Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metric mapping'
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1
Simhon, Shlomo Saul. "Islands of reliability for hybrid topological-metric mapping." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20864.
Abstract:
This thesis describes a method for mapping unknown large scale static environments using a hybrid of topological and metric representations. A global map is formed from a set of local maps for sub-regions of the environments. Each local map contains quantitative environment information used to define a local reference frame. These maps are referred to as islands of reliability because they are associated with the sub-regions whose local structure is best matched to the sensors we are using. The connectivity of these islands is represented topologically. The key mapping problem we consider is where to place the islands of reliability and to what extent they should cover the environment. This is accomplished by defining the placement criteria in terms of the task to be satisfied and the uncertainties of the mapping agent. Islands are distributed about the environment at areas suitable for extracting metric information relevant to a localization task.
2
Ruth, Harry Leonard Jr. "Conformal densities and deformations of uniform loewner metric spaces." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1210203872.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Committee/Advisors: David Herron PhD (Committee Chair), David Minda PhD (Committee Member), Nageswari Shanmugalingam PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Sep.3, 2008). Keywords: conformal density; uniform spaces; Loewner; quasisymmetry; quasiconofrmal. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
3
Thau, Robert S. (Robert Solomon). "Reliably mapping a robot's enivronment using fast vision and local, but not global, metric data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10306.
4
SAMMARTANO, GIULIA. "Suitability Of 3D Dense Models For Rapid Mapping Strategies On Cultural Heritage Documentation And Conservation. Validation of metric and non-metric information extraction from integrated solutions." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2703098.
Abstract:
This dissertation deals with the suitability of digital models for the 3D documentation of built heritage (BH), in terms of its resolution, measure and representation regarding the building’s morphology and state of conservation. Specifically, the research enquires into the 3D models’ consistency and validation, generated by new methodological developments of geomatics-integrated techniques for obtaining geospatial data, by means of rapid mapping solutions in 3D survey, generally with low-cost approaches, to obtain metric and non-metric definition of the historical structures. Starting from the bounding of the concept of user-oriented models in the reality-based modelling issues at the first part of the dissertation, the documentation of cultural heritage (CH) in critical contexts is defined as investigation workspace. The established workflows of the digital metric survey based on range-based and image-based sensors are analyzed in the second part, and the possible integrated acquisition and processing phases on the point clouds data treatment for the surface model definition are proposed and validated. The assessment issues are weighted on employed techniques, well-established and more innovative, and on the initially introduced requirements about scale accuracy and achievable details.
The aim of this research is thus to focus on the 3D model features and their confidence levels to define and classify the extracted multi-scale geometric and radiometric information that can be useful to be addressed toward interdisciplinary interventions on the state of conservation, on the damage mapping and assessment around cultural heritage assets. This content is bound around the 3D model, according to a multi-parameter framework that wants to cover the overall validation attributes, such as: operational efficiency or the practicality and sustainability of data achievement; reliability or the confidence level of the metric contents on the model; contents or the richness of the embedded data; completeness or the comprehensiveness of gatherable information.
The extensive testing, addressed in the fourth part of the discussion, is based on a set of examples regarding the analyzed BH typologies located in the different urban and landscape contexts, featured by increasing levels of critical issues. It aims is the supporting the comparative multi-parameter evaluation and validation in the central part of the dissertation. Herein, the validation of 3D models is proposed from integrated workflows which take into account consolidated approaches (like terrestrial laser scanning or close-range photogrammetry) flanked by rapid mapping strategies with the employment of alternative techniques (such as the UAV photogrammetry, in the nadir and oblique configurations, and the portable Mobile Mapping Systems). The information richness, according to a 3D integration perspective, demonstrates across the dataset presentation and the final discussion, the promising and flexible ability of documenting the morphology and material characterization of complex historical structures, even proving their aptitude to support the mapping of structures consistence and conservation in case of emergency and damage assessment.
5
Gonzalez, Villasanti Hugo Jose. "Stability of Input/Output Dynamical Systems on Metric Spaces: Theory and Applications." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155558269238935.
6
Zolfaghari, Reza. "Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping Provides New Insights into the Link Between Human Ear Morphology and the Head-Related Transfer Functions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16701.
Abstract:
The research findings presented in this thesis is composed of four sections. In the first section of this thesis, it is shown how LDDMM can be applied to deforming head and ear shapes in the context of morphoacoustic study. Further, tools are developed to measure differences in 3D shapes using the framework of currents and also to compare and measure the differences between the acoustic responses obtained from BEM simulations for two ear shapes. Finally this section introduces the multi-scale approach for mapping ear shapes using LDDMM. The second section of the thesis estimates a template ear, head and torso shape from the shapes available in the SYMARE database. This part of the thesis explains a new procedure for developing the template ear shape. The template ear and head shapes were are verified by comparing the features in the template shapes to corresponding features in the CIPIC and SYMARE database population. The third section of the thesis examines the quality of the deformations from the template ear shape to target ears in SYMARE from both an acoustic and morphological standpoint. As a result of this investigation, it was identified that ear shapes can be studied more accurately by the use of two physical scales and that scales at which the ear shapes were studied were dependent on the parameters chosen when mapping ears in the LDDMM framework. Finally, this section concludes by noting how shape distances vary with the acoustic distances using the developed tools. In the final part of this thesis, the variations in the morphology of ears are examined using the Kernel Principle Component Analysis (KPCA) and the changes in the corresponding acoustics are studied using the standard principle component analysis (PCA). These examinations involved identifying the number of kernel principle components that are required in order to model ear shapes with an acceptable level of accuracy, both morphologically and acoustically.
7
Sakamoto, Ryo. "Detection of Time-Varying Structures by Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping to Aid Reading of High-Resolution CT Images of the Lung." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189353.
8
Hume, David S. "Embeddings of infinite groups into Banach spaces." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e38f58ec-484c-4088-bb44-1556bc647cde.
Abstract:
In this thesis we build on the theory concerning the metric geometry of relatively hyperbolic and mapping class groups, especially with respect to the difficulty of embedding such groups into Banach spaces. In Chapter 3 (joint with Alessandro Sisto) we construct simple embeddings of closed graph manifold groups into a product of three metric trees, answering positively a conjecture of Smirnov concerning the Assouad-Nagata dimension of such spaces. Consequently, we obtain optimal embeddings of such spaces into certain Banach spaces. The ideas here have been extended to other closed three-manifolds and to higher dimensional analogues of graph manifolds. In Chapter 4 we give an explicit method of embedding relatively hyperbolic groups into certain Banach spaces, which yields optimal bounds on the compression exponent of such groups relative to their peripheral subgroups. From this we deduce that the fundamental group of every closed three-manifold has Hilbert compression exponent one. In Chapter 5 we prove that relatively hyperbolic spaces with a tree-graded quasi-isometry representative can be characterised by a relative version of Manning's bottleneck property. This applies to the Bestvina-Bromberg-Fujiwara quasi-trees of spaces, yielding an embedding of each mapping class group of a closed surface into a finite product of simplicial trees. From this we obtain explicit embeddings of mapping class groups into certain Banach spaces and deduce that these groups have finite Assouad-Nagata dimension. It also applies to relatively hyperbolic groups, proving that such groups have finite Assouad-Nagata dimension if and only if each peripheral subgroup does.
9
Habib, Yassine. "Monocular SLAM densification for 3D mapping and autonomous drone navigation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0390.
Abstract:
Les drones aériens sont essentiels dans les missions de recherche et de sauvetage car ils permettent une reconnaissance rapide de la zone de la mission, tel qu’un bâtiment effondré. La cartographie 3D dense et métrique en temps réel est cruciale pour capturer la structure de l’environnement et permettre une navigation autonome. L’approche privilégiée pour cette tâche consiste à utiliser du SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) à partir d’une caméra monoculaire synchronisée avec une centrale inertielle (IMU). Les algorithmes à l’état de l’art maximisent l’efficacité en triangulant un nombre minimum de points, construisant ainsi un nuage de points 3D épars. Quelques travaux traitent de la densification du SLAM monoculaire, généralement en utilisant des réseaux neuronaux profonds pour prédire une carte de profondeur dense à partir d’une seule image. La plupart ne sont pas métriques ou sont trop complexes pour être utilisés en embarqué. Dans cette thèse, nous identifions une méthode de SLAM monoculaire à l’état de l’art et l’évaluons dans des conditions difficiles pour les drones. Nous présentons une architecture fonctionnelle pour densifier le SLAM monoculaire en appliquant la prédiction de profondeur monoculaire pour construire une carte dense et métrique en voxels 3D.L’utilisation de voxels permet une construction et une maintenance efficaces de la carte par projection de rayons, et permet la fusion volumétrique multi-vues. Enfin, nous proposons une procédure de récupération d’échelle qui utilise les estimations de profondeur éparses et métriques du SLAM pour affiner les cartes de profondeur denses prédites. Notre approche a été évaluée sur des benchmarks conventionnels et montre des résultats prometteurs pour des applications pratiquesAerial drones are essential in search and rescue missions as they provide fast reconnaissance of the mission area, such as a collapsed building. Creating a dense and metric 3D map in real-time is crucial to capture the structure of the environment and enable autonomous navigation. The recommended approach for this task is to use Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) from a monocular camera synchronized with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Current state-of-the-art algorithms maximize efficiency by triangulating a minimum number of points, resulting in a sparse 3D point cloud. Few works address monocular SLAM densification, typically by using deep neural networks to predict a dense depth map from a single image. Most are not metric or are too complex for use in embedded applications. In this thesis, we identify and evaluate a state of-the-art monocular SLAM baseline under challenging drone conditions. We present a practical pipeline for densifying monocular SLAM by applying monocular depth prediction to construct a dense and metric 3D voxel map. Using voxels allows the efficient construction and maintenance of the map through raycasting, and allows for volumetric multi-view fusion. Finally, we propose a scale recovery procedure that uses the sparse and metric depth estimates of SLAM to refine the predicted dense depth maps. Our approach has been evaluated on conventional benchmarks and shows promising results for practical applications
10
TEPPATI, LOSE' LORENZO. "Geomatics support to the metric documentation of the archaeological heritage. Tests and validations on the use of low-cost, rapid, image-based sensors and systems." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2735515.
11
Danijela, Karaklić. "Prostori sa fazi rastojanjem i primena u obradi slike." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110710&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Abstract:
Merenje kvaliteta slike korišćenjem indeksa za kvalitet slike, ne mora da odražava i praktični kvalitet slike, odnosno nije baziran na HVS (Human visual system) modelu. Formiranje razmatranih funkcija, koje se koriste u algoritmu filtriranja za određivanje rastojanja među pikselima, može se vršiti na različite načine, što se može videti u radovima iz oblasti filtriranja slike, daje širok spektar mogućnosti da se ispita uticaj fazi rastojanja npr. fazi T-metrike ili fazi Ѕ-metrike mogu imati na sam proces filtriranja slike. Cilj je poboljšanje kvaliteta slike u odnosu na medijanski filter. U okviru teorijskih razmatranja prostora sa fazi rastojanjem dobijeni su i rezultati iz teorije nepokretne tačke koji pružaju mogućnost dalje primene ovih prostora u tehnici.Measuring the image quality using a given image quality index does not necessarily reflect the practical quality of the image, that is, it is not based on the HVS (Human Visual System) model. The formation of given functions, which are used in the filtering algorithm for determining the distance between the pixels, can be done in different ways, which can be seen in works in the field of image filtering, provides a wide range of possibilities to examine the effect of fuzzy distance, for example, of the fuzzy T-metric or the fuzzy S-metric can have on the image filtering process itself. The goal is to improve image quality in relation to a vector median filter. Within the theoretical considerations of space with fuzzy distance, results from the fixed point theory have been obtained which provide the possibility of further application of these spaces in the technique.
12
Abbas, Mujahid. "Soft Set Theory: Generalizations, Fixed Point Theorems, and Applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/48470.
Abstract:
Mathematical models have extensively been used in problems related to
engineering, computer sciences, economics, social, natural and medical sciences
etc. It has become very common to use mathematical tools to solve,
study the behavior and different aspects of a system and its different subsystems.
Because of various uncertainties arising in real world situations,
methods of classical mathematics may not be successfully applied to solve
them. Thus, new mathematical theories such as probability theory and fuzzy
set theory have been introduced by mathematicians and computer scientists
to handle the problems associated with the uncertainties of a model. But
there are certain deficiencies pertaining to the parametrization in fuzzy set
theory. Soft set theory aims to provide enough tools in the form of parameters
to deal with the uncertainty in a data and to represent it in a useful
way. The distinguishing attribute of soft set theory is that unlike probability
theory and fuzzy set theory, it does not uphold a precise quantity. This
attribute has facilitated applications in decision making, demand analysis,
forecasting, information sciences, mathematics and other disciplines.
In this thesis we will discuss several algebraic and topological properties
of soft sets and fuzzy soft sets. Since soft sets can be considered as setvalued
maps, the study of fixed point theory for multivalued maps on soft
topological spaces and on other related structures will be also explored.
The contributions of the study carried out in this thesis can be summarized
as follows:
i) Revisit of basic operations in soft set theory and proving some new
results based on these modifications which would certainly set a new
dimension to explore this theory further and would help to extend its
limits further in different directions. Our findings can be applied to
develop and modify the existing literature on soft topological spaces
ii) Defining some new classes of mappings and then proving the existence
and uniqueness of such mappings which can be viewed as a positive
contribution towards an advancement of metric fixed point theory
iii) Initiative of soft fixed point theory in framework of soft metric spaces
and proving the results lying at the intersection of soft set theory and
fixed point theory which would help in establishing a bridge between
these two flourishing areas of research.
iv) This study is also a starting point for the future research in the area of
fuzzy soft fixed point theory.Abbas, M. (2014). Soft Set Theory: Generalizations, Fixed Point Theorems, and Applications [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48470
TESIS
13
Carré, Maxime. "Interprétation d'images acquises en situation de faible éclairement ou d'éclairement variable." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4012.
Abstract:
La qualité d’une prise de vue est un point incontournable dans la résolution des problèmes d’imagerie. Un capteur non adapté, un éclairage non contrôlé, ou des conditions variables de la scène observée peuvent être à l’origine de problèmes très difficiles à surmonter. Nous présentons différentes méthodes de traitement d’image permettant de prendre en compte au mieux ces conditions de prise de vue instables. Les approches que nous proposons sont définies dans le cadre du modèle LIP (Logarithmic Image Processing). Dans une première partie, nous nous intéressons à des notions de contraste : le contraste LIP additif et un nouveau contraste LIP multiplicatif, ainsi qu’à leurs métriques associées. De nouveaux outils de traitement basés sur ces notions sont ensuite définis : seuillage, détecteur de contours, reconnaissance de modèle. L’utilisation de ces notions de contraste confère à ces algorithmes la capacité des contrastes LIP à s’adapter à différents types d’images mal conditionnées. Nous proposons ensuite de nouvelles techniques de correction de dynamique d’images en exploitant les opérations LIP. Différentes corrections globales et locales sont présentées ainsi que leurs applications directes : correction de dérive d’éclairement pour du contrôle industriel ou amélioration d’image pour de la visualisation. Nous obtenons notamment une méthode de correction locale dont les résultats se rapprochent de ceux de certaines techniques de tone mapping. En comparaison, notre technique s’avère simple, rapide (temps réel à 30 images par seconde) et réaliste car basée sur une interprétation physique de la problématiqueThe quality of image acquisitions is crucial in the resolution of imaging problems. Troubles during acquisiton can lead to unstability for image processing algorithms. We propose different methods (thresholding techniques, contour detection, pattern matching) based on new metrics and contrasts in the LIP context. The LIP (Logarithmic Image Processing) model is recognized as an efficient framework to process images acquired in transmitted light and to take into account the human visual system. LIP operations are also useful to simulate varitations of image parameters in situation of reflected light. Finally, we propose new methods of global and local dynamic enhancement in the LIP framework like a real time and realistic local dynamic correction that brings results close to those obtained by certain tone mapping methods
14
Qu, Zheng. "Théorie de Perron-Frobenius non linéaire et méthodes numériques max-plus pour la résolution d'équations d'Hamilton-Jacobi." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00927122.
Abstract:
Une approche fondamentale pour la résolution de problémes de contrôle optimal est basée sur le principe de programmation dynamique. Ce principe conduit aux équations d'Hamilton-Jacobi, qui peuvent être résolues numériquement par des méthodes classiques comme la méthode des différences finies, les méthodes semi-lagrangiennes, ou les schémas antidiffusifs. À cause de la discrétisation de l'espace d'état, la dimension des problèmes de contrôle pouvant être abordés par ces méthodes classiques est souvent limitée à 3 ou 4. Ce phénomène est appellé malédiction de la dimension. Cette thèse porte sur les méthodes numériques max-plus en contôle optimal deterministe et ses analyses de convergence. Nous étudions et developpons des méthodes numériques destinées à attenuer la malédiction de la dimension, pour lesquelles nous obtenons des estimations théoriques de complexité. Les preuves reposent sur des résultats de théorie de Perron-Frobenius non linéaire. En particulier, nous étudions les propriétés de contraction des opérateurs monotones et non expansifs, pour différentes métriques de Finsler sur un cône (métrique de Thompson, métrique projective d'Hilbert). Nous donnons par ailleurs une généralisation du "coefficient d'ergodicité de Dobrushin" à des opérateurs de Markov sur un cône général. Nous appliquons ces résultats aux systèmes de consensus ainsi qu'aux équations de Riccati généralisées apparaissant en contrôle stochastique.
15
Vallvé, Navarro Joan. "Information metrics for localization and mapping." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668937.
Abstract:
Decades of research have made possible the existence of several autonomous systems that successfully and efficiently navigate within a variety of environments under certain conditions. One core technology that has allowed this is simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), the process of building a representation of the environment while localizing the robot in it.
State-of-the-art solutions to the SLAM problem still rely, however, on heuristic decisions and options set by the user. In this thesis we search for principled solutions to various aspects of the localization and mapping problem with the help of information metrics.
One such aspect is the issue of scalability. In SLAM, the problem size grows indefinitely as the experiment goes by, increasing computational resource demands. To maintain the problem tractable, we develop methods to build an approximation to the original network of constraints of the SLAM problem by reducing its size while maintaining its sparsity. In this thesis we propose three methods to build the topology of such approximated network, and two methods to perform the approximation itself.
In addition, SLAM is a passive application. It means, it does not drive the robot. The problem of driving the robot with the aim of both accurately localizing the robot and mapping the environment is called active SLAM. In this problem two normally opposite forces drive the robot, one to new places discovering unknown regions and another to revisit previous configurations to improve localization. As opposed to heuristics, in this thesis we pose the problem as the joint minimization of both map and trajectory estimation uncertainties, and present four different active SLAM approaches based on entropy-reduction formulation.
All methods presented in this thesis have been rigorously validated in both synthetic and real datasets.Dècades de recerca han fet possible l’existència de nombrosos sistemes autònoms que naveguen eficaçment i eficient per varietat d’entorns sota certes condicions. Una de les principals tecnologies que ho han fet possible és la localització i mapeig simultanis (SLAM), el procés de crear una representació de l’entorn mentre es localitza el robot en aquesta. De tota manera, els algoritmes d’SLAM de l’estat de l’art encara basen moltes decisions en heurístiques i opcions a escollir per l’usuari final. Aquesta tesi persegueix solucions fonamentades per a varietat d’aspectes del problema de localització i mappeig amb l’ajuda de mesures d’informació. Un d’aquests aspectes és l’escalabilitat. En SLAM, el problema creix indefinidament a mesura que l’experiment avança fent créixer la demanda de recursos computacionals. Per mantenir el problema tractable, desenvolupem mètodes per construir una aproximació de la xarxa de restriccions original del problema d’SLAM, reduint així el seu tamany a l’hora que es manté la seva naturalesa dispersa. En aquesta tesi, proposem tres métodes per confeccionar la topologia de l’approximació i dos mètodes per calcular l’aproximació pròpiament. A més, l’SLAM és una aplicació passiva. És a dir que no dirigeix el robot. El problema de guiar el robot amb els objectius de localitzar el robot i mapejar l’entorn amb precisió es diu SLAM actiu. En aquest problema, dues forces normalment oposades guien el robot, una cap a llocs nous descobrint regions desconegudes i l’altra a revisitar prèvies configuracions per millorar la localització. En contraposició amb mètodes heurístics, en aquesta tesi plantegem el problema com una minimització de l’incertesa tant en el mapa com en l’estimació de la trajectòria feta i presentem quatre mètodes d’SLAM actiu basats en la reducció de l’entropia. Tots els mètodes presentats en aquesta tesi han estat rigurosament validats tant en sèries de dades sintètiques com en reals.
16
Polzin, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mappings : theory, numerics, and applications / Thomas Polzin." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168860741/34.
17
Niyitegeka, Jean Marie Vianney. "Generalizations of some fixed point theorems in banach and metric spaces." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5265.
Abstract:
A fixed point of a mapping is an element in the domain of the mapping that is mapped into itself by the mapping. The study of fixed points has been a field of interests to mathematicians since the discovery of the Banach contraction theorem, i.e. if is a complete metric space and is a contraction mapping (i.e. there exists such that for all ), then has a unique fixed point. The Banach contraction theorem has found many applications in pure and applied mathematics. Due to fixed point theory being a mixture of analysis, geometry, algebra and topology, its applications to other fields such as physics, economics, game theory, chemistry, engineering and many others has become vital. The theory is nowadays a very active field of research in which many new theorems are published, some of them applied and many others generalized. Motivated by all of this, we give an exposition of some generalizations of fixed point theorems in metric fixed point theory, which is a branch of fixed point theory about results of fixed points of mappings between metric spaces, where certain properties of the mappings involved need not be preserved under equivalent metrics. For instance, the contractive property of mappings between metric spaces need not be preserved under equivalent metrics. Since metric fixed point theory is wide, we limit ourselves to fixed point theorems for self and non-self-mappings on Banach and metric spaces. We also take a look at some open problems on this topic of study. At the end of the dissertation, we suggest our own problems for future research.
18
Qu, Zheng. "Nonlinear Perron-Frobenius theory and max-plus numerical methods for Hamilton-Jacobi equations." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/92/71/22/PDF/thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
Une approche fondamentale pour la résolution de problémes de contrôle optimal est basée sur le principe de programmation dynamique. Ce principe conduit aux équations d'Hamilton-Jacobi, qui peuvent être résolues numériquement par des méthodes classiques comme la méthode des différences finies, les méthodes semi-lagrangiennes, ou les schémas antidiffusifs. À cause de la discrétisation de l'espace d'état, la dimension des problèmes de contrôle pouvant être abordés par ces méthodes classiques est souvent limitée à 3 ou 4. Ce phénomène est appellé malédiction de la dimension. Cette thèse porte sur les méthodes numériques max-plus en contôle optimal deterministe et ses analyses de convergence. Nous étudions et developpons des méthodes numériques destinées à attenuer la malédiction de la dimension, pour lesquelles nous obtenons des estimations théoriques de complexité. Les preuves reposent sur des résultats de théorie de Perron-Frobenius non linéaire. En particulier, nous étudions les propriétés de contraction des opérateurs monotones et non expansifs, pour différentes métriques de Finsler sur un cône (métrique de Thompson, métrique projective d'Hilbert). Nous donnons par ailleurs une généralisation du "coefficient d'ergodicité de Dobrushin" à des opérateurs de Markov sur un cône général. Nous appliquons ces résultats aux systèmes de consensus ainsi qu'aux équations de Riccati généralisées apparaissant en contrôle stochastiqueDynamic programming is one of the main approaches to solve optimal control problems. It reduces the latter problems to Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equations (PDE). Several techniques have been proposed in the literature to solve these PDE. We mention, for example, finite difference schemes, the so-called discrete dynamic programming method or semi-Lagrangian method, or the antidiffusive schemes. All these methods are grid-based, i. E. , they require a discretization of the state space, and thus suffer from the so-called curse of dimensionality. The present thesis focuses on max-plus numerical solutions and convergence analysis for medium to high dimensional deterministic optimal control problems. We develop here max-plus based numerical algorithms for which we establish theoretical complexity estimates. The proof of these estimates is based on results of nonlinear Perron-Frobenius theory. In particular, we study the contraction properties of monotone or non-expansive nonlinear operators, with respect to several classical metrics on cones (Thompson's metric, Hilbert's projective metric), and obtain nonlinear or non-commutative generalizations of the "ergodicity coefficients" arising in the theory of Markov chains. These results have applications in consensus theory and also to the generalized Riccati equations arising in stochastic optimal control
19
Chia, Vin San. "New metrics for assessing high-quality researchers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205722/1/Vin_Chia_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
Assessing the research quality of individual academics and using this to predict their research performance are critical steps in their hiring and promotion. However, no existing metrics individually appear to be good predictors of research performance. This research explored existing research performance metrics in four research quality dimensions, productivity, impact, prestige and collaboration. It developed two new metrics and identified a metrics set which provides a better assessment of an academic’s research performance and has higher predictive power than any existing metrics to identify future high-impact researcher.
20
Xu, Binbin. "L'identité de Pleijel hyperbolique, la métrique de pression et l'extension centrale du groupe modulaire via quantification de Chekhov-Fock." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM068/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse consiste en trois parties que j'ai faites pendant ces trois ans.La première partie va être constituée de l'étude de la distribution de la longueur de corde sur le plan hyperbolique. Nous montrons l'identité de Pleijel pour le plan hyperbolique. En utilisant cette identité, nous remontrons l'identité de formule de Crofton et l'inégalité isopérimétrique pour le plan hyperbolique, et puis nous calculons la distribution de la longueur de corde associée à un triangle idéal et celle associée à un quadrilatère idéal. Ensuit, nous montons les résultats analogues pour les surfaces riemannienne simplement connexes avec la courbure constante. La seconde partie va contribuer aux études de la métrique de pression sur l'espace de Teichmüller d'un tore privé d'un disque. En étudiant la dégénération du tore quand la longueur du bord va à l'infini, nous trouvons la relation de cette métrique avec la métrique de pression sur l'espace modulaires des graphes métriques. Nous montrons ensuite que la fonction de l'entropie n'est pas constante sur les feuilles symplectique de l'espace Teichmüller d'une surface à bord.Finalement, la troisième partie concerne la quantification de l'espace de Teichmüller d'une surface avec les piqûres. nous montrons. Dans ce chapitre, nous étudions l'extension centrale du groupe modulaire via la quantification de Chekhov-Fock et calculons sa classe de cohomologie qui est 12 fois la classe de Meyer plus les classes d'Euler associées aux piqûresThis thesis consists of three parts corresponding to the three subjects that I have studied during the last three years.The first part contains the study of the chord length distribution associated to a compact (or non-compact) domain in the hyperbolic plane. We prove the hyperbolic Pleijel identity. By using this identity, we find new approaches to the Crofton's formula and the isoperimetric inequality, and then compute the chord length distribution associated to an ideal triangle and that associated to an ideal quadrilateral. Then we prove the analogue results for the simply connected Riemannian surface with constant curvature.The second part of this thesis (Chapter 5) consists of the study of the pressuremetric on the Teichmüller space of one-holed torus. By studying the degeneration of the torus when the boundary length goes to infinity, we find the relation of this metric to the pressure metric on the moduli space of metric graphs. Then we study the entropy function and prove that it is not constant on the symplectic leaf of the Teichmüller space of a bordered surface.Finally, the third part concerns the quantization of the Teichmüller space of a punctured surface. In this chapter, we study the central extension of the mapping class group coming from the quantization and compute its cohomology class which is 12 times the Meyer class plus the Euler classes associated to punctures
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Konda, Bhargava Mithra, and Kranthi Kiran Mandava. "A Systematic Mapping Study on Software Reuse." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4305.
Abstract:
Context: Software reuse is considered as the key to a successful software development because of its potential to reduce the time to market, increase quality and reduce costs. This increase in demand made the software organizations to envision the use of software reusable assets which can also help in solving recurring problems. Till now, software reuse is confined to reuse of source code in the name of code scavenging. Now a day, software organizations are extending the concepts of software reuse to other life cycle objects as they realized that reuse of source code alone does not save money. The academia has put forward some assets as reusable and presented methods or approaches for reusing them. Also, for a successful software reuse the organizations should assess the value of reuse and keep track on their reuse programs. The other area which is vital for software reuse is the maintenance. Maintenance of reusable software has direct impact on the cost of the software. In this regard, academia has presented a number of techniques, methods, metrics and models for assessing the value of reuse and for maintaining the reusable software. Objectives: In our thesis, we investigate on the reusable assets and the methods/ approaches that are put forward by the academia for reusing those assets. Also a systematic mapping study is performed to investigate what techniques, methods, models and metrics for assessing the value of reuse and for maintaining the reused software are proposed and we also investigate their validation status as well. Methods: The databases like IEEE Xplore, ACM digital library, Inspec, Springer and Google scholar were used to search for the relevant studies for our systematic mapping study. We followed basic inclusion criteria along with detailed inclusion/exclusion criteria for selecting the appropriate article. Results: Through our systematic mapping study, we could summarize the list of 14 reusable assets along with the approaches/methods for reusing them. Taxonomy for assessing the value of reuse and taxonomy for maintaining the reusable software are presented. We also presented the methods/metrics/models/techniques for measuring reuse to assess its value and for maintaining the reusable software along with their validation status and areas in focus. Conclusion: We conclude that, there is a need for defining a standard set of reusable assets that are commonly accepted by the researchers in the field of software reuse. Most metrics/models/methods/approaches presented for assessing the value of reuse and for maintaining the reuse software are academically validated. Efforts have to be put on industrially validating them using the real data.
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Andersen, Hans-Erik. "Estimation of critical forest structure metrics through the spatial analysis of airborne laser scanner data /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5579.
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Karavai, Olga. "Mapping local corrosion parameters using SVET and SIET." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22052.
Abstract:
Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia de MateriaisLocalized corrosion, i.e., corrosion confined to local regions, is difficult to predict and control. In general, it appears as a result of heterogeneities, either in the metal or in the corrosive environment. One of the phenomenological features of localised corrosion is the development of specific environments close to active sites. In practice, the micro-environment near the metallic surface is different from that of the bulk medium and varies with time and conditions of the system under study. Localized electrochemical techniques based on the use of microelectrodes are well suited for in situ sensing the distribution of potential, current and chemical species in active zones, pores or defects. Most of the published work dealing with microelectrodes in corrosion is mainly exploratory and their use in a regular basis is still rare in corrosion research. This work presents the development and application of microelectrodes as experimental tools capable to assess local electrochemical reactions on metallic substrates immersed in aggressive solutions. Traditional electrochemical techniques used in corrosion research give the average response of the global activity of the whole surface not discriminating local effects and local chemistry. Therefore they are unable per si to properly characterize localized phenomena and the corresponding corrosion, inhibitive mechanisms and, sometimes, even to select the best protection methods. It is important to know local parameters such as pH, micro-galvanic effects, concentration of oxidizing (like O2) and aggressive (like Cl-) species, and formation of surface films. The Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) was used for local measurements of ionic currents in solution. The technique detects the potential distribution in solution associated to ionic currents in solution. For the analysis of the chemical species involved in the corrosion process, electrochemical microsensors were used in SIET (Scanning Ion Selective Electrode Technique) mode. Microelectrodes sensitive to pH, dissolved oxygen and metal cations (namely, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+) were developed and characterized. Work was also done with microeloectrodes sensitive to Al3+, but with less success. Then, they were used for investigating the reactivity on defects and corrosion inhibition on coated aluminium and magnesium alloys, detecting the micro-distribution of chemical species in solution close to the corroding surface of Zn, Cu and a Zn- Fe galvanic couple specimens. ix Limitations and difficulties exist for the use of these techniques in corrosion research due to the inherent reactivity of corroding metals, with the formation of corrosion products and sharp changes of pH, O2 and ionic strength along the samples surface. In spite of the difficulties, the results presented here demonstrate that the SVET/SIET mapping gives useful information for the quantification of electrochemical processes at the micro-level. The data are of prime importance for the modelling and simulation of corrosion mechanisms, selection of new corrosion inhibitors and development of ‘‘smart” coatings that suppress the corrosion processes.
A corrosão localizada, i.e., corrosão confinada a locais específicos, é difícil de prever e controlar. Em geral, ocorre como resultado de heterogeneidades tanto no metal como no ambiente corrosivo. Uma das características da corrosão localizada é o desenvolvimento de ambientes específicos junto das zonas activas. Na prática, o micro-ambiente junto da superfície metálica é diferente do do seio da solução, variando com o tempo e com as condições do sistema em estudo. Técnicas electroquímicas localizadas baseadas na utilização de microeléctrodos são convientes para medir a distribuição de potencial, intensidade de corrente e espécies químicas em solução junto de zonas activas, poros ou defeitos. Muito do trabalho que existe publicado sobre microeléctrodos em corrosão refere-se a trabalho exploratório que permanece numa etapa preliminar. A aplicação de microeléctrodos em estudo de corrosão numa base rotineira é ainda rara. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e aplicação de microeléctrodos como ferramentas experimentais capazes de aceder a reacções electroquímicas locais em substratos metálicos imersos em soluções agressivas. As técnicas electroquímicas tradicionais usadas no estudo de corrosão dão resposta média do processo global em toda a superfície da amostra sem distinguir efeitos locais e a química local. Não são, portanto, adequadas para a descrição detalhada dos mecanismos de corrosão localizada, de processos de inibição e, por vezes, para a selecção dos métodos de protecção mais adequados. É importante conhecer parâmetros locais, como pH, efeitos micro-galvânicos, concentração de espécies oxidantes (como O2) e agressivas (como Cl-), formação de filmes superficiais. Neste trabalho usou-se a técnica do eléctrodo vibrante de varrimento (SVET) para medições locais de corrente iónica em solução. A técnica detecta a distribuição de potencial em solução, associada à corrente iónica. Para a análise de espécies químicas envolvidas no processo corrosivo, foram usados microsensores electroquímicos no modo SIET (Técnica de Varrimento de Eléctrodo Selectivo de Iões). vii Foram desenvolvidos e caracterizados microeléctrodos sensíveis a pH, oxigénio dissolvido e catiões metálicos (nomeadamente, Mg2+, Zn2+ e Cu2+). Trabalhou-se também no desenvolvimento de microeléctrodos sensíveis a Al3+, embora com menos sucesso. Os microeléctrodos foram utilizados na investigação da corrosão e inibição em defeitos induzidos em revestimentos protectores aplicados sobre ligas de alumínio e de magnésio, e na detecção da micro-distribuição de espécies químicas em solução perto de eléctrodos de zinco, cobre e de um par galvânico Zn-Fe. Este trabalho revela também as limitações e dificuldades na aplicação destas técnicas ao estudo de corrosão devido à inerente reactividade do processo corrosivo, com formação de produtos de corrosão e grandes variações de pH, O2 e força iónica ao longo da superfície de amostra. Apesar das dificuldades, os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram que o mapeamento por SVET/SIET fornece informações muito úteis para a quantificação de processos electroquímicos à micro-escala. Os dados são de primordial importância para a modelação e simulação de mecanismos de corrosão, selecção de novos inibidores de corrosão e desenvolvimento de revestimentos anticorrosivos “inteligentes”.
24
Yi, Siqi. "Multi-sensor Geo-localisation for Urban Autonomous Driving." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28003.
Abstract:
Robust and persistent localisation is essential for ensuring the safe operation of autonomous vehicles. When operating in vast and diverse urban driving environments, autonomous vehicles are frequently exposed to operating situations that violate the assumptions of algorithms or lead to a loss of localisation. To guarantee driving safety, localisation systems must achieve a high level of accuracy all of the time and anywhere, without the need for human intervention.
To satisfy these requirements, we propose a novel localisation framework that can coordinate a multiple sensor switching strategy that ensures sensors and feature types are used in suitable environments. Three sensor modalities are built for global localisation observation: GPS, lidar landmarks, and visual features to provide the redundancy and continuous availability of global localisation updates. We demonstrate the localisation performance of the proposed framework in the University of Sydney Campus dataset acquired over an 18 months period.
Accurate localisation for many global sensors relies on a highly consistent long-term map. We developed methodologies to make maps for lidar landmarks and visual features that localisation can repeatedly use during an 18 months period. To enable multi-sensor transition, we developed methods to register maps of different sensors and feature types in the same geographic coordinate system. Map global drift and inter-sensor map biases are also minimized.
Localisation systems are seldom evaluated for their robustness, and localisation ground truth such as RTK is hard to obtain in many urban environments. We propose novel metrics to effectively quantify localisation robustness without requiring accurate ground truth. We use these metrics to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the application of these metrics against single and multi-modal localisation strategies developed in this thesis.
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Stofile, Simfumene. "Fixed points of single-valued and multi-valued mappings with applications." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002960.
Abstract:
The relationship between the convergence of a sequence of self mappings of a metric space and their fixed points, known as the stability (or continuity) of fixed points has been of continuing interest and widely studied in fixed point theory. In this thesis we study the stability of common fixed points in a Hausdorff uniform space whose uniformity is generated by a family of pseudometrics, by using some general notations of convergence. These results are then extended to 2-metric spaces due to S. Gähler. In addition, a well-known theorem of T. Suzuki that generalized the Banach Contraction Principle is also extended to 2-metric spaces and applied to obtain a coincidence theorem for a pair of mappings on an arbitrary set with values in a 2-metric space. Further, we prove the existence of coincidence and fixed points of Ćirić type weakly generalized contractions in metric spaces. Subsequently, the above result is utilized to discuss applications to the convergence of modified Mann and Ishikawa iterations in a convex metric space. Finally, we obtain coincidence, fixed and stationary point results for multi-valued and hybrid pairs of mappings on a metric space.
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Feyh, Markus. "Lean software development measures : A systematic mapping." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5537.
Abstract:
Context. Process improvement using lean software development uses measures to answer information needs. Measures are important in process improvement as they identify whether improvements have been made or further improvements are needed. Objectives. This study aims to identify the measures proposed in literature for lean software development and structure them according to ISO/IEC 15939. Methods. The research methodology consists of systematic mapping and uses thematic analysis. Results. Lean software development literature has become more frequently published from 1996 to 2013. The most common research types were evaluation research and experience reports. Themes were identified in measures resulting in the identification of 22 base measures, 13 derived measures and 14 indicators in total. Identified measures were then structured using a proposed meta-model adapted from ISO/IEC 15939. Using the proposed meta-model twelve models of measures were instantiated. Conclusions. Gaps exist in the lean principles for deferring commitment and respecting people. Structuring measures in models presents opportunities to identify shared dependencies in measures. Lean software development research guidelines were defined. Further research into the comparison of indicators, the industrial use of measures and the representation of models of measures is needed.
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Medwid, Mark Edward. "Rigidity of Quasiconformal Maps on Carnot Groups." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1497620176117104.
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Grift, Jeroen. "Forest Change Mapping in Southwestern Madagascar using Landsat-5 TM Imagery, 1990 –2010." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22606.
Abstract:
The main goal of this study was to map and measure forest change in the southwestern part of Madagascar near the city of Toliara in the period 1990-2010. Recent studies show that forest change in Madagascar on a regional scale does not only deal with forest loss, but also with forest growth However, it is unclear how the study area is dealing with these patterns. In order to select the right classification method, pixel-based classification was compared with object-based classification. The results of this study shows that the object-based classification method was the most suitable method for this landscape. However, the pixel-based approaches also resulted in accurate results. Furthermore, the study shows that in the period 1990–2010, 42% of the forest cover disappeared and was converted into bare soil and savannahs. Next to the change in forest, stable forest regions were fragmented. This has negative effects on the amount of suitable habitats for Malagasy fauna. Finally, the scaling structure in landscape patches was investigated. The study shows that the patch size distribution has long-tail properties and that these properties do not change in periods of deforestation.
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Bressan, João Paulo 1983. "Aplicações harmonicas, holomorfas e metricas(1,2)-simpleticas em variedades bandeira." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306776.
Abstract:
Orientador: Caio Jose Colleti NegreirosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a relação existente entre holomorfia e harmonicidade de aplicações f : M 2 (IF; J; ds2? ), onde M 2 é uma superfície de Riemann compacta, orientável e IF é a variedade bandeira maximal. Para isto, apresentamos parte da teoria geral de aplicações harmônicas e holomorfas, necessária para demonstrar o teorema de Lichnerowicz. Uma de suas conseqüências é uma ferramenta importante neste estudo, pois fornece o seguinte critério: se f é J-holomorfa e ds2? é (1,2)-simplética, então f é harmônica. Portanto, também estamos interessados em descrever as métricas (1,2)-simpléticas nas variedades bandeira. Primeiramente, no caso geométrico, estudamos a variedade bandeira complexa maximal de subespaços encaixados IF(n). Posteriormente, este estudo é generalizado para outras variedades bandeiras maximais IF, definidas através de álgebras de Lie semi-simples complexas. Ainda, demonstramos o teorema de Burstall-Salamon, que fornece propriedades da estrutura quase complexa invariante J através de um torneio ?J associado. Finalmente, exibimos as equações de Cauchy-Riemann e de Euler-Lagrange para estas aplicações, e apresentamos exemplos de famílias de funções equi-harmônicas
Abstract: The goal of this work is to study the relationship bettwen holomorphicity and harmonicity of maps f: M 2 (IF; J; ds2? ), where M 2 is a compact, orientable Riemann surface and IF is the full-flag manifold. With this pourpose, we present part of the general holomorphic/harmonic maps theory, which is necessary to prove the Lichnerowicz theorem.It states like consequence a criterion, which is an important tool in this study: if f is J-holomorphic and ds2? é (1,2)-symplectic, then f is harmonic. Therefore, we are interested in to describe (1,2)-symplectc metrics on the flag manifold.Firstly, in the geometrical case, we study the complex full-flag manifold IF(n). Later, we generalize this study to other full-flag manifolds IF, which is defined through complex semisimple Lie algebras. Also, we prove the Burstall-Salamon theorem, which gives some properties of the almost complex structure J through an associated tournament ?J. Finally, we show-up the Cauchy-Riemann equations and the Euler-Lagrange equations to this maps, and present examples of families of equi-harmonic maps
Mestrado
Mestre em Matemática
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Skinner, John R. "Simulation for robot vision." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227404/1/John_Skinner_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This thesis examined the effectiveness of using computer graphics technologies to create simulated data for vision-enabled robots. The research demonstrated that while the behaviour of a robot is greatly affected by what it is looking at, simulated scenes can produce position estimates similar to specific real locations. The findings show that robots need to be tested in a very wide range of different contexts to understand their performance, and simulation provides a cost-effective route to that evaluation.
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Silva, David Faria da. "Micronutrientes e metais pesados em fosfogesso – acúmulo, mobilidade e fator de transferência em latossolos de cerrado." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5441.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-21The calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O), phosphogypsum, also known as agricultural gypsum, is one of the major residues generated in the production of phosphate fertilizers by means of solubilization process of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid. The generation rate is approximately 4.8 t for each ton of phosphoric acid produced, and its main disposal form is the stacking in nearby the factories. However, this type of final disposal can lead to environmental impacts, such as leaching and superficial outflow of toxic elements, such as F- and heavy metals, resulting in contamination of water resources and releasing of aerosols caused by wind erosion in the stacks. One way to minimize such impacts is by recycling this residue would be its use in agriculture. The use of phosphogypsum as a soil conditioner in subsurface has been a viable alternative for the utilization of this residue in agriculture. However, it is necessary to consider the content o some heavy metals as well other toxic elements in this material, which may limit its use. It is important to highlight that the gypsum is classified as Class IIA, that is, it is neither hazardous nor inert, since it presents levels of arsenic, fluoride, aluminum, iron, manganese and sulfates above the maximum limit allowed in solubilization tests according to the ‘Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas’ - ABNT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of phosphogypsum, from a company which produces phosphoric acid, as well as to evaluate the contamination of plants, soils and drained water. Phosphogypsum samples were collected from an active stack regularly used for direct application in soil. Samples of the 30 collection points were dried in oven at 60 ºC. Afterwards the samples were sieved in 0,250 mm (sieve 60 mesh), and then analyzed. Cultivation of corn and soybeans was performed in pots of 25 dm3 containing soil treated with increasing doses of the conditioner applied to the superficial layer (0-18 cm depth). The samples of soils utilized were of Red-Yellow oxysoil and Yellow Oxisoil, originated from the towns of Sete Lagoas and Três Marias, both in the ‘Cerrado’ region of Minas Gerais. The leaching solutions of the pots of corn and soybeans were periodically collected and analyzed for the determination of heavy metals. With these results it can be concluded that there was no significant contamination of soils, plants and water drainage after the short term use of phosphogypsum. Nevertheless, it is recommended that further reapplication must be carefully evaluated, from an environmental standpoint, particularly in sandy soil with groundwater near the surface.
O sulfato de cálcio dihidratado (CaSO4.2H2O), fosfogesso, também denominado de gesso agrícola, é um dos principais resíduos gerados na produção de fertilizantes fosfatados por meio do processo de solubilização da rocha fosfática com ácido sulfúrico. A taxa de geração é de ,aproximadamente, 4,8 t para cada tonelada de ácido fosfórico produzido, sendo sua principal forma de descarte o empilhamento em áreas ao redor das fábricas. No entanto, esse tipo de disposição final pode gerar impactos ao meio ambiente, como por exemplo, a lixiviação e escoamento superficial de elementos tóxicos, como F־ e metais pesados, resultando na contaminação dos recusrsos hídricos e na liberação de aerossóis causados por erosão eólica nas pilhas. Uma das maneiras de minimizar tais impactos é a reciclagem deste resíduo, utilizando-o, por exemplo, na agricultura. Nesse sentido, o uso de fosfogesso como condicionador de solos tem se mostrado uma alternativa viável para o aproveitamento desse resíduo na agricultura. Entretanto, é necessário considerar os teores de alguns metais pesados e outros elementos tóxicos nesse material, que pode limitar o seu uso. É importante ressaltar que o gesso é classificado como resíduo sólido de classe IIA – não perigoso e não inerte, por apresentar teores de arsênio, fluoretos, alumínio, ferro, manganês e sulfatos acima do limite máximo permitido nos testes de solubilização, de acordo com a Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas – ABNT. Em vista do exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização de fofosfogesso, proveniente de uma empresa de produção de ácido fosfórico, bem como avaliar a contaminação das plantas, dos solos e da água de drenagem. Foram coletadas amostras de fosfogesso de uma pilha ativa regularmente utilizada para aplicação direta na agricultura. Amostras dos 30 pontos de coleta foram secas em estufa a 60 ºC, peneiradas em malha de 0,250 mm (60 Mesh) e analisadas. Foram realizados cultivos com milho e soja em vasos de 25 dm3 contendo solos tratados com doses crescentes do condicionador aplicado na camada superficial (0-18 cm de profundidade). Foram utilizadas amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo e um Latossolo Amarelo, provenientes das cidades de Sete Lagoas e Três Marias, ambas regiões do Cerrado do Estado de Minas Gerais. As soluções lixiviadas dos vasos de milho e soja, foram coletadas periodicamente e analisadas para a determinação da concentração de metais pesados. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que não se verificou contaminação expressiva de solos, plantas e águas de drenagem, a curto prazo, em decorrência da utilização do fosfogesso. Não obstante, recomenda-se que as reaplicações devam ser criteriosamente avaliadas, do ponto de vista ambiental, principalmente em solos arenosos e com lençol freático muito próximo à superfície.
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Dunn, Shanna K. "Analyzing Spatial Patterns in Reefscape Ecology Via Remote Sensing, Benthic Habitat Mapping, and Morphometrics." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/234.
Abstract:
A growing number of scientists are investigating applications of landscape ecology principles to marine studies, yet few coral reef scientists have examined spatial patterns across entire reefscapes with a holistic ecosystem-based view. This study was an effort to better understand reefscape ecology by quantitatively assessing spatial structures and habitat arrangements using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS).
Quantifying recurring patterns in reef systems has implications for improving the efficiency of mapping efforts and lowering costs associated with collecting field data and acquiring satellite imagery. If a representative example of a reef is mapped with high accuracy, the data derived from habitat configurations could be extrapolated over a larger region to aid management decisions and focus conservation efforts.
The aim of this project was to measure repeating spatial patterns at multiple scales (10s m2 to 10s km2) and to explain the environmental mechanisms which have formed the observed patterns. Because power laws have been recognized in size-frequency distributions of reef habitat patches, this study further investigated whether the property exists for expansive reefs with diverse geologic histories.
Intra- and inter-reef patch relationships were studied at three sites: Andavadoaka (Madagascar), Vieques (Puerto Rico), and Saipan (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands). In situ ecological information, including benthic species composition and abundance, as well as substrate type, was collected with georeferenced video transects. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) surveys were assembled into digital elevation models (DEMs), while vessel-based acoustic surveys were utilized to empirically tune bathymetry models where LiDAR data were unavailable. A GIS for each site was compiled by overlying groundtruth data, classifications, DEMs, and satellite images. Benthic cover classes were then digitized and analyzed based on a suite of metrics (e.g. patch complexity, principle axes ratio, and neighborhood transitions).
Results from metric analyses were extremely comparable between sites suggesting that spatial prediction of habitat arrangements is very plausible. Further implications discussed include developing an automated habitat mapping technique and improving conservation planning and delimitation of marine protected areas.
33
Schwieder, Marcel. "Landsat derived land surface phenology metrics for the characterization of natural vegetation in the Brazilian savanna." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19368.
Abstract:
Die Brasilianische Savanne, auch bekannt als der Cerrado, bedeckt ca. 24% der Landoberfläche Brasiliens. Der Cerrado ist von einer einzigartigen Biodiversität und einem starken Gradienten in der Vegetationsstruktur gekennzeichnet. Großflächige Landnutzungsveränderungen haben dazu geführt, dass annähernd die Hälfte der Cerrado in bewirtschaftetes Land umgewandelt wurde. Die Kartierung ökologischer Prozesse ist nützlich, um naturschutzpolitische Entscheidungen auf räumlich explizite Informationen zu stützen, sowie um das Verständnis der Ökosystemdynamik zu verbessern. Neue Erdbeobachtungssensoren, frei verfügbare Daten, sowie Fortschritte in der Datenverarbeitung ermöglichen erstmalig die großflächige Erfassung saisonaler Vegetationsdynamiken mit hohem räumlichen Detail. In dieser Arbeit wird der Mehrwert von Landsat-basierten Landoberflächenphänologischen (LSP) Metriken, für die Charakterisierung der Cerrado-Vegetation, hinsichtlich ihrer strukturellen und phänologischen Diversität, sowie zur Schätzung des oberirdischen Kohlenstoffgehaltes (AGC), analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass LSP-Metriken die saisonale Vegetatiosdynamik erfassen und für die Kartierung von Vegetationsphysiognomien nützlich sind, wobei hier die Grenzen der Einteilung von Vegetationsgradienten in diskrete Klassen erreicht wurden. Basierend auf Ähnlichkeiten in LSP wurden LSP Archetypen definiert, welche die Erfassung und Darstellung der phänologischen Diversität im gesamten Cerrado ermöglichten und somit zur Optimierung aktueller Kartierungskonzepte beitragen können. LSP-Metriken ermöglichten die räumlich explizite Quantifizierung von AGC in drei Untersuchungsgebieten und sollten bei zukünftigen Kohlenstoffschätzungen berücksichtigt werden. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Dissertation zeigen die Vorteile und Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von LSP Metriken im Bereich der Ökosystemüberwachung und haben demnach direkte Implikationen für die Entwicklung und Bewertung nachhaltiger Landnutzungsstrategien.The Brazilian savanna, known as the Cerrado, covers around 24% of Brazil. It is characterized by a unique biodiversity and a strong gradient in vegetation structure. Land-use changes have led to almost half of the Cerrado being converted into cultivated land. The mapping of ecological processes is, therefore, an important prerequisite for supporting nature conservation policies based on spatially explicit information and for deepening our understanding of ecosystem dynamics. New sensors, freely available data, and advances in data processing allow the analysis of large data sets and thus for the first time to capture seasonal vegetation dynamics over large extents with a high spatial detail. This thesis aimed to analyze the benefits of Landsat based land surface phenological (LSP) metrics, for the characterization of Cerrado vegetation, regarding its structural and phenological diversity, and to assess their relation to above ground carbon. The results revealed that LSP metrics enable to capture the seasonal dynamics of photosynthetically active vegetation and are beneficial for the mapping of vegetation physiognomies. However, the results also revealed limitations of hard classification approaches for mapping vegetation gradients in complex ecosystems. Based on similarities in LSP metrics, which were for the first time derived for the whole extent of the Cerrado, LSP archetypes were proposed, which revealed the spatial patterns of LSP diversity at a 30 m spatial resolution and offer potential to enhance current mapping concepts. Further, LSP metrics facilitated the spatially explicit quantification of AGC in three study areas in the central Cerrado and should thus be considered as a valuable variable for future carbon estimations. Overall, the insights highlight that Landsat based LSP metrics are beneficial for ecosystem monitoring approaches, which are crucial to design sustainable land management strategies that maintain key ecosystem functions and services.
34
Rizzo, July Any Martinez de. "Avaliação de padrões para implementação de modelos de dados orientados a objetos em bancos de dados relacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-19012011-141321/.
Abstract:
A questão da implementação de modelos de dados que utilizam a orientação a objetos constitui-se, ainda, em um assunto não totalmente consolidado. Dessa forma, nesta dissertação realiza-se uma sistematização relativa à implementação de um banco de dados relacional representado por um diagrama de classes. Este trabalho apresenta como foco principal uma avaliação de métricas do mapeamento de três tipos de relacionamento de um modelo orientado a objetos, Herança, Agregação/Composição e Associação, quando aplicados a um modelo relacional de banco de dados. Para isso, foram avaliados ao todo sete padrões de mapeamento desses relacionamentos para a modelagem relacional, sendo dois padrões de Herança, dois de Agregação e dois de Associação, além de análise de estudos empíricos relacionados ao tema. Ambas as formas de modelagem, relacional e orientada a objetos, são compatíveis quando analisadas suas modelagens conceituais. Assim, avalia-se a adequação da implementação dos modelos orientados a objetos em um banco de dados relacional após a aplicação dos padrões de mapeamento. Como resultado deste trabalho, é apresentada uma proposta de análise de métricas da aplicação dos padrões de mapeamento em um modelo apropriado para implementação em um banco de dados relacional. Algumas das métricas avaliadas são desnormalização, método de armazenamento lógico alinhado à estratégia de indexação, alta disponibilidade e uso de métodos de replicação, custo de acesso a dados, espaço em disco e flexibilidade e custo de manutenção.Implementation of object-oriented data models constitutes in a not fully consolidated subject yet. Thus, this work performs an evaluation about a relational database implementation represented by a class diagram. The main focus of this paper is to present a systematic metric evaluation for the mapping of three relationships types of an object-oriented model, Inheritance, Aggregation / Composition and Association, when applied to a relational database model. For this purpose, seven mapping patterns that transform these relationships into a relational model notation were evaluated, two patterns of Inheritance, two of Aggregation, and two of Association, besides the analysis of empirical studies related to the topic. Both forms of modeling, relational and object-oriented, are considered compatible when their conceptual modeling is analyzed. So this paper evaluates the adequation of the object-oriented models implementation in a relational database after the appliance of the mapping standards. As a result of this work, it is presented an analysis of metrics proposal from the mapping patterns application in a suitable model for implementation in a relational database. Some of the evaluated metrics are denormalization, logical storage method aligned to indexing strategy, high availability and use of replication methods, cost of access to data, disk space and flexibility and maintenance costs.
35
Matheis, Sebastian. "Preparation of a Class A certification in the field of pharmaceutical packaging through mapping and optimization of business processes and implementation of the Oliver Wight Class A Behaviors for Business Excellence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227771.
Abstract:
On the road to success, companies need to fulfil their stakeholders’ expectations. On the road to business excellence, companies need to exceed these expectations. Oliver Wight Inc. has established a certification called Class A Business, which shows that a company is exceeding stakeholders’ expectations and that it performs in the upper quartile in its respective industry. The Class A Business certification is awarded, once a company fulfils a certification checklist with Class A Business criteria. To get to this point, a company can design their road to business excellence by following a specific set of nine Class A Behaviors. This study focuses on four of these behaviors, divided in three parts, and how they are implemented at a pharmaceutical packaging department at Roche in Kaiseraugst, Switzerland. In addition, through employee feedback potential areas of improvement are identified. For a company to understand how it is running, it has to understand its underlying processes. Once the processes are in place, a process-oriented way of thinking can change a company to make decisions based on process’ needs rather than on individual preferences. Business processes and their potential for continuous improvement were the first part of the study. The second part of the study investigated the communication of different functions in the packaging process and how the flow of information could be improved. In the third part, the usage of operational metrics in the packaging department is researched by a user feedback survey. An innovative way to visualize meeting conversations was developed in this study to make meetings more tangible for the reader. This is a newly developed and never before described method for business research colorfully showing interactions in meetings. The results are very intriguing. Simple thought business elements seem to pose larger hurdles than would be expected sometimes.
36
Forslund, Emil. "Code Generation in Java : A modular approach for better cohesion." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11003.
Abstract:
This project examines how the quality of a code generator used in an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework can be improved in terms of maintainability, testability and reusability by changing the design from a top-down perspective to a bottom up. The resulting generator is tested in a case study to verify that the new design is more cohesive and less coupled than an existing code generator.
37
Schetter, Timothy Andrew. "A Multiscale Spatial Analysis of Oak Openings Plant Diversity with Implications for Conservation and Management." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1334089503.
38
Huang, Hao-Hsiung. "Digital orthophoto mapping using non-metric cameras." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15219501.html.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1986.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-128).
39
Kouzoubov, Kirill. "Hybrid topological-metric simultaneous localisation and mapping." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150083.
40
Richards, Whitman, and Jan J. Koenderink. "Trajectory Mapping ("TM''): A New Non-Metric Scaling Technique." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6693.
Abstract:
Trajectory Mapping "TM'' is a new scaling technique designed to recover the parameterizations, axes, and paths used to traverse a feature space. Unlike Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), there is no assumption that the space is homogenous or metric. Although some metric ordering information is obtained with TM, the main output is the feature parameterizations that partition the given domain of object samples into different categories. Following an introductory example, the technique is further illustrated using first a set of colors and then a collection of textures taken from Brodatz (1966).
41
徐泳欽. "A Large Deformation Diffecmorphic Metric Mapping Solution for Diffusion Spectrum Imaging Datasets." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57155472651017957574.
42
Wang, Feng-Liang, and 王豐良. "A Study of Vehicle-Based Mobile Mapping System Using GPS and Non-Metric Camera." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78622338471443009138.
Abstract:
碩士國防大學中正理工學院
軍事工程研究所
96
With the development of surveying and mapping technology, realtime moving platforms of surveying and geospatial information collection, referred to as Mobile Mapping System (MMS), were built. In the researches about MMS at present, acquisition of position and orientation of system use the way that Inertial Navigation System (INS) combined with GPS, acquisition of the distance and image use CCD cameras or 3D scanner. Because cost of high-accuracy INS and 3D scanner are expensive, so the construction of MMS is with high costs, and if adopt low cost of INS, it can't meet the precision demand that the system measure. This research develop the MMS that combines three GPS receivers and two digital cameras. The system is used to set up Image Matching in order to reduce the spending of manpower and cost for acquisition of geospatial information. In this studying, observations from three GPS receivers at the same time. Were used to calculate the precision of position the result is 44cm when using DGPS, another using OTF is 1.2cm and using of coordinates to calculate the rotatory angle of three axles up to 0.6∘. The proportionate relationships of the distance between the objects and interval of cameras influence the precision of measurement, in a case that the interval of cameras is 1m, the distance between the objects is 20m and 30m with the precision difference between 20cm and 70cm. In simulation moving tested, that deleted the points of distance between the objects is greater than 30m after, the plane precision reaches 15cm, height precision reaches 60cm, precision obviously superior to MMS that combine GPS and low precision INS. In the road area move tested, the camera shooting time and GPS receiving time that difference is about 0.2 seconds, make position measurement error nearly 2m, and improve measurement precision of MMS, with the technology and method of time moving ahead simultaneously. MMS can be used in collection of GIS data, for instance, road inventory, natural resources inventory, cadastral survey, measurement after the natural calamity, etc. More traditional measurement method, more accurate, more economic, have easier renewing data.
43
Bu, Jian-Jhong, and 卜建中. "Some new existence theorems and convergence theorems for nonlinear cyclic mapping in metric spaces." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07430471751675345939.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
數學系
105
Let A and B be nonempty subsets of a metric space (X,d) and T:A∪B → A∪B be a cyclic mapping. In this paper, we establish some new convergence theorems satisfying (J) there exists an MT-function ϕ:[0,∞)→[0,1) such that d(Tx,Ty) ≤(1/5)ϕ(d(x,y))max{d(x,y)+2d(y,Tx),2d(x,Tx)+d(y,Ty), d(x,Ty)+d(x,Tx)+d(y,Tx)}+(1-ϕ(d(x,y)))dist(A,B) for all x∈A and y∈B.
44
Wang, Li-Chuan, and 王莉琄. "A Numerical Study On Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping With Application On Brain Image Registration." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92472835935403425056.
Abstract:
碩士國立交通大學
應用數學系所
102
Image registration in medical images analysis is to find a corresponding map via landmar- ks, p and q which is prescribed in two given images, respectively. LDDMM is one of the most commonly used methods for non-rigid medical image registration. Computation of LDDMM is an optimization problem. It is important to find a suitable initial for LDDM- M computation. The goal of this thesis is to find the suitable initial. In this thesis, the initial of computing LDDMM is obtained from the thin-plate spline and möbius transformation, instead of original initial path constructed by Marsland and Twining. We use following steps to construct the initial. First, we find p ̂ by applying möbius transformation on p in order to perform the affine registration. Next, we use thin-plate spline method to find a lin- ear path from p ̂ to q. Finally, a diffeomorphic map is constructed by LDDMM based on geodesic spline interpolation. The proceess of computing the initial is also demonstrated. To examine the initial path, the deformation fields obtained by computing the LDDMM with different initial are listed for comparison. At the end of the thesis, we apply the LDD- MM on brain image registration.
45
Зубко, Микола Валерійович. "Застосування принципу стискуючих відображень до розв’язання рівнянь та їх систем." Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/3361.
Abstract:
Зубко М. В. Застосування принципу стискуючих відображень до розв’язання рівнянь та їх систем : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 111 "Математика" / наук. керівник І. В. Красікова. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 59 с.UA : Робота викладена на 59 сторінках друкованого тексту, містить 25 рисунків, 13 джерел. Об’єкт дослідження: принцип стискуючих відображень. Предмет дослідження: розв’язання рівнянь та систем рівнянь за допомогою принципу стискуючих відображень. Мета роботи: встановити максимально зручні умови стискання різноманітних класів відображень, які дозволяють обгрунтовати застосування методу послідовних наближень до пошуку наближеного розв’язку. Метод дослідження: аналітичний. Кваліфікаційна робота присвячена застосуванню принципу стискуючих відображень до розв’язання алгебраїчних, інтегральних рівнянь та систем лінійних та нелінійних рівнянь. Наближені чисельні обчислення виконувалися за допомогою програми Python версії 3.9.0. Результати роботи можуть біти застосовані при вивченні курсу функціонального аналізу, лінійної алгебри, диференціальних та інтегральних рівнянь, а також на факультативах з математики у старших класах загальноосвітніх шкіл.
EN : The work is presented on 59 pages of printed text, 25 figures, 13 references. The object of the study is the principle of compressive mappings. The aim of the study is establishing the most convenient conditions for compression of various classes of mappings, which allow to justify the application of the method of successive approximations to the search for an approximate solution. The methods of research is analytical. The qualification work is devoted to the application of the principle of compressive mappings to the solution of algebraic, integral equations and systems of linear and nonlinear equations. Approximate numerical calculations were performed using Python version 3.9.0. The results of the work can be used in the study of the course of functional analysis, linear algebra, differential and integral equations, as well as in electives in mathematics in senior classes of secondary schools.
46
RAFFERO, ALBERTO. "Non-integrable special geometric structures in dimensions six and seven." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2318/1557510.
Abstract:
Six-dimensional manifolds admitting an SU(3)-structure and seven-dimensional manifolds endowed with a G2-structure are the main object of study in this thesis. In the six-dimensional case, we consider SU(3)-structures (ω,ψ) satisfying the condition dω = c ψ, c ∈ R − {0}, known in literature as coupled. They are half-flat and generalize the class of nearly Kähler SU(3)-structures. We study their properties in the general case and in relation with the rôle they play in supersymmetric string theory, the conditions under which the associated metric is Einstein, their behaviour with respect to the Hitchin flow equations and various classes of examples. In the seven-dimensional case, we focus on G2-structures defined by a stable 3-form φ which is locally conformal equivalent to a closed one. We study the restrictions arising when the underlying metric is Einstein, we use warped products and the mapping torus construction to provide noncompact and compact examples of 7-manifolds endowed with such a structure starting from 6-manifolds with a coupled SU(3)-structure and, finally, we prove a structure result for compact 7-manifolds. We conclude studying a generalization of the Hitchin flow equations and a geometric flow of spinors on 6-manifolds. The latter gives rise to a flow of SU(3)-structures.
47
Chang, Chin Hsing, and 張進興. "The Baire's Theorem and Contraction Mappings in Probabilistic Metric Spaces." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91639169260245905243.
48
Lins, Brian C. "Asymptotic behavior and Denjoy-Wolff theorems for Hilbert metric nonexpansive maps." 2007. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.16723.
49
LIN, YI-CHI, and 林奕錡. "Some new convergence theorems for new nonlinear mappings on metric spaces." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mwtq98.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
數學系
105
Let A and B be nonempty subsets of a metric space (X; d) and T : A [ B ! A [ B be a cyclic mapping. In this paper, we study the following condition: (L) there exists an MT -funtion ' such that d(Tx,Ty)≤φ(d(x,y))max((4d(x₁,x₂)+3d(x₂,x₃))/7),((4d(x₂,x₃)+ 3d(x₁,x₂))/7) +(1-φ(d(x,y)))dist(A,B) 對於所以 x∈A 且 y∈B and establish some convergence theorems related to the best proximity points satisfying condition (L):
50
LIU, YUAN-LIANG, and 劉原良. "Some new convergence theorems for generalized nonlinear cyclic mappings in metric spaces." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19917770447190661454.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
數學系
105
Let A and B be nonempty subsets of a metric space (X,d) and T:A∪B → A∪B be a cyclic mapping. In this paper, we establish some new convergence theorems satisfying the following condition: (G) there exists an MT-funtion ϕ:[0,∞) → [0,1) such that d(Tx,Ty)≤ϕ(d(x,y))max{(1/4)[d(x,Ty)+2d(Tx,Ty)+d(y,Tx)], (1/8)[d(x,Ty)+3d(x,Tx)+3d(y,Ty)+d(y,Tx)]}+[1-ϕ(d(x,y))]dist(A,B) for all x∈A and y∈B.