequency domain. Based on the standards for the train safety and passengers’ comfort, the speed limit for the metro train traveling on a monolithic bed track with different settlement distributions are concluded. The present research could be useful for the operation and maintenance of metro tunnels in soft soil areas.
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Baranov, L. A. "AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF METRO TRAINS." World of Transport and Transportation 16, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2018-16-3-14.
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For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The experience of development of domestic automatic traffic control systems for metro trains is analyzed, taking into account high intensity and low redundancy of the line capacity necessary to compensate for disturbances. A brief overview of development of an automated control system is given; the dynamics of changes in the systems of automatic train operation is shown. The analysis of the transformation of algorithms for centralized control of metro trains, the features of time-travel controllers, the requirements for construction of technical means for determining the distance traveled and the speed regime are given. Keywords: metro, automatic traffic control system, dynamics of development, safety, automatic train operation, time-travel controllers, algorithms.
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Liao, Jinlin, Feng Zhang, Shiwen Zhang, and Cheng Gong. "A Real-Time Train Timetable Rescheduling Method Based on Deep Learning for Metro Systems Energy Optimization under Random Disturbances." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (December 12, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8882554.
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Considering that uncertain dwell disturbances often occur at metro stations, researchers have proposed many methods for solving the train timetable rescheduling (TTR) problem. This paper proposes a Modified Genetic Algorithm-Gate Recurrent Unit (MGA-GRU) method, which is a real-time TTR method based on deep learning. The proposed method takes the Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) network as the decision network and uses the results produced by the Modified Genetic Algorithm (MGA) as the training set of the decision network. A well-trained decision network can provide effective solutions in real time after random disturbances occur, in order to optimize the net traction energy consumption of trains in metro systems. Based on the Shanghai Metro Line One (SML1) pilot network, this paper establishes a comprehensive model of the metro system as a training and testing environment to verify the energy-saving effect and real-time performance of the proposed method in solving the TTR problem. The experimental results show that in the two-train metro system, the three-train metro system, and the five-train metro system, the MGA-GRU method can save an average of energy by 4.45%, 6.16%, and 7.19%, while the average decision time is only 0.15 s, 0.27 s, and 0.33 s, respectively.
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Averchenkov, E. O., L. A. Baranov, and M. A. Shevchenko. "Functional structure of the subway train traffic control system complex." Automation on Transport 7, no. 3 (September 2021): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2021-7-3-343-361.
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The main architectural aspects of metro train traffic control systems are presented. The structure of train traffic control processes is presented with the example of the State Unitary Enterprise “Moscow Metro” and the main tasks that need to be solved to achieve high levels of automation of train traffic control in subways are described. A functional structure of a complex of metro train traffic control systems is presented, covering the levels of organization and planning of train traffic, operational traffic control and direct executive systems. The relationship between objects of automation and remote control of train movement, devices of the operational level and systems of organization and planning of movement are shown. The necessity of re-equipping the metro with means of ensuring transport safety and linking them with traffic control systems such as: means of informing passengers, providing the possibility of promptly informing passengers both during normal operation of the transport system and in case of emergency situations, means of communication “passenger – control center (situation center)” is shown. The latter ensures interaction between passengers and operational personnel of the subway, and if necessary, video surveillance equipment that provides enhanced remote control of the current situation in the interior of rolling stock cars and on platforms. The use of complex systems for controlling the movement of trains in subways increases the efficiency of their use by increasing the throughput and carrying capacity, accurate fulfillment of the traffic schedule and the possibility of its rapid recovery in case of failures. At the same time, traffic safety increases by reducing the likelihood of dangerous train convergence , and also the energy consumption for train traction is reduced due to the choice of energy-optimal train control modes and the optimal distribution of travel time along the line by the criterion of minimum energy consumption for the duration of travel along the tracks
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He, Xuhui, Kehui Yu, Chenzhi Cai, Yunfeng Zou, and Xiaojie Zhu. "Dynamic Responses of a Metro Train-Bridge System under Train-Braking: Field Measurements and Data Analysis." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030735.
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This paper focuses on the dynamic responses of a metro train–bridge system under train-braking. Experiments were performed on the elevated Metro Line 21 of Guangzhou (China). A continuous, three-span, rigid-frame bridge (42 m + 65 m + 42 m) and a standard B-type metro train were selected. The acceleration signals were measured at the center-points of the main span and one side-span, and the acceleration signals of the car body and the bogie frame were measured simultaneously. The train–bridge system’s vibration characteristics and any correlations with time and frequency were investigated. The Choi–Williams distribution method and wavelet coherence were introduced to analyze the obtained acceleration signals of the metro train–bridge system. The results showed that the Choi–Williams distribution provided a more explicit understanding of the time–frequency domain. The correlations between different parts of the bridge and the train–bridge system under braking conditions were revealed. The present study provides a series of measured dynamic responses of the metro train–bridge system under train-braking, which could be used as a reference in further investigations.
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Ananthakumar, C., D. Edison Selvaraj, and E. Krishnamoorthy. "Metro Train Safety and Ticket Checking System." International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications 8, no. 3 (February 21, 2019): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea0803.1001.
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Hu, Shangmao, Yongcong Wu, Hai Qian, Gang Liu, Yi Zhang, and Feng Yang. "Study on Characteristics of Electromagnetic Interference Caused by Metro Train Movement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2527, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2527/1/012034.
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Abstract With the rapid development of the urban power grid and metro system, their mutual influence has become more and more serious. The dc magnetic bias of the transformer caused by the metro becomes the main research direction. In this paper, the characteristics of dynamic electromagnetic coupling between metro trains and transmission lines are studied. First, the motion equation of the metro is written out according to the running law of the train, and three coupling relations are given according to the position of the train. The calculation method of dynamic induced voltage is deduced. Then the influence of parallel length and distance between the metro and transmission line on induced voltage is studied. The dynamic induction voltage increases first and then decreases with the increase of the parallel length of the metro and transmission line and decreases with the increase of the distance between them. It is proposed that the electromagnetic coupling of a single train has limited influence on the dc magnetic bias of transmission lines, but the influence of dynamic electromagnetic coupling cannot be ignored when multiple trains are running simultaneously.
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Markevich, A. V., and V. G. Sidorenko. "An intelligent system for constructing metro train driver working schedules." Dependability 23, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2023-23-3-63-72.
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Aim. The paper aims to tests and analyse the results of application of an intelligent system for constructing metro train driver working schedules that is intended for automatically improving the efficiency of utilisation of the working time of metro train drivers. In this case, depending on the task at hand and the chosen criterion, efficiency is understood as a reduction of the number of drivers involved in the implementation of the specified standard train schedule, improved uniformity of alternation of driver work and rest periods, as well as reduction of the duration of down time within work shifts.Methods. The study presented in the paper uses the graph theory, recursive and heuristic algorithms.Results. The authors have developed recursive algorithms for preparing work schedules for main metro train drivers and substitute drivers that operate during main drivers’ lunch breaks. The developed algorithms are used in the intelligent system for metro train driver work schedule planning. The algorithm for generating main driver work schedule includes driver allocation to a number of work lines preliminarily defined based on the rolling stock operation schedule for the purpose of ensuring traffic according to the planned metro train schedule. The algorithm for generating substitute driver work schedule involves substitute driver work time planning based on the possibility of arranging lunch breaks for main drivers.Conclusion. The paper presents the results of a trial of the developed intelligent system for train driver work planning for the Moscow Metro using the example of the Zamoskvoretskoye Depot of the Zamoskvoretskaya Line, the Vykhino Depot of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line, as well as the results of the system’s adaptation to the Moscow Central Circle. It also presents a comparative analysis of driver work schedules, i.e., the actual one and one obtained using the developed intelligent system. The application of the developed system may enable as much as a 28% improvement of the efficiency of metro train drivers’ work hour use.
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Dong, Xing Jian, Sheng Xian Zhuang, and Ai Ping Liu. "Implementation and Experiment Verification of a Metro Power Traction Simulator System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2701.
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A metro power traction simulator system is designed and implemented. Designation method of the flywheels which simulate the metro vehicle moment inertia is given. A train runtime diagnosis system is completed by adopting MVB protocol. The dynamic simulation of metro power traction system is realized under the control of train runtime diagnosis system. The feasibility and utility are proved by the experiment results.
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Amit, Kumar, Singh Ankit, Pandey Adity, and Srivastava Mansi. "Monitoring of driverless metro train using arduino UNO." i-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation and Control Engineering 10, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jic.10.1.18683.
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The world is advancing every day in terms of technology, making lives easier. The world is progressing with the modernization of technology exponentially. Each technology is gradually becoming automated, as technology used in transport. Transport is an absolute necessity for people. Thus, in the field of transport, there is also a constant improvement. Previously, trains were operated manually with the help of a driver. The problems encountered with the use of manually operated metro trains were inefficient in terms of the characteristics, such as speed, delay, etc. In addition, a single mistake made by the driver can lead to serious consequences. The main problem is that a manually operated metro train is out of control over time, which negatively affects the railway network management system. To solve this problem, the need for drivers is being eliminated by the concept of driverless metro trains. The advantages of an automated metro system are that the safety of passengers is under control, and the energy consumption is reduced, which improves its operation.
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Guo, Tong, Zhiliang Cao, Zhiqiang Zhang, and Aiqun Li. "Numerical simulation of floor vibrations of a metro depot under moving subway trains." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 18 (August 9, 2017): 4353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317724322.
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With the development of subway lines in urban areas, building structures are sometimes subjected to train-induced vibrations, and there is a need to develop prediction models to evaluate the vibration serviceability. In this paper, a new type of subway-depot system is investigated, where subway trains run through the top story of a 3-story metro depot, while the first two stories were developed for offices and shops to avoid the waste of large city areas. Considering the increasing use of such a structural system and the possible serviceability problems, the floor vibrations of a metro depot under moving subway trains were numerically simulated, where the train-track system was treated as the vibration source and studied separately, and the influence of train speed and fastener configuration on the vibration response was discussed. The metro depot was modeled taking the stiffness of the partition walls into account, and vibration responses of the building at different locations were compared and validated through field tests. Besides, vibration level of the second floor was evaluated using an acceleration index that considers frequency weighting. Finally, parameter analysis was carried out so as to provide some references to the vibration control.
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Suo, Qi, Liyuan Wang, Tianzi Yao, and Zihao Wang. "Promoting Metro Operation Safety by Exploring Metro Operation Accident Network." Journal of Systems Science and Information 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-455-14.
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Abstract Understanding the causation of accidents is essential to promote metro operation safety. In terms of 243 reported metro operation accident cases in China, a directed weighted network was constructed based on complex network theory, where nodes and directed edges denotes factors and event chains respectively. To reveal the key causal factors, the topological characteristics of metro operation accident network (MOAN) were analyzed from both global and local views. The results show that facility-type factors are more closely related to the occurrence of the accidents from the perspectives of average path length and cascading effects. Accident types like train delay and train suspension are the great risk recipients. Key causal factors with large out-degree, out-strength, betweenness centrality and cluster coefficient, such as communication and signal failure, vehicle failure and piling into the train should be noticed. The research framework proposed in the paper is not only applicable to China’s metro operation system, but also appropriate for other transportation system safety studies.
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Dhote, Rahul, and Dinesh Rojatkar. "Real Time GPS for Railway Automation System." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 1 (2017): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.511713.
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The concept of the paper idea is to automate the railways system. We are using the idea of Global Position system(GPS) for tracking every trains and a proposed system by which every trains are personally monitored and passing necessary messages to the individual trains .The train with the GPS Module and GSM module on board. This would enable passenger can simply query the location of a train via SMS from his mobile phone but will also enable us to provide real time train tracking system. It is developed with a goal to reduce the waiting time of the passenger. The train units will response to the user mobile with the GPS coordinates of the present location of trains. There is a base station where the train movement will be displayed on a screen. The motivation for the paper came from due to the lack of control over railways in India as we hardly get to know the exact position of the train while standing at the station. Method of Metro implements modern techniques to control the railways motivate us to design a system for the complete railway system.
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Aqib, Muhammad, Rashid Mehmood, Ahmed Alzahrani, Iyad Katib, Aiiad Albeshri, and Saleh M. Altowaijri. "Rapid Transit Systems: Smarter Urban Planning Using Big Data, In-Memory Computing, Deep Learning, and GPUs." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 2736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102736.
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Rapid transit systems or metros are a popular choice for high-capacity public transport in urban areas due to several advantages including safety, dependability, speed, cost, and lower risk of accidents. Existing studies on metros have not considered appropriate holistic urban transport models and integrated use of cutting-edge technologies. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach toward large-scale and faster prediction of metro system characteristics by employing the integration of four leading-edge technologies: big data, deep learning, in-memory computing, and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Using London Metro as a case study, and the Rolling Origin and Destination Survey (RODS) (real) dataset, we predict the number of passengers for six time intervals (a) using various access transport modes to reach the train stations (buses, walking, etc.); (b) using various egress modes to travel from the metro station to their next points of interest (PoIs); (c) traveling between different origin-destination (OD) pairs of stations; and (d) against the distance between the OD stations. The prediction allows better spatiotemporal planning of the whole urban transport system, including the metro subsystem, and its various access and egress modes. The paper contributes novel deep learning models, algorithms, implementation, analytics methodology, and software tool for analysis of metro systems.
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Li, Wei, Qin Luo, Samwel Zephaniah, and Zhaoran Liu. "Evaluating the Dynamic Accessibility of Metro Systems in Overcrowded Conditions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (August 20, 2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120941845.
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Metro accessibility is a concept used to describe the dynamic accessibility index of metro transportation systems. Most studies on accessibility apply a static approach, which overlooks the index fluctuations throughout the day. While it is possible to represent the accessibility using a single index, the ability to capture the dynamic nature of the index is important in understanding the quality of a transportation service and identify actionable aspects for improvement. For example, when the metro system is overcrowded and passengers fail to board the next arriving train, they instead wait for the subsequent train. As a result, the accessibility of the system is deemed to be lower than when its condition is uncrowded. This paper analyzes and integrates two aspects of metro accessibility: the performance of metro networks; and the dynamics of train schedules. An evaluation model in the form of a gravity model is proposed to measure the accessibility between each pair of stations with the dynamic travel time. This allows us to obtain profiles that highlight the daily variations in accessibility in the metro network and to identify the influence of congestion among stations. The effectiveness of the proposed evaluation model is validated using the metro network of Shenzhen in China. Results show that the proposed methodology provides useful information for passengers and travel guides as well as technical reference for the metro operation guidelines that are used to compile train schedules.
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Li, Wei, Qin Luo, Qing Cai, and Xiongfei Zhang. "Using Smart Card Data Trimmed by Train Schedule to Analyze Metro Passenger Route Choice with Synchronous Clustering." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (July 24, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2710608.
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The metro passenger route choice, influenced by both train schedule and time constraints, is important to metro operation and management. Smart card data (Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) data in metro system) including inbound and outbound swiping time are useful for analysis of the characteristics of passengers’ route choices in metro while they could not reflect the property of train schedule directly. Train schedule is used in this paper to trim smart card data through removing inbound and outbound walking time to/from platforms and waiting time. Thus, passengers’ pure travel time in accord with trains’ arrival and departure can be obtained. Synchronous clustering (SynC) algorithm is then applied to analyze these processed data to calculate passenger route choice probability. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Results showed the proposed algorithm works well to analyze metro passenger route choice. It was shown that passenger route choice during both peak period and flat period could be clustered automatically, and noise data are isolated. The probability of route choice calculated through SynC algorithm can be used to revise traditional model results.
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Lu, Kai, and Nan Cao. "Passenger Behavior Simulation in Congested Urban Rail Transit System: A Capacity-Limited Optimal Strategy Model for Passenger Assignment." Complexity 2022 (January 6, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5975866.
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Optimal strategy, one of the main transit assignment models, can better demonstrate the flexibility for passengers using routes in a transit network. According to the basic optimal strategy model, passengers can board trains based on their frequency without any capacity limitation. In the metropolitan cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong, morning commuters face huge transit problems. Especially for the metro system, there is heavy rush in metro stations. Owing to the limited train capacity, some passengers cannot board the first coming train and need to wait for the next one. To better demonstrate the behavior of passengers pertaining to the limited train capacity, we consider capacity constraints for the basic optimal strategy model to represent the real situation. We have proposed a simulation-based algorithm to solve the model and apply it to the Beijing Subway to demonstrate the feasibility of the model. The application of the proposed approach has been demonstrated using the computational results for transit networks originating from practice.
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Luo, Xiaolin, Tao Tang, Hongjie Liu, Lei Zhang, and Kaicheng Li. "An Adaptive Model Predictive Control System for Virtual Coupling in Metros." Actuators 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10080178.
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Virtual coupling (VC) is an emerging concept and hot research topic in railways, especially for metro systems. Several unit trains in VC drive with a desired minimum distance, and they, as a whole, are regarded as a single train. In this work, a distributed adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) system is proposed to coordinate the driving of each unit train in VC. To obtain the accurate parameters of train dynamics model in a time varying environment, an estimator of the train dynamics model is designed for each AMPC controller. A variable step descent algorithm along the negative gradient direction is adopted for each estimator, which steers the estimated values of the parameters to real ones. Simulations are conducted and the results are compared with both nominal model predictive control system and AMPC system with fixed steps in the literature. Our proposed AMPC system with variable step (AMPCVS) has better performances than other two systems. Results indicate that there is an improvement of the proposed AMPC system with variable steps system when compared with other two existed systems. A running process of VC in a whole inter-station is also simulated here. Experimental results show that the trains track the desired objective well.
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Long, Sihui, Lingyun Meng, Xiaojie Luan, Alessio Trivella, Jianrui Miao, and Francesco Corman. "A Stochastic Programming Approach for Scheduling Extra Metro Trains to Serve Passengers from Uncertain Delayed High-Speed Railway Trains." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (November 16, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8894174.
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The metro system is an important component of the urban transportation system due to the large volume of transported passengers. Hub stations connecting metro and high-speed railway (HSR) networks are particularly critical in this system. When HSR trains are delayed due to a disruption on the HSR network, passengers of these trains arriving at the hub station at night may fail to get their last metro connection. The metro operator can thus decide to schedule extra metro trains at night to serve passengers from delayed HSR trains. In this paper, we consider the extra metro train scheduling problem in which the metro operator decides how many extra metro trains to dispatch and their schedules. The problem is complex because (i) the arrival of delayed HSR trains is usually uncertain, and (ii) the operator has to minimize operating costs (i.e., number of additional trains and operation-ending time) but maximize the number of served passengers, which are two conflicting objectives. In other words, the problem we consider is stochastic and biobjective. We formulate this problem as a two-stage stochastic program with recourse and use an epsilon-constrained method to find a set of nondominated solutions. We perform extensive numerical experiments using realistic instances based on the Beijing metro network and two HSR lines connected to this network. We find that our stochastic model outperforms out-of-sample a deterministic model that relies on forecasts of the delay by a range of 3–5%. Moreover, we show that our solutions are nearly optimal by computing a perfect information dual bound and obtaining average optimality gaps below 1%.
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Baranov,, L. A., A. I. Safronov, and V. G. Sidorenko. "Train traffic planning in intelligent transportation systems." Dependability 22, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2022-22-3-35-43.
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Aim. To suggest a new method of energy-efficient traffic planning for subways. Traffic planning is understood as passenger train scheduling in compliance with all the applicable requirements and restrictions involving hourly performance in terms of the specified number of handled train pairs, efficient use of the theoretical and practical capacity of a given subway line, safety of vehicle traffic ensured by timely technical diagnostics of the rolling stock in the form of scheduled repairs and inspections in depots and/or lineside technical inspection stations, passenger comfort expressed in the uniformity of train delivery to stations, which, in turn, ensures the redistribution of passenger flows at stations and prevents congestion on platforms. Methods. The paper uses methods of automated construction of target metro train schedules that are based on the criteria of train spacing uniformity, as well as uniformity of rolling stock distribution in the process of transition planning, with subsequent redistribution of delay times defined by the automation algorithm over the station-to-station travel times. The method of uniform travel times is based on minimizing the sum of square deviations of departure times for all stations and all trains. The method of vehicle uniformity within transition processes is based on the application of the Euclidean integer division algorithm. When preparing the paper, the authors took into account the fact that metro lines feature systems of various levels of automation regulated by the IEC 62290-1-2014 international standard. Attention was paid not only to transportation systems with high degrees of automation (classified as GoA3 and GoA4 in the standards), but those with low automation (classified as GoA0, GoA1 and GoA2) as well. Results. The method proposed in the paper clearly shows reduced power consumption associated with train traction that is proportional to the durations of delayed departures defined by the automation algorithms of the intelligent automated system for target metro train schedule construction. Conclusions. The presented approach clearly indicates a direct correlation between the energy efficiency of a train schedule and the uniformity of distribution of control actions that adjust train spacing and the durations of the adopted delays, defines the sequences of added/removed units of rolling stock within transition processes, as well as rational night-time train allocation. The materials presented in the paper extend the available knowledge in the field of automation of metro train traffic planning, thus enabling further improvement of the methods of intelligent transportation system design that take into account the deployed highly automated train driving systems (GoA3 and GoA4).
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Li, Guozheng, Nanlin Tan, and Shanshi Wang. "Design and development of metro train fault diagnosis system." JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENT 26, no. 10 (February 18, 2013): 904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1187.2012.00904.
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Chai, Hetian, Xiaopeng Tian, and Huimin Niu. "First-Train Timetable Synchronization in Metro Networks under Origin-Destination Demand Conditions." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (June 3, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8579354.
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This paper focuses on how to synchronize network-wide timetables of first trains in an urban metro system, in which the train-connection-based route can be exactly determined for each first-train-attached origin-destination (OD) demand pair. With the help of even headway scheduling on each line, the problem is actually to adjust the departure times of first trains and connecting trains from their origin stations and the departure interval on each line. Subjected to train operation and connection constraints, a biobjective nonlinear integer programming model is formulated to minimize the total travel time of OD-dependent passenger demands and the deviation between the known and expected schedules. Then, the Nondominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is adopted to solve the proposed model, and an improved technique is elaborated to reduce the alternative route choices. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and availability of the proposed model and methods.
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Girish Kumar, M., Prakash Vinod, and P. V. Shashikumar. "A Comparative Study on Road Traffic and Metro Train Induced Ground Vibration at CMTI for Establishment of Nano Technology Facilities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1991.
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Nanotechnology offers enormous potential for discovering new fundamental science, for creating new materials with unique and important properties, and for developing new technology. Nanotechnology deals with particles and system with dimensions of approximately 1 to 100 nanometers. Some aspects of nanomanufacturing technology facilities like nanofabrication, nanometrology requires extremely stable environment with very stringent limits of ground vibration. The ground vibrations induced due to road and rail traffic can affect the nanotechnology research activities, due to disturbances caused by the road and rail traffic induced ground vibrations on the nanotechnology processes and the measurements. The paper presents the study of road traffic and metro train induced ground vibration for establishment of nanomanufacturing technology facilities at CMTI. The road traffic and the metro train induced ground vibration were monitored inside the CMTI campus at surface level to identify the magnitude of ground vibration. The road traffic and the metro train induced ground vibrations are compared in comparison with the CMTI Nanotechnology Lab specifications. The metro train induced ground vibration levels are more in comparison to the road traffic induced ground vibration. The metro train induced ground vibration level exceeds the CMTI Nanotechnology Laboratory ground vibration specifications.
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Wang, Jibao, and Hailin Jiang. "Location-Based LTE-M Uplink Power Control and Radio Resource Scheduling." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041474.
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Long-Term Evolution for Metro (LTE-M) is adopted as the data communication system in urban rail transit to exchange bio-direction train-wayside information. Reliable data communication is essential in LTE-M systems for ensuring trains’ operation safety and efficiency. However, the inter-cell inference problem exists in LTE results in throughput reduction, especially when trains are in the edge area of adjacent cells, and has negative effects on train operation. The uplink power control and radio resource scheduling scheme is studied in LTE-M system which differentiates from public cellular networks in user numbers and the availability of the trains’ locations. Since the locations of the trains are available, the interferences from the neighbouring cells can be calculated, and a location based algorithm together with soft frequency reuse is designed. In addition, a proportional fair algorithm is taken to improve uplink radio resource scheduling considering the fairness to different train-wayside communication service requirements. Through simulation, the practicability of the proposed schemes in communication system of urban rail transit is verified in aspects of radio power control and data communication throughput.
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Veselov, P. A. "REGENERATIVE BRAKING ENERGY: TO STORE OR TO EXCHANGE?" World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 5 (October 28, 2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-5-7.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT This article reviews methods of using the energy of regenerative braking in metro, offers an analysis of surplus energy in inter-train exchange, and presents the results of simulation modeling. Priority focus is given to correlations between various forms of surplus energy, and to the conditions under which inter-train exchange of energy or energy storage devices can have comparative advantages over each other. Keywords: regenerative braking, metro system, energy storage system, inter-train exchange.
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Larpruenrudee, Puchanee, Nic C. Surawski, and Mohammad S. Islam. "The Effect of Metro Construction on the Air Quality in the Railway Transport System of Sydney, Australia." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2022): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050759.
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Sydney Metro is the biggest project of Australia’s public transport, which was designed to provide passengers with more trains and faster services. This project was first implemented in 2017 and is planned to be completed in 2024. As presented, the project is currently in the construction stage located on the ground stations of the Sydney Trains Bankstown line (T3). Based on this stage, several construction activities will generate air pollutants, which will affect the air quality around construction areas. Moreover, it might cause health problems to people around there and also the passengers who usually take the train on the T3 line. However, there is no specific data for air quality inside the train that may be affected by the construction from each area. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the air quality inside the train carriage of all related stations from the T3 line. A sampling campaign was conducted over 3 months to analyze particulate matter (PM) concentration, the main indoor pollutants including formaldehyde (HCHO) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The results of the T3 line were analyzed and compared to Airport & South line (T8) that were not affected by the project’s construction. The results of this study indicate that Sydney Metro construction activities insignificantly affected the air quality inside the train. Average PM2.5 and PM10 inside the train of T3 line in the daytime were slightly higher than in the nighttime. The differences in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from these periods were around 6.8 μg/m3 and 12.1 μg/m3, respectively. The PM concentrations inside the train from the T3 line were slightly higher than the T8 line. However, these concentrations were still lower than those recommended by the national air quality standards. For HCHO and TVOC, the average HCHO and TVOC concentrations were less than the recommendation criteria.
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Zhao, Pengyu, Xiaoyong Wang, Kai Zhang, Yanliang Jin, and Guoxin Zheng. "Doppler Modeling and Simulation of Train-to-Train Communication in Metro Tunnel Environment." Sensors 22, no. 11 (June 4, 2022): 4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114289.
Full textAbstract:
The communication system of urban rail transit is gradually changing from train-to-ground (T2G) to train-to-train (T2T) communication. The subway can travel at speeds of up to 200 km/h in the tunnel environment, and communication between trains can be conducted via millimeter waves with minimum latency. A precise channel model is required to test the reliability of T2T communication over a non-line-of-sight (NLoS) Doppler channel in a tunnel scenario. In this paper, the description of the ray angle for a T2T communication terminal is established, and the mapping relationship of the multipath signals from the transmitter to the receiver is established. The channel parameters including the angle, amplitude, and mapping matrix from the transmitter to the receiver are obtained by the ray-tracing method. In addition, the channel model for the T2T communication system with multipath propagations is constructed. The Doppler spread simulation results in this paper are consistent with the RT simulation results. A channel physics modelling approach using an IQ vector phase shifter to achieve Doppler spread in the RF domain is proposed when paired with the Doppler spread model.
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Yang, Jun, Yinghao Tang, Tan Ye, Xiao Han, and Mengjie Gong. "Optimization of Metro Trains Operation Plans Based on Passenger Flow Data Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7494127.
Full textAbstract:
Metro intelligent system produces massive passenger flow and traffic data every day, among which route, station, and operation data are important for optimizing the train operation scheme. We collect passenger flow information of Shenzhen metro, analyze the passenger flow pattern and its distribution characteristics based on the data warehouse of the Hadoop platform, and optimize the train operation scheme in this paper. Using dynamic passenger flow data, an optimization model with train departure and dwell time as decision variables and passenger waiting time, passenger ride time, train full load ratio, and train operation balance as objectives is developed. An improved parallel genetic algorithm (GA) incorporating a simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) and an optimal individual retention strategy is used to find the optimal result. To verify the usefulness of the method, simulation experiments are conducted on the optimization model and method using the real passenger flow and train operation data of Shenzhen metro, and the simulation results are compared with the original plan.
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Cai, Chao. "Research on Methods for Urban Rail Transit Train Operation Regulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.820.
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Train operation regulation is the key technology to ensure the orderly operation of trains, its value has been fully realized under the background of rapid construction and high traffic density in urban rail transit. This paper did a deep analysis on different strategies and methods for urban rail transit train operation regulation and the applications of these strategies and methods in different conditions. Furthermore, an automatic train operation regulation mathematical model was established. Then developed a software system in Visual C++ and used it to analysis and test the model by data of a real metro line, the result showed that both the model and the system were available.
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Zhao, Bobo, Tao Tang, Bin Ning, and Wei Zheng. "Hybrid Decision-making Method for Emergency Response System of Unattended Train Operation Metro." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 28, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v28i2.1760.
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Suitable selection of the emergency alternatives is a critical issue in emergency response system of Unattended Train Operation (UTO) metro system of China. However, there is no available method for dispatcher group in Operating Control Center (OCC) to evaluate the decision under emergency situation. It was found that the emergency decision making in UTO metro system is relative with the preferences and the importance of multi-dispatcher in emergency. Regarding these factors, this paper presents a hybrid method to determinate the priority weights of emergency alternatives, which aggregates the preference matrix by constructing the emergency response task model based on the Weighted Ordered Weighted Averaging (WOWA) operator. This calculation approach derives the importance weights depending on the dispatcher emergency tasks and integrates it into the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator weights based on a fuzzy membership relation. A case from train fire is given to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed methods for Group Multi-Criteria Decision Making (GMCDM) in emergency management of UTO metro system. The innovation of this research is paving the way for a systematic emergency decision-making solution which connects the automatic metro emergency response system with the GMCDM theory.
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He, Chao Ming, Huan Li, Guo Sheng Fei, and Qiang Wang. "Strategic Study on Metro Train Comfortableness Based Operation." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2014.
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Reliving the stress of the urban public transport, the metro system is greatly superior to other transport methods on the load, energy consumption, mean drive speed, arrival on time and comfortableness. The passengers comfortable is the important part for developing the train operation strategies. For optimization of the energy, time saving and the passengers comfortableness during operation of the train, the proper objective function is designed. The train operation strategy for meeting the inter-stop passengers comfortableness at the curves was developed and the energy and time savings of the section were combined, and the optimization operation plan for the whole line was designed, to better meet the metro train operation.
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Hu, Jiexin, Liyang Xie, Haiyang Yu, Longxi Liu, and Weiguang Sun. "Fatigue Reliability Assessment of a Metro-Train Bolster." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 26, no. 04 (June 2, 2019): 1950020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539319500207.
Full textAbstract:
The bolster is a key structure for the metro train. To evaluate its fatigue reliability under the fatigue loading scheme, the full-scale fatigue test and theoretical calculation are performed. The bolster is modeled as a series system of stress concentration zones, namely weak points, and their stresses are calculated using validated finite element method (FEM). Since no fatigue crack is observed after the test and the fatigue life predicted by the Goodman diagram is more than [Formula: see text] load cycles, the bolster can service for more than 30 years with 90% reliability. To learn more about its fatigue reliability during the real service, a fatigue reliability model is established based on stress-life interference model. 10 load spectra are generated by Poisson processes, and the bolster is also modelled as a series system of six weak points. As a result, its cumulative failure probability is less than 0.002% within its 30-year service under normal atmospheric conditions.
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Alnuman, Hammad, Daniel Gladwin, and Martin Foster. "Electrical Modelling of a DC Railway System with Multiple Trains." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113211.
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Electrical modelling of rail tracks with multiple running trains is complex due to the difficulties in solving the power flow. The train positions, speed and acceleration are constantly varying resulting in a nonlinear system. In this work, a method is proposed for modelling DC electric railways to support power flow analysis of a simulated metro train service. The method exploits the MathWorks simulation tool Simscape, using it to model the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the rail track system. The model can be simulated to provide voltages at any position in the track and additionally, the voltages seen by any train. The model includes regenerative braking on trains, this is demonstrated to cause overvoltage in the feeding line if it is higher than the power demand of the other trains at that time. Braking resistors are used to protect the network from overvoltage by burning the excess energy. Through the implementation of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), it will be possible to improve the energy efficiency and remove timetabling restrictions of electric railways by effectively controlling the rail track voltage. The paper proposes several methods to validate the model.
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Shang, Fei, Jingyuan Zhan, and Yangzhou Chen. "An Online Energy-Saving Driving Strategy for Metro Train Operation Based on the Model Predictive Control of Switched-Mode Dynamical Systems." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 4933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184933.
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With the rapid development of urban rail transit systems and the consequent sharp increase of energy consumption, the energy-saving train operation problem has been attracting much attention. Extensive studies have been devoted to optimal control of a single metro train in an inter-station run to minimize the energy consumption. However, most of the existing work focuses on offline optimization of the energy-saving driving strategy, which still needs to be tracked in real train operation. In order to attain better performance in the presence of disturbances, this paper studies the online optimization problem of the energy-saving driving strategy for a single metro train, by employing the model predictive control (MPC) approach. Firstly, a switched-mode dynamical system model is introduced to describe the dynamics of a metro train. Based on this model, an MPC-based online optimization problem is formulated for obtaining the optimal mode switching times with minimal energy consumption for a single train in an inter-station run. Then we propose an algorithm to solve the constrained optimization problem at each time step by utilizing the exterior point penalty function method. The proposed online optimal train control algorithm which determines the mode switching times can not only improve the computational efficiency but also enhances the robustness to disturbances in real scenarios. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of this online optimal train control algorithm are illustrated through case studies of a single train in an inter-station run.
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Sidorenko, Valentina, Lyudmila Loginova, and Anton Safronov. "Development of Information Support for Intelligent Control of Urban Rail Transport Systems." Transport automation research 9, no. 2 (June 13, 2023): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2023-9-02-178-192.
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The article discusses generalized approaches used in designing information support for intelligent transportation systems, based on the example of a train dispatcher simulator and an automated system for building schedules of passenger trains movement in the Moscow Metro as interrelated systems within a unified technological process of organizing the movement of rolling stock along the lines of the Moscow metro, Moscow Central Circle, Moscow Central Diameters, and the city’s tram network. The article analyzes the existing systems developed by the team of the “Management and Protection of Information” department at the Russian University of Transport (MIIT) for the State Unitary Enterprise “Moscow Metro”, an integral part of which are information systems. Common properties of the systems are identified for information support, and a classification of tables serving as the basis for implementing urban rail transport management systems is proposed. The article lists the properties that the designed information support of the intelligent transport system must possess, and proposes a methodology for its construction. The article presents the structures and functional features of information systems used for building an intelligent transportation system, including the content of databases that serve as a link between the upper interface and lower technical levels. The selection of the database management system is also justified.
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Koc, Gencer, Cuneyt Sert, and Kahraman Albayrak. "Use of artificial neural networks for the prediction of time-dependent air speed variation in metro stations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 8 (March 26, 2018): 2186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718765053.
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In this study, the time-dependent, induced air speeds at critical sections of underground metro stations are assessed using a novel one-dimensional data-driven approach. For this purpose, three artificial neural networks are used, each trained for the most basic configuration of a single train moving in a single tunnel. The first two are trained to provide the maximum and time averaged values of the induced air speeds while the train is moving inside the approach tunnel or the station. The third one is used to simulate the time-dependent air speed variation during train stoppage and departure. Typical structures of a metro system such as staircases and ventilation shafts are introduced into the solution using simple analytical relations based on loss coefficients. The developed approach is tested using two different metro stations that are currently in operation in Turkey. The selected stations are constructed using different tunneling techniques resulting in different air flow characteristics. The results show that the time variation of the air speed predicted by the developed model is, in general, in good agreement with the results of the Subway Environmental Simulation software, although further studies are necessary to model the acceleration and deceleration of trains more realistically.
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Zhao, Teng Fei, Zhao Bo Meng, Jie Jin, and Xi Feng Li. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Xi'an Bell Tower Timber Structure under the Metro-Vibration Load of Line 6." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1718.
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Taking Xian Bell Tower and metro line 6 as research background, at first, according to the theory of Euler-Bernoulli beam in Winkler foundation, the analysis model of train-track-foundation system was established, and then, time-history curve of metro-induced loading acts on tunnel structure is obtained by using Matlab software. Two-dimensional finite element model of the structure-soil-tunnel interaction model was established using software Ansys,. Taken loading time delay into consideration for the first time, dynamic response law of the bell tower under the metro-vibration loading is obtained. Finally, the impact of metro line 6 on Xian Bell Tower was evaluated according to the Technical specification for protection of historic buildings against man-made vibration. Xi'an Bell Tower timber structure is safe when two trains running of the line 6.
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Yang, Guang, Junjie Wang, Feng Zhang, Shiwen Zhang, and Cheng Gong. "A Real-Time Timetable Rescheduling Method for Metro System Energy Optimization under Dwell-Time Disturbances." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (December 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5174961.
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Automatic Train Systems (ATSs) have attracted much attention in recent years. A reliable ATS can reschedule timetables adaptively and rapidly whenever a possible disturbance breaks the original timetable. Most research focuses the timetable rescheduling problem on minimizing the overall delay for trains or passengers. Few have been focusing on how to minimize the energy consumption when disturbances happen. In this paper, a real-time timetable rescheduling method (RTTRM) for energy optimization of metro systems has been proposed. The proposed method takes little time to recalculate a new schedule and gives proper solutions for all trains in the network immediately after a random disturbance happens, which avoids possible chain reactions that would attenuate the reuse of regenerative energy. The real-time feature and self-adaptability of the method are attributed to the combinational use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Deep Neural Network (DNN). The decision system for proposing solutions, which contains multiple DNN cells with same structures, is trained by GA results. RTTRM is upon the foundation of three models for metro networks: a control model, a timetable model and an energy model. Several numerical examples tested on Shanghai Metro Line 1 (SML1) validate the energy saving effects and real-time features of the proposed method.
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Pan, Haitao, and Shumin Feng. "Hybrid Scheduling Model Based on Fare Incentives for Peak Time Interval of the Metro: The Harbin Metro System." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (September 27, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4947222.
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Considering the operation efficiency of the metro system, the boarding queuing problem is a complex and intractable dilemma caused by the security and ticket checking process in urban metro stations, especially for the mass-transit metro system in China. In this study, a novel scheme of fare differentials based on demand control and congestion management for reducing congestion in the metro boarding process was proposed. In addition, we extended Vickrey’s point-queue model into a boarding congestion model incorporating the bidesired departure time considering the security and ticket checking process in stations as a continuum bottleneck. The train-run and departure time choosing behaviors of passengers under different schedule gaps of the adjacent train runs are explored when the boarding system achieves user equilibrium in the proposed model. Then, we examined the demand regulatory mechanisms of fare incentives (fare differentials) in reducing the queuing boarding time in metro stations when the optimization of the schedule gaps is ineffective in the pattern of mass-scale travel demand. The analytical solutions of these two optimal methods (schedule gaps and fare differentials) for boarding congestion management are presented. After comparing the two congestion-reduced methods, the fare incentive rule has a better regulation effect on the smoothing of travel demand. The results of the sensitivity analysis using numerical simulations reveal the regulatory mechanism of fare differentials in reducing the queuing time and increasing the incremental revenue. (1) The demand threshold is only related to the boarding capacity and schedule gaps (i.e., the greater the boarding capacity and schedule gaps, the greater the passenger capacity of the metro station). (2) The effect of fare incentives in reducing the boarding congestion is better if the lower fare is implemented in the later train runs. (3) A lower fare differential between two adjacent metro runs can be used to regulate the proportion of staggered passengers in the queuing line to reduce the crowd gathering in the metro station hall when travel demand is high, meanwhile, a higher fare differential between two adjacent metro shuttles can increase incremental revenue effectively. (4) The measure of fare differentials causes worse results in both the reduction of the queuing time and the increase of the incremental revenue when the metro travel demand is lower than the demand threshold. This conclusion is consistent with the pattern of reality and experience. Therefore, the definition and judgment conditions of demand thresholds, introduced in this study, can provide theoretical guidance when implementing fare incentive policies in aviation and metro networks.
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Li, Yangzijie. "Design and Application of Suspension Control System of Medi- um and Low-speed Maglev Train." 城市建设理论研究—市政工程 5, no. 1 (2020): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/szgc.2020.01.004.
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This paper introduces the main composition, working principle and performance index of the suspension control system of medium-and low-speed maglev train. Relying on the suspension controller and suspension sensor of suspension control system of Beijing Metro S1, introduces the main technical requirements, design points and experimental acceptance requirements of suspension control system, and analyzes the difficulties and main problems during the use of Beijing Metro S1.
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Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu, Nguyen Van Quyen, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Nguyen Van Lien, and Vu Hoang Phuong. "Speed profile optimization of an electrified train in Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro line based on pontryagin's maximum principle." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp233-242.
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An urban railway is a complex technical system that consumes large amounts of energy, but this means of transportation still has been obtained more and more popularity in densely populated cities because of its features of high-capacity transportation capability, high speed, security, punctuality, lower emission, reduction of traffic congestion. The improved energy consumption and environment are two of the main objectives for future transportation. Electrified trains can meet these objectives by the recuperation and reuse of regenerative braking energy and by the energy - efficient operation. Two methods are to enhance energy efficiency: one is to improve technology (e.g., using energy storage system, reversible or active substations to recuperate regenerative braking energy, replacing traction electric motors by energy-efficient traction system as permanent magnet electrical motors; train's mass reduction by lightweight material mass...); the other is to improve operational procedures (e.g. energy efficient driving including: eco-driving; speed profile optimization; Driving Advice System (DAS); Automatic Train Operation (ATO); traffic management optimization...). Among a lot of above solutions for saving energy, which one is suitable for current conditions of metro lines in Vietnam. The paper proposes the optimization method based on Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP) to find the optimal speed profile for electrified train of Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro line, Vietnam in an effort to minimize the train operation energy consumption.
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Mo, Pengli, Lixing Yang, and Ziyou Gao. "Energy-Efficient Train Operation Strategy with Speed Profiles Selection for an Urban Metro Line." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (March 31, 2019): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119836984.
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In the daily operations of a metro system, physical trains track the speed profiles which are embedded in the automatic train operation (ATO) system, and the speed profile plays a key role in determining both energy consumption and travel time. With consideration of the real-world operational environment and uncertain levels of passenger demand, this study specifically proposes an integer programming model with respect to energy consumption to generate a robust operational strategy which determines the speed profile choice on each segment. Because of the computational complexity of the proposed model, a heuristic algorithm is designed, which combines a genetic algorithm (GA) and a nomadic algorithm (NA), to find a good solution in acceptable computational time. Finally, numerical experiments based on the Beijing Yizhuang metro line are implemented to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach.
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Sharma, Priya. "Reversible Substation in DC Traction." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v2i4.331.
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In order to improve the green foot prints and also reduce the operational costs, it is currently standard practice to fit the Rolling stock of Metros railway units with regenerative dynamic braking systems. Thus, energy generated by a braking train can be reused by other accelerating trains. The excess energy is inverted back to the system for use in auxiliary power requirement like lighting lifts, escalator ect in stations. To capture the regenerative energy the popular technology in use are Energy Storage Systems (Batteries, Super capacitors and Fly wheel) and Inverters. For the urban metro rail using DC traction recently a new technology has been used which is known as the “Reversible Electric Sub Stations”. This improves the line receptivity of the DC systems by transferring the excess energy to the AC side. This new technology will make it possible to send that part of the braking energy that is usually burnt in resistors, back into the grid. That is by making the electric substation “reversible”, meaning that they can also operate in the reverse, feeding energy from the braking trains back to the grid. The main benefit is 99% of the regenerated energy is used and the braking resisters in the Rolling stock can be removed, which will in turn reduce the train mass and heat generated.
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Zhang, Danyang, Junhui Zhao, Yang Zhang, and Qingmiao Zhang. "Intelligent train control for cooperative train formation: A deep reinforcement learning approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 236, no. 5 (December 28, 2021): 975–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596518211064799.
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Considering the intelligent train control problem in long-term evolution for metro system, a new train-to-train communication-based train control system is proposed, where the cooperative train formation technology is introduced for realizing a more flexible train operation mode. To break the limitation of centralized train control, a pre-exploration-based two-stage deep Q-learning algorithm is adopted in the cooperative train formation, which is one of the first intelligent approaches for urban railway formation control. In addition, a comfort-considered algorithm is given, where optimization measures are taken for providing superior passenger experience. The simulation results illustrate that the optimized algorithm has a smoother jerk curve during the train control process, and the passenger comfort can be improved. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can effectively accomplish the train control task in the multi-train tracking scenarios, and meet the control requirements of the cooperative formation system.
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Liu, Di, Song-Qing Zhu, Yun-Rui Bi, Kun Liu, and You-Xiong Xu. "Research on the Utilization of Metro Regenerative Braking Energy Based on an Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7085809.
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Urban metro trains have the characteristics of short running distance between stations and frequent starting and braking. A large amount of regenerative braking energy is generated during the braking process. The effective utilization of the regenerative braking energy can substantially reduce the total energy consumption of train operation. In this paper, we establish two integer programming models of train operation that maximize the overlap time between train traction and braking in peak hours and nonpeak hours. On this basis, an improved differential evolution (IDE) algorithm is developed for solving the two integer programming models. The results demonstrate that the overlap time increases by 51.44% after optimization using the IDE algorithm when the headway is set to 154 s in peak hours. The overlap time is further increased by 14.87% by optimizing the headway. In nonpeak hours, the overlap time of traction and braking of the trains in opposite directions at the same station is increased by optimizing the bidirectional departure interval, thereby reducing the total energy consumption of the system.
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Zhao, Xing, Zhongyan Hou, Jihuai Chen, Yin Zhang, and Junying Sun. "Urban Rail Transit Scheduling under Time-Varying Passenger Demand." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7285148.
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In view of the conflict between the time-variation of urban rail transit passenger demand and the homogeneity of the train timetable, this paper takes into account the interests of both passengers and operators to build an urban rail transit scheduling model to acquire an optimized time-dependent train timetable. Based on the dynamic passenger volumes of origin-destination pairs from the automatic fare collection system, the model focuses on minimizing the total passenger waiting time with constraints on time interval between two consecutive trains, number and capacity of trains available, and load factor of trains. A hybrid algorithm which consists of the main algorithm based on genetic algorithm and the nested algorithm based on train traction calculation and safety distance requirement is designed to solve the model. To justify the effectiveness and the practical value of the proposed model and algorithm, a case of Nanjing Metro Line S1 is illustrated in this paper. The result shows that the optimized train timetable has advantage compared to the original one.
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Ma, Meng, Wenqian Ran, Jinping Wu, Minghang Li, and Xiangyu Qu. "Evaluating the Impact of Metro Interior Noise on Passenger Annoyance: An Experimental Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095041.
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The operation of a large-scale metro system creates problematic interior noise; the impact of this noise on passengers and drivers is a subject of increasing concern. To investigate the quantitative relationship between metro interior noise and passengers’ annoyance, this study analyzed questionnaires on passenger annoyance completed by 118 volunteers. The feedback from the questionnaire concerned eleven metro lines in Beijing. To test the interior noise levels, the volunteers were divided into two groups: A and B. The volunteers in group A took the same metro train as the testers, whereas those in group B took different trains. A total of 2080 noise annoyance samples from metro tunnel sections were collected and analyzed. Finally, the exposure-response relationship between interior noise and passenger annoyance was obtained by fitting these data with a logistic function. The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between the average subjective annoyance and the averaged equivalent sound pressure level. The fitting result was better for group A than for group B. For the mixed samples of two groups, the fitting result was greatly affected by the contribution of group A. To provide an acoustically comfortable environment, metro interior noise should not exceed 84–85 dB(A).
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Zhou, Yanli, Jianping Zhang, and Hui Yang. "Research on Tracking Control of Urban Rail Trains Based on Improved Disturbance Observer." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 22, 2023): 7403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137403.
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Urban rail transit trains operate in a complex and changing environment susceptible to uncertainties such as unknown disturbances or actuator faults. In order to ensure that the automatic train control (ATC) system can operate safely and control accurately even when the train is affected by uncertainties, the train is first subjected to force analysis, and a multiple point-mass model for the urban rail trains (URTs) is established. Secondly, an improved disturbance observer is proposed to estimate and attenuate the unknown disturbance online. The stability of the URTs system under the improved disturbance observer-based control (IDOBC) is demonstrated based on the linear matrix inequality and Lyapunov theorem. Finally, the Simulink platform is used to verify the target curves obtained after data optimization of the certain Nanchang Metro line for case verification. Compared to the traditional disturbance observer-based control (TDOBC) method, the train tracking error converges to near the zero region faster after being subjected to an external disturbance, and the mean absolute error (MAE) metric is smaller throughout the whole operation. The control strategy proposed in this paper has a more desirable control effect and can ensure the safer and more stable operation of the URTs.
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He, Li, Lei Chen, Jin Liu, Clive Roberts, Saijun Yu, and Xujie Feng. "Passenger Flow-Oriented Metro Operation without Timetables." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 4999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104999.
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Unpredictable fluctuant passenger flow usually exists in urban metro operations. In this situation, traditional predetermined metro timetables cannot always meet the variation of passenger flow, and thus the service quality of the metro system could be affected profoundly. In this paper, by introducing an innovative metro operation method without timetables, we develop a nonlinear integer programming model to continually optimise the train operation to deal with detected real-time passenger flow variations. We aim to minimise the total passenger waiting time in the research time horizon under the vehicle number constraint. A modified genetic algorithm integrated with a macroscopic metro simulator is adopted to solve the proposed model. A case study based on the Beijing Metro Line 19 is implemented to provide a quantitative result for evaluating the proposed passenger flow-oriented metro operation method without timetables. Compared to traditional timetable-based metro operation, the method could significantly improve the metro operation’s flexibility and the quality of services.
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Zhao, Ning, Zhongbei Tian, Stuart Hillmansen, Lei Chen, Clive Roberts, and Shigen Gao. "Timetable Optimization and Trial Test for Regenerative Braking Energy Utilization in Rapid Transit Systems." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 4879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134879.
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Rapid transit systems play a significant role in supporting rapid social and economic development in large cities all over the world. However, the systems consume a large amount of energy, which brings increasing environmental concerns. A number of energy-saving technologies have been studied on railways. However, few of the outcomes have been tested and evaluated in practice. This paper presents the development of a timetable optimization and trial test on a metro line to reach the full potential of the train regenerative braking system. To achieve this purpose, a timetable optimization algorithm has been developed, and a trial test of the optimal timetable has been arranged on a metro line for a whole day. In the test, all the trains running in the network were organized to operate in accordance with the optimal timetable. The trial test results indicate that by applying the optimal timetable, the regenerative braking energy utilization can be improved, thereby reducing the overall network energy usage.