Journal articles on the topic 'Methos of sowing'
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1
Penrose, L. D. J., and R. H. Martin. "Comparison of winter habit and photoperiod sensitivity in delaying development in early-sown wheat at a site in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 2 (1997): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96018.
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Summary. This study compared 2 mechanisms that delay the development of early-sown wheat, winter habit and sensitivity to photoperiod. To conduct this study, ear emergence dates were recorded for serial sowings of 15 wheats over 4 consecutive years at Temora, New South Wales, comprising 36 sowings in total. Ear emergence was measured as day of the year, and in both thermal and photothermal time from sowing. The timing of ear emergence was first considered in 3 wheats that were insensitive to photoperiod and vernalisation. In contrast to thermal time, the duration from sowing to ear emergence did not vary with sowing time when measured in photothermal units. Such a measurement is essential for the study of mechanisms whose effect in delaying development is a function of sowing time. These results were obtained using a more simply calculated measure of photothermal time than has been previously reported. For early-sown wheat, winter habit was found to more strongly delay ear emergence and provide greater flexibility in sowing time than responsiveness to photoperiod. Our study provided evidence that winter habit is a more attractive method of delaying ear emergence in early-sown wheat than photoperiod sensitivity. This finding supports the continued breeding of winter wheats for early sowings in the south-central wheat belt of New South Wales.
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Bellotti, WD, and GJ Blair. "The influence of sowing method on perennial grass establishment. III. Survival and growth of emerged seedlings." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890323.
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'Demeter' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and 'Victorian' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were sown separately into a white clover (Trifolium repens L.) dominant pasture in June 198 1. Eight sowing methods were compared to assess the survival and growth of perennial grasses sown by direct drill sowing methods relative to conventional seedbed and aerial sowing methods. Within direct drill treatments, two drill implements were factorially combined with three herbicide treatments. Sown seedling density decline was approximately linear from the maximum emerged density at 50 days after sowing to the established plant density at 250 days. Established ryegrass density ranged from 104.9 plants m-2 in the cultivated seedbed to 30.0 plants m-2 in the aerial plus herbicide method. Established plant density of fescue in the direct drill sowings was higher for the plus herbicide treatments (56.6-61.6 plants m-2) compared with the minus herbicide treatments (0-6.6 plants m-2). Seedling growth was severely reduced when seeds were direct drilled into unsprayed vegetation. Fescue seedlings in these treatments had failed to develop tillers by 250 days. The distribution of an index of individual seedling size was highly skewed towards smaller seedlings in the direct drill minus herbicide treatments indicating a high level of stress in these treatments. Competition from the unsprayed resident sward was intense and occurred at a very early stage in seedling development. Promotion of rapid early seedling growth through cultivation or herbicides enhanced survival of sown perennial grasses.
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McEwen, J., D. P. Yeoman, and R. Moffitt. "Effects of seed rates, sowing dates and methods of sowing on autumn-sown field beans (Vicia faba L.)." Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no. 2 (April 1988): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600081387.
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SummaryExperiments harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1986 tested the effects of combinations of three seed rates (12, 24 and 36 seeds sown/m2), with three sowing dates (late September and approximately 28 and 56 days later) and two sowing methods (conventionally drilled and ploughed-in after broadcasting) on field beans grown on Clay-with-Flints soil at Rothamsted.Grain yield was always largest with the earliest sowing, smallest with the latest. The seed rate needed to achieve the largest yields increased with lateness of sowing. For September sowings the smallest seed rate was sufficient in 1984 and 1985 but 24 seeds/m2 were needed in 1986 when the exceptionally severe winter killed many plants. In all years 36 seeds/m2 were needed for the latest sowing date.Ploughing-in the seed gave an average benefit to grain yield, relative to conventional drilling, of 0·3 t/ha but the benefit increased to about 2 t/ha for the latest sowing for the 1986 harvest.The earliest sowing advanced flowering date by 2 weeks relative to the latest but did not affect harvest date. Early sowing did not increase susceptibility to winter kill and only slightly increased the risk of chocolate spot disease (Botrytis fabae Sard.).In all years the largest yields came from combinations of treatments which led to about 35–50 pod-bearing stems per m2 at maturity. The best combinations of treatments gave grain yields of 5·6, 50 and 62 t/ha in the 3 years respectively. These reflect the benefits of correct combinations of agronomic treatments and were probably also the result of good control of pests and pathogens.
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Tilekar, R. N., V. G. Chavan, B. L. Kumhar, G. K. Bahure, and V. N. Gamme. "Effect of sowing dates and establishment methods on growth and yield of kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under lateritic soil." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 4, no. 01 (June 18, 2019): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2019.4.1.19.
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The present investigation entitled “Effect of sowing dates and establishment methods on growth and yield of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under lateritic soil” was conducted at Agronomy Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during kharif season of 2015. The results revealed that, groundnut crop sown in 23rd MW with broad bed furrow method of sowing produced higher growth and yield attributes as compared to other sowing dates and establishment methods respectively. The crop sown in 23rd MW recorded highest kernel (17.25 q ha-1) and haulm (40.25 q ha-1) yield over remaining sowing dates also broad bed furrow method of sowing produced highest kernel (16.81 q ha-1) and haulm (38.86 q ha-1) yield as compared to flatbed method of sowing.
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Rahman, MM, KU Ahammad, and M. Ahmed. "Effect of seed priming on maize (Zea mays L.) seedling emergence under different sowing dates." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 4 (March 12, 2015): 693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22549.
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The experiment was carried out at the research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore during 2009-10 and 2010-2011 to find out the effect of priming and ambient temperatures due to different sowing dates on emergence of maize seedlings. The experiment consisted of two priming methods viz., i) Priming, ii) Non-priming, and ten sowing dates viz., i) 15 November, ii) 30 November, iii) 15 December iv) 30 December v) 14 January vi) 29 January vii) 13 February viii) 28 February, ix) 15 March, and x) 30 March. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time and dry matter/plant were influenced significantly by priming. The highest germination percentage, germination index, dry matter/plant and lowest mean germination time were recorded from primed seed sown in March followed by February and November sowings but those were very poor in December and January sowings. So, primed seeds should be sown in November and February for better stand establishment of maize. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22549 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 693-707, December 2014
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Riaz, Atif, Mudassir Aziz, Abdul Ghaffar, Wazir Ahmed, Khuram Mubeen, and Muhammad Usman. "Evaluation of differnt sowing methods for enhancing productivity and water use efficiency of wheat under limited water condition." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 10, no. 1 (June 11, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.010.01.3522.
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Drought is a serious threat for food security worldwide. Wheat is most popular staple crop of world severely affected by drought at water sensitive crop growth stages. Selection of appropriate sowing method is very important for improving water use efficiency. A field trial was conducted in winter season of 2018-19 to investigate the impact of different sowing methods on water use efficiency of spring wheat exposed to water deficit at anthesis. Wheat was sown with three different sowing methods viz. broadcast sowing, drill sowing and augmented furrow sowing and two different irrigation regimes i.e. normal irrigation and water deficit at anthesis stage. All agronomic practices were kept uniform throughout the experiment. Different sowing methods and irrigation regimes significantly affected grain and straw yield of wheat. Among different sowing methods, wheat crop sown with augmented furrow method produced maximum plant height (111 cm), no. of tillers per m2 (427), 1000 grain weight (37.93 g), grain yield (4.73 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.24 t ha-1). Maximum irrigation water use efficiency (17.72 kg ha-1 mm-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.34) was recorded in augmented furrow method of sowing of wheat exposed to water deficit at anthesis stage.
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Bellotti, WD, and GJ Blair. "The influence of sowing method on perennial grass establishment. I. Dry matter yield and botanical composition." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890301.
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'Demeter' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and 'Victorian' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were sown separately into a white clover (Trifolium repens L.) dominant pasture in June 1981. Eight sowing methods were compared to assess the ability of perennial grasses to establish from direct drill sowing methods relative to conventional seedbed and aerial sowing methods. Within direct drill treatments, two drill implements were factorially combined with three herbicide treatments. Pasture production and botanical composition were sampled over a 27 month period following sowing. After a dry summer, 22 months after sowing, sown grasses dominated pasture composition (69-94% of total dry matter yield) in the high yielding treatments. At this time, the successful direct drill treatments were similar in yield to the conventional seedbed treatment. Within direct drill treatments, sowing implement had little effect on yield and composition, whereas herbicide application markedly increased sown grass yield. Pre-sowing blanket application of herbicide in the triple disc treatment increased tall fescue yield from 82 to 1504 kg ha-1 and perennial ryegrass yield from 98 to 807 kg ha-1. An inverse relationship was described between dry matter present at sowing and eventual yield of sown grasses. These perennial grasses can be successfully established by using direct drill sowing methods provided resident vegetation is adequately suppressed.
8
Bellotti, WD, and GJ Blair. "The influence of sowing method on perennial grass establishment. II. Seedbed microenvironment, germination and emergence." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890313.
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'Demeter' tall fescue (Festuca amndinacea Schreb.) and 'Victorian' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were sown separately into a white clover (Trifolium repens L.) dominant pasture. Eight sowing methods were compared to assess the ability of perennial grasses to germinate and emerge from direct drill sowing methods relative to conventional seedbed and aerial sowing methods. Within direct drill treatments, two drill implements were factorially combined with three herbicide treatments. Soil temperature and moisture conditions were cold and moist, but generally adequate for emergence of temperate pasture species. In-groove soil moisture content was always greatest in the disc plus herbicide treatment. Differences in seed level soil temperatures were minor, although diurnal fluctuations were greatest in the aerial plus herbicide treatment. Emergence of ryegrass at 50 days after sowing was similar in all sowing methods (67.9-93.9% viable seed sown) except for the aerial plus herbicide and disc plus band herbicide methods (23.4 and 44.0% of viable seed sown). There was a wide range of emergence percentages for fescue at 50 days after sowing (17.8-69.2% viable seed sown) and again the aerial plus herbicide treatment was lowest. One-pass, band spraying of a paraquat.diquat plus dicamba herbicide mixture at the time of sowing impaired the germination percentage of ryegrass seeds sown with the disc drill. Apart from the aerial plus herbicide treatment, sufficient seedlings passed through the germination/emergence filter in all direct drill and cultivated seedbed treatments to provide for a productive grass-based pasture.
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Bell, L. W., G. A. Moore, M. A. Ewing, and S. J. Bennett. "Establishment and summer survival of the perennial legumes, Dorycnium hirsutum and D. rectum in Mediterranean environments." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 10 (2005): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04227.
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The genus Dorycnium has been identified for its potential use as a forage plant for southern Australia, but little is known about factors affecting establishment and survival. This investigation examined some factors affecting the establishment of D. hirsutum and D. rectum in Mediterranean environments of south-west Western Australia. The population dynamics of D. hirsutum and D. rectum seedlings were investigated during the summer drought in 4 environments. The effect of time of sowing on establishment and survival of D. hirsutum was tested as a management option for improving establishment of these species. Poor seedling performance was observed in both Dorycnium species. Less than 20% of D. rectum plants survived the summer drought at all locations, compared with >50% for D. hirsutum seedlings. Poor seedling vigour coupled with weed competition resulted in low plant numbers at 2 sites. Compared with autumn sowings, populations of D. hirsutum sown in August and September had lower plant densities before summer due to poorer seedling emergence. Plant numbers declined during the summer in all plots, but losses were greatest in those sown in September. In both experiments, small D. hirsutum plants survived in plots where little competition was present. Improvements in seedling vigour may be possible with plant breeding but establishment methods that reduce weed competition are valuable. Spring sowing may enable effective weed control before seeding, but later sowings run the risk of reducing seedling emergence and survival.
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Schmidt, CP, and RK Belford. "A comparison of different tillage-seeding systems: the interaction of tillage and time of sowing on sandplain soils in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930895.
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The effects of tillage-seeding method and 2 times of sowing on yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were examined on the sandplain soils in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia. Four methods were compared: sowing after cultivation, sowing followed by deep ripping, direct drilling (i.e. single-pass seeding with a tined drill), sowing with a new cultivation depth modified drill (CDM) modified to cultivate up to 14 cm deep while sowing at 4 cm. Crops direct-drilled with the CDM produced more grain than crops established with conventional direct drilling or 'crops sown later using the cultivate-sow method and had similar yields to late-sown deep-ripped crops, where appropriate cultivars were used. Early sowing followed by deep ripping produced the highest grain yield. However, increasing the depth of soil disturbance while sowing early with the CDM in a 1-pass system resulted in a progressive increase in grain yield. When the cost of the extra ripping or cultivation operation is taken into account, early direct drilling with the CDM drill is likely to be more profitable than either conventional direct drilling or sowing with deep ripping or cultivation.
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Darby, R. J., and D. P. Yeoman. "Effects of methods of cereal straw disposal, seedbed preparation and sowing method on the establishment, yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)." Journal of Agricultural Science 122, no. 3 (June 1994): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600067320.
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SUMMARYIn the first of two series of experiments the effects of barley straw disposal by burning, chopping and spreading or baling and removing on winter oilseed rape were tested after seedbed preparation either by ploughing in the residue or incorporation in the soil by tine cultivation. These treatments were compared in four field experiments on silty clay loam soils at Rothamsted, UK from 1986 to 1989. The winter rape was either sown in late August or mid-September in seedbeds where either none or 50 kg N/ha had been applied.In the first season, August-sown rape was successfully established after tine cultivation but very dry conditions prevented seedbed preparation after ploughing, consequently all ploughed treatments were sown in September. Continuing dry conditions delayed emergence of the September-sown crop, the resultant small rape seedlings suffered substantial winter kill in some treatments during a period of abnormally low temperatures. Yield from the August-sown treatments was large (c. 40 t/ha) and showed no effect of straw disposal treatment or additional seedbed N. The yield of the September-sown crop was influenced by the amount of winter kill sustained; the smallest yields resulted from tine incorporation, and the largest after ploughing, where they approached those of the early sown crop.In the following three seasons more plants emerged from September than from August sowings. The application of seedbed N increased the plant population of the August-sown crop where the straw had been burnt. Plant losses over winter ranged from 15 to 20% and were unaffected by straw disposal treatment. There were significant differences in yield resulting from season and sowing date. Incorporating chopped straw by tine cultivation significantly decreased yield which, coupled with a lower oil content in the September-sown crop, gave a significantly smaller oil yield.In a second series of field experiments from 1987 to 1989, the effects of improving the timeliness of rape establishment after winter wheat by broadcasting rape seed into standing wheat was compared with conventional sowing after preparing a post-harvest seedbed. After cereal harvest, straw was disposed of either by baling and removing or chopping and spreading over the rape seed. The application of 50 kg N/ha to the stubble or seedbed was also tested, as was the effect of increasing the seed rate from 8 to 16 kg/ha in two seasons.There were always fewer plants established from broadcasting than from drilling. Generally there were fewer winter losses from broadcast seed than from drilled. Applying N to seedbed or stubble had no effect on plant population or survival except where 16 kg/ha seed was sown in 1989 and increased yield in two of the three seasons.In spite of a smaller plant population from broadcast seed, yields were often larger from broadcast than drilled treatments. On average broadcasting the seed and baling the straw gave the largest yield although this was significant only in 1989.
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Kurhak, V. H., S. M. Panasyuk, and N. M. Asanishvili. "Influence of perennial legumes on the productivity of meadow phytocenoses." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_298.
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We investigated the effectiveness of soil liming during grass sowing and application of inoculation of perennial legume grass seeds with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing preparations. Methods. Field studies were conducted during 2016-2020 in the National Scientific Center "Institute of Farming of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine" (northern part of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine, Chabany settlement, Kiev-Svyatoshinsky district of Kyiv region). Area of the sowing plot was 30 m2, control plot - 25 m². Repetition of experience four times. Technology of cultivation of perennial grasses and their mixtures was generally accepted. Nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate containing 34% of active substance, phosphorus as simple superphosphate (18.7%) and potassium as potassium chloride (60%) were applied annually in early spring according to the experimental scheme. Liming was carried out by the lime application under pre-sowing cultivation during perennial grass sowing in a dose of 5 t/ha. Seeds of perennial legume grasses were inoculated with the strains of nodule bacteria, according to the technological instructions, immediately before the sowing. Dry weight content was determined by thermostatic weight method at 105 °C. Green mass yield was accounted by weight method, by weighing with subsequent recalculation of yield from 1 ha of dry weight. Results. The productivity of monogenic sowings of perennial leguminous grasses and their mixtures with awnless bromegrass in the variant without fertilization varied within the range of 5.12-8.38 tons, which is 1.7-2.5 times higher compared to the cereal grass stand which was formed from monogenic sowings of awnless bromegrass, for the five years on the average and for the yield from 1 ha of dry weight. The highest productivity and the level of accumulation of symbiotic nitrogen (191-266 kg/ha) were obtained in agrocenoses with alfalfa and the lowest one - with meadow clover.
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Nabiyev, T. S. "ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SQUARE-NESTING METHOD OF COTTON SOWING." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-03-02.
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The article considers the advantages of square-nest sowing compared to other methods of sowing cotton seeds. Square-nest sowing, along with increasing the area of cotton seed nutrition, reduces seed consumption and makes it possible to conduct cross-cultivation during the growing season of cotton. For this purpose, the issue of constructing a new mechanism in the seeder is being considered in the future.
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Singh, Lokendra, and Tulsi Parajuli. "Changes in Seed Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in relation to the Seed Rate and Method of Sowing." International Journal of Environment 9, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32499.
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Inappropriate seed rate and sowing method contribute a significant role in low productivity of sunflowers. So, a study was conducted to assess the effect of different seed rates and sowing methods on the yield of sunflower in Ghodaghodi Municipality ward no. 2, Sandepani, far-west province, Kailali, Nepal, during spring season in 2018. The three different seed rates (8 Kg/ha, 10 Kg/ha and 12 Kg/ha) combined with three different sowing methods (broadcasting, line sowing and ridge sowing). A randomized complete block design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement with three replicates per treatment was applied. The indigenous variety of sunflower was used as a test crop. The highest stem diameter was recorded with the lowest seed rate, which remained unaffected by different sowing methods. Head diameter, seeds per head and thousand-grain weight were maximum in plants receiving seed rate of 8 kg/ha. However, the highest (2.13 t/ha) and the lowest (1.76 t/ha) grain yield were achieved with the seed rates of 10 kg/ha and 12 Kg/ha, respectively. Regarding sowing methods, head diameter, seeds per head, thousand-grain weight and grain yield (2.68 t/ha) obtained in the ridge method were statistically superior over those, obtained in line and broadcasting methods. The interaction effect of seed rate and sowing method on seeds per head suggested that maximum seeds per head were obtained with 8 kg/ha seed sown in the ridge. Our study recommended 8 kg/ha seed rate and ridge sowing of sunflower performed best in grain yield.
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Kaur, Amandeep, and Ramandeep Kaur. "Effect of planting methods on growth, yield, quality and economics of maize (Zea mays L.)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.2/881-887.
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The optimum time for sowing of Kharif maize in northern India is from last week of May to end of June. This period is characterized by a high evaporative demand due to high temperature and low relative humidity. The planting of maize during Kharif season experiences high rainfall in monsoon season which often causes temporary flooding in flat method of sowing. Planting methods in maize play a prominent role for reducing its water requirement when sown during Kharif season and also to save it from temporary flooding damage due to excessive rainfall during monsoon period. Excess water during the heavy rains especially on poorly drained soils also creates a great problem for maize cultivation as the crop is quite sensitive towards water stagnation. Best method of sowing is necessary to obtain maximum yield and higher net returns from maize cultivation. The findings of the various research scientists and eminent investigators will help in understanding effect of planting methods on growth, yield parameters, yield, quality and economics of maize. Among different planting methods, bed planting is found significant better in improving the growth, yield attributes, yield (grain and stover yield), quality and net returns in Kharif maize as compared to flat sowing method and it is followed by ridge sowing method. Bed and ridge planting methods give higher grain yield than the flat sowing method due to better crop growth and nutrient absorption. Water use efficiency and nutrient uptake was higher in bed planting as compared to flat and ridge planting methods.
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Lattimore, MAE, HG Beecher, and KL O'Callaghan. "Establishment and early growth after rice of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), Persian clover (T. resupinatum), balansa clover (T. michelianum), and white clover (T. repens)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 4 (1994): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940459.
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Four temperate clovers were grown on a typical rice-growing soil in the Murrumbidgee Valley, New South Wales, to assess their establishment and early growth potential. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum var. yanninicum) cv. Trikkala, Persian clover (T. resupinatum) cv. Maral, balansa clover (T. michelianum var. balansae) cv. Paradana, and white clover (T. repens) cv. Haifa were sown immediately following a rice crop in autumn of 3 consecutive years. Seven sowing methods were compared, including combinations of surface or drill sowing with land preparation techniques commonly used in rice-farming systems. All cultivars established successfully. Trikkala had the best establishment on the basis of per cent seed sown in year 2, and equal best in years 1 and 3, although Paradana and Maral had higher plant densities at the sowing rates used. Paradana and Maral produced the highest dry matter yields and Haifa the lowest (P<0.05) in the growing period to mid-spring. Sowing method strongly influenced (P<0.05) both establishment and yield of clover. Sowing into a dense rice canopy before harvest severely restricted clover performance, while harvesting rice before sowing greatly improved (P<0.05) clover establishment and dry matter production. Establishment from surface sowing was generally more successful than from drill sowing, although yields with both methods were mostly satisfactory. Establishment and yields were highest after burning stubble, but this effect was variable and not always significant. Sowing after cultivation was not successful, especially in the 2 wetter years, due to poor seedbed preparation and waterlogging.
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Eliseeva, Lyudmila Valerievna, Olga Petrovna Nesterova, and Maria Vasilievna Prokopyeva. "The study of methods of sowing of beans varieties in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 8 (August 25, 2019): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i8pp12-16.
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The results of studying the methods of sowing varieties of beans in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic are given. Studies were conducted in 2017–2018. in the University "Student" Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. Objects of research - varieties of beans Ballada, Chocolate, Dream hostess. The studies used the methods of the State Commission for varietal testing and statistical processing of the results according to the method of Dospekhov. Field germination in all varieties turned out to be higher when sown with 15 cm row spacing, and the safety of plants for harvesting when sowing with 30 cm row spacing. The vegetation period averaged 102-112 days. In all varieties, the ordinary method allowed to start cleaning 3-4 days earlier. In all varieties, the ordinary method allowed to start cleaning 3-4 days earlier. In the wet year of 2017, bean plants with all sowing methods were higher, but less productive beans were formed on the plants. Sowing methods have had an ambiguous impact on the elements of the crop structure. Thus, in the Ballada and Mistress’s dream varieties, the size of the seeds increases with wide-row sowing, and in the Chocoladnitsa and Mistress’s Dream varieties the number of beans per plant. In 2017, the mistress’s dream variety turned out to be the most productive, while the wide-row sowing reliably exceeded the average by 0.45 t / ha. In 2018, the sowing variant of the ordinary (15 cm) method proved more effective in all varieties. The maximum yield was recorded for the Variety Chocolate variety in 2018 when sowing with 15 cm row spacing - 6.87 t / ha. The results indicate that in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic beans are able to mature and form consistently high yields.
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Palit, P., A. C. Bhattacharyya, and B. K. Samanta. "Reassessment of the Effects of Broadcast and Line Sowing on the Fibre Yield of Jute." Experimental Agriculture 24, no. 4 (October 1988): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700100213.
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SummaryLine sowing of jute has been advocated by some workers for the past 40 years as being more productive than the traditional broadcast method. But most cultivators still prefer broadcast sowing. A comparative study employing identical management practices showed that there is no significant difference in fibre yield per unit area between the two sowing methods. Under similar population pressures self-thinning is greater in line sown than in broadcast crops. Thus, provided similar seed rates and cultural conditions are maintained, farmers may use either sowing method.P. Palit, A. C Bhattacharyya y B. K. Samanta: Re-evaluación de los efectos de la siembra al voleo y en lineas sobre el rendimiento defibra del yute.
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Goryanin, O. I., I. Sh Shakurov, B. Zh Dzhangabaev, and T. A. Goryanina. "THE IMPROVEMENT OF WINTER WHEAT SOWING METHODS AND RATES IN THE ZAVOLZHIE." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-63-3-10-13.
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At present winter wheat is the leading grain crop in the Volga region and Russia. However, it’s necessary to improve its cultivation technologies to increase its efficiency. The purpose of the work is to identify the optimum sowing methods and rates of winter soft wheat with the application of disinfectant ‘Stsenik Kombi’ in the climatic conditions of the Middle Zavolzhie. In 2015–2018 there was estimated the influence of two sowing methods (row and wide-row) and five sowing rates of the winter wheat variety ‘Svetoch’ when applying disinfectant ‘Stsenik Kombi’ in comparison with the control variety. It has been established that the highest net income (12251.5–12498.3 rubles/ha) and level of profitability (107.7–121.5%) were obtained on options with the sowing rate of 2.0–4.0 million/ha. The highest breeding rate was found in the usual ordinary sowing rate of 1 million/ha to 100 (in 2016), which is in 2–4 times higher than when sown with the rate of 2.0–5.0 million/ha. The obtained regularity indicates the prospects of this sowing rate when cultivating seeds of high reproductions for seed production purposes, both in ordinary row sowing (the width of the spacing is 15 cm), and in wide-row sowing (30 cm). When sowing 2.0 million/ha or more, there was established a prevalence of ordinary row sowing over wide-row sowing on 0.4 t/ha (or 16.9%). The application of disinfectant ‘Stsenik Kombi’ is recommended in winter wheat cultivation.
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Рожков, А. О. "УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ЗЕРНА ТРИТИКАЛЕ ЯРОГО ТА БІОЕНЕРҐЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЙОГО ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РІЗНИХ СПОСОБІВ СІВБИ Й НОРМ ВИСІВУ." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 1 (March 27, 2014): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2014.01.04.
Full textAbstract:
Висвітлено результати трирічних дослідженьщодо впливу ценотичних факторів: способів сівби танорм висіву на зернову продуктивність рослин три-тикале ярого. У дослідах встановлено перевагу сму-гового способу сівби на підвищення показників еконо-мічної та біоенерґетичної ефективності вирощуван-ня тритикале ярого. За смугового способу сівби вищаврожайність і більш високі показники економічної табіоенерґетичної ефективності вирощування посівівтритикале ярого відзначені за норми висіву550 нас./м², тоді як за рядкового способу – за нормивисіву 500 нас./м². Встановлена закономірність зумо-влена послабленням ценотичної напруги за смуговогоспособу сівби, що створює умови для повноцінногорозвитку більшої кількості рослин на одиниці площіпосіву.
The results of the three-year researches according to the coenotic factors influence: sowing methods and sowing rates on the grain productivity of spring triticale plants are given. The advantage of the striped sowing method on the increase of economic and bioenergy efficiency indices of spring triticale growing is established in the article.
The crop capacity is higher while using the striped sowing method as well as economic and bioenergy efficiency indices of spring triticale growing are higher at a sowing rate of 550 seeds / m²; at the same time during the drill sowing method – at a sowing rate of 500 seeds / m².The established regularity is caused by weakening of coenotic tension in the striped sowing method which creates conditions for the full development of a larger number of plants per unit of the sown area.
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Lima, S. F., P. C. Timossi, D. P. Almeida, and U. R. Silva. "Weed suppression in the formation of brachiarias under three sowing methods." Planta Daninha 32, no. 4 (December 2014): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000400004.
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The success of conservation systems such as no-till depends on adequate soil cover throughout the year, which is possible through the use of cover crops. For this purpose the species belonging to the genus Urochloa has stood out by virtue of its hardiness and tolerance to drought. Aiming ground cover for the no-till system, the objective was to evaluate the establishment of two species of the genus Urochloa, in three sowing methods, in the weed suppression and the sensitivity of these forages to glyphosate. The study design was a randomized block with a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, in which factor A was composed of Urochloa ruziziensis and Urochloa hybrid CIAT 36087 cv. Mulato II, factor B was formed by sowing methods: sown without embedding, sown with light embedding and sown in rows, and factor C was composed of three doses of glyphosate (0.975, 1.625 and 2.275 kg ha-1 of acid equivalent). For determination of weed suppression, assessment of biomass yield and soil cover was performed, by brachiaria and weeds, at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 258 days after sowing. Visual assessment of the desiccation efficiency at 7 and 14 days after herbicide application was performed. It is concluded that embedding Urochloa seeds stands out in relation to sowing in the soil surface. Urochloa ruziziensis is more efficient in the dry weight yield, weed suppression, in addition to being more sensitive to glyphosate herbicide.
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Piqueray, Julien, Valentin Gilliaux, Bernard Bodson, and Grégory Mahy. "Autumn sowing and first-year mowing enhance flowering species abundance and diversity in wildflower strips." BASE, no. 1 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18812.
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Description of the subject. Wildflower strips are used to provide flower resources for insects in agroecosystems. There is a need to determine implementation processes that maximize the development of the sown flowering species. Objectives. To determine the effect of i) sowing period (autumn and spring) and ii) early cutting of annuals during the first growing season on the development of the sown perennial species. Method. We surveyed species development during three years (2012-2014) in 24 plots in an experimental wildflower strip. Plots were sown either in autumn or in spring, and received or not an early cutting management in 2012. Results. Sown species were favored by autumn sowing. A few species did better after spring sowing. Two years later (2014), early cutting management enhanced sown flowering species abundance and diversity in case of spring sowing only. Conclusions. Studying implementation and management protocols is of first importance to improve the efficiency of wildflower strips. We recommend autumn sowing as a first approach, and mowing aimed at controlling annuals in the first year after sowing.
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Doronin, V., К. Kalatur, Yu Kravchenko, V. Drуha, L. Suslyk, H. Honcharuk, О. Polovynchuk, and V. Jr Doronin. "Biological protection of sugar beet sowings from beet nematode." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.26-30.
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Goal. To identify the efficiency of the bionematicide Clariva 156, FS (spores of the bacterium Pasteuria nishizawae, strain Pn 1, 0.02 l/seed unit) against beet nematode in sugar beet sowings.
Methods. Laboratory, field. The research was carried out in Vinnytsia region in the years 2017—2019. Small-scale experiments were established in a natural invasive background. To determine the number of beet nematodes, soil samples were taken and analyzed before sowing and before harvesting sugar beet, as well as after the development of the first generation of the parasite. The accounting of sugar beet yield was carried out by weighing all root crops from each plot and counted per hectare of sowing. The sugar content of roots was determined on the on-stream line Venema by the method of cold-water digestion.
Results. The use of bionematicide Clariva 156, FS allowed to reduce the number of the first generation of beet nematode by 27.7—35.3% (1.5 times) compared to the density of its population before sowing sugar beet. It is noted that the decrease in the number of parasites in the soil in the first half of the growing season had a positive effect on crop productivity. In particular, in the treatments where the seeds were treated with the biological preparation Clariva 156, FS, root yield increased by 2.3—12.6 t/ha, and the sugar collection increased by 0.5—1.9 t/ha, compared to the treatments without nematicide.
Conclusions. Given the widespread and significant damage caused by the beet nematode to sugar beet sowings, the problem of protecting this crop from heteroderosis is still relevant. Its solution begins with a nematological survey of fields and ends with the introduction of an integrated control system, an important element of which is the use of biological methods. The obtained results prove that treatment of sugar beet seeds with bionematicide Clariva 156, FS gives the chance to reduce number of the first generation of beet nematode in sugar beet sowings up to 35%.
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Kuťková, Tatiana, Kristýna Klasová, Martin Dubský, and Ivana Barošová. "Effect of sowing substrate on coverage and rate of weeding of directly sown annual flower beds." Horticultural Science 45, No. 3 (September 5, 2018): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/161/2016-hortsci.
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The method of establishing directly sown annual flower beds has its benefits as well as problems. One of them is particularly surface weeding before sowing. The aim of the experiment was to find a solution to this problem, i.e. whether covering sowing substrates can suppress the germination and growth of weeds and improve growth parameters of annuals. The certified seed mixture of annuals and three variants of substrates that differed in ability to retain water were chosen for the experiment. Substrate A contained 70% vol. of sand and 30% vol. of peat; substrate B 50% vol. of sand, 20% vol. of siliceous marlite, 30% vol. of peat; and substrate C 30% vol. of sand, 40% vol. of siliceous marlite, 30% vol. of peat. In the control variant annuals were sown directly into the soil. The experiment was established in two different sites. Development of the mixture was monitored and evaluated all the season; the coverage with annuals and weed, the height of annuals and flowering time were evaluated. According to the results the use of sowing substrates ensured the successful development of mixtures of annuals, particularly in the initial stand development.
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Saleem, M. F., B. L. Ma, M. A. Malik, M. A. Cheema, and M. A. Wahid. "Yield and quality response of autumn-planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sowing dates and planting patterns." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07052.
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Sowing time and sowing methods are often used to overcome environmental constraints on crop production. Information on the effect of these agronomic techniques on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil quality is, however, scarce. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing dates and planting patterns, and their interaction, on seed yield and oil quality of hybrid sunflower. Sunflower hybrid Hysun-33 was sown at four dates beginning with the first week of August with fortnightly intervals under three planting patterns, viz., flat sowing (60 cm apart lines), ridge sowing (60 cm apart ridges) and bed sowing (90/30 cm) for 2 yr (2002 and 2003). The performance of the August sowing dates was significantly better with respect to yield and yield components than the September-sown crop. Among the three sowing dates in August, there was variable performance of the crop in the 2-yr study. On average, the sowing of sunflower from mid-August to the last week of August yielded better than early August sowing dates. The evaluation of quality parameters revealed greater content of achene oil in the September-sown crop followed by the crop sown in the last week of August. Delayed sowing lowered oleic acid content, but increased stearic and linoleic acid levels. Planting pattern treatments affected head diameter, achenes per head, 1000-achene weight and achene yield. Conclusively, sunflower sown on ridges during the second fortnight of August encountered favourable environmental conditions and gave significantly higher economic yield. Key words: Helianthus annuus , plantingg eometry, plantingpatterns, quality, sowingdates, sunflower yield
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Lodge, G. M. "Effects of sowing method and competitor species and presence on Phalaris and Austrodanthonia establishment and persistence." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 6 (2000): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99157.
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Two experiments were conducted on plots sown in autumn 1992, at Tamworth in northern New South Wales. The first compared the establishment of 3 perennial grasses when sown as monocultures or with competitors in either broadcast-sown swards or alternate row-sown plots. Sowing rate and species of competitor were also examined as factors affecting perennial grass establishment. Perennial grasses were Austrodanthonia richardsonii (synonym Danthonia richardsonii) cv. Taranna, A. bipartita (synonym D. linkii) cv. Bunderra, and Phalaris aquatica cv. Sirosa. Competitors were Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare, T. repens cv. Haifa, and Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera. In spring 1992, competitors were removed from 144 of the 288 plots to prevent them from seeding. A second experiment compared the longer-term (1993–96) dry matter yield and persistence of these perennial grasses under continuous grazing in plots were the competitor was present in year 1 (1992) or in all years (1992–96). In spring 1992, mean dry matter yield of perennial grass was higher (P<0.001) in row-sown plots then those sown by broadcasting. Mean dry matter yield of perennial grass was lowest at low sowing rate, but not significantly different at medium and high sowing rates (about 350 kg DM/ha). Compared with the monocultures, the presence of a competitor reduced mean perennial grass dry matter yields by 48, 69 and 85%, respectively for white clover, subterranean clover and annual ryegrass. Perennial grass plant numbers were highest (P<0.001) in the medium and high sowing rates of the monocultures and in white clover competitor plots and lowest (P<0.001) in all broadcast-sown plots, where annual ryegrass was the competitor. By spring 1996, white clover and annual ryegrass had declined to a low level in the pasture in all plots and the only major competitor was subterranean clover (1200 kg DM/ha, 40% plant frequency). Mean dry matter yields were highest (P<0.001) for Sirosa in 1993, but with dry conditions in 1994 and continuous grazing they were highest for Bunderra in all other years. The implications of these data for devising sowing strategies to maximise the establishment of perennial grasses and their long-term persistence in this environment are discussed.
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Sidhu, H. S., Manpreet-Singh, E. Humphreys, Yadvinder-Singh, Balwinder-Singh, S. S. Dhillon, J. Blackwell, V. Bector, Malkeet-Singh, and Sarbjeet-Singh. "The Happy Seeder enables direct drilling of wheat into rice stubble." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 7 (2007): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06225.
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Lack of suitable machinery is a major constraint to direct drilling into combine-harvested rice residues due to the heavy straw load, and the presence of loose tough straw deposited by the harvester. Therefore, most rice stubbles are burnt in the mechanised rice–wheat systems of south Asia and Australia, as this is a rapid and cheap option, and allows for quick turn around between crops. As well as loss of organic matter and nutrients, rice stubble burning causes very serious and widespread air pollution in the north-west Indo-Gangetic Plains, where rice–wheat systems predominate. A novel approach with much promise is the Happy Seeder, which combines the stubble mulching and seed drilling functions in the one machine. The stubble is cut and picked up in front of the sowing tynes, which engage bare soil, and deposited behind the seed drill as mulch. Evaluation of the technology over 3 years in replicated experiments and farmers’ fields in Punjab, India, showed that establishment of wheat sown into rice residues with the Happy Seeder was comparable with establishment using conventional methods (straw burnt followed by direct drilling or cultivation before sowing) for sowings around the optimum time into stubbles up to 7.5 t/ha. For late sowings, plant density declined significantly at straw loads above 5 t/ha. The mulch also reduced weed biomass by ~60%, and reduced soil evaporation. Yield of wheat sown around the optimum time into rice residues, using the Happy Seeder, was comparable with or higher than yield after straw removal or burning, in replicated experiments and farmers’ fields, for straw loads up to 9 t/ha. In farmers’ fields there was an average yield increase of 9 and 11% in 2004–05 and 2005–06, respectively, compared with farmer practice. For sowings after the optimum time, yield declined significantly at straw loads greater than 7.5 t/ha. The Happy Seeder offers the means of drilling wheat into rice stubble without burning, eliminating air pollution and loss of nutrients and organic carbon due to burning, at the same time as maintaining or increasing yield.
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Van Damme, Laird. "Sowing Method and Seed Treatment Effects on Jack Pine Direct Seeding." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.4.237.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Jack pine seed from local seed sources received six treatment combinations by Hilleshog AB of Sweden as follows: (1) control, no treatment, (2) pelleting, (3) coloring, (4) pelleting and coloring, (5) coloring and scenting, and (6) pelleting, coloring and scenting. Laboratory tests performed by Hilleshog AB, a Swedish agriculture seed treating company that pelleted the test seed, showed pelleting to slow the rate of germination, but germination capacity was greater than 90% after 21 days for all treatments. Treated seed were factorially combined with hand and mechanical sowing methods with Bracke scarification in May 1984 on a sandy jack pine site west of Thunder Bay. Another treatment consisted of manually made pyramidal impressions from a corrugated pallet, which compacted the upper-mid-slope region of the scalp. This treatment, randomized within the 2 × 6 factorial design was then hand sown with untreated seed. Percentage of stocked scalps 2 months after germination showed hand sowing to be superior to machine sowing (45% vs 36%). Hand-sown untreated seed performed slightly better than treated seed (58% vs 32%-49%), but differences between seed treatments were not significant when sown by machine. Best results were obtained from untreated seed sown onto the upper slope of a Bracke scalp stabilized by the corrugated pallet (79%). Microsite stabilization appears critical for successful stocking of jack pine and merits further study toward scarification machinery modification. North. J. Appl. For. 5:237-240, December 1988.
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Tilekar, R. N., V. G. Chavan, B. L. Kumhar, G. K. Bahure, V. N. Game, and H. M. Patil. "Effect of sowing dates and establishment methods on quality parameter, uptake of NPK and economics of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Konkan region of Maharashtra." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 4, no. 01 (April 7, 2019): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2019.4.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
The present investigation entitled “Effect of sowing dates and establishment methods on quality parameter, uptake of NPK and economics of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Konkan region of Maharashtra” was conducted at Agronomy Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra during kharif season of 2015. The results revealed that, the gross return (Rs. 209162 ha-1), net return (Rs. 69446 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.50) was appreciably higher in 23rd MW as compared to the other sowing dates. However, broad bed furrow method of sowing obtained highest gross returns (Rs. 206615 ha-1), net profit (Rs. 68790 ha-1), and B: C ratio (1.50) as compared to flat bed method of sowing. The highest total nitrogen uptake (142.67 kg ha-1, total phosphorus uptake (11.45 kg ha-1) and total potassium uptake (67.82 kg ha-1) recorded under 23rd MW. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium uptake was significantly higher in crop sown by broad bed furrow than flat bed.
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Saqib, M., M. S. I. Zamir, A. Tanveer, and A. U. H. Ahmad. "Agro-Economic Evaluation of Various Maize Hybrids Under Different Planting Patterns." Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0056-z.
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Abstract An experiment was carried out at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to assess the agro-economic performance of two maize hybrids (SIPRA-4444 and TS- 13) under five different sowing patterns viz. ridge sowing 60 cm apart rows, bed sowing 60 cm apart rows, 60 cm apart single row strips, 90 cm apart double row strips and 120 cm apart triple row strips. The results indicated that the hybrids and the sowing patterns had a significant influence on the grain yield of maize. SIPRA-4444 produced maximum grain yield (6.02 tha-1) as compared to TS-13 (5.80 tha-1). Among the planting methods, ridge sowing produced highest grain yield (7.13 t ha-1). The interactive effect of hybrids and sowing methods showed that the hybrid SIPRA - 4444 produced maximum yield when it was sown on 60 cm apart ridges. From economic point of view, maximum net income of Rs. 114172 and benefit to cost ratio of (2.37) was obtained when the hybrid SIPRA-4444 was sown on 60 cm spaced ridges.
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Waliullah, Md, Md Mokter Hossain, and Md Habibur Rahman. "Influence of Sowing Dates and Sowing Methods on Growth and Seed Yield of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.)." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 8, no. 02 (July 4, 2021): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.8.02.124-133.
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Nigella sativa L. is widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. In Bangladesh it is mainly used as spices in preparing various food items. Sowing time and sowing methods are the influential factors to produce higher seed yield of black cumin. Therefore, this study was undertaken to find out a suitable sowing date and method to produce higher seed yield of black cumin. The two-factor experiment comprised with four sowing dates (1st November, 15th November, 1st December and 15th December) and two sowing methods (line sowing and broadcast seeding). The experiment was carried out following randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that plant growth, yield contributing traits and yield of black cumin significantly influenced by sowing dates and methods. It was observed that the line sowing method compared to broadcast seeding and 1st December sowing among the other sowing dates exhibited higher plant growth with greater production of seed. The combine effect of sowing time and sowing methods showed significantly influenced on black cumin seed production. It was observed that the 1st December sowing with line sowing method increased the seed yield as compared to other sowing dates and methods. From the findings of this study it can be concluded that 1st December following line sowing method would maximize plant growth, yield contributing traits and seed yield of black cumin in Bangladesh.
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Wilczewski, Edward, Beata Sokół, Radosław Nowicki, Irena Jug, Krzysztof Pietrzykowski, and Lech Gałęzewski. "Response of Field Pea and Common Vetch, Grown as a Catch Crop, on the Sowing Method." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010003.
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In temperate climate zones, long periods without rainfall or with excessive rainfall are common during sowing and the initial vegetation of a catch crop. These periods can result in poor emergence and/or low yields. The study aimed to determine the influence of the depth of furrow sowing of catch crops on the soil moisture in the immediate vicinity of the seeds sown (1), dynamics of germination and plant emergence (2), and the biomass yield (3). Three furrow sowing depths (4–5 cm FS-S, 6–7 cm FS-M, and 8–9 cm FS-D) were tested and compared with traditional sowing (TS) in the cultivation of field pea and spring vetch catch crops. High amounts of precipitation were stated in the study period, especially in years 2016 and 2017. Furrow sowing enabled placing seeds in soil layers characterized by higher moisture content than traditional sowing. The sowing method did not significantly affect the plant density in any of the three years of the study. Field pea turned out to be a more valuable species for cultivation in catch crops in conditions with excessive precipitation. This plant produced a significantly greater yield of above-ground dry matter and total biomass than spring vetch. The sowing method did not affect the yield of catch crop biomass in study conditions.
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Yuldasheva, Zulfiya Kamalovna, and Aziza A. Ismatillaeva. "Influence Of Sowing Dates And Methods On The Growth And Development Of Oilseed Flax." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 02, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume02issue10-10.
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The article is given that the impact of planting date and methods on the growth and development of oilseed flax variety "Bahorikor" in the conditions of typical irrigated sierozem soils of Tashkent region is studied in practice. Experiments have shown that when the Bahorikor variety is planted early (March 1) in a row with a row spacing of 15 cm, it creates a favorable environment for the growth and development of plants.
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Clerget, B., M. Sidibe, C. S. Bueno, C. Grenier, T. Kawakata, A. J. Domingo, H. L. Layaoen, et al. "Crop photoperiodism model 2.0 for the flowering time of sorghum and rice that includes daily changes in sunrise and sunset times and temperature acclimation." Annals of Botany 128, no. 1 (April 4, 2021): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab048.
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Abstract Background and Aims Daylength determines flowering dates. However, questions remain regarding flowering dates in the natural environment, such as the synchronous flowering of plants sown simultaneously at highly contrasting latitudes. The daily change in sunrise and sunset times is the cue for the flowering of trees and for the synchronization of moulting in birds at the equator. Sunrise and sunset also synchronize the cell circadian clock, which is involved in the regulation of flowering. The goal of this study was to update the photoperiodism model with knowledge acquired since its conception. Methods A large dataset was gathered, including four 2-year series of monthly sowings of 28 sorghum varieties in Mali and two 1-year series of monthly sowings of eight rice varieties in the Philippines to compare with previously published monthly sowings in Japan and Malaysia, and data from sorghum breeders in France, Nicaragua and Colombia. An additive linear model of the duration in days to panicle initiation (PI) and flowering time using daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset times was implemented. Key Results Simultaneous with the phyllochron, the duration to PI of field crops acclimated to the mean temperature at seedling emergence within the usual range of mean cropping temperatures. A unique additive linear model combining daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset hours was accurately fitted for any type of response in the duration to PI to the sowing date without any temperature input. Once calibrated on a complete and an incomplete monthly sowing series at two tropical latitudes, the model accurately predicted the duration to PI of the concerned varieties from the equatorial to the temperate zone. Conclusions Including the daily changes in sunrise and sunset times in the updated photoperiodism model largely improved its accuracy at the latitude of each experiment. More research is needed to ascertain its multi-latitudinal accuracy, especially at latitudes close to the equator.
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Kirby, E. J. M. "A field study of the number of main shoot leaves in wheat in relation to vernalization and photoperiod." Journal of Agricultural Science 118, no. 3 (June 1992): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600070635.
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SUMMARYThe number of leaves formed on the main shoot of a wheat plant is an important developmental feature, and a method of predicting this is essential for computer simulation of development.A model function was used to estimate vernalization from simulated sowing dates throughout a season. When expressed in terms of thermal time, it was estimated that a plant might be fully vernalized soon after seedling emergence or take up to about 1000 °Cd, depending on sowing date. When the simulated progress of vernalization was related to main shoot development (primordium initiation and leaf emergence) it was found that there were substantial differences between sowings in the rate of vernalization at comparable stages of apex development.A number of field experiments done in Britain from 1980 to 1984 with prominent commercial varieties, sown at various times from September to March, were analysed in terms of the thermal time to full vernalization and the photoperiod at the time of full vernalization, with vernalization simulated by the model function. In both winter and spring varieties, both of these variables significantly affected the number of main shoot leaves. Multiple linear regression using these two variables accounted for between 70 and 90% of the variance in leaf number, depending on variety.
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Datta, Debarati, Subhash Chandra, Sumit Chaturvedi, Amit Bhatnagar, Gurvinder Singh, and Veer Singh. "Spring sweet corn (Zea mays) response to irrigation levels, sowing methods and moisture conservation practices." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 5 (September 4, 2020): 990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i5.104378.
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A field experiment was conducted during spring (February-May) of 2017-18 at GBPUAT, Pantnagar to assess the effect of irrigation levels, sowing methods and moisture conservation practices on soil moisture, crop growth, productivity of spring season sweet corn. The experiment consisted of 3- irrigation levels including irrigation at IW/ CPE ratios of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 2- sowing methods (flat, furrow) and 3-moisture conservation practices (control, mulch @ 6 t/ha, biochar @ 3 t/ha) laid-out in a split-plot design, assigning combination of irrigation and sowing methods to main-plots and moisture conservation practices to sub-plots. The pooled results revealed that husked cob yield (15.79 t/ha) and biological yield (39.47 t/ha) of sweet corn were highest in IW/CPE 1.4 which were significantly higher than other two IW/CPE ratios. Furrow sowing resulted 8% increase in husked cob yield over flat sowing, while soil biochar application being at par with mulching showed significantly higher (6%) husked cob yield over control. The interaction effect showed that biological yield was at par between irrigation at IW/CPE 1.2 under furrow sowing and IW/CPE 1.4 under flat sowing. B: C ratio was higher with IW/CPE 1.4 (1.57), furrow sowing (1.54) and mulch (1.54). Higher soil moisture content before irrigation at tasseling stage was obtained under IW/CPE 1.4 (16.3%), furrow sowing (6.4%) and mulch (24.9%) as compared to IW/CPE 1.0, flat and control, respectively. Thus, sweet corn in sandy loam soil should be irrigated at IW/CPE 1.4, sown in furrows and supplemented with mulch or biochar application for enhancing productivity and profitability during spring season (February-May).
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Krusteva, Hristina, Olia Karadjova, and Ventsislav Ventsislavov. "Monitoring methods and prognosis of Opomyza Florum Fabr. (Diptera: Opomyzidae) – a pest of wheat in Bulgaria." Journal of Plant Protection Research 52, no. 4 (December 28, 2012): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-012-0076-6.
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Abstract The effect of sowing dates on the abundance of Opomyza florum, and the effect of sowing dates on the degree of larvae damage on winter wheat during the 2003-2008 time period was evaluated. The population density of O. florum adults and the damage larvae caused, were higher in the wheat fields sown in the last decade of September and the first half of October. Fields sown during the first decade of November were not infested by O. florum. A significant correlation between the mean temperature during the flight period and the maximum density of O. florum flies within each sowing (r = 0.94; p = 0.016) was established. The percentage of damaged shoots strongly corresponded to the maximum abundance of flies (r = 0.96; p = 0.01). The corresponding figures can be used for prognostic purposes. An adult observation accuracy below 25% was achieved by the sweep net method using 10 samples of 30 sweeps in the beginning of migration and 10 samples of 20 sweeps during the period of the O. florum mass flight. No marginal effect of adults was observed.
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Lipovy, Vasyl, Oksana Shevchuk, and Oleg Knyazyuk. "PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SINGLE-SPECIES AND COMPATIBLE CROPS OF SUGAR SORGHUM WITH SOYBEANS." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-3-7.
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The article presents the results of research to assess the impact of technological methods on the productivity of single and compatible crops of sugar sorghum with soybeans, and in particular the methods of sowing and fertilizing. The main organ of the plant that absorbs the most solar energy and has the highest intensity of photosynthesis is the leaf. The use of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the total leaf surface. During years of the research with the study methods of sowing and the timing for determination of total leaf surface in areas under mineral fertilizers were applied, it was greater than in areas without fertilizers. Thus, on average for 2018-2019 in the phase of ejection of panicles in areas where sugar sorghum was sown together with soybeans according to the scheme one row of sorghum + one row of soybeans under applying N120P90K120 leaf surface was 30.1 thousand m2/ha, and in areas without fertilizers - 21.0 thousand m2/ha It was found that the largest area of assimilation surface of leaves on average for two years (41.3 thousand m2 / ha) was in the phase of milk ripeness of grain under sowing two rows of sorghum + one row of soybeans and N120P90K120 consumption. For the efficient use of solar energy is important not only the size of the leaf surface area but also the duration of its active work. Photosynthetic potential is used as an indicator for characterizing of the photosynthetic work of crops during the growing season. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential of sorghum plants on average for two years of research (2018-2019) was obtained at the end of the growing season (2.81 million m2 days/ha) in areas where it was sown together with soybeans in the method of sowing two rows of sorghum + one-row soybeans and under application of N120P90K120 doses. Keywords: Leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, sugar sorghum, method of sowing, fertilizer.
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DHALIWAL, L. K., G. S. BUTTAR, P. K. KINGRA, SUKHJEET KAUR, and JAGJEEWAN SINGH. "Growth, yield, water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different sowing dates, planting methods and irrigation treatments." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i3.101461.
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Field experiments were conducted at the Research Farm, Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, PAU, Ludhiana during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety WH-1105 was sown on 10th and 30th November under two planting methods (flat and bed) with three irrigation treatments (I1- three post-sowing irrigations at crown root initiation (20-25 days after sowing), flag leaf emergence (70-80 days after sowing) and soft dough stages (115-120 days after sowing), I2- I1+ fourth irrigation during last week of March (Hard dough stage) and I3- Recommended four post-sowing irrigations (crown root initiation, tillering, jointing/booting and milking) in sub-sub plots replicated four times. The experiment was planned to study the effect of sowing dates, planting methods and irrigation treatments on growth, yield and water use efficiency of wheat. Dry matter accumulation and leaf area index showed significant differences between different dates of sowing and planting methods during entire growing period however significant differences among irrigation treatments were observed at 120 DAS during both the seasons. The grain yield and water use efficiency was higher in 10th November sowing as compared to 30th November as well as under bed planting compared to flat planting. However by giving one extra irrigation during end of March under I2, the increase in grain yield was up to 6-13% over I3 and I1 treatments.
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Mitrofanov, Yu I., L. V. Pugacheva, N. A. Smirnova, and V. N. Lapushkina. "Oat-Sowing Methods on Drained Lands." Russian Agricultural Sciences 44, no. 6 (November 2018): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367418060101.
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Maria-Diana BOSTAN, Teodor ROBU, Andreea-Sabina EȘANU, and Andreea PINTILIE. "RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOME TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON CHICKPEAS (CICER ARIETINUM L.) YIELD UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A.R.D.S. SECUIENI." LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v2i2.129.
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The chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) is a tolerant species to high temperatures and drought, it can be a good alternative for farmers from the Center of Moldova, which recently are facing with soil and atmospheric drought. Given this aspect, since 2020 in the experimental field of A.R.D.S. Secuieni was studied this species. The objective of the research carried out in the period 2020-2021 was to study the reaction of chickpea varieties to the improving of technological factors. The experiment was placed according to the method of subdivided plots, in three repetitions of type A x B x C, and the experimental factors studied were: A – genotype, B - epoch of sowing and C - sowing density. The data obtained was processed and interpreted statistically according to the method of variance analysis (Ceapoiu, 1968). The results showed that epoch of sowing and the sowing density had a positively influence on the chickpeas production. The highest yields were achieved for the varieties sown in the IIIth decade of March, and the maximum level of yield was recorded for the variant sown with Burnas variety at a density of 45 g.g./sqm. The correlation between the three studeid factors (variety, epoch of sowing and density at sowing) and the yield obtained was directly and very close.
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Kudryashova, Natal'ya, Galina Bulahtina, Aleksandr Kudryashov, and Andrey Hyupinin. "STRUCTURE OF CEREAL-LEGUME HERBALS WITH DIFFERENT METHODS OF SOWING AND IRRIGATION IN ARID CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 4 (January 8, 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2022-19-23.
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In recent years, livestock farms in the Astrakhan region have mainly used grasses from natural hayfields and pastures for fodder. But, due to the sharp aridization of the climate, and, as a consequence, the more frequent droughts, as well as the unregulated growth of the number of animals on farms, the reserves of natural herbage are often insufficient. Therefore, the region began to increase the area of sown hayfields for irrigation. The aim of the work is to study the effect of various irrigation methods on the productivity of cereal-leguminous mixtures with multi-cut use in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian region. The studies were carried out in 2017-2020 in the Astrakhan region. All studied irrigation methods (sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation with a belt laying depth of 0.0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m, periodic flooding), with the exception of subsoil irrigation, with an ordinary method of sowing contributed to the development of both cereals and legumes. In these variants of the experiment, cereals occupied a significant part in the total herbage - from 40.0 to 61.0%. When using the spread sowing method, only in one variant, the share of cereal grasses was 54.0% (periodic flooding). In all others with this method of sowing, the amount of cereals in the total mass was insignificant, or they were completely absent. The widespread method of sowing was also the most productive in all the years of research. The maximum yield in the experiment was noted in all variants of the experiment in the third year of the life of grasses in 2019.The highest productivity with the spread method of sowing was noted in 2019 in the variants of the experiment with a belt laying depth of 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m and amounted to 98.1, 104.4 and 111.0 t/ha, respectively. In the variants with the row-sowing method, the yield was lower than with the wide-spread one. The highest yield with this method of sowing was also noted in 2019 in variants with subsurface drip irrigation with a belt laying depth of 0.35 and 0.45 m and amounted to 105.5 and 104.8 t/ha, respectively
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Akter, Nasrin, A. K. M. Ruhul Amin, Nazmul Haque, and Sheikh Muhammad Masum. "Effect of sowing date and weed control method on the growth and yield of soybean." Poljoprivreda 22, no. 1 (June 18, 2016): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.22.1.3.
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Amenova, Danagul, Dmitry Ageev, Aigerim Tolesh, Oleg Seldiugaev, Leonid Zinovev, and Marina Nortseva. "Влияние физических методов предпосевной обработки на всхожесть семян некоторых лекарственных растений." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 105, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg1/16-22.
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The use of physical processing methods improves the viability of seeds of many species of cultivated plants. Physical processing methods are more environmentally friendly, cheap, can be easily implemented when organizing collection sites and plantations. The use of physical methods of pre-sowing seed treatment of medicinal plants has not previously been carried out. The article presents the results of studying the effects of physical methods (magnetic field irradiation and bubbling), on the germination rate and energy of germination of the seeds of Salvia stepposa, Linum usitatissimum, Valeriana officinalis after 1,5 years of storage. The results demostrated that the viability of the seeds of all three species was significantly increased compared to the control after irradiation with a magnetic field and the use of bubbling for 24 hours. The best physical method of presowing treatment for Salvia stepposa seeds was recognized as the combination of cryopreservation and bubbling, for Linum usitatissimum and Valeriana officinalis seeds were irradiation with a double magnetic field for 3 days.
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Islam, MR, MK Uddin, and MO Ali. "Performance of lentil varieties under relay and minimum tillage conditions in T. Aman rice." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v40i2.24565.
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A study on comparative productive efficiency and feasibility of lentil varieties both at relay and minimum tillage were conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during the Rabi season of 2007-08 and 2008-09. Three lentil varieties viz. BARI Masur-2, BARI Masur-3 and BARI Masur-4 and two sowing methods viz. relay sowing and furrow sowing (Minimum tillage) were compared. The highest seed yield (1.59 t/ha) was obtained from BARI Masur-4 because of highest number of pods/plant and plant population/m2 while lowest from BARI Masur-2 (1.39 t/ha). The sowing methods had significant effect on the seed yield of lentil. Crops sown in furrows produced higher seed yield (1.60 t/ha) than that of crops in relay sowing. The interaction effect between varieties and sowing methods also had significant effect on the seed yield and yield attributes. The lentil variety BARI Masur-4 when grown in furrows gave the highest seed yield (1.70 t/ha). Though seed yield and gross return were highest in furrow sowing but highest benefit cost ratio (4.67) was found in relay sowing method.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 271-278 June 2015
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Dimitriev, V. L., L. G. Shashkarov, L. V. Eliseeva, A. G. Lozhkin, A. V. Chernov, and V. V. Pavlov. "Influence of some agrotechnical conditions of hemp cultivation on seed and fiber yield." Agrarian science 1, no. 11 (January 13, 2023): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-364-11-65-69.
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Relevance. In connection with the widespread introduction of monoecious hemp varieties into the production, it became necessary to study issues related to the effect of seeding rates on productivity and product quality. In particular, it was necessary to study the effect of seeding rates on the yield and quality of seeds, the characteristics of plant growth and development. In addition, it was important for production to establish the effect of the seeding rate on the yield of seeds, stems and fiber, on the technological qualities of the fiber and the sowing qualities of seeds.Methods. A comparative study was carried out in 2000–2015 on the experimental plots of the Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture. The sown area of each experimental plot was 20 m2, accounting — 18 m2, the repetition of the experiment was four times. Observations of the growth and development of plants were carried out according to the methodology adopted at the Institute of Bast Crops.Results. It has been established that the density of the stem stand increases with an increase in the seeding rate for all sowing methods, both on an unfertilized and fertilized background. On a fertilized background with the same seeding rate and sowing method, the density of plants is higher than on an unfertilized background. The number of seeds, seed weight and fiber weight per plant in the experimental variants studied by us decreased with an increase in the seed sowing rate. A similar pattern was obtained for the weight of 1000 seeds. The largest weight of seeds and fiber from one plant was obtained with a single-row sowing method with a seeding rate of 10 kg per ha, and the smallest — with a continuous sowing method with a seeding rate of 100 kg per ha. The highest seed yield on both fertilized and unfertilized backgrounds was obtained with a wide-row sowing method and a seeding rate of 10–15 kg/ha. The highest fiber yield on both backgrounds was obtained with a continuous sowing method with a seeding rate of 80–100 kg/ha.
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Lodge, GM. "The effects of native grass cover, species, herbicide and sowing method on legume establishment on the northern slopes of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 4 (1991): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910485.
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The effects of sowing method (direct drilling or broadcasting), level of cover of native grass and pre-sowing herbicide application on pasture legume introduction were evaluated from 1984 to 1987 at a low elevation (425 m) site on the Northern Slopes of New South Wales. Two perennial (Medicago sativa cv. CUF101 and Onobrychis viciijolia cv. Eski) and 3 annual legumes (Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalycinum cv. Clare; M. truncatula cv. Sephi; Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa cv. Namoi) were sown each year from 1984 to 1986. Seedling establishment was measured 3-4 months after sowing, and where possible, the dry matter yields of the sown legume were also estimated. Seedling regeneration was measured in 1987 and the yield of legumes sown in 1985 was determined in 1986. All species failed to establish under the dry conditions experienced in 1984. In subsequent years seedling numbers of the annuals were higher than those of the perennials. Direct drilling increased establishment of all species compared with broadcasting. The provision of a large amount of cover by the resident native grasses (4.6-7 t/ha of dry matter, 0.6-0.7 In in height) also substantially increased seedling establishment in cvv. Clare, Sephi and CUFlO1. None of the treatments used were successful in establishing cv. Eski. Herbicide application prior to sowing did not significantly affect seedling numbers in the establishment year but resulted in higher numbers of seedlings regenerating in subsequent years, particularly in cv. Sephi. Seedling regeneration of the annuals was also increased (P<0.05) by direct drilling into moderate or high levels of vegetative cover. Dry matter yields of all sown species except cv. Namoi were low, and the environment was difficult for legume survival and production. This was attributed mainly to the variable rainfall that occurs at this low elevation, while for lucerne high summer temperatures probably affected its performance.
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Kovtun, K. P., Y. A. Veklenko, V. A. Yashchuk, and L. I. Bezvuhliak. "Influence of the spatial distribution of components on the productivity of sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures under different sowing methods in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe." Feeds and Feed Production, no. 88 (December 26, 2019): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201988-11.
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Purpose. To investigate optimization of the spatial distribution of the component in binary legume-cereal grass mixtures by selecting a complementary composition of the phytocenosis, method of planting perennial grasses to create hay grass stands with Onobrychis arenaria in the right-bank Forest-Steppe. Adequate selection of legume and cereal species in a double-component sowing significantly reduces negative interactions at different stages of ontogenesis, reduces interspecific competition for environmental resources, balances the structure of phytocenosis, increases its productivity and prolongs the productive longevity of sown hayfields. Methods. System analysis, field, seeded haymaking, laboratory, comparative. Results. In the field experiment of the Department of Field Fodder Crops, Hayfields and Pastures, the influence of the spatial distribution of Onobrychis arenaria under various methods of sowing with Bromus inermis, Bromus riparius, Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense on the yield of dry matter, feed units, metabolic energy, and supply of fodder protein with digestible grass protein of the grass mass (phytomass) of double-component sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures of hay use is studied. It is established that, compared with the conventional mixed method of sowing sainfoin with different types of cereal components, on average for three years of using grass stands, the highest yield of dry matter, feed units, and metabolic energy was obtained under cross and cross-row sowing methods. Conclusions. The influence of the spatial distribution of Onobrychis arenaria and cereal grasses on the formation of grass stands and the productivity of grass mass is substantiated. The prospects of cross and cross-row methods of sowing binary sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures are outlined. This placement of legume and cereal components contributed to a decrease in interspecific competition for environmental resources, balancing the structure of the phytocenosis, increasing its productivity and the quality of grass mass and prolonging the productive longevity of the seeded hayfield in conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe.
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Senyk, I. I. "Influence of sowing norm and row of row rows on soybean yield in conditions of Western Forest Steppe." Plant and Soil Science 11, no. 3 (2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/agr2020.03.043.
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Among agricultural crops, soybean acreage is growing most dynamically. This is due to the universality of its purpose - food, feed, technical. Along with the increase in sown areas, the range of soybean varieties is expanding, which in the context of climate change necessitates the search for new and improvement of existing technological methods of growing this crop. One of the ways to increase the yield of soybean grain is to optimize the parameters of its sowing - the sowing rate and the distance between rows. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of seed sowing rate and row spacing on soybean yield in the Western Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field - laying and conducting field experiments, observation - focusing on the processes of growth, development and formation of soybean grain productivity, analogy - comparisons between variants of the experiment. The research was conducted in the collection and research field of a separate division of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Zalishchyk Agrarian College named after E. Khraplyvy" during 2015-2017. Sowing of soybean seeds (500, 600, 700, 800 thousand / ha of similar seeds). Soil and climatic conditions are typical for the research area. Results. According to the results of three-year research it is established that in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe the optimal sowing rate of soybean seeds of early-ripening varieties is 700 thousand / ha of similar seeds, and the distance between rows is 30 cm. The combination of these parameters provides a soybean yield of 2.97 t / ha. Changing the sowing rate of seeds in the direction of increase or decrease has a negative effect on the yield of soybean grain, causing its decrease compared to the option, which sows 700 thousand / ha of similar seeds. Narrowing between rows (row sowing method - 15 cm) or expanding them to 45 cm (wide row sowing method) also causes a decrease in soybean grain productivity.
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Barrios, Abel, Trinidad Aparicio, Manuel J. Rodríguez, Marcelino Pérez de la Vega, and Constantino Caminero. "Winter sowing of adapted lines as a potential yield increase strategy in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): e0702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016142-8092.
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Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris) is a traditional crop in Spain although current grain yield in Spain is relatively low and unstable. The effect of an early sowing date (winter sowing) on yield in the Spanish Central Plateau (meseta) was analyzed comparing it to the traditional spring sowing. Yield from eleven cultivars currently available for sowing in Spain and two F6:7 populations of recombinant inbred lines (RIL), ´Precoz´ × ´WA8649041´ (89 lines) and ´BGE016365´ × ´ILL1918´ (118 lines), was evaluated in winter and spring sowing dates for three seasons (2005/06, 2006/07 and 2007/08) and two localities. Yield and stability were assessed by the method of consistency of performance with some modifications. When comparing with the best currently available cultivars sown in the traditional spring sowing date, (with an estimated average yield of 43.9 g/m in our experimental conditions), winter sowing using adapted breeding lines proved to be a suitable strategy for increasing lentil yield and yield stability in the Spanish meseta, with an average yield increase of 111% (reaching an estimated yield of 92.8 g/m). Results point to that lentil production can greatly increase in the Spanish meseta if adequate plant materials, such as some of the lines analyzed, are sown at late fall.