Journal articles: 'Methyl compounds'

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Astiti, Ni Putu Adriani, and Yan Ramona. "GC-MS Analysis of Active and Applicable Compounds in Methanol Extract of Sweet Star Fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) Leaves." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.28.1.12.

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The leaves of star fruit plants (Averrhoa carambola) have been traditionally used to cure many diseases, such as hypertension and fever. Besides, the leaves of this plant have also widely been used as the main raw material in lawar (a Balinese traditional food) making. In this research, the methanol extract of this plant leaves was analyzed and identified for active compound contents. The main objective of this research was to investigate types of possible active and applicable compounds contained in such leaves, previously extracted/macerated in methanol solution. Analysis was conducted by applying GC-MS instrumentation using methanol solution. The results showed that 10 possible active and applicable compounds (Butane, 1,1-diethoxy-3 methyl-(CAS)1.1-DII, Dodecanoic acid, methyk ester(CAS) methyl, Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Ethyl Laun, Pentadecanoic acid ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (CAS) Methyl pa, OCTADECA 9.12 DIENOIC ACID METHYL, 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (E)-(CAS), Octadecanoic acid methyl ester, and (E) 9-Octadecanoic acid ethyl ester) were identified in methanol extract of such leaves. Among those compounds, Butane, 1,1-diethoxy-3-methyl and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester was two most abundance constituents with percentage of peak areas of 35.67% and 26.93%, respectively.

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Baron, ML, LL Martin, ID Rae, PM Simmonds, and ML Woolcock. "Relaxation Processes in Aromatic Methyl Groups. II. Methyl-Methyl Nuclear Overhauser Enhancements." Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 4 (1990): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9900741.

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A range of compounds with methyl groups disposed ortho and peri on heteroaromatic frameworks have been prepared, and T1 values and methyl-methyl Overhauser effects measured for them. Most of the n.O.e . Values were ≤6%, but two examples of methyls flanked by two others exhibited values of 9% (6-hydroxy-4,4,5,7-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzopyran-2-one) and 15% (1,4,5,8,9-pentamethylcarbazole).

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Raja, R., M. Suresh, R. Raghunathan, and A. SubbiahPandi. "Crystal structures of methyl 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methyl-1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexahydrothiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrrole-3a-carboxylate, methyl 1-methyl-3-(o-tolyl)-1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexahydrothiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrrole-3a-carboxylate and methyl 1-methyl-3-(o-tolyl)-3,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-1H-thiochromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carboxylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 6 (May 7, 2015): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015008063.

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In the title compounds, C23H27NO2S, (I), and C21H23NO2S, (II), the pyrrole rings have envelope conformations with the C atom substituted by the benzene ring as the flap. In the third title compound, C20H21NO3S, (III), the isoxazole ring has a twisted conformation on the C—C bond substituted by the benzene ring and the carboxylate group. In all three compounds, the thiopyran ring has a half-chair conformation. The mean plane of the pyrrole ring is inclined to the mean plane of the thiopyran ring by 57.07 (9), 58.98 (9) and 60.34 (12)° in (I), (II) and (III), respectively. The benzene rings are inclined to one another by 73.26 (10)° in (I), 65.781)° in (II) and 63.37 (13)° in (III). In the crystals of all three compounds, there are no classical hydrogen bonds present. Only in the crystal of compound (I) are molecules linked by a pair of C—H...π interactions, forming inversion dimers. The isopropyl group in compound (I) is disordered over two sets of sites and has a refined occupancy ratio of 0.586 (13):0.414 (13).

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Osarumwense, P. O., M. O. Edema, and C. O. Usifoh. "Synthesis And Anagesic activities of Quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-Quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 4-s (August 15, 2020): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4-s.4209.

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Background: Objective: The current study is aimed at the synthesis of these quinazolinone derivatives quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one and evaluate them for their analgesic activity. Method: The condensation of 2-amino-methyl-4-methoxybenzoate with acetic anhydride yielded the cyclic compound 2-methyl-4, 5-disubstituted-1, 3-benzo-oxazine-4-one which further produce a novel 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-4 ones via the reaction with hydrazine hydrate The quinazolinone derivatives quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one were evaluated pharmacologically for their in vivo analgesic activities by acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The compounds synthesized were unequivocally confirmed by means of Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer and Elemental analysis.The synthesized compounds were screened for their analgesic activity.Compounds 1,2 and 3 showed significant analgesic activity. Discussion: Compound 1 was characterized by the absence of methyl group and the presence of methyl group for compound 2. The test investigated compounds exhibited significant analgesic activity when compared with the control test sample. The compounds synthesized exhibited promising analgesic activities against . Conclusion: The compounds have high analgesic activity. Compound 3 has a higher activity compared to Compound 2 and compound 2 has a higher analgesic activity compared to compound 1. Compound 3 has a higher analgesic activity compared to the standard drugs Aspirin and Indomethacin. Keywords: quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one quinazolin-4(3H)-one, analgesic activity.

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Peter Osarodion Osarumwense, Mary Olire Edema, and Cyril Odianosen Usifoh. "Synthesis and antibacterial activities of quinazolin-4(3h)-one, 2-methyl-4(3h)-quinazolinone and 2–phenyl-4(3h)-quinazolinone." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijbpsa.2021.1.2.0027.

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Background: Quinazoline and quinazolinone scaffolds represent an important class of biologically active nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. Many marketed drugs are based on these moieties. A diverse range of molecules with quinazoline/quinazolinone moieties have been reported to exhibit broad spectrum of biological activities Objective: This study is aimed at the synthesis of these quinazolinone derivatives, quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one and evaluate them for their antibacterial activities. Method: The consolidation of 2-amino-methyl-4-methoxybenzoate with acetic anhydride produced the cyclic compound 2-methyl-4, 5-disubstituted-1, 3-benzo-oxazine-4-one which also produce a novel 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-4 ones via the reaction with hydrazine hydrate. The quinazolinone derivatives quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one were evaluated pharmacologically for their in vivo analgesic activities by acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The compounds synthesized were assuredly validated by means of Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer and Elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity.Compounds 1,2 and 3 showed significant antibacterial activities. Discussion: Compound 1 was identified by the absence of methyl group and the presence of methyl group for compound 2. The test analysed compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activities. The compounds synthesized exhibited promising antibacterial activities against the tested organisms. Conclusion: The compounds have high antibacterial activities. Compound 2 has a higher activity compared to Compound 1 and 3. Compound 2 has a higher antibacterial against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeuriginosa

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Štajner, Dubravka, Vera Ćirin-Novta, and Aleksandra Pavlovića. "Scavenger Properties of Synthetic Naphthenic Methyl Esters." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 53, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1998): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-9-1015.

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To study the scavenger properties four naphthenic methyl esters were synthesized. The abilities of the compounds to act as radical scavengers were investigated in an experimental epinephrine/adrenochrome model using enzymic and non-enzymic systems. We found that our particular compounds exhibited radical scavenger activity and superoxide-dismutase activity inhibition. Investigated compounds also showed physiological activity. In the auxin test one compound induced elongation of the wheat coleoptile by 35%.

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Aggarwal, Navidha, and Sandeep Jain. "A Synthetic Approach, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel 5-(Arylidene)-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 7 (2021): 1530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23203.

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The extensive biological potential of thiazolidin-4-one and 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties, the novel string of 5-(arylidene)-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one has been synthesized and characterized. The synthesized derivatives were screened for antimicrobial potential using serial tube dilution method. The results showed that all the synthesized compounds have significant biological activity against the microorganisms being tested. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds TA2, TA3, TA4, TA9, TA10 and TA20 against the tested microbial strains was promising. Compound TA4 (2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)-5-(4-nitrobenzylidene)- thiazolidin-4-one) and TA2 (5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) showed promising antimicrobial activity against microbial strains. Compound TA9 (5-(4-(benzyloxy)benzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) was found to be the most effective towards B. subtilis. Compound TA10 (5-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-((5- methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) was discovered to be the most potent against the Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds TA3 (5-(4-bromobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol- 2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) and TA20 (5-(2-bromobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2- yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) were the most effective compounds against the fungal strain.

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Malo, Edi A., Verónica Gutiérrez-Escobar, Federico Castrejón-Ayala, and Julio C. Rojas. "The Aggregation Pheromone of Metamasius spinolae (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) Revisited: Less is More." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 4 (May 27, 2020): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa054.

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Abstract The weevil Metamasius spinolae (Gyllenhal) is the most important insect pest of cultivated prickly pear in Mexico. A previous work reported that the pheromone of this weevil species was composed by three components. In this study, we reinvestigated the aggregation pheromone of M. spinolae using gas chromatography-electroantennography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to locate and identify new potential pheromonal compounds. The behavioral activity of identified compounds was evaluated in laboratory and field trials. Metamasius spinolae males released four compounds: 2-methyl-4-heptanone, 6-methyl-2-hepten-4-one, 2-methyl-4-octanone, and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-heptanone. In the laboratory assays, depending on the concentration, the compounds were attractive, neutral, or repellent to M. spinolae. Field evaluation showed that traps baited with 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-heptanone singly or in most of the binary or tertiary blends where this compound was present captured a higher number of M. spinolae compared to live males and the other compounds identified. In conclusion, our results indicate that 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-heptanone is the main component of the aggregation pheromone of M. spinolae. We suggest that this compound should be used for developing a monitoring or a mass-trapping system for M. spinolae.

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Ajibade, Peter A., and Fartisincha P. Andrew. "4-(((4-Methoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-Methoxy-5-((phenylamino)methyl)phenol." Molbank 2021, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): M1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1274.

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Molecular structures of 4-(((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-methoxy-5-((phenylamino)methyl)phenol synthesized via Schiff bases reduction route are reported. The compounds consist of asymmetric units of C16H20N2O (1) and C14H15NO2 (2) in orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal systems, respectively. Compound 1 consist of intermolecular C11—H11···N2 hydrogen bonding with C11···N21 = 3.463(4) Å. The hydroxyl group in 2 is also involved in intermolecular O2—H2···O2 and O2—H2···O21 hydrogen bonding with O2···O11 = 2.8885(15) Å and O1···O21 = 2.9277(5) Å. The molecular structures of the compounds are stabilized by secondary intermolecular interactions of C1—H1B···O11 and C5—H···(C41, C51, C61, C71) for 1 and H···C, C—H···O and N—H···C for 2. The reported compounds are important starting material for the synthesis of many compounds such as azo dyes and dithiocarbamate.

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Luo, Xiaowei, Xuefeng Zhou, and Yonghong Liu. "Nitrogenous Compounds Produced by the Deep Sea Derived Fungus Leptosphaeria sp. SCSIO 41005." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 6 (June 2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300606.

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Four nitrogenous compounds, including two new compounds methyl-4-((1-hydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)–3-methyl-4-oxobutanoate (1), 4-((1-acetoxy-3-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)–3-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid (2), and two amino acid derivatives (3, 4), were isolated from the deep sea derived fungus Leptosphaeria sp. SCSIO 41005, together with a cyclohexanone derivative (5) as new natural compound and other three known compounds (6–8). Their structures were elucidated by means of comprehensive 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic methods. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antiviral activities.

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Jarallah, Aziz Latif, Khalid Fahad Ali, Raied Mustafa Shakir, and Shaimaa Abed Saoud. "Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities for Novel Derivatives of 2,2'-(((1-benzylbenzoimidazol-2-yl)methyl)azanediyl)bis(ethan-1-ol)." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science 32, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/32.1.1966.

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The compound 2,2'-(((1H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-yl)methyl)azanediyl)bis(ethan-1-ol) was reacted with benzyl bromide to afford compound (1) which used as row material to prepare a series of compounds through condensation reaction, the starting compound were reacted with tosyl chloride to protect the OH group to afford compound 2, then reacted benzyl bromide to produce compound (2), then the compound (2) treated with three compounds ( 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenimidazol and 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole) to form compounds 3a,b, 4a,b and 5a,b respectively. In the another step the click reaction of compound 2,2'-(((1H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-yl)methyl)azanediyl)bis(ethan-1-ol) with Propargyl bromide produce compound 6 which reacted with sodium azide or benzyl azide to afford the compounds 7 and 8. The synthesized compounds were characterized and measured the physical properties via the FT-IR, HNMR, besides to the CHN analysis. These newly compounds were screened their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Compounds 1, 2a and 8 showed significant antibacterial activity as well these compounds exhibited either low or moderated antifungal activity.

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Fathy, Hoda M., Mohamed I. Aboushoer, Fathallah M. Harraz, Abdallah A. Omar, Gilles Goetz, and Rafael Tabacchi. "Dolabellane Diterpenes from Cleome Droserifolia." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 9 (September 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300915.

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Three diterpenoid dolabellane esters were isolated from Cleome droserifolia. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectral as well as chemical methods. These dolabellanes (I, II and III) are ester derivatives of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaric acid (3-HMGA). Compounds I and II have the second (3HMGA) carboxyl function free, while compound III is the methyl ester of compound I. This is the first report of the isolation of this class of compounds from the genus Cleome and is the first report of the isolation of compound III from a natural source. In addition, eight flavone derivatives were isolated.

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Galtier, Christophe, Sylvie Mavel, Robert Snoeck, Graciela Andreï, Christophe Pannecouque, Myriam Witvrouw, Jan Balzarini, Erik De Clercq, and Alain Gueiffier. "Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of 3-Aralkyl-Thiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]Pyridazine Derivatives." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 14, no. 4 (August 2003): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632020301400402.

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The synthesis of novel substituted 3-aralkylth-iomethylimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazines is reported. All of the synthesized compounds are devoid of antiviral activity against the replication of human immunodeficiency virus. However, compounds 6-chloro-8-methyl-3-phenethylthioimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine and 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-phenethyl-thioimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine are potent inhibitors of the replication of human cytomegalovirus in vitro, while compounds 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-benzylthiomethylimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine and 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-phenethyl-thioimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazineare inhibitors of the replication of varicella-zoster virus. The results presented here suggest that compound 10 should be considered as a new lead in the development of antiviral agents.

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Aghakhaninejad, Sarah, Rahmatollah Rahimi, and Solmaz Zargari. "Application of BiVO4 Nanocomposite for Photodegradation of Methyl Orange." Proceedings 9, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05666.

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In this work, BiVO4–graphene photocatalyst was prepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of this compound was investigated by destruction of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation results show that the prepared BVG compound has higher photocatalytic activity than the pure BiVO4 compound. This compound can degrade 98% of MO under visible light irradiation. This work indicates that BiVO4 compounds are excellent compounds for pollutant degradation under visible light irradiation.

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Muharni, Muharni, Fitrya Fitrya, Milanti Okta Ruliza, Dwi Anjar Susanti, and Elfita Elfita. "Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and Pyranon Derivated from Endophytic fungi Penicillium sp the Leave of Kunyit Putih (Curcuma zedoaria)." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 3 (October 20, 2014): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21241.

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Two compounds from cultivation of the endophytic fungi Penicillium sp of leaves of kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria have been isolated. The endophytic fungus was cultivated on 5 L of Potatos Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium at room temperature (no shaking) for 3 weeks. The cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate to afford 3.0 g of residue after removal of the solvent under reduced pressure. The extract was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CC) and afforded two pure compounds as colorless oily liquid (compound 1) and yellow crystal (compound 2). The structure of these compounds were characterized by detailed UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopic analysis and compound 1 as well as comparison with the reported data. Base on spectra analysis the compound 1 was determined as Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and compound 2 as 5-(4’-ethoxy-2’-hydroxy-5’-methyl-2’,3’-dihydrofuran-3’-il (hydroxy) methyl-4-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-pyran-2-on). Compound 1 is not new compound, but it is new for endophytic fungus from C. zeodoria and compound 2 is new compound.

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Khan, Ayad Kareem. "Facile Synthesis, Characterization of New Quinazolinones with Different Azo Compounds, 1,2,3-Triazole Moieties and Evaluation Their Anti-bacterial Activity." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 28, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v28i3.180.

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In the present research, a series of some azo compounds (5-9) and 1,2,3-triazoles derived from 2-methyl quinazolin-4(3H)-one were synthesized successfully by stepwise routes includes the following: 3-amino-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (3) prepared firstly by conversion of 2-aminobenzoic acid into methyl 2-aminobenzoate (1) followed by reaction with acetic anhydride to form methyl -2-acetamidobenzoate (2). The amide then allowed reacting with hydrazine hydrate to give compound (3). Diazotization reaction with sodium nitrite in the presence of hydrochloric acid yield the 3-(chlorodiazenyl)-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one(4). Diazonium salt (4) then enter two different routes. The first route was its conversion into azo compounds (5-9) by reaction with coupling components.The second route included formation of 1,2,3- triazole derivatives by interconversion of compound (4) into azido compound (10) followed by treatment with ethyl acetoacetate, acetyl acetone to give 5-methyl-1-(2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid (11) and 3-(4-acetyl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (12) in good yield. Newly synthesized derivatives were characterized spectroscopically by FTIR, 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR spectral technique and by determination of their physical properties. Also end time of reactions monitored by thin layer chromatography. The antibacterial potential of synthesized azo compounds, 1,2,3-triazole of methyl quinazolin-4(3H)-one has been tested against the growth of four gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacterial strains using agar well diffusion method. Ampicillin trihydrate used as reference drug. The results of the antibacterial study showed that compounds (7-9) appeared good activity.

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Shishkina, Svitlana, Igor Ukrainets, Ganna Hamza, and Lina Grinevich. "Molecular and crystal structure of methyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 1299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018011362.

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The title compound, C11H11NO4S, possesses weak analgesic properties and is a source compound for the synthesis of highly active analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds. The benzothiazine ring adopts a conformation intermediate between twist-boat and sofa. The ester substituent is turned towards the endocyclic double bond because of steric repulsion. In the crystal, the molecules form columns along the [001] direction, bound by N—H...O hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions.

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Grebenteuch, Sandra, Clemens Kanzler, Stefan Klaußnitzer, Lothar W. Kroh, and Sascha Rohn. "The Formation of Methyl Ketones during Lipid Oxidation at Elevated Temperatures." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041104.

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Lipid oxidation and the resulting volatile organic compounds are the main reasons for a loss of food quality. In addition to typical compounds, such as alkanes, aldehydes and alcohols, methyl ketones like heptan-2-one, are repeatedly described as aroma-active substances in various foods. However, it is not yet clear from which precursors methyl ketones are formed and what influence amino compounds have on the formation mechanism. In this study, the formation of methyl ketones in selected food-relevant fats and oils, as well as in model systems with linoleic acid or pure secondary degradation products (alka-2,4-dienals, alken-2-als, hexanal, and 2-butyloct-2-enal), has been investigated. Elevated temperatures were chosen for simulating processing conditions such as baking, frying, or deep-frying. Up to seven methyl ketones in milk fat, vegetable oils, and selected model systems have been determined using static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study showed that methyl ketones are tertiary lipid oxidation products, as they are derived from secondary degradation products such as deca-2,4-dienal and oct-2-enal. The study further showed that the position of the double bond in the precursor compound determines the chain length of the methyl ketone and that amino compounds promote the formation of methyl ketones to a different degree. These compounds influence the profile of the products formed. As food naturally contains lipids as well as amino compounds, the proposed pathways are relevant for the formation of aroma-active methyl ketones in food.

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Laxminarayana, E., P. Bhasker, D. Ramesh, Md Rafeeq, and B. Srinivasa Reddy. "Green Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and Anticancer Effects of 3-Methyl-2-(((1-Methyl-1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) thio) Methyl) Quinazolin-4(3H)-One." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/257rjce13821.

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compound 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)acetic acid (1) with o-aminobenzamide (2) gave compound (2-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-ethylsulfanyl]-3H-quinazolin-4-one (3). 3 could also be syntehsized by an alternative two routes scheme 2 and scheme 3. It appears from scheme 3 that it is giving good yields under green and eco-friendly conditions using PEG-600 (polyethylent glycol). Compound 10 was synthesized in two routes scheme4 and scheme 5. It appears from Route B (Scheme 4) that it is giving good yields: alkylation followed by oxidation in route A followed by alkylation in PEG-600 used as a green solvent. The total sequence of reactions has been carried out using eco-friendly and green conditions. Further, anticancer activity was carried out by using docking studies and binding conformation of active compounds of 3, 8, 9 and 10. The results show that 3 and 9 have potential to be developed as chemotherapeutic agents and compounds 3, 9 molecule showed best fit, potent dock score when compared with doxorubicin.

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Hafez, Hend N., and Abdel-Rhman B. A. El-Gazzar. "Synthesis and evaluation of antitumor activity of new 4-substituted thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine and thienotriazolopyrimidine derivatives." Acta Pharmaceutica 67, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acph-2017-0039.

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Abstract 3-Methyl-6-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin- 4(1H)-one (2), on treatment with phosphorous oxychoride, affored 4-chloro-3-methyl-6-phenyl -thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine- 2(3H)-thione (3). A series of novel 6-phenyl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives 4-9 bearing different functional groups were synthesized via treatment of compound 3 with different reagents. On the other hand, compound 2 was used to synthesize ethyl-[(3-methyl-6-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothieno[ 3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-oxy]acetate (10), 2-hydrazinyl- -3-methyl-6-phenyl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (11), 3-methyl-2-(methyl-sulfanyl)-6-phenyl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin- 4(3H)-one (12) and N-(phenyl)/4-chlorophenyl or methoxy- phenyl)-2-[(3-methyl-4-oxo-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydrothieno[ 3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-sulfanyl]-acetamide (13a-c). In addition, compound 12 was used to synthesize thieno[1,2,4] triazolopyrimidine derivatives 14 and 15 and 3-methyl-2-(methyl-sulfonyl)-6-phenyl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (16) through the reaction with the respective reagents. Moreover, the reaction of 16 with 4-phenylenediamine gave 2-[(4-aminophenyl)-amino]-3-methyl-6-phenyl-thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (17), which reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to afford N-{4-[(3-methyl-4-oxo-6-phenyl-3H,4H- -thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-amino]phenyl}-methanesulfonamide (18). The majority of the newly synthesized compounds displayed potent anticancer activity, comparable to that of doxorubicin, on three human cancer cell lines, including the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa) and colonic carcinoma cell line (HCT- 116). Compounds 18, 13b and 10 were nearly as active as doxorubicin whereas compounds 6, 7b and 15 exhibited marked growth inhibition, but still lower than doxorubicin.

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21

Azam, Mohammed Afzal, Loganathan Dharanya, Charu Chandrakant Mehta, and Sumit Sachdeva. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel pyrazolopyrimidines incorporating a benzothiazole ring system." Acta Pharmaceutica 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2013-0001.

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In the present study, a series of benzothiazol derivatives 3a-l containing pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine moiety at the second position were synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectral data. The compounds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Compounds 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2- yl)-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (3a), 1- (1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[ 3,4-d]pyrimidine (3d) and 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)- 3-methyl-4-substituted phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (3h-j) showed significant inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa whereas compounds 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4- (2-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (3b), 2-[1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin- 4-yl]phenol (3e), 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (3h), 4-[1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyri midin-4-yl]-N,N-dimethylaniline (3j) and 1-(1,3-benzothiazol- 2-yl)-3-methyl-4-[2-phenylvinyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (3k) were found to be active against C. albicans. Some of these synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vivo acute toxicity, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic actions. The tested compound 4-[1-(1,3-benzothiazol- 2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N, N-dimethylaniline (3j) exhibited maximum analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 1-(1,3-benzothiazol- -2-yl)-3-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (3i) and 3j showed a significant gastrointestinal protection compared to the standard drug diclofenac sodium.

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22

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synthesis of New Some Imidazole Derivatives Containing ?-Lactam Ring." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2016): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.2.307-316.

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In this work 5-methylene-yl - (2-methy –oxazole-4-one) (1H) imidazole (1) were synthesized from the reaction of L-Histidine with acetic anhydride and which converted to the of 5-methylene-yl-(2-methyl 3-amino imidazole-4-one)-1H-imidazole (2) by reaction with hydrazine hydrate. Schiff bases (3-6) were synthesized from the reaction of compound (2) with different aromatic aldehyde. Reaction of compounds (3-6) with chloroacetyl chloride gives azetidinone one derivatives (7-10). These compounds were characterized by FT-IR and some of them with 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.

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23

Sathya, S., S. Lakshmi, and S. Nakkeeran. "Combined effect of biopriming and polymer coating on chemical constituents of root exudation in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. K 2 seedlings." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 2141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1104.

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A study was carried out to analyze the different volatile compounds in bioprimed chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings of 15 and 30 day old. A common compound found in two stages of chilli seedlings was hydroxylamine, dimethoxydimethyl silane, hexadecanoic acid, 15-methyl- methyl ester. Majority of the compounds in bacterized seedlings had antimicrobial activity. The results on GCMS analysis revealed that, root exudates collected from 15 and 30 days old bacterized seedlings with B. amyloliquefaciens VB7 and polymer coating released more number of volatile compounds (65 and 20 compounds respectively) than control (5 and 15 compounds respectively). The root exudates of 15 day old seedling released more volatile compounds (65 nos) than 30 days (20 nos) old seedling.

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24

Végh, Daniel, Michal Uher, Oľga Rajniaková, Miloslava Dandárová, and Milan Kováč. "Preparation of vic-Mercaptoisopentanols." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 2 (1993): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19930404.

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This paper describes the preparation of some mercaptoisopentanols: 2-mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol (I), 1-mercapto-3-methyl-2-butanol (II), 3-mercapto-3-methyl-2-butanol (III) and the unsaturated analogue of compound I - 2-mercapto-3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol (IV). These compounds belong to the flavonoid group present in food responsible for deterioration of their gustatory properties.

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25

Jarupinthusophon, Suekanya, Theerapat Luangsuphabool, Thammarat Aree, Thuc-Huy Duong, Kiattisak Lugsanangarm, Prayumat Onsrisawat, Pongpun Siripong, Ek Sangvichien, and Warinthorn Chavasiri. "Naphthoquinones From Cultured Mycobiont of Marcelaria cumingii (Mont.) and Their Cytotoxicity." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 12 (December 2019): 1934578X1988438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19884383.

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Five naphthoquinones including 4 compounds with new absolute configurations, (–)-2' S-trypethelone methyl ether (1), (–)-2' S-8-methoxytrypethelone methyl ether (2), (–)-(2' S,3' S)-4'-hydroxytrypethelone (3), and (–)-(2' S,3' R)-4'-hydroxy-8-methoxy trypethelone methyl ether (5), together with a known compound, (–)-2' S-trypethelone (4), were isolated from cultured mycobiont of Marcelaria cumingii. These compounds were structurally elucidated by high-resolution mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, optical rotation, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines of the isolated compounds were tested. (–)-2' S-Trypethelone methyl ether (1) showed selective inhibition of HCT116 and A549 cell lines with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.32 ± 0.03 and 1.05 ± 0.12 µM, respectively. The binding conformation and molecular interactions including the effect of substituent modification were also revealed.

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26

Salman, Ghazwan Ali. "Synthesis of Novel 3-Acetyl N-methyl-2- Quinolone Derivatives with Expected Antimicrobial Activity." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 28, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v28i2.502.

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A series of new 3-Acetyl N-Methyl-2-quinolones oxadiazoles derivatives were synthesized by reaction of 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one 3 with ethylbromoacetate to produce compounds 4. The hydrazinolysis of compound 4 with hydrazine hydrate afforded hydrazide compounds 5. New Schiff bases 6 were obtained by condensation of compound 5 with different aryl aldehydes. The last step involves refluxing compound 6 with acetic anhydrides to give the corresponding 3-acetyl-N-methylquinolin-2-one oxadiazoles 7. All the synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among sixteen synthesized novel compounds, in which five compounds (7a, 7b, 7c, 7e, 7g) ex-hibited promising Antimicrobial activity as compared to Trimethoprim (100μg/ml).

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27

Glamočlija, Una, Selma Špirtović-Halilović, Mirsada Salihović, Iztok Turel, Jakob Kljun, Elma Veljović, Selma Zukić, and Davorka Završnik. "Structure of Biologically Active Benzoxazoles: Crystallography and DFT Studies." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2020.6237.

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Using X-ray single crystal diffraction, the crystal structures of biologically active benzoxazole derivatives were determined. DFT calculation was performed with standard 6-31G*(d), 6-31G** and 6-31+G* basis set to analyze the molecular geometry and compare with experimentally obtained X-ray crystal data of compounds. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap in compound 2 (2-(2-hydroxynaphtalen-1-yl)-4-methyl-7-isopropyl-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol) is 3.80 eV and this small gap value indicates that compound 2 is chemically more reactive compared to compounds 1 (4-methyl-2-phenyl-7-isopropyl-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol) and 3 (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-7-isopropyl- 1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol). The crystal structures are stabilized by both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in which an intermolecular O–H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond generates N3 and O7 chain motif in compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The calculated bond lengths and bond angles of all three compounds are remarkably close to the experimental values obtained by X-ray single crystal diffraction.

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28

Boyé, O., A. Brossi, H. J. C. Yeh, E. Hamel, B. Wegrzynski, and V. Toome. "Natural products. Antitubulin effect of congeners of N-acetylcolchinyl methyl ether: synthesis of optically active 5-acetamidodeaminocolchinyl methyl ether and of demethoxy analogues of deaminocolchinyl methyl ether." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-160.

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Trimethoxy-substituted dihydrodibenzocycloheptenes 4–7, required for a structure–activity study measuring the inhibition of tubulin polymerization in vitro, were synthesized by four different routes: (1) Synthesis of 4 was achieved from 2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde via biphenyl aldehyde 17, chain lengthening to propionic acid 20, acid-catalyzed cyclization toward ketone 21, and removal of the carbonyl group. (2) Compound 5 was obtained by eliminating the sterically most hindered methoxy group in 25 or 26 by metal reduction in alcohol. (3) Compound 6 was prepared from biphenyl aldehyde 34 obtained by Grignard reaction on oxazoline 32. (4) Compound 7 was obtained by reductive deoxygenation of the tetrazolyl ether derivative of N-acetylcolchinol 41. The key role of the aromatic oxygen atoms in colchicine and allo congeners as points of interaction with the colchicine binding site on tubulin was demonstrated by the lack of inhibitory activity of compounds 4–7. Optically active 5-acetamide 8a,b isomers of N-acetylcolchinyl methyl ether 2 were obtained after chemical resolution of amine 47. The absolute configuration of the optical isomers 47a,b and 8a,b was determined by 1H NMR and CD measurements. These compounds were found inactive as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization.

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29

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synthesis of New Amide and ThioUrease Compounds." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 3 (September 2, 2007): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.3.430-437.

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The reaction of some new Schiff bases ( 2-[(2-Amino – ethylimino)-methyl]-R , 2-({2-[(R-benzylidene)-amino]-ethylimino}-methyl)-R with Benzoyl chloride or Acetyl chloride were carried out. Subsequent reactions of these products N-(2-Amino-ethyl)-N-[Chloro-(R) –methyl]-benzamide or N-(2-{?-[chloro-(R) –methyl]-amino}-ethyl)-N-[chloro-(R) –methyl]- benzamide with thiourea afforded thioureas compounds. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR,UV,spectra and C.H.N. analysis.

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30

Mitzel, Norbert W. "Synthesis and Structures of Simple (Silylmethyl)(methyl)ethers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-0807.

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The compound Cl3SiCH2OCH3 was prepared by reacting ClCH2OCH3 with the Cl3SiH/NEt3 reagent. H3SiCH2OCH3 and F3SiCH2OCH3 were synthesized from Cl3SiCH2OCH3 by reduction with LiAlH4 and by fluorination with SbF3, respectively. The crystal structures of the low-melting compounds H3SiCH2OCH3 and F3SiCH2OCH3 were determined by X-ray diffraction of in situ grown crystals. Both compounds do not show any observable β -donor-acceptor interactions, but behave structurally like usual dialkylethers or silanes, as is obvious from the structural parameters in H3SiCH2OCH3 (<SiCO 108.4(3)-109.4(3)°, <COC 111.0(4)-111.6(4)°) and in F3SiCH2OCH3 (<SiCO 107.1(1), <COC 111.2(2)°). Earlier postulates of Si· · ·O interactions in compounds with SiCO units could thus not be confirmed on a structural basis.

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31

Klinchan, Chayada, Rattiya Namngam, Anek Sitsongkham, and Pitak Chuawong. "Synthesis and Study of Naphthoquinones Derivatives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 855 (October 2016): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.855.26.

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In this research, we reported the study and synthesis of naphthoquinones intermediate compounds lead to the target naphthoquinones derivatives product. Naphthoquinones derivatives have long been known to display anticancer and antimalarial activity in addition to a wide variety of other bioactivities. Moreover, it has been reported to possess antimalarial disease against Plasmodium falciparum. The naphthoquinones derivatives product (5) were synthesized by coupling with 2-(3-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1-methoxynaphthalene (4) and methyl ketone fatty acid (3). The 2-(3-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1-methoxynaphthalene (4) was constructed by 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1) in 5 steps with good to excellent yield. The synthetic pathway was started with the methylation provided the methyl ester naphthoquinones compound in 93% yields. Then, the reduction of methyl ketone by using LiAlH4 gave the alcohol compound in 90% yields. Methyl alcohol was changed to the alkyl bromide using PBr3 in 75% yield. The alkylation reaction between compound and methyl isobutyl ketone by LDA as a catalyst provided the methyl ester compound followed by reduction using LiAlH4 obtained the alcohol compound in 44% yield. The bromo-product core structure (2) was produced by using PBr3 in82%. Most of intermediate compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy technique. The substitution reaction will be carried out by methyl ketone (3) as an efficient condensing agent leading to gem-dimethyl fatty acid naphthoquinones product (5) in Figures 1. Finally, the synthetic route utilizing hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinones in 3 steps is being explored.

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32

RAVI KUMAR, Gollapudi, Chandra Rao DASIREDDY, Ravi VARALA, Vijay KOTRA, and Hari Babu BOLLIKOLLA. "An efficient approach for the synthesis of novel methyl sulfones in acetic acid medium and evaluation of antimicrobial activity." TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 44, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 1386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-2003-10.

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A series of nine methyl sulphones (3a–3i) starting from the aldehydes (1a–1i) were synthesized in two consecutive steps. In the first step, preparation of allyl alcohols (2a–2i) from their corresponding aldehydes by the reaction of sodium borohydride in methanol at room temperature is reported. Finally, methyl sulphones are synthesized by condensing sodium methyl sulfinates with allyl alcohols in the presence of BF3.Et2O in acetic acid medium at room temperature for about 2–3 h. The reaction conditions are simple, yields are high (85%–95%), and the products were obtained with good purity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectral analysis. All the title compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. Among the compounds tested, the compound 3f has inhibited both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria effectively and compound 3i has shown potent antifungal activity. These promising components may help to develop more potent drugs in the near future for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.

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33

Sheikh, Asma, Zia-Ur-Rehman, Muhammad Imran, and Zaid Mahmood. "Antioxidant, biofilm inhibition and mutagenic activities of newly substituted fibrates." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i6.12.

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Purpose: A series of benzylidene-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-methyl propane hydrazides (1-10) were synthesized and assay them for their biofilm inhibition, antioxidant and mutagenic. Methods: All derivatives were prepared by condensation of various substituted benzaldehyde and acetophenones with 2-(4-bromorophenoxy)-2-methyl propane hydrazide, which was itself prepared by hydrazinolysis of ethyl-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-methyl propanoate and were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR 13C NMR, mass spectrometry. They were screened for their in-vitro anti-oxidant, biofilm inhibition and mutagenicity by established methods. Results: Anti-oxidant results revealed that the electron donating group enhanced the scavenging ability of the compounds as seen in compounds 4b, 4h and 4i. In biofilm inhibition studies, all compounds were more active against Gram –ive bacterial strain when compared to gram +ive strain. The mutagenicity assay results indicate that the compound having chloro group substitution is mutagenic. Conclusion: The benzylidine compounds of 2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-methyl hydrazide possessing electron donating substituents exhibit superior activities to the electron withdrawing group substituents.

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34

Vimala, G., N. Poomathi, P. T. Perumal, and A. SubbiahPandi. "Crystal structures of methyl (E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-({2-[(E)-2-nitrovinyl]phenoxy}methyl)acrylate and methyl (E)-2-({4-chloro-2-[(E)-2-nitrovinyl]phenoxy}methyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)acrylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 2 (January 30, 2016): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016001493.

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The title compounds, C19H16ClNO5, (I), and C19H15Cl2NO5, (II), both crystallize in the monoclinic space groupP21/n. They differ essentially in the orientation of the methyl acetate group, with the C=O bond directed towards the NO2group in (I) but away from it in (II). In compound (I), the mean plane of the methyl acrylate unit is planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.0044 (2) Å for the methyl C atom, while in (II) this deviation is 0.0147 Å. The interplanar angles between the two aromatic rings are 74.87 (9) and 75.65 (2)° for compounds (I) and (II), respectively. In both compounds, the methyl acrylate and nitrovinyl groups each adopt anEconformation about the C=C bond. In the crystal of (I), molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds forming chains along thebaxis. The chains are linkedviaC—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to theabplane. The sheets are linkedviaC—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional structure. In the crystal of (II), molecules are linked by pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with anR22(30) ring motif. The dimers are linkedviaC—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to theacplane and enclosingR44(28) ring motifs. The sheets are linkedviaparallel slipped π–π interactions (intercentroid distances are bothca3.86 Å), forming a three-dimensional structure.

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35

Zachariou, Andrea, Alexander P. Hawkins, Paul Collier, Russell F. Howe, David Lennon, and Stewart F. Parker. "The Methyl Torsion in Unsaturated Compounds." ACS Omega 5, no. 6 (February 7, 2020): 2755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03351.

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36

Refsvik, Tor, and Tor Norseth. "Methyl Mercuric Compounds in Rat Bile." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 36, no. 1 (March 13, 2009): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1975.tb00772.x.

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37

Koshchienko, Yu V., O. V. Ryabtsova, and B. A. Tertov. "1-Methyl-2-alkylbenzimidazole organomagnesium compounds." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 31, no. 2 (February 1995): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01169692.

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38

Nori-Shargh, Davood, Neda Hassanzadeh, Meisam Kosari, Parvin Rabieikarahroudi, Hooriye Yahyaei, and Sasan Sharifi. "Stereoelectronic interaction effects on the conformational properties of 5-methyl-5-aza-1,3-dithiacyclohexane and its analogous containing N, P, O, and Se atoms — A hybrid density functional theory (DFT), ab initio study, and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, no. 7 (July 2010): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-022.

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Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, hybrid density functional theory (hybrid DFT: B3LYP/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G**), and ab initio molecular orbital (MO: MP2/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G**) based methods were used to study the electronic delocalization energy (DE), dipole–dipole interactions, and steric repulsions on the conformational properties of 5-methyl-5-aza-1,3-dioxacyclohexane (1) (-phospha- (2), -arsena- (3)), 5-methyl-5-aza-1,3-dithiacyclohexane (4) (-phospha- (5), -arsena- (6)), and 5-methyl-5-aza-1,3-diselenacyclohexane (7) (-phospha- (8), -arsena- (9)). The MP2/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G** and B3LYP/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G** results revealed that the axial stereoisomers of compounds 1–9 are more stable than their equatorial stereoisomers. In this regard, the obtained results showed an egregious axial preference for compounds 1, 4, and 7. Importantly, the results showed that the energy differences between the axial and equatorial stereoisomers decrease from compounds 1 → 3, 4 → 6, and also, 7 → 9. The NBO analysis of donor–acceptor interactions revealed that the calculated DE for compounds 1–3 are –21.50, –7.84, and –4.38 kcal mol–1, respectively. The decrease of the calculated DE values from compound 1 to compound 3 could reasonably explain the decrease of the energy differences between the axial and equatorial stereoisomers from compound 1 to compound 3. The correlation between the DE, dipole–dipole interactions, structural parameters, and conformational behaviors of compounds 1–9 has been investigated.

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39

Chhakra, Sandhya, A. Mukherjee, H. L. Singh, and Suresh Singh Chauhan. "Synthesis of Novel Substituted 1,5-Benzothiazepines Containing 1,4-Benzodioxane Sulfonyl Moiety." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2019): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2019.ajomc-p159.

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An efficient synthesis of novel 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1,5-benzothiazepines (4a-e) incorporating the sulfonyl group is described. Compound (4a-e) was synthesized by the reaction of 3-(1,4-dioxane-6-sulfonyl)-2,4-dimethyl/4-methyl-2-phenyl/2,4-diphenyl/2-ethoxy-4-methyl/2,4-diethoxy propane-1,3-dione (3ae) with 2-aminobenzenethiol with ZnOnanoparticles/pyridine. Formation of compound (3a-e) was achieved by the reaction of 1,4-dioxane-6-sulfonyl chloride (1) with 2,4-dimethyl/4-methyl-2-phenyl/2,4-diphenyl/2-ethoxy-4-methyl/2,4-diethoxy propane-1,3-dione (2a-e). The benzothiazepines (4a-e) obtained were purified by column chromatography (benzene: CHCl3, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 10:90) and crystallized from methanol. The purity of the compounds was checked by TLC using (CHCl3: CH3OH, 9:1) as the mobile phase. The structure of the compounds has been established by elemental, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analyses. Frontier molecular orbitals of the title compounds have been studied in the ground state speculatively. The reactivity of a molecule using diverse descriptors such as softness, electrophilicity, electronegativity, HOMO-LUMO energy gap is calculated additionally discussed.

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40

Vukelić-Nikolić, Marija, Ana Kolarević, Katarina Tomović, Denitsa Yancheva, Emiliya Cherneva, Stevo Najman, and Andrija Šmelcerović. "Effects on MC3T3-E1 Cells and In Silico Toxicological Study of Two 6-(Propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-diones." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 8 (August 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000828.

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Recently, we found that two cyclodidepsipeptides, 3,6-di-(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (1) and 3-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (2), are excellent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. In order to obtain more information about the toxicological potential of compounds 1 and 2 on bone cells, the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of these compounds on viability and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Compound 1 showed neither cytotoxic nor stimulatory effect on cell viability, while compound 2 showed a slight stimulatory effect on cell viability. Both studied compounds showed slight stimulatory effects on proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, an in silico toxicological study of compounds 1 and 2 was performed, and the results indicate that they have a good probability of safe biological intake.

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Sun, Li-Xin, Wen-Wei Fu, Wen Li, Kai-Shun Bi, and Min-Wei Wang. "Diosgenin Glucuronides from Solanum lyratum and their Cytotoxicity against Tumor Cell Lines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2006): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-3-403.

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Bioassay-directed fractionation of the cytotoxicity active fraction of the whole plant from Solanum lyratum led to the isolation of a new steroidal saponin, diosgenin 3-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosiduronic acid methyl ester (2), as well as four known compounds, diosgenin (1), diosgenin 3-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosiduronic acid (3), diosgenin 3-O-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosiduronic acid (4), diosgenin 3-O-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-ᴅ-glucuroniduronic acid methyl ester (5). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data and chemical evidences. Compound 1 was isolated for the first time from this plant, and compound 3 was isolated as a new natural product. Cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated and the cytotoxicities of compounds 2-5 reported for the first time.

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42

Deohate, Pradip P., and Roshani S. Mulani. "Microwave Irradiative Synthesis of Triazine Substituted Pyrazoles and Study of Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Activities." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 5 (March 28, 2019): 1087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21826.

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Microwave irradiative synthesis of triazine substituted pyrazoles i.e. (4-benzylideneamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yl)-(5-methyl-2-substituted benzoyl/isonicotinoyl/cinnamoyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-amines have been achieved by the cyclocondensation of N-(4-benzylideneamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yl)-3-oxo butyramide with substituted acid hydrazides. Synthesis of required butyramide was done by reacting 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazine with benzaldehyde and then condensing the product with ethyl acetoacetate. Structural investigation of synthesized compounds has been done by chemical transformation, elemental analysis and IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral studies. Study of antitubercular and antimicrobial activity of title compounds against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms was performed to establish the relationship between structure and activity of compound.

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43

Widyowati, Retno, Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty, Nguyen Hoang Uyen, Sachiko Sugimoto, Yoshi Yamano, Hideaki Otsuka, and Katsuyoshi Matsunami. "New Methyl Threonolactones and Pyroglutamates of Spilanthes acmella (L.) L. and Their Bone Formation Activities." Molecules 25, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112500.

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In our continuing research for bioactive constituents from natural resources, a new methyl threonolactone glucopyranoside (1), a new methyl threonolactone fructofuranoside (2), 2 new pyroglutamates (3 and 4), and 10 known compounds (5–14) were isolated from the whole plant of Spilanthes acmella (L.) L. The structures of these compounds were determined based on various spectroscopic and chemical analyses. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated on bone formation parameters, such as ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and mineralization stimulatory activities of MC3T3-E1 cell lines. The results showed that the new compound, 1,3-butanediol 3-pyroglutamate (4), 2-deoxy-d-ribono-1,4-lactone (6), methyl pyroglutamate (7), ampelopsisionoside (10), icariside B1 (11), and benzyl α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (12) stimulated both ALP and mineralization activities.

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44

Chandrima Debi and Vipin Parkash. "Influence of microbial bioinoculants on the accumulation of new phytocompounds in Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.3.0413.

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The seedlings of Oroxylum indicum were inoculated with plant growth promoting microbes (PGPMs) mainly, Glomus mosseae, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas putida both alone and consortium. The GCMS analysis of the methanolic root extract of inoculated seedlings of O. indicum showed that seedlings treated with mixed consortium of mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria and fungus showed the presence of maximum number of phytocompounds. The GC-MS analysis of control seedlings showed presence of 55 compounds where three new compounds were found i.e. 2-Cyclobutene-1-Carboxamide; Tetradecanoic Acid, 10, 13-dimethyl-, methyl ester; 1-methylene-2b-hydroxymethyl-3, 3-dimethyl-4b-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-cy. 53 compounds were found in seedlings treated with mycorrhizae i.e., Glomus mosseae, and three new compounds were found i.e., 1-Ethyl-2-Hydroxymethylimidazole; Octadecanoic Acid, 11-Methyl-, methyl ester; 4-Methyl-1, 4-Heptadiene. The seedlings treated with bacteria i.e. Pseudomonas putida showed the presence of 52 compounds and three new compounds were found i.e. Meso-4, 5-octanediol; 1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethylimidazole; 2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-dione, 2, 5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl) - . A total of 56 compounds were present in seedlings treated with fungus i.e. Trichoderma harzianum and five new compounds were found i.e. 2-CyclohexeN-1-one, 2-Butyl-3-Methoxy; Methyl 12, 13-Tetradecadienoate; Methyl 6, 9, 12-hexadecatrienoate; 1, 9-Decadiyne; 1, 4-Naphthalenedione. The seedlings treated with dual consortium of mycorrhizae and bacteria showed the presence of 88 compounds and five new compounds were found i.e., N-(1-Methoxycarbonyl-1-methylethyl)-4-methyl-2-aza-1,3-dioxane;1-ethyl-2 hydroxy methylimidazole; Methyl 8-methyl-nonanoate; Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-4a,8-dimethyl; Methyl 12,13-tetradecadienoate. 152 compounds were present in seedlings treated with dual consortium of mycorrhizal fungi and fungus and ten new compounds were found to be present i.e. 1,9-Decadiyne; 3,7,11-Trimethyl-3-hydroxy-6,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate; 3-Heptyne, 7-chloro; 3-Methyl-4-(methoxycarbonyl) hexa-2,4-dienoic acid; Benzo[c]cinnolin-2-amine ; Tetradecanoic acid, 10,13-dimethyl-,Methyl ester; Cis,cis-4,6-octadienol; 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-butyl-3-methoxy; Methyl 12,13-tetradecadienoate; 2-Aminopyridazino(6,1-b) quinazolin-10-one. A total of 36 compounds were present in seedlings treated with dual consortium of bacteria and fungi and two new compounds were found i.e. [1,4] Dioxino [2,3-b]-1,4-dioxin, hexahydro-2,3,6,7 ; 1-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethylimidazole. The seedlings inoculated with mixed consortium of mycorrhizae, bacteria and fungus showed the presence of 213 compounds and fourteen new compounds were found i.e. 3,7,11-Tridecatrienenitrile, 4,8,12-Trimethyl; 1,9-Decadiyne; 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl-, (ALL-E) ; 1-Methylene-2b-hydroxymethyl-3,3-dimethyl-4b-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-cy; 1,9-Decadiyne, Cyclobutane, 1,2-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, trans-, 3,7,11-Trimethyl-3-hydroxy-6,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, 5-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-1-(1-hydroxy-1-isopropyl)cyclohex-3-ene, 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester, (all-z)-, 1-Cyclohexyl-2-buten-1-ol (c,t) , 1-Oxetan-2-one, 4,4-diethyl-3-methylene-, Tetradecanoic acid, 10,13-dimethyl-, methyl ester, 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-butyl-3-methoxy-, Methyl 12,13-tetradecadienoate, Heptacosanoic acid, 25-methyl-, methyl ester Hexadecanoic Acid, Methyl Ester; 2-Chloroethyl Linoleate; 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid, Methyl Ester, (E,E); Butanoic acid, methyl ester; 4A,5,6,7,8,8A(4H) HexahydroBenzopyran-3-Carboxamide, 8A-Methoxy-4A-M,; Octadecanoic acid; Farnesene; Squalene; Myrcene; Naphthalene; Tetradecanoic Acid, Methyl Ester; Octadecanoic Acid, Methyl Ester; 1H-Cycloprop[E] Azulene, Decahydro-1,1,4,7-Tetramethyl-, [1AR-(1A].Alph ; Cyclohexane, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, trans (Elemene); Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (s)- (Limonene); were found to be present in this treatment.

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45

Alagarsamy, Veerachamy, Viswas Solomon, G. Krishnamoorthy, M. T. Sulthana, and B. Narendar. "Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of 1-(3-benzyl-4-oxo-3H-quinazolin-2-yl)-4-(substituted)thiosemicarbazide derivatives." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 80, no. 12 (2015): 1471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc150103053a.

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A series of 1-(3-benzyl-4-oxo-3H-quinazolin-2-yl)-4-(substituted) thiosemicarbazides (AS1-AS10) were obtained by the reaction of 2-hydrazino- 3-benzyl quinazolin-4(3H)-one (6) with different dithiocarbamic acid methyl ester derivatives. The key intermediate 3-benzyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1Hquinazolin-4-one (4) was obtained by reacting benzyl amine (1) with carbon disulphide and sodium hydroxide in dimethyl sulphoxide to give sodium dithiocarbamate, which was methylated with dimethyl sulfate to yield the dithiocarbamic acid methyl ester (2) and condensed with methyl anthranilate (3) in ethanol yielded the desired compound (4) via the thiourea intermediate. The SH group of compound (4) was methylated for the favorable nucleophilic displacement reaction with hydrazine hydrate, which afford 2-hydrazino-3- benzyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one (6). The IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectrum of these compounds showed the presence of peaks due to thiosemicarbazides, carbonyl (C=O), NH and aryl groups. The quinazolin-4-one moiety molecular ion peaks (m/z 144) were observed all the mass spectrum of compounds (AS1-AS10). Elemental (C, H, N) analysis satisfactorily confirmed purity of the synthesized compounds and elemental composition. All synthesized compounds were also screened for their antimicrobial activity against selective gram positive and gram negative by agar dilution method. In the present study compounds AS8 and AS9 were emerged as the most active compounds of the series.

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46

Olkkonen, Carola, Henrik Tylli, Ingegerd Forsskåhl, Agneta Fuhrmann, Tiina Hausalo, Tarja Tamminen, Bo Hortling, and Jan Janson. "Degradation of Model Compounds for Cellulose and Lignocellulosic Pulp during Ozonation in Aqueous Solution." Holzforschung 54, no. 4 (July 4, 2000): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2000.067.

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Summary Ozonations of methylpyranosides, as model compounds for cellulose, were performed in unbuffered aqueous solution at room temperature. The degradation of the pyranosides was followed spectrophotometrically and with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a function of ozonation time. The substrates studied were the α- and β-anomers of methyl-D-glucopyranoside, methyl-D-mannopyranoside and methyl-D-xylopyranoside. Methyl-α-D-xylopyranoside degraded more slowly than the other compounds, whereas the rate of degradation was fastest for methyl-β-D-mannopyranoside. In general the degradation of the α-anomers was slower than that of the corresponding β-anomers. HPLC and gas chromatography—mass selective (GC-MS) analyses of the ozonated glucopyranoside samples showed that monosaccharides, lactones, furanosides and acidic compounds are formed during ozonation. A lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC), containing a D-xylose unit connected to an aromatic part through a βglycosidic bond, was used as a model compound for lignocellulosic pulp. The degradation of this compound during ozonation was also investigated. The results from UV analyses showed that the reaction was extremely fast at the beginning and that the degradation of benzene structures in the lignin mimicking part of the LCC was very rapid. The degradation of the carbohydrate part was slower. This suggests that lignin provides some protection for the cellulose in lignin-containing pulps against attack by ozone. IR and NMR analyses of the freeze-dried ozonated LCC samples showed further that C=O structures are produced during ozonation.

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47

Chi, Huynh Bui Linh, Van Muoi Bui, Thi Quynh Nhu Phan, and Kim Phi Phung Nguyen. "Phenolic compounds from the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum." Science and Technology Development Journal 24, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 1842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v24i1.2490.

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Introduction: The metabolites of lichens concentrated depsidones, depsides, and diphenyl ethers were possessed antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, and anticancer activities. Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale, a species of foliose lichen, is widely distributed in Lam Dong province, Vietnam. Herein, this paper describes the isolation and structure elucidation of seven compounds isolated from this lichen. Methods: Phytochemical investigations of the ethyl acetate extract of the lichen P. tinctorum led to the isolation of seven pure compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previously published data. Results: Seven compounds, namely orcinol (1), orsellinic acid (2), methyl orsellinate (3), methyl heamatomate (4), lecanorin (5), lecanoric acid (6), and gyrophoric acid (7). These compounds were determined the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Conclusions: Compound 7 was determined for the first time in P. tinctorum, and this was also the first time these compounds were determined the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

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Ahmadu, AA, A. Agunu, and EM Abdurrahman. "Anti-Inflammatory Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves." Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine 19 (August 28, 2015): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njnpm.v19i0.5.

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Alchornea cordifolia (Schum and Thonn) Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant widely distributed in West Africa including Nigeria.The plant has been used for ethnomedicinal purposes against wounds, ulcers, and sores. The decoction of the leaves has been reported to provide remedies for bronchial problems, rheumatic pain and cough. From the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble parts of the Methanol leaf extract, two compounds namely Lup-20(29)-en-3c-ol (lupenol) and Methyl 3, 4,5-trihydroxy benzoate (Methyl gallate) were isolated and their structures elucidated. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the compounds on carrageenan-induced paw oedema and formalin-induced pain in rats showed that compound 2 significantly (P<0.05) inhibit rat paw oedema compared to the standard drugs (Piroxicam and Morphine) used, while on formalin-induced pain in rats, the same trend was observed and were both comparable to Piroxicam and morphine, the standard anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents used, respectively. Compound 1 did not show any significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to control, likewise compound 2. Thus, compound 2, Methyl trihydroxy benzoate, might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of this plant.Keywords: Alchornea cordifolia, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Methyl Trihydroxy Benzoate

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49

Kumar, Shiv, Nitin Kumar, Sushma Drabu, Suroor Ahmed Khan, Ozair Alam, Manav Malhotra, and Md Akram Minhaj. "Synthesis of 2-(3-methyl-2-oxoquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide Based Thiazolidinone Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2012): 2155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/857514.

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Twelve compounds belonging to series 2-(3-methyl-2-oxoquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-N-[4-oxo-2-(substituted)phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide (5a-l) were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for theirin-vitroantibacterial againstE. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa & antifungalactivity againstC. albicans, A. niger & A. flavusby cup-plate method. Structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis,1H-NMR & FT-IR spectral data interpretation. Compounds 5d & 5h having p-nitrophenyl &p-trifluoromethylphenyl group respectively on 2-position of thiazolidinone ring attached to N-atom of acetamido group on 1-position of 3-methyl-1H-quinoxaline-2-one, were found to be active against all the bacterial & fungal strains under investigation, while compound 5l having p-chlorophenyl on 2-position of thiazolidinone nucleus was reported as least active compound against all bacterial & fungal strain under investigation.

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Hoffmann, Gerhard G. "Synthese und Eigenschaften von Brom(methyl)- und Iod(methyl)(organyIthio)gallanen / Synthesis and Properties of Bromo(methyl)- and Iodo(methyl)(organylthio)gallanes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-0304.

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The reaction between dibromo- or diiodo(methyl)gallane and the trimethylsilyl sulphides (CH3)3SiSR (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7. Ph, CH2Ph) have been investigated. Halo(methyl)- (organylthio)gallanes are formed. These compounds and their chloro analogues can also be obtained by the reactions between the dihalo(methyl)gallanes and the corresponding leaddi- (thiolates) in the molar ratios 2:1, or from the halo(dimethyl)gallanes and free thiols. Some physical and chemical properties of the new compounds are given, and the tentative mechanisms of these reactions are discussed. Syntheses of methylgalliumdiiodide and dimethylgalliumhalides via trimethylgallane und galliumtrihalides or methylgalliumdihalides are described.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Methyl compounds'

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