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Journal articles on the topic 'Methods of shield bonding'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Dang, H. Kien, and Mohamed A. Meguid. "Application of a multilaminate model to simulate the undrained response of structured clay to shield tunnelling." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 1 (January 2008): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-066.

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A constitutive model based on the multilaminate framework has been implemented into a finite element program to investigate the effect of soil structure on the ground response to tunnelling. The model takes into account the elastic unloading–reloading, inherent and induced anisotropy, destructuration, and bonding effects. The model is successfully calibrated and used to investigate the undrained response of structured sensitive clay in the construction of the Gatineau tunnel in Gatineau, Quebec. Numerical results were compared to the field measurements taken during tunnel construction. To improve the performance of the numerical model, an implicit integration algorithm is implemented and proven to be very effective when coupled with the multilaminate framework as compared to the conventional explicit integration methods. The effect of different soil parameters including bonding and anisotropy on the tunnelling induced displacements and lining stresses is also examined using a comprehensive parametric study. The results indicated that soil bonding and anisotropy have significant effects on the shape of the settlement trough as well as the magnitudes of surface displacements and lining stresses induced by tunnelling.

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2

Pacek, D., P. Kolodziejczak, K. Grzelak, J. Torzewski, and P. Podgorzak. "The protective capability of the laser welded armour steel plates." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720906429.

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Despite the intensive development of plastics and composite materials in the case of armours employed to protect vehicles, armour steel remains a material commonly and effectively used. This is especially evident in the base armour of armoured vehicles, where the body is made of welded armour steel plates. However, the area of joining both the weld and the heat affected zone are sensitive areas with the reduced protective capability. In the case of laser welding in comparison with methods such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding, it is possible to narrow down the above mentioned areas. The paper presents the results of research on the protective capability of welded zone of armour steel plates with a hardness of 500 HB. In the first part of the work, in order to select the proper parameters for the bonding process, different connection variants were made and their microstructure and selected mechanical properties were analysed. After selecting the best variant of the welding process, samples (200 mm × 200 mm) consisting of two welded plates with dimensions 100 mm × 200 mm were made for testing. The thickness of the plates was selected in such a way that in the areas outside the bonding zone, the lack of complete perforation by the projectiles used in the tests is guaranteed. The samples were shot at the weld location and at different distances from the weld to verify, for the chosen method of joining steel plates, if the welded armour loses its protective capability and, possibly, how wide this area may be.

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3

Wang, Chang, Ian Rosbottom, Thomas D. Turner, Sydney Laing, Andrew G. P. Maloney, Ahmad Y. Sheikh, Robert Docherty, Qiuxiang Yin, and Kevin J. Roberts. "Molecular, Solid-State and Surface Structures of the Conformational Polymorphic Forms of Ritonavir in Relation to their Physicochemical Properties." Pharmaceutical Research 38, no. 6 (May 19, 2021): 971–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-021-03048-2.

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Abstract Purpose Application of multi-scale modelling workflows to characterise polymorphism in ritonavir with regard to its stability, bioavailability and processing. Methods Molecular conformation, polarizability and stability are examined using quantum mechanics (QM). Intermolecular synthons, hydrogen bonding, crystal morphology and surface chemistry are modelled using empirical force fields. Results The form I conformation is more stable and polarized with more efficient intermolecular packing, lower void space and higher density, however its shielded hydroxyl is only a hydrogen bond donor. In contrast, the hydroxyl in the more open but less stable and polarized form II conformation is both a donor and acceptor resulting in stronger hydrogen bonding and a more stable crystal structure but one that is less dense. Both forms have strong 1D networks of hydrogen bonds and the differences in packing energies are partially offset in form II by its conformational deformation energy difference with respect to form I. The lattice energies converge at shorter distances for form I, consistent with its preferential crystallization at high supersaturation. Both forms exhibit a needle/lath-like crystal habit with slower growing hydrophobic side and faster growing hydrophilic capping habit faces with aspect ratios increasing from polar-protic, polar-aprotic and non-polar solvents, respectively. Surface energies are higher for form II than form I and increase with solvent polarity. The higher deformation, lattice and surface energies of form II are consistent with its lower solubility and hence bioavailability. Conclusion Inter-relationship between molecular, solid-state and surface structures of the polymorphic forms of ritonavir are quantified in relation to their physical-chemical properties.

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4

Ramalingam, T., P. Srinivas Yadav, and S. Bhaskar. "Shell on shell bonding of composite heat shield." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 13 (2018): 27155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.09.025.

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5

Bayandin, M., and S. Kazitsin. "Features bonding process multilayer laminated shield pva adhesives." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 9 (December 9, 2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16421.

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6

Bayandin, M. "Features bonding process multilayer laminated shield pva adhesives." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 9 (December 21, 2015): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16853.

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7

Bayandin, M., and S. Eliseev. "Features bonding process multilayer laminated shield pva adhesives." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11124.

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8

Nie, Hong-bin, and Shuan-cheng Gu. "Ultimate Bearing Capacity Analysis of CFRP-Strengthened Shield Segments Using Bonding Slip Behavior Experiments." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184200.

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Shield segments of subway tunnels are often exposed to the combined actions of several hygrothermal factors that could lead to accidents such as water seepage and tunnel collapse. Further, they often break and deform owing to formation pressure. In addition, uncertainties related to the stress relaxation characteristics and bonding performance of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) under a hygrothermal environment make their application in subway systems difficult. This study analyzes the effects of the slip-on-bending strength of CFRP-strengthened shield segments in a hygrothermal environment. In the study, the shield segments are damaged at ambient pressure under a combination of humidity (0%, 5%, and 10%) and temperature (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C). An experimental procedure is designed to evaluate a CFRP-reinforced concrete arch. The method predicts the load–slip relationship and maximum shearing stress and strain. Moreover, confined compression tests are conducted on a tunnel segment lining strengthened with CFRP to evaluate the bearing capacity of the CFRP-strengthened shield segments. An equation for the latter’s ultimate bearing capacity is developed based on the elastic layer system theory, stress boundary condition, and bending stress characteristics of axisymmetric elements. It was found that the results from the developed model are compared with the experimental values of CFRP-strengthened shield segments under different humidity values (0%, 5%, and 10%) and a constant temperature. The ultimate strength—the debonding deflection of the CFRP-strengthened shield segment—can be predicted using the proposed ultimate bearing capacity equation with sufficient accuracy.

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9

Anhar, Muh, and Betti Ses Eka Polonia. "The Effect Of Addition Of Limestone Powder And Gypsum As Isolator Media On Low Carbon Steel SMAW Welding." Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) 2, no. 2 (May 9, 2021): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v2i2.223.

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Metal connection due to heat with or without the influence of pressure or metallurgical bonds caused by attractive forces between atoms. DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen) state that metallurgical bonding of metal or guide metal joints in a melted or liquid state. This study aims to determine the effect of limestone powder and gypsum as an insulating medium in SMAW (Shielded metal arc welding) welding. This study using experimental methods with SMAW welding. Welding metal cooled with limestone media has a harder hardness than gypsum and air media, which is limestone has a thermal conductivity value of 3.897 W / mºC. In comparison, gypsum has a thermal conductivity value of 1.39 W/mºC, and air has a thermal conductivity value of 0.023 J/msºC, so limestone is a better insulator than gypsum and air. The greater the conductivity value of the object, the better the thermal conductivity of the metal and the more complicated the weld metal and the lower the thermal conductivity value, the softer the metal hardness, limestone has a thermal conductivity value of 3.897 W / mºC while gypsum has a thermal conductivity value of 1, 39 W / mºC and air have a thermal conductivity value of 0.023 J / msºC, proving that the lower the conductivity value, the hardness of the weld metal is getting softer, but in the HAZ section it proves that the lower the conductivity value, the more complex the hardness in the HAZ section.

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10

Cameli, Norma, Maria Mariano, Flavia Pigliacelli, Martina Silvestri, and Antonio Cristaudo. "Occupational Methacrylate Allergy in Dental Personnel." Allergies 1, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/allergies1020010.

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Purpose of the article: Acrylate and methacrylate (MA) use in the dental industry is widespread, being utilized in dental prostheses and composite resins, dentin bonding materials, and glass ionomers. However, occupational methacrylate allergy in dental personnel is a growing phenomenon. The aims of this retrospective observational study are to evaluate the risk of occupational contact dermatitis following exposure to methacrylates in dental personnel and to identify possible preventive measures. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 subjects exposed to acrylic and methacrylic resins in their professional context and who reported clinical manifestations were included from our outpatient department database. These were subdivided into two groups: 81 dental technicians and 45 dental hygienists. All the subjects had undergone patch testing with a “methacrylate series” (FIRMA) and readings were taken after 2 days (D2), 4 days (D4), and 7 days (D7). Results: A significantly higher incidence of methacrylate allergy was found in the dental technician group compared to the dental hygienists. Among the dental technicians, 40.7% of the subjects presented skin manifestations. The hands were the most frequently affected sites. Conclusion: Our results confirm the high sensitizing potential of MA in the workplace for dental personnel and in particular an increased professional risk in work where the hands are directly involved (dental technicians). Patch testing as an integrated part of a screening tray is needed for a complete evaluation of occupational skin allergy due to MA in dental personnel. The adoption of proper primary preventive measures, including gloves, protective eyewear, face shields, and disposable gowns, can be useful in preventing new cases of contact dermatitis, which may lead to a change of occupation in dental personnel.

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11

Li, Run Jun, Ren Liang Shan, Yi Xiong Gui, Jin Zhong Yang, and Jian Liu. "Research on Key Technology of Shield Machine Main Drive Sealing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1081.

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Due to poor bonding of a shield machine main drive leading to seal failure sealing fracture failure occurs, the proposed installation forms of adhesive sealing method is replaced by platen method, and seal material NBR replaced by a fluorine rubber, so that the combination of the housing seal is more reliable, avoiding the fracture caused by discontinuity of local sealing. Construction process increases the injection of three different oils enhancing the sealing effect. Through the application of practical project, no failure appears after sealing transformation.

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12

Sun, Lianwei, Zhong-chao Li, and Rong-zhu Liang. "Simplified Analytical Method for Predicting the Lateral Ground Displacements due to Shield Tunnelling." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5524557.

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Earth pressure balance or slurry shield tunnelling will squeeze the subsoils and lead to lateral outward ground displacement. However, current methods to estimate the shield tunnelling-induced ground displacements generally use the methods based on the face unsupported tunnelling (e.g., New Austrian tunnelling and open shield excavation), which cannot predict the lateral ground movement due to shield tunnelling. In this paper, a novel simplified analytical method is proposed to predict the ground lateral displacement during the shield advancing process. The key shield tunnelling operation factors, including the additional pressure of cutter head, the friction forces around shield body, the back-fill grouting pressure, and the soil volume loss are all considered. The lateral ground displacements induced by the four former factors are calculated by using Mindlin’s solutions. The soil volume loss-induced lateral ground displacement is calculated by employing the expression introduced by Pinto and Whittle. Combining with the displacement obtained from all the factors, the analytical method for lateral ground displacement induced by shield tunnelling is obtained. The applicability of the proposed analytical approach is verified with three well-documented case histories involving slurry shield and EPB shield machines.

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13

Dunn, Colin E. "Biogeochemical exploration methods in the Canadian Shield and Cordillera." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 185, no. 1 (2001): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.185.01.07.

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14

Vallin, Örjan, Kerstin Jonsson, and Ulf Lindberg. "Adhesion quantification methods for wafer bonding." Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 50, no. 4-5 (December 2005): 109–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2005.07.002.

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15

Zuo, Ying Hong, Jin Hui Zhu, Ying Long Tao, and Sheng Li Niu. "Comparative Study of Calculation Methods for Shield Thickness of Typical Materials against Gamma Rays." Materials Science Forum 960 (June 2019): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.960.214.

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The paper aims to analyze the shielding properties of concrete and lead materials against gamma rays at different energies, and the relationships between the shield thickness of the two materials and gamma ray energy and attenuation factor have been obtained by using the method of attenuation multiple and the method of half-value-thickness, respectively. The results show that when the gamma ray energy and the attenuation factor are determined, the thickness of the concrete shield layer obtained by the method of attenuation multiple is greater than that obtained by the half-value-thickness method. The relative magnitude of thickness of lead shield obtained by the method of attenuation multiple and the method of half-value-thickness method is relate to the gamma ray energy. When the gamma ray energy is lower than 8 MeV, the thickness of lead shield calculated by the method of attenuation multiple is larger than that obtained by the half-value-thickness method, while when the gamma ray energy is higher than 8 MeV, the conclusion is opposite.

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16

Michalkova, Lucia, and Katarina Frajtova Michalikova. "Is the Value of the New Business Tax Shield Lower? Comparative Study of International Valuation Methods." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207401022.

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The macroeconomic environment has been characterized by strong GDP growth in recent years. The favourable conditions allow the growth of new innovative businesses (start-ups), which support multiplier economic development. New businesses are often unprofitable in the first years of existence; there is a higher probability of default. The issue of start-ups may be insufficient funding, high costs of financial distress and resulting low corporate value and unattractiveness for investors. The aim of this paper is to analyse and evaluate which of the existing methods of quantifying the debt tax shield is suitable for start-ups. Three different approaches have been chosen to calculate the interest tax shield; Modigliani-Miller (1963) model for imperfect capital markets and two models from Velez-Pareja (2013,2016). The results were obtained by correlation analysis of more than 5,000 Slovak businesses, the impact of the age of the business on the value of tax shield was examined. Also, the impact of the industry on the value of tax shield was explored. The results of the analysis suggest that the quantification by Modigliani-Miller (1963) formula does not take sufficient into account of the age of company. In contrast, the Velez-Pareja (2013, 2016) models are suitable for start-ups, because they take into account the potential tax shield, which occurs when the operating income cannot cover financial costs (especially interest paid). In innovative industries, start-ups often do not reach the traditional tax shield, but their value may be higher using an alternative formula by Velez-Pareja.

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17

Deng, Xiang Hao, and Bing Long Wang. "Analysis of Influence of Shield Tunneling Crossing underneath Intercity Railway and Shield Tunneling Parameters Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1619.

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In the construction process of shield tunneling crossing underneath a intercity railway, it is inevitable to bring a potential safety hazard to the safe operation of the railway. Determing how to evaluate the influence of shield tunneling crossing underneath the railway and how to reduce the influence level are urgent to be solved. Taking a Wuxi subway project cross beneath the intercity railway for example, through numerical simulation and on-site monitoring, the influence level and the best construction parameters for the shield construction have been obtained. Under the action of the most unfavorable load, the settlement of the railway was only 1.9mm after shield tunnel cross through it. Through theoretical analysis and on-site dynamic monitoring methods, it optimized the configuration of shield construction parameters.Adopting the suggested methods, the shield tunnel has crossed through the railway successfully and the results show that the settlement control is perfect.

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18

Legkiy, N. M. "A study on an electromagnetic shield with carbon filler." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032902040.

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This article presents protective properties of an electromagnetic metal shield with the carbon black filler, as well compares its characteristics with ones that regular metal protective shield has. There are three methods to compare, namely the first is calculation, next one is simulation in CST software, and finally are experimental methods. The study results obtained with all three methods are the same. Therefore, after multiple comparison of the results obtained with two types of shields, we can say that the electromagnetic shield with the carbon filler has better shielding characteristics.

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19

Zhang, J., S. M. Hsu, and Y. F. Liew. "Nanolubrication: Patterned Lubricating Films Using Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation on Hard Disks." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18024.

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Nanolubrication is emerging to be the key technical barrier in many devices. One of the key attributes for successful device lubrication is self-sustainability using only several molecular layers. For single molecular species lubrication, one desires bonding strength and molecular mobility to repair the contact by diffusing back to the contact. One way to achieve this is the use of mask to shield the surface with a patterned surface texture, put a monolayer on the surface and induce bonding. Then re-deposit mobile molecules on the surface to bring the thickness back to the desired thickness. This paper describes the use of long wavelength UVirradiation (320–390 nm) to induce bonding of a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) on CNx disks for magnetic hard disk application. This allows the use of irradiation to control the degree of bonding on CNx coatings. The effect of induced bonding based on this wavelength was studied by comparing 100% mobile PFPE, 100% bonded PFPE, and a mixture of mobile and bonded PFPE in a series of laboratory tests. Using a lateral force microscope, a diamond-tipped atomic force microscope, and a ball-on-inclined plane apparatus, the friction and wear characteristics of these three cases were obtained. Results suggested that the mixed PFPE has the highest shear rupture strength.

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20

Andersen, Felicia Adelina Shannen, and Ridwan Mataram. "ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MALE CIRCUMCISION TECHNIQUES: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Indonesian Journal of Urology 28, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32421/juri.v28i1.557.

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Objective: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of male circumcision techniques. The articles of male circumcision techniques were investigated from October 2018 to December 2018 through Google Scholar and Proquest. Material & Methods: There are various methods of circumcision, these methods can be grouped into two: using shield and clamp devices and conventional methods (dorsal slit and excision). Results: The result from this review article are the technique using shield and clamp devices such as the Smart Klamp have several advantages, that are minimal bleeding, rarely injuring the glans penis and faster, but the disadvantage is taken more costs, and often occurs edema in the circumcision area. Conclusion: In general, the circumcision method using shield and clamp devices is more beneficial and more practical than conventional methods.

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21

Mayer, Timo, Aleksei N. Marianov, and David W. Inglis. "Comparing fusion bonding methods for glass substrates." Materials Research Express 5, no. 8 (July 17, 2018): 085201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aad166.

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22

Hadavi, F., J. H. Hey, R. B. Strasdin, and G. P. McMeekin. "Bonding amalgam to dentin by different methods." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 72, no. 3 (September 1994): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(94)90337-9.

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23

Gui, Fang Ru. "Research on Interval Shield Construction Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1850.

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According to the relationship of tunnel depth, the foundation forms of adjacent building (structures), the importance and the location of the tunnel in Nanjing Metro Line 3, the formation properties of the site is combined to carry out the analysis of key and difficult points on the worksite monitoring objects, the implementation methods of the interval shield monitoring is studied, which provides reference for similar engineering projects.

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24

Lemmerer, Andreas, Lee Madeley, and Mark Smith. "Covalent Assistance to Supramolecular Synthesis." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090123.

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The similarity of crystal engineering to organic synthesis has been noted by Desiraju and many concepts and strategies have been successfully transferred. We aim to combine the two fields of research into one new concept called "Covalent Assistance to Supramolecular Synthesis". The supramolecular reagent isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) is a promising molecule in the supramolecular synthesis of multi-component molecular complexes (Lemmerer at al., 2010). Due to the covalent reaction of the carbohydrazide functional group with simple ketones and aldehydes, the hydrogen bonding functionality of isoniazid can be modified, where two of the hydrogen bond donors are replaced with hydrogen bonding "inert" hydrocarbons (Lemmerer et al., 2011). The "modifiers" bonded to the isoniazid then give a measure of control of the outcome of the supramolecular synthesis with various carboxylic acids depending on the identity and steric size of the modifier used. The steric size itself can be used to shield or to "mask" the remaining hydrogen bonding functionality of isoniazid such that common homomeric and heteromeric interactions are prevented from taking place.

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25

Zhu, Caihui. "Surface Settlement Analysis Induced by Shield Tunneling Construction in the Loess Region." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (March 12, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5573372.

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The influence and prediction of shield tunneling construction on surface settlement (SS) and adjacent buildings is a hot topic in underground space engineering. In this work, several analytical methods are utilized to estimate the maximum surface settlement (MSS) and conduct a parametric sensitivity analysis based on Xi’an Metro line 2. The results show that there are mainly nine factors influencing the SS induced by shield tunneling construction in loess strata. The disturbance degree of the surrounding soil during the shield advancing stage has the largest influence on the SS, followed by the seepage of the shield lining segments or falling water levels, which lead to the overlying soil consolidation. After this is the grouting filling effect at the shield tail, followed by the reinforcement effect of the tunnel foundation and the track. The smallest influencing factors on the SS are the shield overexcavation and improper shield attitudes during the construction period. The sensitivity analysis results of the above influencing factors may offer a scientific guidance for the control of shield tunneling construction.

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Hong, Kai Rong, and Ren Hua Yang. "The Major Problems and Countermeasures on the Shield Machine Tunneling in the Hard Rock Stratum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1438.

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With the rapid development of urban construction, the shield construction technology has been greatly developed. Shield tunneling method generally adapts to relatively uniform soil, soft rock and sand rock strata, and the shield tunnel construction has been more mature for the homogeneous strata. However, for the soft and hard interbedded strata, how to solve the problems of breaking the hard rock, increasing the tunneling efficiency and reducing the construction costs, are difficult problems in the shield tunnel construction. In this paper, based on a great deal of theoretical analyses and engineering practices, the effective methods of improving the efficiency of tunneling, reducing cutter wearing and decreasing the construction costs in the process of the shield tunneling construction in hard rock and gravel layer are proposed.

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27

Sun, Hai Xia, Hai Yu Wu, and Si Li Chen. "Numerical Simulation on the Surface Subsidence Effect during Shield Tunneling Construction." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.110.

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Against the background of shenyang subway shield tunnel construction, the method of numerical simulation methods are used to analyze the factors of surface subsidence caused by shield construction comprehensively, and the universal finite element program ABAQUS is used to establish mechanical model depended on comprehensive consideration the influence factors of soil warehouses pressure, seepage and groundwater. A dynamic finite element simulation of shield advance process and conclude the surface deformation rule of soil are studied.

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28

Li, Ming-Guang, Jin-Jian Chen, Jian-Hua Wang, and Yan-Fei Zhu. "Comparative study of construction methods for deep excavations above shield tunnels." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 71 (January 2018): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.09.014.

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29

Cook, Stephen J., and John W. McConnell. "Lake sediment geochemical methods in the Canadian Shield, Cordillera and Appalachia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 185, no. 1 (2001): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.185.01.06.

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30

Zhang, Yilei, Jianxun Ma, Dan Cheng, and Wenxiao Li. "Influence of Subway Shield Tunnel Construction on Ground Settlement." E3S Web of Conferences 276 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127602003.

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Shield construction has the advantages of stable driving speed, saving manpower, and being able to carry out construction in complex strata, which has been more and more widely used. In the process of shield construction, there is a gap between shield body and segment, which is easy to cause ground settlement when the grouting speed cannot keep up. This paper summarizes the common methods to predict the surface settlement, analyzes the causes of the settlement, and lists an engineering case to illustrate the factors affecting the surface settlement. Finally, it comes to the conclusion that the main causes of the surface settlement caused by shield tunnel construction are formation loss and consolidation settlement, and the use of small cutterhead and composite cutterhead can reduce the surface settlement, It provides a reference for the development of shield construction.

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31

Tappouni, Rafel, and Bradley Mathers. "Scan Quality and Entrance Skin Dose in Thoracic CT: A Comparison between Bismuth Breast Shield and Posteriorly Centered Partial CT Scans." ISRN Radiology 2013 (November 26, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/457396.

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Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of the bismuth breast shield and partial CT scan in reducing entrance skin dose and to evaluate the effect of the breast shield on image quality (IQ). Methods. Nanodots were placed on an adult anthropomorphic phantom. Standard chest CT, CT with shield, and partial CT were performed. Nanodot readings and effective doses were recorded. 50 patients with chest CTs obtained both with and without breast shields were reviewed. IQ was evaluated by two radiologists and by measuring Hounsfield units (HUs) and standard deviation (SD) of HU in anterior subcutaneous region. Results. Breast shield and the partial CT scans reduced radiation to the anterior chest by 38% and 16%, respectively. Partial CT increased dose to the posterior chest by 37% and effective dose by 8%. Change in IQ in shield CT was observed in the anterior chest wall. Significant change in IQ was observed in 5/50 cases. The shield caused an increase of 20 HU () and a 1.86 reduction in SD of HU () in the anterior compared to posterior subcutaneous regions. Summary. Bismuth breast shield is more effective than the partial CT in reducing entrance skin dose while maintaining image quality.

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Jiang, Runkun, Lei Mei, and Q. M. Zhang. "An Epoxy Bonding Apparatus for Applications under Extreme Environment." MRS Advances 1, no. 21 (2016): 1525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.147.

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ABSTRACTA number of electrical components and devices work in extreme environment such as high temperature, high pressure, strong vibration, corrosive chemicals, etc. A common practice to protect them is to shield them in materials that are mechanically and chemically resistant to these harsh conditions. In this scenario, epoxy bonding is preferred and it is crucial to have high bonding strength. One example is the acoustic transducers used in oil drilling. The temperature can reach 200 °C and the pressure can reach 140 MPa. The piezoelectric ceramic parts cannot withstand these conditions so different packaging materials are used such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK).Here an epoxy bonding apparatus is presented that has demonstrated ultrahigh bonding strength. Though epoxy resin is degassed before applying, which gets rid of air bubbles generated in the mixing process, there is trapped air when two surfaces are closed together. This trapped air has minuscule effect for applications in ambient environment, but under extreme environment, it compromises the bonding strength majorly. We devised a vacuum system that contains a motorized stage with the bonding parts attached. After the epoxy is applied and the system is pumped to 1% vacuum, a computer controls the motor to move the bonding parts into contact. Since the entire operation is in vacuum, it leaves no trapped air and results in increased bonding strength. This apparatus confirmed the importance of surface preparation, including removal of air by starting the cure in vacuum (5 mm Hg) and subsequently releasing the vacuum [1].Another technique to improve the bonding strength utilizes the finding that a uniform epoxy resin layer between 50 µm and 150 µm [2] results in the optimal bonding strength. Here we applied spacers such as optic fiber (125 µm in diameter) or glass fiber fabric (150 µm in thickness) in between the bonding surfaces. These spacers ensure that the epoxy resin layer is of uniform thickness. It also utilizes the principle of glass-epoxy compositing to increase mechanical strength by fiber reinforcement and load distribution [3, 4].The above bonding apparatus has been proven to increase the bonding strength by experiments. Acoustic transducers bonded with this technique passed the high pressure, high temperature tests resembling the oil drilling conditions.

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Sakai, Taiji, Nobuhiro Imaizumi, Masataka Mizukoshi, Masayuki Kawase, Ryoji Tanimoto, Takashi Mori, Kohei Takeda, and Toshio Enami. "Hybrid Bonding Methods Using Ultra Precision Cutting for 3D-SIC." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, DPC (January 1, 2012): 001701–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2012dpc-wp12.

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We have developed Cu-Cu/adhesives hybrid bonding technique by using collective cutting of Cu bumps and adhesives in order to achieve high density 3D-SIC. It is considered that progression of fine pitch interconnection leads to lower height of bonding electrodes, resulting in narrow gap between 3D-SICs. Therefore, it is difficult to fill in adhesive to such a narrow gap 3D-SICs after bonding, so we consider that hybrid bonding of pre-applied adhesives and Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding must be advantageous, in terms of void less bonding and minimizing bonding stress by adhesives and also low electricity by Cu-Cu solid diffusion bonding. In the present study, we adapted the following process; at first adhesives were spin coated on the wafer with Cu post and then pre-baked. After that, pre-applied adhesives and Cu bumps were successfully cut by single crystal diamond bite. Typical adhesives may cause bite damage with continuous cutting, but in this research, we selected low damage adhesive against continuous cutting, which is important properties to commercial uses. Then, chips with adhesives were attached to substrates and Cu oxidation layer was removed by exposing formic acid atmosphere. Finally permanent bonding was done at 225 degree C for 30 minutes. We concluded that solid diffusion between bonded Cu bumps could be achieved and no adhesive residue could be seen between bonded interfaces by TEM/EDX analysis.

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Kamimura, Takumi, Sanichiro Yoshida, and Tomohiro Sasaki. "Evaluation of Ultrasonic Bonding Strength with Optoacoustic Methods." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (June 23, 2018): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071026.

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Vibhute, PJ. "Two new methods for direct bonding ′lingual retainers′." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 27, no. 2 (2009): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.55337.

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Chu, T. M., A. N. Gent, S. Sukthankar, and N. P. Reddy. "BONDING METHODS FOR STRAIN GAGES ON POLYPROPYLENE MATERIAL." Experimental Techniques 20, no. 5 (September 1996): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.1996.tb00461.x.

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Paparo, Albert, and Jun Okuda. "Carbon dioxide complexes: Bonding modes and synthetic methods." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 334 (March 2017): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.005.

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Sun, Y. H., L. Yu, G. B. Ji, Jian Qin Liu, and Wei Guo. "The Efficiency Analysis on Cutting Power of EPB Shield Cutter." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.706.

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There are two basic types of EPB shield cutter: panel type and spoke type. The efficiency and process of the driving work will be directly related to the chose of the cutter type. Torque model of the shield cutter can be established by analyzing the load under working conditions. Methods to analyze the efficiency of two different types of cutters under working conditions can be explored, through analysis with specific examples of projects in this paper. Thus, theoretical basis can be provided for analyzing and studying the efficiency of shield cutter.

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Mahzari, Milad, Robert D. Braun, and Todd R. White. "Reconstruction of Mars Pathfinder Aeroheating and Heat Shield Response Using Inverse Methods." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 50, no. 6 (November 2013): 1171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.a32462.

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YOSHIMOTO, Masahiro, Takasi NOBUOKA, Yasuhiro KASAI, and Masahiro OOTSUKA. "DURABILITY ASSURANCE METHODS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SEGMENTS OF SHIELD TUNNELS FOR TRANSMISSION." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 763 (2004): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2004.763_119.

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Pérez-Pichel, Germán, Térénig Arzoumanian, Chang Hyun Noh, Manoj Panchal, Dongkwon Kang, Naresh Gupta, Jean-Marc Martinez, et al. "Strategy and methods on thermal integrity management of the ITER Thermal Shield." Fusion Engineering and Design 146 (September 2019): 2302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.177.

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Yoo, Chung-Sik, and Hun-Min Jeon. "A comparative study on methods for shield tunnel segment lining sectional forces." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 14, no. 3 (May 31, 2012): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2012.14.3.159.

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Zhang, Rong Jun, Jun Jie Zheng, and You Kou Dong. "Elaborate Simulation Method for the Influence of Soil Excavation of Shield Tunnels on Existing Pile Foundations." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.270.

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Existing numerical simulation methods tend to neglect some details of shield tunnelling and the cyclic shear characteristics of pile-soil interface. In this paper, an elaborate simulation method is firstly proposed to simulate the advancing of shield machines according to the details of shield tunnelling. Then an improved constitutive model for pile-soil interface, which can factually consider the cyclic shear characteristics, is also developed. Finally, through a case study, it can be found that the proposed simulation method can provide reliable estimation for this problem, and it is important to factually consider the cyclic shear characteristics of pile-soil interface.

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Li, Run Jun, Ren Liang Shan, Qiu Lin Liao, and Fu Mei Wu. "New Developments and Applications in Rail Transit Construction Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1065.

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Combining with the practical engineering case, the paper summarizes the shallow mining method construction mechanism, construction methods and auxiliary technology. Aiming at the problems in the shield construction, the paper introduces the shield machine equipment’s latest comprehensive construction and technology, especially the shield technology dealing with the conglomerate stratum where the water and boulders is rich. It fills the domestic blank; Deep grouting and pipe roof reinforcement technology are aimed at the specific sources of risk; Whole cross-section of pallet trucks, electric vehicles, automatic metering and other new equipment have been widely applied to the construction site.

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Feng, Huan Huan, Kui Chen, and Zhu Feng Wang. "Research on High-Efficiency Rock Fragmentation of TBM Cutter-Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1398.

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Rock breaking mechanism and coupling effect rule between cutter tool and surrounding rock were researched, in order to resolve the shield construction problem of shield cutter tool breaking rock. The optimal broken rock cutter spacing of some common rocks was put forward, and the broken rock mechanism of multi-tool is perfected. Considering the impact of various factors,this paper obtains a new calculation method of compound shield total thrust force and cutter-head torque with mathematical and mechanical methods. The research results can be used for design of thrust force and torque, tool selection and arrange.

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Hu, Peng, Zhongyuan Zhou, Jinpeng Li, Xiang Zhou, Mingjie Sheng, Peng Li, and Qi Zhou. "Measurement Techniques for Electromagnetic Shielding Behavior of Braided-Shield Power Cables: An Overview and Comparative Study." Measurement Science Review 19, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2019-0028.

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Abstract More and more EMC tests have shown that the radiated emission problems of the equipment under test mainly concentrate on the intercon- nected power cables and cable connectors. Measurement of shielding performance is a prerequisite for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the frequency-dependent characteristic of braided-shield power cables and cable connectors. Due to the asymmetric geometric structures of these cable assemblies, compared with the coaxial and symmetrical communication cables, the commonly used transfer impedance testing methods may not be suitable. In view of this, several improved simple and effective measurement methods, including transfer impedance and shield reduction factor testing methods, were proposed in recent years. These methods, based on the equivalent circuit model of the characteristic parameters, provide good repeatability for the measurement of shielding performance. This paper presents an overview analysis of various measurement techniques for shielding performance of power cables and cable connectors, highlights some of its equivalence principle in measurement setups, and showcases a brief comparison between transfer impedance and shield reduction factor.

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Pour, Noushin Hassan, Alireza Farajollahi, Masoud Jamali, Ahad Zeinali, and Amir Ghasemi Jangjou. "Comparison of three and four-field radiotherapy technique and the effect of laryngeal shield on vocal and spinal cord radiation dose in radiotherapy of non-laryngeal head and neck tumors." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2018-0004.

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AbstractIntroduction: Due to the effect of radiation on both the tumor and the surrounding normal tissues, the side effects of radiation in normal tissues are expected. One of the important complications in the head and neck radiotherapy is the doses reached to the larynx and spinal cord of patients with non-laryngeal head and neck tumors.Materials and Methods: In this study, CT scan images of 25 patients with non-laryngeal tumors including; lymph nodes, tongue, oropharynx and nasopharynx were used. A three-field and a four-field treatment planning with and without laryngeal shield in 3D CRT technique were planned for each patient. Subsequently, the values of Dmin, Dmean, Dmax and Dose Volume Histogram from the treatment planning system and NTCP values of spinal cord and larynx were calculated with BIOPLAN and MATLAB software for all patients.Results: Statistical results showed that mean values of doses of larynx in both three and four-field methods were significantly different between with and without shield groups. Comparison of absorbed dose didn’t show any difference between the three and four field methods (P>0.05). Using Shield, just the mean and minimum doses of spinal cord decreased in both three and four fields. The NTCP of the spinal cord and larynx by three and four-field methods with shield in the LKB and EUD models significantly are less than that of the three and four fields without shields, and in the four-field method NTCP of larynx is less than three radiation field.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in doses reached to larynx and spinal cord between the treatments techniques, but laryngeal shield reduce dose and NTCP values in larynx considerably.

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Sheikhzadeh, Ghanbar Ali, S. H. Musavi, and N. Sadoughi. "Effect of a Shield on Mixed Convection in a Rectangular Enclosure with Moving Cold Sidewalls and a Heat Source on the Bottom Wall." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.584.

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In this work, the mixed convention of air inside a rectangular cavity with moving cold sidewalls is studied numerically. A constant flux heat source is attached to the bottom wall of the cavity. A thin thermal shield is located at a specific distance above the heat source. The governing equations are solved using appropriate numerical methods. A parametric study has been conducted and the effects of heat source length, its location and the shield distance from the source on the heat transfer have been investigated. The results show that the heat dissipation increases as the heat source and the shield are moved up to a certain distance towards either sidewall. However, moving them beyond this limiting distance results in the reduction of heat dissipation. It is shown that the presence of shield results in the reduction of the heat transfer coefficient. However, for the normalized distance of the shield from the heat source greater than , the shield’s effect on the reduction of the heat transfer coefficient is less than.

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Anon, Jack B., Carter Denne, and Darcy Rees. "Patient-Worn Enhanced Protection Face Shield for Flexible Endoscopy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 163, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820934777.

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Objectives The primary objective of this study was to compare the protection afforded by a standard face shield design with a new enhanced design in a controlled setting. Methods This study was exempted from review by institutional review board waiver. A flexible fiberoptic endoscopy was placed through stellate openings in the standard face shield and the enhanced face shield. A series of simulated coughs were created with bursts of fluorescein dye through an atomizer tip placed within the test participant’s mouth. Ultraviolet lighting illuminated the test area, and areas of dye splatter were noted. Results Fluorescein dye is easily aerosolized along the lateral inferior aspect of a standard shield with significant contamination of the surrounds. The enhanced face shield maintained a barrier to the aerosolized dye. Discussion Face shields, rather than face masks, should be considered a preferred alternative for the public and for health care professionals alike, as they address many of the personal protective equipment concerns especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngologists are at high risk from aerosol-generating procedures, such as flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, even when wearing personal protective equipment. Here we describe a uniquely designed face shield to be worn by the patient as another layer of protection for the environment and for medical personnel. Implications for Practice During the course of a flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, medical personnel are safely isolated from potential infectious particles with a newly designed face shield.

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Lyeonov, Serhiy, and Lucia Michalkova. "Impact of Tax Effects on Profit Optimisation. Review of International Approaches." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219203016.

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Research background: Deteriorating economic conditions and the risk of an impending crisis underline the need for significant profit optimization, especially in the area of taxation. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to analyse and evaluate the conditions for the creation of a tax shield in the V4 countries on a theoretical level and to confront these findings with the value of the total tax shield in the countries in question. Methods: This study uses the method of two-way analysis of variance with interaction, while also testing the assumptions of the model by normality tests, homogeneity test and post hoc tests (Scheffé and Tukey methods). Findings & Value added: A review of the sources of the tax shield shows that the tax systems in all the countries examined offer similar conditions for the application of tax shields. In a sample of more than 90000 companies, it was found that the level of the total tax shield given as the effective tax rate is similar in all countries examined (except Hungary). The branch of affiliation plays a role only in the environment of Hungarian companies, on the contrary, Slovak companies show homogeneity of the reported effective tax rate. Country and industry affiliation does not have sufficient explanatory power to predict the total tax shield. Conversely, other indicators of financial performance (operating profit) may be suitable indicators of the effective tax rate.

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