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Journal articles on the topic 'Methyl bromide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Terraza, Gerbino, and Podestá. "Synthesis and Some Physical Properties of New Organometallic Compounds Containing Si and Sn Atoms." Proceedings 9, no. 1 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05687.

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: This paper reports the synthesis of two new organotin hydrides containing a (phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl ligand. It was found that the reaction of (phenyldime thylsilyl) methylmagnesium bromide in ether afforded ((phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl) trimethyltin (3) (72%), and with (−)-menthyldimethyltin bromide (4) gave (((phenyl dimethylsilyl)methyl)(1R,2R,5R) -2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)dimethyltin (5) (84%). Bromo dealkylation of 3 with bromine in MeOH led to ((phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl)dimethyltin bromide (6) (82%), which upon reduction with LiAlH4 yielded ((phenyldimethyl silyl)methyl)dime

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2

Basavaiah, Kanakapura, Umakanthappa Chandrashekar, and Nage Gowda. "Titrimetric and spectrophotometric assay of felodipine in tablets using bromate–bromide, Methyl Orange and Indigo Carmine reagents." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 7 (2005): 969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0507969b.

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Three new methods based on titrimetric and spectrophotometric techniques are described for the determination of felodipine (FLD) in the bulk drug and in tablets using a bromate?bromide mixture and two dyes, Methyl Orange and Indigo Carmine. In the titrimetric method (method A), the drug solution was treated with a measured excess of the bromate?bromide mixture in acid medium and after the reaction was judged to be complete, the unreacted bromine was determined iodometrically. The two spectrophotometric methods are based on the bromination of the drug with a known excess of the bromate?bromide

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3

Ramesh, Jagannathamurthy, Kanakapura Basavaiah, Ranganath Divya, Nagaraju Rajendraprasad, and Basavaiah Vinay. "Titrimetric and spectrophotometric determination of doxycycline hyclate using bromate-bromide, methyl orange and indigo carmine." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 16, no. 2 (2010): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq091208020r.

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One titrimetric and two indirect spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of doxycycline hyclate (DCH) in bulk drug and in its formulations. The methods use bromate-bromide, methyl orange and indigo carmine as reagents. In titrimetry (method A), DCH is treated with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium and the residual bromine is back titrated iodometrically after the reaction between DCH and in situ bromine is ensured to be complete. In spectrophotometric methods, the excess of bromine is estimated by treating with a fixed amount of either methyl orang

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4

M., R. Fathi, Pourreza N., and Abbaszadeh S. "Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of bromide based on its catalytic effect on methyl red-bromate reaction." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 83, Nov 2006 (2006): 1181–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5833041.

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Chemistry Department, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University. Ahvaz, Iran E-mail : fathiemadabadi@yahoo. com <em>Manuscript received 7 August 2006, accepted 21 August 2006</em> A simple, sensitive and rapid method has been developed for kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of bromide. The method is based on the catalytic effect of bromide on the oxidation reaction of methyl red by potassium bromate in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in absorbance (Δ<em>A</em>) at 517 nm using a fixed ti

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5

Hahn, F. Ekkehardt, Beate Heidrich, Thomas Lügger, and Tania Pape. "Pd(II) Complexes of N-Allyl Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbenes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 11-12 (2004): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-11-1223.

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The unsymmetrically substituted imidazolium salt 1-ethyl-3-allyl-imidazolium bromide 1 was synthesized by treatment of imidazole with one equivalent each of n-butyl lithium and ethyl bromide followed by treatment with one equivalent of allyl bromide. The symmetrically substituted derivatives 1,3-diallyl-imidazolium bromide 2 and 1,3-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-imidazolium bromide 3 were obtained from imidazole and two equivalents of allyl bromide or 4-bromo-2-methyl-2-butenyl bromide, respectively, in the presence of sodium hydrogencarbonate as a base. The imidazolium bromides 1- 3 react with Pd(O

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6

Basavaiah, Kanakapura, Umakanthappa Chandrashekar, and Paregowda Nagegowda. "Titrimetric, spectrophotometric and kinetic methods for the assay of atenolol using bromate-bromide and methyl orange." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 5 (2006): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0605553b.

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Three new methods have been developed for the determination of atenolol in bulk drug and in tablet formulation. The methods are based on the oxidation-bromination reaction of the drug by bromine, generated in situ by the action of acid on a bromate- bromide mixture. In the titrimetric method the drug is treated with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in hydrochloric acid medium, followed by the determination of the unreacted bromine iodometrically. The spectrophotometric method involves the addition of a measured excess of bromate-bromide reagent in hydrochloric acid medium to atenolol,

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7

Kanakapura, Basavaiah, Bankavadi Chikkaswamy Somashekar, Urdigere Rangachar Anilkumar, and Veeraiah Ramakrishna. "Sensitive bromatometric assay methods for finasteride in pharmaceuticals." Ecletica Quimica 31, no. 3 (2006): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v31.3.2006.p31-38.

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Three sensitive spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of finas-teride in bulk and in tablets. The methods rely on the use of bromate-bromide reagent and three dyesnamely, methyl orange, indigocarmine and thymol blue as reagents. They involve the addition of ameasured excess of bromate-bromide reagent to finasteride in acid medium, and after the brominationreaction is judged to be complete, the unreacted bromine is determined by reacting with a fixed amountof either methylorange and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (method A) or indigocarmine andmeasuring the absorban

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8

Akca, Ergonen Toprak, Salacin Serpil, Uysal Sezer, et al. "Health Profiles of Methyl Bromide Applicators in Greenhouses in Turkey." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 8 (2009): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n8p707.

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Introduction: Methyl bromide is a toxic substance that has hazardous effects on human health with acute and chronic exposure. Our previous study showed that methyl bromide applicators frequently use large amounts of methyl bromide haphazardly in greenhouses in the prefectures of Narlidere and Balcova in the Aegean city of Izmir. This study aims to evaluate the health conditions of these workers. Materials and Methods: Our previous study showed that there are 38 methyl bromide applicators in our study area. After the informed consent of methyl bromide applicators was obtained, a questionnaire w

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9

Yoo, Jin-Sung, Jae-Ho Ban, Ji-Eun Choi, Bong-Su Kim, and Jun-Ran Kim. "Primary Investigation on the Synergistic Effects of Methyl Bromide and 1 °C Cold Treatment for Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) and the Citrus Mealybug (Planococcus citri)." Insects 16, no. 4 (2025): 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040377.

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Since the use of methyl bromide has been prohibited globally because of environmental concerns, several alternative fumigants have been newly developed and applied to fresh products. However, single treatment with a methyl bromide alternative fumigant cannot completely replace methyl bromide treatment for some products because of issues associated with long treatment times and phytotoxicity. In this study, we compared the mortality of two agricultural pests, Tetranuchus urticae and Planococcus citri, after single treatment with methyl bromide and combined application of methyl bromide and cold

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10

Minami, Masayasu, and Yoko Hirata. "Methyl bromide poisoning." Journal of Nippon Medical School 53, no. 2 (1986): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1272/jnms1923.53.129.

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11

Liu, Hui, Tong Tong, Yingying Pu, Bing Sun, Xiaomei Zhu, and Zhiyu Yan. "Insight Into the Formation Paths of Methyl Bromide From Syringic Acid in Aqueous Bromide Solutions Under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (2020): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062081.

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Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is one of the largest natural sources of bromine in the stratosphere, where it leads to ozone depletion. This paper reported the photochemical production of CH3Br from syringic acid (SA) that has been used as an environmentally relevant model compound for terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter. The formation of CH3Br increased with the increase of bromide ion concentration ranging from 0.8 to 80 mmol L−1. Ferric ions (Fe(III)) enhanced CH3Br production, while chloride inhibited it, with or without Fe(III). Meanwhile, methyl chloride (CH3Cl) was generated in the p

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12

Kim, Bong-Su, Ji-Eun Choi, Deuk-Soo Choi, and Jeong-Oh Yang. "Efficacy and Phytotoxicity Assessment of Successive Application of Methyl Bromide and Cold Treatment on Export Strawberry Fruits." Insects 12, no. 11 (2021): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12110990.

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Recently, spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is globally prevalent and causes agricultural losses to many fruits. To export Korean strawberry, methyl bromide fumigation is required to remove D. suzukii infestations, but Korean strawberry farmers are worried about fruit damage because methyl bromide can cause phytotoxicity on fresh commodities. In this report, we assessed the efficacy and phytotoxicity of single and successive application of methyl bromide and cold treatment on an export variety of strawberry to reduce fruit damage. The currently recommended dosage of methyl bromide,

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13

Basavaiah, Kanakapura, Urdigere Kumar, and Kalsang Tharpa. "Bromatomatric assay of gatifloxacin in pharmaceuticals." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 14, no. 3 (2008): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0803185b.

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Three new, simple, and cost-effective visible spectrophotometric methods are proposed for determination of gatifloxacin (GTF) using bromate-bromide mixture, and three dyes, methyl orange, indigocarmine and thymol blue, as reagents. The methods engross the addition of a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture to GTF in hydrochloric acid medium followed by determination of residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (method A) or indigo carmine and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (method B) or thymol blue and measuring the ab

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14

Zwaveling, J. H., W. L. A. M. de Kort, J. Meulenbelt, M. Hezemans-Boer, W. A. van Vloten, and B. Sangster. "Exposure of the Skin to Methyl Bromide: A Study of Six Cases Occupationally Exposed to High Concentrations during Fumigation." Human Toxicology 6, no. 6 (1987): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718700600607.

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1 The effects of exposure of the skin to high concentrations of methyl bromide were studied in 6 cases, who had been unintentionally exposed. 2 Exposure to high concentrations of methyl bromide (approximately 40 g/m3) for 40 min can lead to redness and blistering of the skin. This cannot be prevented by wearing standard protective clothing. 3 Skin lesions show a preference for relatively moist skin areas. 4 Plasma bromide levels were highest immediately following exposure (mean 9.0 ± 1.4 mg/l) and fell in subsequent hours (mean 6.8 ± 2.3 mg/l 12 h after the exposure), suggesting absorption of

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15

Hutchinson, Chad M., Milton E. McGiffen, Howard D. Ohr, James J. Sims, and J. Ole Becker. "Evaluation of Methyl Iodide as a Soil Fumigant for Root-Knot Nematode Control in Carrot Production." Plant Disease 83, no. 1 (1999): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.1.33.

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Methyl iodide performance as a soil fumigant was compared with methyl bromide for Meloidogyne incognita control in carrot production. Both compounds were applied to tarped beds by hot-gas fumigation in growers' fields near Bakersfield, California. Methyl iodide was applied at 112, 168, 224, and 336 kg ha-1 and methyl bromide at 112 and 224 kg ha-1. Other chemical treatments included a non-fumigated control, metam sodium (373 liters ha-1), applied through overhead irrigation, and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D; 112 liters ha-1) commercially shank applied. Soil was either extracted or bioassayed wit

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16

Basavaiah, Kanakapura, Veeraiah Ramakrishna, Chikkaswamy Somashekar, and Urdigere R. Anil Kumar. "Sensitive and rapid titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of stavudine in pharmaceuticals using bromate-bromide and three dyes." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80, no. 2 (2008): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652008000200003.

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Four sensitive and rapid methods for the determination of stavudine (STV) in bulk drug and in dosage forms were developed and optimized. In titrimetry, aqueous solution of STV was treated with a known excess of bromate-bromide in HCl medium followed by estimation of unreacted bromine by iodometric back titration. Spectrophotometric methods involve the addition of a measured excess of bromate-bromide in HCl medium and subsequent estimation of the residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange, indigocarmine or thymol blue followed by measurement of absorbance at 520 nm (metho

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17

Lin, Jung-Chou, Jie Chen, Steven L. Suib, Michael B. Cutlip, and James D. Freihaut. "Recovery of Bromine from Methyl Bromide Using Amorphous MnOxPhotocatalysts." Journal of Catalysis 161, no. 2 (1996): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1996.0228.

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18

Hutchinson, Chad M., Milton E. McGiffen, Howard D. Ohr, James J. Sims, and J. Ole Becker. "Efficacy of methyl iodide soil fumigation for control of Meloidogyne incognita, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Heterodera schachtii." Nematology 1, no. 4 (1999): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508414.

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Abstract Sigmoidal dose-response curves were derived for Meloidogyne incognita, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, and Heterodera schachtii treated with methyl iodide or methyl bromide under laboratory and field conditions. Laboratory dose-response experiments were conducted in 1.9 dm3 fumigation jars in three soil types. Field experiments were conducted in a San Emigdio sandy loam and a Carsetas loamy sand previously infested with M. incognita. Muslin sample bags containing either roots or soil infested with T. semipenetrans and H. schachtii were buried in each field plot. M. incognita was bioassayed

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19

Basavaiah, K., and U. R. Anil Kumar. "New Sensitive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Raloxifene Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals Using Bromate-Bromide,Methyl Orange and Indigo Carmine." E-Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2006): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/472186.

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Two new sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) using bromate-bromide mixture and two dyes, methyl orange and indigocarmine, as reagents. The methods entail the addition of a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture to RLX in hydrochloric acid medium followed by determination of residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (Method A) or indigo carmine and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (Method B). In both methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to t

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20

Blondeau, C. M. "METHYL BROMIDE STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 255 (October 1989): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.255.39.

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21

HAYASHI, Toru. "Methyl Bromide and Irradiation." FOOD IRRADIATION, JAPAN 31, no. 1/2 (1996): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5986/jrafi.31.19.

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22

White, Janet. "GLOSSARY: Methyl bromide terminology." California Agriculture 67, no. 3 (2013): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v067n03p122.

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23

Behrens, R. H., and D. C. Dukes. "Fatal methyl bromide poisoning." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, no. 8 (1986): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.43.8.561.

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24

HILEMAN, BETTE. "METHYL BROMIDE PHASEOUT STYMIED." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 83, no. 3 (2005): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n003.p030.

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25

Chavez, Cesar T., Robert S. Hepler, and Bradley R. Straatsma. "Methyl Bromide Optic Atrophy." American Journal of Ophthalmology 99, no. 6 (1985): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76043-x.

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26

Butler, James H. "Methyl bromide under scrutiny." Nature 376, no. 6540 (1995): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376469a0.

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27

Mattner, S. W., I. J. Porter, J. L. Falco, and W. Grullemans. "RECAPTURED QUARANTINE METHYL BROMIDE: AN ALTERNATIVE TO METHYL BROMIDE FOR SOIL DISINFESTATION?" Acta Horticulturae, no. 1044 (July 2014): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1044.51.

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28

Cal, A. De, A. Martinez-Treceño, J. M. Lopez-Aranda, and P. Melgarejo. "Chemical Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Spanish Strawberry Nurseries." Plant Disease 88, no. 2 (2004): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.2.210.

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Strawberry runners are a high-value cash crop in Spain that requires vigorous transplants free of pathogens. Preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide, or with mixtures of methyl bromide and chloropicrin, is a standard practice for controlling soilborne diseases. Soil fumigants chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, dazomet, metam-sodium, metam potassium, and dimethyl disulfide were evaluated in combination with different plastic films as alternatives for methyl bromide soil fumigation of strawberry nurseries. The studies were conducted over a 4-year period, with fumigant applications prior to

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29

Bhavnagary, Haiderali M., Tirunillai S. Krishnamurthy, and Suvendu K. Majumder. "Studies on the preparation of methyl bromide from sulphur, bromine and methyl alcohol." Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 29, no. 7 (2007): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.503290707.

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30

Bangarwa, Sanjeev K., Jason K. Norsworthy, and Edward E. Gbur. "Allyl Isothiocyanate as a Methyl Bromide Alternative for Weed Management in Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato." Weed Technology 26, no. 3 (2012): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00152.1.

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Methyl bromide has been widely used for weed control in polyethylene-mulched tomato production. With the phaseout of methyl bromide in the United States, an effective alternative is needed. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to determine if allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) would provide substantive weed control in tomato along with crop tolerance under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch. Treatment factors included two mulch types (LDPE and VIF) and six rates of allyl ITC (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1,500 kg ha−1). A standard treatment of methyl bromid

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31

Hasan, Md Mahbub, M. Jamie Aikins, M. Wesley Schilling, and Thomas W. Phillips. "Comparison of Methyl Bromide and Phosphine for Fumigation of Necrobia rufipes (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), Pests of High-Value Stored Products." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 2 (2019): 1008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz319.

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Abstract Fumigation with methyl bromide has been a long established and effective method for controlling many pests of stored products, including the key major pests that infest dry-cured hams, aged cheese, and other value-added durable stored products. Methyl bromide had been widely used for the disinfestation of dry-cured ham facilities in the United States, but is now phased out of use since it is an ozone-depleting substance. This paper reports laboratory studies to evaluate the efficacies of methyl bromide and phosphine for controlling two of the key arthropod pests of dry-cured hams and

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32

Tiritiris, Ioannis, Ralf Kress, and Willi Kantlehner. "Crystal structure of 2-bromo-3-dimethylamino-N,N,N′,N′,4-pentamethyl-4-(trimethylsilyloxy)pent-2-eneamidinium bromide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 12 (2015): o1061—o1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205698901502383x.

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The reaction of the orthoamide 1,1,1-tris(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-4-(trimethylsilyloxy)pent-2-yne with bromine in benzene, yields the title salt, C15H33BrN3OSi+·Br−. The C—N bond lengths in the amidinium unit are 1.319 (6) and 1.333 (6) Å, indicating double-bond character, pointing towards charge delocalization within the NCN plane. The C—Br bond length of 1.926 (5) Å is characteristic for a C—Br single bond. Additionally, there is a bromine–bromine interaction [3.229 (3) Å] present involving the anion and cation. In the crystal, weak C—H...Br interactions between the methyl H atoms of the cat

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33

Borisova, Yulianna G., Rimma M. Sultanova, and Simon S. Zlotsky. "SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AMMONIUM SALTS CONTAINING CYCLOACETAL FRAGMENT." ChemChemTech 68, no. 2 (2024): 46–51. https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20256802.7127.

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Interaction of consecutive chain amines (pyridine, 2-methyl-pyridine, 4-vinyl-pyridine, 4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine) with bromo derivatives (allyl bromide, benzyl and 2-β-bromoethyl-1 ) ,3-dioxolane), new quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized under thermal conditions containing allylic (1-allylpyridinium-, 1-allyl-4-vinylpyridinium- and 1-allyl-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl) pyridinium bromides), benzyl (1-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium-, 1-benzyl-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridinium bromides) or 1,3-dioxolanoate (1-[2-(1 ,3-) dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl]pyridinium-, 1-[2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethyl]-2-methylpyridinium

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34

Cova, Dario, Gian Pietro Molinari, and Liliana Rossini. "Residues after fumigation with methyl bromide: Bromide ion and methyl bromide in middlings and final cereal foodstuffs." Food Additives and Contaminants 3, no. 3 (1986): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652038609373586.

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35

Šorm, Miloslav, Miloslav Procházka, and Jaroslav Kálal. "The effect of polymeric and model imidazolium halides on the rate of hydrolysis of 4-acetoxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 4 (1985): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19850845.

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The course of hydrolysis of an ester, 4-acetoxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid catalyzed with poly(1-methyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide) (IIa), poly[l-methyl-3-(2-propinyl)imidazolium chloride] (IIb) and poly[l-methyl-3-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)imidazolium bromide] (IIc) in a 28.5% aqueous ethanol was investigated as a function of pH and compared with low-molecular weight models, viz., l-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium bromides (the alkyl group being methyl, propyl, and hexyl, resp). Polymers IIb, IIc possessed a higher activity at pH above 9, while the models were more active at a lower pH with a maximum at pH

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36

Poon, Grace, Aishwarya Parasuraman, Tuti Mariana Lim, and Maria Skyllas-Kazacos. "Evaluation of N-ethyl-N-methyl-morpholinium bromide and N-ethyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium bromide as bromine complexing agents in vanadium bromide redox flow batteries." Electrochimica Acta 107 (September 2013): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.084.

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37

Jessup, AJ. "Response of 'Lambert' and 'Ron's Seedling' sweet cherries to fumigation with methyl bromide plus cold storage." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 3 (1988): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880431.

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Fumigation with methyl bromide followed by storage for 10 or 30 days at 1� retarded weight loss in 'Ron's Seedling' sweet cherries. Loss of skin colour was delayed in 'Lambert' sweet cherries fumigated with 32 dm3 methyl bromide when fumigated at 17�C, compared with fruit not fumigated and those treated with 48 g/m3 methyl bromide. Treatment with 32 dm3 increased the frequency of peduncle abscission in both varieties without serious phytotoxic effects on fruit quality.

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38

Bangarwa, Sanjeev K., Jason K. Norsworthy, Ronald L. Rainey, and Edward E. Gbur. "Economic Returns in Plasticulture Tomato Production from Crucifer Cover Crops as a Methyl Bromide Alternative for Weed Management." HortTechnology 20, no. 4 (2010): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.4.764.

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The phase-out of methyl bromide required an effective and economically viable alternative for weed management in polyethylene-mulched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). A field experiment was conducted to compare economics of tomato production associated with crucifer (Brassicaceae) cover crops under low-density polyethylene mulch (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch with a standard treatment of methyl bromide:chloropicrin (67:33) at 350 lb/acre. Three crucifer cover crops, ‘Seventop’ turnip (Brassica rapa), ‘Pacific Gold’ oriental mustard (Brassica juncea), and Caliente [a blend of b

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Bangarwa, Sanjeev K., Jason K. Norsworthy, Edward E. Gbur, Jingying Zhang, and Tsehaye Habtom. "Allyl Isothiocyanate: A Methyl Bromide Replacement in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (2011): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00076.1.

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Methyl bromide has been a key fumigant for broad-spectrum weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. However, the ozone-depleting nature of methyl bromide has led to its scheduled phaseout from U.S. agriculture. Thus, an effective alternative to methyl bromide is needed. Field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to evaluate the crop response and weed control efficacy of allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. The experiment included various combinations of two mulch types (low density polyethylene [LDPE] and virtually impermeable film [VIF] mulch) and six rate

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40

Raupach, G. S., and J. W. Kloepper. "Biocontrol of Cucumber Diseases in the Field by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria With and Without Methyl Bromide Fumigation." Plant Disease 84, no. 10 (2000): 1073–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.10.1073.

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Field trials were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, which previously were found to induce systemic resistance in cucumber, on cucumber plant growth and on naturally occurring cucumber diseases with and without methyl bromide fumigation. Seven PGPR seed treatments included single-strain treatments and mixtures of Bacillus pumilus strain INR7, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens strain ME1, and Bacillus subtilis strain GB03. In both years, in the absence of methyl bromide, all seven PGPR treatments significantly promoted plant gr

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Bangarwa, Sanjeev K., Jason K. Norsworthy, and Edward E. Gbur. "Herbicidal Performance of Phenyl Isothiocyanate in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper." Weed Technology 26, no. 4 (2012): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1.

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Methyl bromide is a common fumigant for effective weed control in polyethylene-mulched vegetable crops. However, the ban on methyl bromide in the United States has created a need to find a suitable alternative. This study investigated the herbicidal efficacy of phenyl isothiocyanate (ITC) as a methyl bromide alternative for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper during 2006 and 2007. Six rates of phenyl ITC (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1,500 kg ha−1) under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch were tested against yellow nutsedge, Palmer amaranth, and larg

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42

Jessup, AJ, and R. Sloggett. "Residues in apples and their packaging following fumigation with methyl bromide." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930499.

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Apples (cv. Granny Smith) were fumigated with 40 g methyl bromide/m3 for 2 h at 17�C, then aerated for 2 h and stored for 10 days at 1�C as a proposed quarantine schedule for export to Japan. Residues of methyl bromide decreased from 0.1 �g/g following fumigation and cold storage to <0.002 �g/g after a further 20 days at 1�C (to simulate shipping time to Japan). Statistical analysis estimated that methyl bromide residues would decrease to 0.001 �g/g after 14.2 days storage at 1�C after fumigation. Methyl bromide residues in apple carton materials decreased to <0.01 �g/g after 7 days at 1

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Zhang, Cheng Sheng, Fan Yu Kong, Yu Qin Zhang, and Jing Wang. "Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Root-Knot Nematodes Control in Tobacco Transplant Production." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2071.

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Field studies were conducted to evaluate potential methyl bromide alternatives against nematods in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Metham-sodium and dazomet were evaluated respectively under a polyethylene cover as alternatives for methyl bromide in tobacco transplant production over a two-year period (2009-2010). One genera or species of nematodes, tobacco root-knot nematod (Meloidogyne spp.), was evaluated in Qingzhou, Shandong province of China. All of the fumigant candidates were successful in controlling the pest. Another Parameter, plant vigor, was measured too. Metham-sodium 60g/m2, daz

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Rosskopf, Erin N., Daniel O. Chellemi, Nancy Kokalis-Burelle, and Gregory T. Church. "Alternatives to Methyl Bromide: A Florida Perspective." Plant Health Progress 6, no. 1 (2005): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2005-1027-01-rv.

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Methyl bromide is a soil fumigant used to control soilborne fungi, nematodes, and weeds in a wide range of agricultural, horticultural, and ornamental cropping systems. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 called for the phase-out of methyl bromide due to its ability to deplete atmospheric ozone, thus disrupting the UV protective ozone layer. This article reviews the current status of the on-going methyl bromide phase-out from the perspective of agriculture in Florida. Accepted for publication 27 September 2005. Published 27 October 2005.

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Kelley, William Terry, and David B. Langston. "PLASTIC MULCHED BED WIDTH EFFECTS ON PEPPER AND CANTALOUPE YEILD." HortScience 41, no. 3 (2006): 507C—507. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.507c.

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The phase out of methyl bromide has precipitated a need to reduce usage of the all purpose fumigant. Reduction in methyl bromide use can extend the life of existing stocks and make it more likely to continue critical use exemption for future production. Traditional widths for plastic mulch covered beds in Georgia ranges from 32 to 36 inches. By reducing bed top widths, it could be possible to reduce the amount of methyl bromide applied by as much as 60%. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of narrower bed tops and lower rates of methyl bromide on pepper and cantaloupe grow

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Rajendran, S. "Selection for resistance to phosphine or methyl bromide in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, no. 1 (1992): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530005152x.

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AbstractThe build-up of resistance to phosphine and methyl bromide in the developmental stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) after six selections in successive generations was investigated in the laboratory at 25 ± 1°C. Responses of the life stages of the fumigant-selected insects were compared with those of untreated controls with a 24 h exposure and mortality was assessed after 14 days. Phosphine induced the development of resistance irrespective of the life stage chosen for selection. The onset of phosphine resistance was noted after the first selection but the levels of resistance attain

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South, David B. "Chloropicrin as a Soil Fumigation Treatment in Southern Pine Nurseries." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 31, no. 1 (2007): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/31.1.47.

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Abstract Because of concerns over the ozone layer, the annual amount of methyl bromide used for soil fumigation for crop production is decreasing. A promising alternative soil fumigation treatment involves applying 300 lb/ac of chloropicrin (CCl3NO2) under a plastic tarp. Although this soil fumigant does not control weeds as well as an equivalent amount of methyl bromide, chloropicrin is an effective strategy for controlling many soilborne pests. The total amount of chloropicrin used for fumigation in southern pine nurseries will likely increase as use of methyl bromide fumigation declines.

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Rhew, Robert C., Benjamin R. Miller, Martin K. Vollmer, and Ray F. Weiss. "Shrubland fluxes of methyl bromide and methyl chloride." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106, no. D18 (2001): 20875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000413.

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South, David B., William A. Carey, and Scott A. Enebak. "Chloropicrin as a soil fumigant in forest nurseries." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 4 (1997): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73489-4.

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Chloropicrin has been tested as a soil fumigant in forest nurseries throughout the world. From 1944 to the late 1960's, tests were conducted in Australia, Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. Since 1985, studies have been conducted in Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, chloropicrin reduced soilborne pathogens as effectively as twice as much methyl bromide. Advantages of chloropicrin as a soil fumigant in southern pine nurseries include: efficacy similar to methyl bromide (in regards to reduction

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Adler, T. "Methyl Bromide Doesn't Stick Around." Science News 148, no. 18 (1995): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4018258.

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