Journal articles on the topic 'Methods of association and difference'
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Hashemipour, Sima, Zohreh Yazdi, and Azam Ghorbani. "Occupational Difference in Association of Poor Sleep Quality and Metabolic Syndrome: Differences between Workers and Employees." Sleep Disorders 2021 (September 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9947027.
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Background. Regarding insufficient data about interaction of job in association of sleep quality with metabolic syndrome (MS), this study has been designed to evaluate this association in workers and employees. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 448 municipal staff (employee group: N = 295 ; worker group: N = 153 ) referring for periodic examinations. The relationship between sleep quality and MS and their relevant components was investigated in both groups. Results. In the worker group, poor sleep quality was independently associated with the risk of MS by 3.04 times ( P < 0.01 ). Among the components of metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia was associated with a greater number of sleep disorder components. There was no association between metabolic syndrome and sleep quality in the employee group. Conclusion. Poor sleep quality exerts different effects on metabolic complications in employees and workers.
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Zhong, Hao-Jie, Hui-Xin Xie, Xiao-Min Luo, and Er-Hua Zhang. "Association between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis." Lupus 29, no. 10 (July 7, 2020): 1189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320938447.
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Objective The objective of this study was to explore the association between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods To identify eligible studies, the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 19 September 2019. Associations of periodontitis, and other periodontal parameters, with SLE were assessed. Results Ten studies involving 80,633 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data showed a significant association between periodontitis and SLE (odds ratio=5.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–16.78, p = 0.004). In addition, SLE patients had a higher prevalence of bleeding on probing (mean difference = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00–0.06, p = 0.02) and higher mean clinical attachment loss (mean difference = 0.69, 95% CI 0.39–1.00, p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between SLE and reference subjects in mean plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth or decayed, missing or filled teeth. Conclusions This study demonstrates a significant association between periodontitis and SLE, which indicates that avoidance of periodontitis by maintaining oral health may be a simple and economical way to prevent SLE.
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Marangom, Cristiane, Viviani Souza Peruchi, Marta Assumpção de Andrada e. Silva, Irene Queiroz Marchesan, and Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira. "Association between voice disorder and breathing alteration in children." Revista CEFAC 20, no. 2 (April 2018): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201820217416.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between voice disorder and aspects related to breathing mode in children, according to sex. Methods: 250 children, aged six to nine years, attending a public school in São Paulo city, were selected. The collection consisted of spontaneously audio recorded speech samples. The breathing mode was evaluated for lip resting posture and nasal flow. Three audiologists performed the perceptual evaluation of the voice quality, with the help of GIRBAS scale. The results were associated using the chi-square test (p = 0.05). Results: 50.4% females and 49.6% males. As for the overall grade (G), 12.8% had voice disorder with respect to voice quality. In the breathing mode, 36.8% presented alterations in lip posture and 71.2%, in nasal flow. The associations between voice disorder and gender (p = 0.96), lip posture (p = 0.38) and nasal flow (p = 0.18) and between alterations in the nasal flow and sex (p = 0.449) were not confirmed. The association between lip posture and sex revealed significant differences in favor of males (p = 0.003). Conclusion: there was no statistically significant difference associating voice disorders with breathing mode (lip posture and nasal flow) and gender.
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Lee, Jinhyung, and Sung J. Choi. "Hospital Productivity After Data Breaches: Difference-in-Differences Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): e26157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26157.
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Background Data breaches are an inevitable risk to hospitals operating with information technology. The financial costs associated with data breaches are also growing. The costs associated with a data breach may divert resources away from patient care, thus negatively affecting hospital productivity. Objective After a data breach, the resulting regulatory enforcement and remediation are a shock to a hospital’s patient care delivery. Exploiting this shock, this study aimed to investigate the association between hospital data breaches and productivity by using a generalized difference-in-differences model with multiple prebreach and postbreach periods. Methods The study analyzed the hospital financial data of the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development from 2012 to 2016. The study sample was an unbalanced panel of hospitals with 2610 unique hospital-year observations, including general acute care hospitals. California hospital data were merged with breach data published by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The dependent variable was hospital productivity measured as value added. The difference-in-differences model was estimated using fixed effects regression. Results Hospital productivity did not significantly differ from the baseline for 3 years after a breach. Data breaches were not significantly associated with a reduction in hospital productivity. Before a breach, the productivity of hospitals that experienced a data breach maintained a parallel trend with control hospitals. Conclusions Hospital productivity was resilient against the shocks from a data breach. Nonetheless, data breaches continue to threaten hospitals; therefore, health care workers should be trained in cybersecurity to mitigate disruptions.
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Seth, Sohan, and José C. Príncipe. "Conditional Association." Neural Computation 24, no. 7 (July 2012): 1882–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00298.
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Estimating conditional dependence between two random variables given the knowledge of a third random variable is essential in neuroscientific applications to understand the causal architecture of a distributed network. However, existing methods of assessing conditional dependence, such as the conditional mutual information, are computationally expensive, involve free parameters, and are difficult to understand in the context of realizations. In this letter, we discuss a novel approach to this problem and develop a computationally simple and parameter-free estimator. The difference between the proposed approach and the existing ones is that the former expresses conditional dependence in terms of a finite set of realizations, whereas the latter use random variables, which are not available in practice. We call this approach conditional association, since it is based on a generalization of the concept of association to arbitrary metric spaces. We also discuss a novel and computationally efficient approach of generating surrogate data for evaluating the significance of the acquired association value.
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Azadyekta, Mehrnaz. "Comparison of the Effect Of Three Methods of Creativity Development in Elementary Students in Tehran City." European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.2013.1.11.
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Objectivity: This research was conducted with the objective of examining the effect of three methods of creativity development (brain storming, forced association and synectics) on creativity development in elementary students in Tehran city. Method: The present study was a pretest-posttest experimental design with control group. To measure the dependent variable, creativity, Torance Tests of creativity thinking (Form B) were used. In this study 160 students (80 boy, 80 girl) were randomly selected and divided into four groups (brain storming, forced association, synectics and control group).Results: Results revealed significant difference between pretest and posttest scores of all groups except the control group (brain storming P<0.01,forced association P<0.05,synectics P<0.01). Also, the different between the methods of creativity development was not significant. In other words. none of the creativity methods were superior to the others. However, there was a significant difference between the control groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Regardless of the method, creativity training can lead to an increase in students creativity.
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Horikawa, Chika, Satoru Kodama, Kazuya Fujihara, Yoko Yachi, Shiro Tanaka, Akiko Suzuki, Osamu Hanyu, Hitoshi Shimano, and Hirohito Sone. "Association ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection with Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Diabetes Research 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/250620.
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Objective. To assess the association betweenHelicobacter pylori(HP) infection and glycemic control in patients with diabetes through a meta-analytic approach.Research Design and Methods. Electronic literature searches were conducted for cross-sectional studies that examined the hemoglobin A1c (A1C) level by whether patients with diabetes were or were not carriers of HP. Mean differences in A1C between groups with and without HP infection were pooled with a random-effects model.Results. Thirteen eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the HP carriers did not have significantly higher A1C levels compared with HP noncarriers (mean difference (95% CI), 0.19% (−0.18 to 0.46),P = 0.16). When the analysis was limited to studies targeting patients with type 1 diabetes, there was also no significant difference in A1C (0.69% (−0.31 to 1.68),P = 0.18).Conclusions. There was insufficient evidence that HP infection worsened glycemic control in patients with diabetes.
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CRAWFORD, JOHN R., PAUL H. GARTHWAITE, DAVID C. HOWELL, and ANNALENA VENNERI. "Intra-individual measures of association in neuropsychology: Inferential methods for comparing a single case with a control or normative sample." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9, no. 7 (November 2003): 989–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617703970032.
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Performance on some neuropsychological tests is best expressed as an intra-individual measure of association (such as a parametric or non-parametric correlation coefficient or the slope of a regression line). Examples of the use of intra-individual measures of association (IIMAs) include the quantification of performance on tests designed to assess temporal order memory or the accuracy of time estimation. The present paper presents methods for comparing a patient's performance with a control or normative sample when performance is expressed as an IIMA. The methods test if there is a significant difference between a patient's IIMA and those obtained from controls, yield an estimate of the abnormality of the patient's IIMA, and provide confidence limits on the level of abnormality. The methods can be used with normative or control samples of any size and will therefore be of particular relevance to single-case researchers. A method for comparing the difference between a patient's scores on two measures with the differences observed in controls is also described (one or both measures can be IIMAs). All the methods require only summary statistics (rather than the raw data from the normative or control sample); it is hoped that this feature will encourage the development of norms for tasks that use IIMAs to quantify performance. Worked examples of the statistical methods are provided using data from a clinical case and controls. A computer program (for PCs) that implements the methods is described and made available. (JINS, 2003,9, 989–1000.)
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Lee, Ji Hyun, Ye An Kim, Young Lee, Woo-Dae Bang, and Je Hyun Seo. "Association between interarm blood pressure differences and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 17, no. 4 (July 2020): 147916412094591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164120945910.
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Background: The effect of interarm blood pressure difference on the development of diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease remains unknown. We investigated to determine the impact of interarm blood pressure difference on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study included 563 patients with diabetes, who were evaluated with a simultaneous bilateral blood pressure measurement. The cutoff values for interarm blood pressure difference were 5, 10 and 15 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relation between interarm blood pressure difference and diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease. Results: Diabetic patients with systolic interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5, ⩾10 and ⩾15 mmHg showed an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy [adjusted odds ratio = 1.48 (95% confidence interval = 1.01–2.18), odds ratio = 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 0.99–3.22), odds ratio = 2.29 (95% confidence interval = 1.00–5.23)] after adjustment. There were significant associations between interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5 and ⩾10 mmHg and proteinuria [odds ratio = 1.68 (95% confidence interval = 1.15–2.44), 1.89 (95% confidence interval = 1.05–3.37)]. Conclusion: The association between interarm blood pressure difference and the presence of diabetic retinopathy emerged even for systolic interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5 mmHg without interaction of systolic blood pressure. Systolic interarm blood pressure difference should be considered a surrogate marker for vascular complication in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Tao, Sha-Sha, Yi-Lin Dan, Guo-Cui Wu, Qin Zhang, Tian-Ping Zhang, Yin-Guang Fan, and Hai-Feng Pan. "Association of Leptin Gene Polymorphisms with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Chinese Population." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3789319.
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Background. Recently, increasing studies have revealed that leptin is involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study is aimed at exploring the association of leptin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to RA in a Chinese population. Methods. We recruited 600 RA patients and 600 healthy controls from a Chinese population and analyzed their three leptin SNPs (rs10244329, rs2071045, and rs2167270) using the improved Multiplex Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR) assays. The associations of these SNPs with clinical manifestations of RA were also analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for plasma leptin determination. Results. No significant difference in either allele or genotype frequencies of these three SNPs between RA patients and healthy controls was observed (all P > 0.05 ). Association between the genotype effects of dominant, recessive models was also not found (all P > 0.05 ). No significant difference in plasma leptin levels was detected between RA patients and controls ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Leptin gene (rs10244329, rs2071045, and rs2167270) polymorphisms are not associated with RA genetic susceptibility and its clinical features in the Chinese population.
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Hogan, Helen, Andrew Hutchings, Jerome Wulff, Catherine Carver, Elizabeth Holdsworth, John Welch, David Harrison, and Nick Black. "Interventions to reduce mortality from in-hospital cardiac arrest: a mixed-methods study." Health Services and Delivery Research 7, no. 2 (January 2019): 1–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr07020.
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BackgroundUnchecked patient deterioration can lead to in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and avoidable death. The National Cardiac Arrest Audit (NCAA) has found fourfold variation in IHCA rates and survival between English hospitals. Key to reducing IHCA is both the identification of patients at risk of deterioration and prompt response. A range of targeted interventions have been introduced but implementation varies between hospitals. These differences are likely to contribute to the observed variation between and within hospitals over time.ObjectiveTo determine how interventions aimed at identification and management of deteriorating patients are associated with IHCA rates and outcomes.DesignA mixed-methods study involving a systematic literature review, semistructured interviews with 60 NHS staff, an organisational survey in 171 hospitals and interrupted time series and difference-in-difference analyses (106 hospitals).SettingEnglish hospitals participating in the NCAA audit.ParticipantsNHS staff (approximately 300) and patients (13 million).InterventionsEducation, track-and-trigger systems (TTSs), standardised handover tools and outreach teams.Main outcome measuresIHCA rates, survival and hospital-wide mortality.Data sourcesNCAA, Hospital Episode Statistics, Office for National Statistics Mortality Statistics.MethodsA literature review and qualitative interviews were used to design an organisational survey that determined how interventions have been implemented in practice and across time. Associations between variations in services and IHCA rates and survival were determined using cross-sectional, interrupted time series and difference-in-difference analyses over the index study period (2009/10 to 2014/15).ResultsAcross NCAA hospitals, IHCAs fell by 6.4% per year and survival increased by 5% per year, with hospital mortality decreasing by a similar amount. A national, standard TTS [the National Early Warning Score (NEWS)], introduced in 2012, was adopted by 70% of hospitals by 2015. By 2015, one-third of hospitals had converted from paper-based TTSs to electronic TTSs, and there had been an increase in the number of hospitals with an outreach team and an increase in the number with a team available at all times. The extent of variation in the uses of educational courses and structured handover tools was limited, with 90% of hospitals reporting use of standardised communication tools, such as situation, background, assessment and recommendation, in 2015. Introduction of the NEWS was associated with an additional 8.4% decrease in IHCA rates and, separately, a conversion from paper to electronic TTS use was associated with an additional 7.6% decrease. However, there was no associated change in IHCA survival or hospital mortality. Outreach teams were not associated with a change in IHCA rates, survival or hospital mortality. A sensitivity analysis restricted to ward-based IHCAs did not alter the findings but did identify an association between increased outreach team intensity in 2015 and IHCA survival.LimitationsThe organisational survey was not able to explore all aspects of the interventions and the contextual factors that influenced them. Changes over time were dependent on respondents’ recall.ConclusionsStandardisation of TTSs and introduction of electronic TTSs are associated with a reduction in IHCAs. The apparent lack of impact of outreach teams may reflect their mode of introduction, that their effect is through providing support for implementation of TTS or that the organisation of the response to deterioration is not critical, as long as it is timely. Their role in end-of-life decision-making may account for the observed association with IHCA survival.Future workTo assess the potential impact of outreach teams at hospital level and patient level, and to establish which component of the TTS has the greatest effect on outcomes.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Yunita, Nivea Vila, Kadek Suranata, and Ni Ketut Suarni. "Model Konseling Psikoanalisa dengan Teknik Asosiasi Bebas untuk Meminimalisir Self Heteroseksual." Jurnal Ilmiah Bimbingan Konseling Undiksha 10, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jibk.v10i1.22209.
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This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of psychoanalysis counseling with free association techniques to minimize self heteroseksual class VIII B in SMP Negeri 3 Singaraja. The research design used is Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampling of this research using intaq group with the number of members as much as 74 students, each divided into 37 students experimental group with 37 students control group. Analysis methods used were (1) Rasch analysis to transform logit scale data, (2) t-brunning to calculate the effectiveness of counseling model of psychoanalysis with free association technique, and (3) t-test to know the effect difference between psychoanalytic counseling model with guidance of classical counseling to heterosexuals in students. The results showed that (a) psychoanalysis counseling with effective free association technique to minimize heterosexual self with thitung > ttable (212,7 > 1,688), (b) There is difference of effectiveness of psychoanalytic counseling model heterosexual effect size 508,35 with guidance of classical counseling to efeect size 0,19 Keywords: Rasch, Analysis, Associations, technique, Psychoanalysis, Counseling, Self Heterosexual
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Kasraeian, Kimiya, and Megan Petrov. "228 The Association of Prior Mental Health Conditions with COVID-19-related Sleep Changes." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.227.
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Abstract Introduction Among persons with mental health conditions, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep health is underexplored. The present study investigated whether sleep changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic differed among individuals with mood and/or anxiety disorders compared to individuals without these disorders. Methods A 25-minute online survey, distributed globally to adults aged >18y through social media advertising from 5/28/2020-7/10/2020, examined the association of mental health diagnoses with COVID-19 related sleep changes. Participants reported prior history of mood and anxiety disorders, and pre-COVID-19 and current sleep patterns including bedtime, wake time, total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE:[TST/time in bed*100%], and nightmare frequency/wk. ANOVA models comparing mental health disorder groups (no diagnoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, mood and anxiety disorders) on mean differences in sleep changes were conducted. Results Among 1,048 participants, 71.5% reported no prior mood and/or anxiety disorders9.3% reported anxiety disorders only, 4.3% reported prior mood disorders only, and 14.9% reported both mood and anxiety disorders. There were significant group differences in total sleep time (F (3,670)=4.6, p=0.003) and sleep efficiency (F (3,670) =2.8, p=0.038) such that individuals with both mood and anxiety disorders experienced greater decreases in total sleep time (Mean Difference: 39.0min, SE=13.0) and sleep efficiency (Mean Difference=3.8%, SE=1.6) compared to individuals without any mood or anxiety disorders. In addition, the model for nightmare frequency per week was significant (F(3,654)=5.6, p=0.001) such that individuals with both anxiety and mood disorders (Mean Difference=1.1, SE=0.4) and individuals with mood disorders only (Mean Difference=1.1, SE=0.4) reported greater increases in nightmare frequency compared to participants without any mood or anxiety disorders. There were no group differences in bedtime and wake time. Conclusion Among a global sample, COVID-19 pandemic-related sleep health significantly worsened among individuals with prior mood and anxiety disorders relative to individuals without these disorders. Support (if any):
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Delea, T. E., A. Khuu, A. Kay, J. Zheng, and J. F. Baladi. "Association between treatment effects on disease progression (DP) endpoints and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 5105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5105.
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5105 Background: Access to safe and effective novel therapies may be expedited if DP endpoints (progression-free survival [PFS], time to progression [TTP], or event-free survival) are established as valid surrogates for OS in pivotal studies in mRCC. While the association between DP endpoints and OS has been established in other cancers, it has not been rigorously examined in patients with mRCC. We assessed the association between treatment effects on DP endpoints and treatment effects on OS in controlled trials of patients with mRCC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted (Medline, conference abstracts, references of retrieved studies/ reviews) to identify studies meeting the following criteria: controlled trials in mRCC of IL-2, IFN-α, sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, bevacizumab, temsirolimus, or everolimus; English language; publication date≥1997; median time to DP and OS reported for 2 or more treatment groups. For each treatment group comparison, we calculated the differences in median time to DP and median OS and analyzed the association between the differences in median time to DP and differences in median OS using weighted ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression. Results: A total of 21 studies representing 6182 patients, 52 treatment groups, and 35 comparisons were identified. The median difference between treatment groups in time to DP averaged 1.3 months; the median difference between treatment groups in OS averaged 2.8 months. The correlation between differences in median time to DP and differences in median OS was 0.69 (p < 0.0001). In weighted OLS regression, a 1 month difference in DP was associated with a 1.4 month difference in OS (p < 0.0001, adjusted R-sq = 0.46). Conclusions: In patients receiving treatment for mRCC, treatment effects on DP endpoints are predictive of treatment effects on OS. [Table: see text]
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Chan, Joseph, Connie Irene Diakos, David Lok Hang Chan, Alexander Engel, Nick Pavlakis, Anthony J. Gill, and Stephen John Clarke. "Colorectal cancer sidedeness and its association with survival and tumor biology in operable patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e15110-e15110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e15110.
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e15110 Background: Recent data from patients with metastatic disease enrolled on trials of systemic chemotherapy have suggested that the sidedness of colorectal cancer(CRC) is associated with survival differences with better response seen with right sided tumours. The biological explanation for these differences has not been confirmed and there have been concerns that the differences relate predominantly to patient selection in clinical trial design. This study examines survival differences by side in sequential patients with newly diagnosed, operable CRC. Methods: Data for 3281 consecutive patients from the Northern Sydney Local Health District from 1998 to 2012 who underwent surgical resection of their CRC were retrospectively collected. Survival was assessed by log-rank test, association between sidedness and tumor biology by chi squared analysis and multivariate analysis by Cox regression. Results: Overall, there was a survival difference between left and right sided colon cancer and rectal cancer (p < 0.022). However, stage for stage, only stage 3 patients demonstrated a survival difference with right sided colon cancers (median OS 67.1 months, p = 0.009) but not left sided colon cancers (70.4 months p = 0.132) having inferior survival compared to rectal cancers (83.2 months). In terms of biological associations, right sided tumors were more associated with advanced age (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001), more advanced T and m stage (p < 0.001), high grade (p < 0.001), thin walled vessel invasion (p < 0.001), discontinuous extratumoral nodules (DETN) (p < 0.001), peritumoral lymphocytic response (p = 0.002), BRAFV600E mutation (p < 0.001), mismatch repair deficiency (p < 0.001), low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (p < 0.001) and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.001), T stage and m stage (p = 0.001), grade (p = 0.002), extra venous permeation(p = 0.034), DETN (p = 0.09), MMR-BRAF combined status (p = 0.001) and LMR (p < 0.001) remained independently significant. Conclusions: There appears to be a difference in survival related to tumor site only in stage 3 CRC. Differences in tumor biology could account for these findings.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando, Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado, Yaira Barranco-Ruiz, María Jesús Aranda-Balboa, and Palma Chillón. "Are the Parents’ and Their Children’s Physical Activity and Mode of Commuting Associated? Analysis by Gender and Age Group." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 6864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186864.
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Background: Some studies have reported a positive parent–child association between physical activity (PA), but few have examined the difference in these associations concerning both genders. The objective of this study was to establish the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and mode of commuting (MC) of the parents with their children by gender and age group. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 686 mothers and fathers (43.4 ± 6.5 years old) and their children (children 9.7 ± 1.7 y. and adolescents 14.0 ± 1.7 y.). Each participant completed a questionnaire on PA and MC. Chi-square test, odds ratio for categorical variables, and lineal regressions for continuous variables were used to examine the parent–child associations. Results: An inverse association was found between fathers–children in the weekend MVPA in children and between mothers–adolescents in out-of-school and weekend MVPA. An inverse association was found in MVPA between mothers-girls, and the different parents’ MC to work was positively associated with the MC to school in children and adolescents except for the association AC parents–adolescents. The AC was mainly associated between mothers and girls and boys. Conclusions: A weak association in parent–child MVPA but a strong association in MC between parent–child was found.
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Takvorian, Samuel U., Justin E. Bekelman, Ronac Mamtani, Lawrence N. Shulman, and Rachel M. Werner. "Association of state Medicaid expansion with timeliness of cancer care delivery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18126-e18126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18126.
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e18126 Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid eligibility to nonelderly adults with incomes at or below 138% of the federal poverty level in participating states. Medicaid expansion has been associated with earlier cancer stage at diagnosis; however, its impact on cancer treatment is unknown. Methods: We assembled retrospective cohorts of adult nonelderly patients (ages 40-64) with newly diagnosed breast, colon and lung cancer from January 2011 to December 2015, using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). We conducted a quasi-experimental, difference-in-differences analysis to compare Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states on timeliness of cancer therapy, stage at diagnosis, and insurance status for the years before (2011-2013) and after ACA Medicaid expansion (2014-2015). Results: There were 466,314 patients in expansion states (mean age, 54.7 years; 81.5% women) and 487,958 patients in non-expansion states (mean age, 54.9 years; 78.5% women). In expansion states relative to non-expansion states, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients initiating cancer therapy within 30 days (adjusted difference-in-difference (DID) estimate -0.1%; 95% CI -0.8 to +0.7%, p = 0.868) or within 90 days of diagnosis (adjusted DID estimate -0.1%; 95% CI -0.3 to +0.1%, p = 0.501), before and after expansion. Among those with early-stage cancers undergoing definitive therapy, there was similarly no significant difference in time to treatment. Relative to non-expansion states, the proportion of early stage cancer diagnoses increased more (adjusted DID estimate +0.7%; 95% CI +0.3 to +1.2%, p = 0.002), and the proportion of advanced stage cancers decreased more (adjusted DID estimate -0.4%; 95% CI -0.7 to -0.1%, p = 0.008) in expansion states. The proportion uninsured at diagnosis decreased more in expansion states (adjusted DID estimate -0.8%; 95% CI -1.2 to -0.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among nonelderly patients with common cancers, ACA Medicaid expansion was associated with an increase in the proportion of cancers diagnosed at early stage, a decrease in the proportion of cancers diagnosed at advanced stage, and a decrease in the proportion of uninsured. There was no significant effect on the timeliness of treatment.
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Lara, Alejandro, Nat Gopalswamy, Tatiana Niembro, Román Pérez-Enríquez, and Seiji Yashiro. "Space, time and velocity association of successive coronal mass ejections." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936016.
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Aims. Our aim is to investigate the possible physical association between consecutive coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Methods. Through a statistical study of the main characteristics of 27 761 CMEs observed by SOHO/LASCO during the past 20 years. Results. We found the waiting time (WT) or time elapsed between two consecutive CMEs is < 5 h for 59% and < 25 h for 97% of the events, and the CME WTs follow a Pareto Type IV statistical distribution. The difference of the position-angle of a considerable population of consecutive CME pairs is less than 30°, indicating the possibility that their source locations are in the same region. The difference between the speed of trailing and leading consecutive CMEs follows a generalized Student t-distribution. The fact that the WT and the speed difference have heavy-tailed distributions along with a detrended fluctuation analysis shows that the CME process has a long-range dependence. As a consequence of the long-range dependence, we found a small but significative difference between the speed of consecutive CMEs, with the speed of the trailing CME being higher than the speed of the leading CME. The difference is largest for WTs < 2 h and tends to be zero for WTs > 10 h, and it is more evident during the ascending and descending phases of the solar cycle. We suggest that this difference may be caused by a drag force acting over CMEs closely related in space and time. Conclusions. Our results show that the initiation and early propagation of a significant population of CMEs cannot be considered as a “pure” stochastic process; instead they have temporal, spatial, and velocity relationship.
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Ahmed, Abubakr, Gaitri Sadadcharam, Felicity Huisma, Katrina Fogarty, Muhammad Mushtaque, Azher Shafiq, and Paul Redmond. "Postoperative Complications following Nodal Dissection and Their Association with Melanoma Recurrence." ISRN Surgery 2013 (February 26, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/382138.
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Background. Although postoperative complications are common after lymph node dissection, its association with disease recurrence has not yet been fully investigated. Methods. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted, looking at all malignant melanoma patients with sentinel nodes positive disease requiring axillary or inguinal dissection between 2002 and 2011. Results. A total of 124 patients required nodal clearance from 317 patients with stage I/II malignant melanoma who had undergone sentinel lymph node biopsy. Of these, 104 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into inguinal lymph node dissections (ILND; ) or axillary lymph node dissections (ALND; ). Immunohistochemical deposits had higher detection rate in ALND (). The ILND patients had a higher recurrence rate (84.1% versus 63.4%; ) and mortality (68.3% versus 48.8%; ) without a significant difference in complications. In patients whom complications developed, 75% of the ILND group and 71.4% of the ALND group had disease recurrence, but without reaching a statistical value as an independent predictor of melanoma recurrence. Conclusion. Complications are common following ILND and ALND; however there is no significant difference in complications rates between the groups with some associations with recurrence without reaching a significant difference.
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Pang, Eric Quan, Nathan Douglass, and Robin N. Kamal. "Association of Lunate Morphology With Carpal Instability in Scapholunate Ligament Injury." HAND 13, no. 4 (May 19, 2017): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944717709073.
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Background: We examined the relationship between lunate morphology (type 1 without a medial facet; type II with a medial facet) and dorsal intercalated segmental instability (DISI) in patients with scapholunate ligament injuries. We tested the primary null hypothesis that there is no relationship between lunate morphology and development of DISI. Secondary analysis compared the agreement of classifying lunate morphology based on the presence of a medial lunate facet, capitate-to-triquetrum (CT) distance, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with known scapholunate ligament injuries from 2001 to 2016. Posterior-anterior radiographs and MRI, when available, were evaluated. CT distances were measured as a secondary classification method. DISI and scapholunate instability were determined as radiolunate angle >15° and scapholunate angle >60°, respectively. Differences between groups were determined using chi-square analysis with significance set at P < .05. Agreement between plain radiographs, MRI, and CT distance was calculated using the kappa statistic. Results: Our search found 58 of 417 patients who met inclusion criteria; 41 of 58 had type II and 17 of 58 had type I lunates. There was no significant difference between groups in regard to DISI or scapholunate instability. Subanalysis using MRI alone or correcting any discrepancy between plain film and MRI classification, using MRI as the standard, found no difference between groups in regard to DISI or scapholunate instability. Conclusions: In patients with scapholunate ligament injuries, there are no differences in the development of DISI or scapholunate instability between patients with type I and type II lunates.
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Gadieva, S. S., and P. F. Gahramanov. "Application of methods of finite differences for solving model equations of thermal association." Herald of Dagestan State University 32, no. 4 (2017): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2542-0321-2017-32-4-38-46.
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Wilcox, Rand R., and H. J. Keselman. "Modern Regression Methods that can Substantially Increase Power and Provide a more Accurate Understanding of Associations." European Journal of Personality 26, no. 3 (May 2012): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.860.
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During the last half century, hundreds of papers published in statistical journals have documented general conditions where reliance on least squares regression and Pearson's correlation can result in missing even strong associations between variables. Moreover, highly misleading conclusions can be made, even when the sample size is large. There are, in fact, several fundamental concerns related to non–normality, outliers, heteroscedasticity, and curvature that can result in missing a strong association. Simultaneously, a vast array of new methods has been derived for effectively dealing with these concerns. The paper (i) reviews why least squares regression and classic inferential methods can fail, (ii) provides an overview of the many modern strategies for dealing with known problems, including some recent advances, and (iii) illustrates that modern robust methods can make a practical difference in our understanding of data. Included are some general recommendations regarding how modern methods might be used. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Puranik, Manjunath P., Deepa Bullappa, KR Sowmya, and T. Nagarathnamma. "Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 10, no. 2 (2017): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1420.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating mothers were interviewed regarding child's demographic profile, educational level and socioeconomic status of parents, past medical and dental history of the mother and child, child's feeding habits, and dietary habits and oral hygiene practices of mother and child. Clinical examination for dental caries was done using the World Health Organization criteria (1997). Salivary samples of mother–child pair were collected to determine the pH, flow rate, and S. mutans count. Statistical tests, such as Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were applied. Results Out of 150 mother–child pair, statistically significant difference in the caries experience was found between mothers and children with high and low S. mutans count. Moderate but statistically significant negative correlation was found between mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth of mothers and mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) of children with high S. mutans count. Regarding deft, there was no statistically significant difference between children who were exclusively breast fed (7.85 ± 2.94), exclusively bottle-fed (8.67 ± 3.98), and both breast and bottle-fed (7.77 ± 2.91). Conclusion The mean caries experience of mothers and children was 2.66 ± 2.01 and 7.82 ± 2.94 respectively, with decayed component being maximum. Moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.5) was found between S. mutans of mothers and children in saliva. Significant negative correlation was found between mothers and children with high S. mutans count (r = –0.0284; p = 0.046). How to cite this article Bullappa D, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR, Nagarathnamma T. Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):119-125.
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Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Saharnaz Nedjat, and Yahya Salimi. "Positive Aspects of Caregiving and Caregiver Burden: A Study of Caregivers of Patients With Dementia." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 31, no. 1 (November 29, 2017): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988717743590.
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Background: Now positive aspect of caregiving (PAC) is well-defined as caregiver gains, satisfaction, meaningful life, and enhanced family relationship. The adjusted association of PAC and caregiver burden is not well acknowledged. This study investigated the association of caregiver burden and PAC adjusting for potential confounders. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that recruited 132 caregivers. A linear regression model with PAC was used to estimate the adjusted associations. Results: The caregiver burden was negatively associated with PAC (mean difference in PAC per a 1-unit increase in caregiver burden = −0.12, 95% confidence interval: −0.18 to −0.056; P < .001). This association remained after adjustment for caregivers’ age and marital status as well as patients’ dependency level. Conclusion: The negative significant association of caregiver burden with PAC reinforces the need for interventional and/or educational programs aiming at decreasing the overall imposed burden. This can play an important role in improving caregivers’ general health and quality of life.
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Akkoca, Özlem, Haldun Oğuz, Ceren Ersöz Ünlü, Emine Aydın, Kadir Ozdel, and Ali Kavuzlu. "Association Between Nasal Obstruction Symptoms and Anxiety." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 99, no. 7 (February 13, 2020): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561319900747.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between nasal function assessment and anxiety scales. Methods: A total of 120 patients with the complaint of nasal obstruction were classified as nasal septum deviation group (DNS) and no nasal pathology group (NON). A control group was formed of 57 healthy participants. Nasal obstruction severity was assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, nasal resistance level with rhinomanometry and anxiety levels with the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), and the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between both the DNS and the NON groups and control group in terms of NOSE scale, ACQ, and BSQ ( P < .001). The total nasal resistance values were higher in the DNS group compared to both the NON and control groups ( P < .001), although the difference between the NON group and control group was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that patients with nasal breathing complaints, but no organic pathology, had the same level of nasal obstruction symptoms as patients with nasal septal deviations. Anxiety levels are elevated in patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction, even when there is lack of organic nasal pathology.
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Smith, V. Anne, and David White. "Testing measures of animal social association by computer simulation." Behaviour 144, no. 11 (2007): 1447–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907782418259.
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AbstractTechniques used to measure patterns of affiliation among social animals have rarely been tested for accuracy. One reason for this lack of validation is that it is often impossible to compare sample data to the true distribution of social assortment of a group of animals. Here we test some methods of assessing social assortment by using a computer simulation of organisms whose assortment patterns were under our control. We created male and female organisms that moved in a direction that was based on a social bias parameter. As the weight of this parameter increased, organisms were more likely to move in the direction of others of their sex. We then created virtual observers to sample assortment of the organisms under different social bias conditions. Observers used three different techniques of measuring assortment. These were (1) group membership: noting all organisms that were associated in the same 'group', (2) nearest neighbour: noting the nearest organism to a randomly selected individual and (3) neighbourhood: noting all organisms near a selected individual. Neighbourhood was taken either by all-occurrence sampling or by focal sampling the associations of randomly selected individuals. Some techniques emerged as more sensitive than others under different conditions and biases were revealed in some measures. For example, the group membership method was biased toward finding significant assortment differences between the sexes when no difference actually existed. Nearest neighbour was insensitive to finding a difference in assortment between sexes when one existed. Focal sampling was less sensitive to finding effects than all-occurrence sampling. The computer simulation revealed properties of each technique that would have been impossible to detect in the field.
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Eloy, Jean Anderson, Shawn Li, Khushabu Kasabwala, Nitin Agarwal, David R. Hansberry, Soly Baredes, and Michael Setzen. "Readability Assessment of Patient Education Materials on Major Otolaryngology Association Websites." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 147, no. 5 (August 3, 2012): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599812456152.
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Objective Various otolaryngology associations provide Internet-based patient education material (IPEM) to the general public. However, this information may be written above the fourth- to sixth-grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association (AMA) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). The purpose of this study was to assess the readability of otolaryngology-related IPEMs on various otolaryngology association websites and to determine whether they are above the recommended reading level for patient education materials. Study Design and Setting Analysis of patient education materials from 9 major otolaryngology association websites. Methods The readability of 262 otolaryngology-related IPEMs was assessed with 8 numerical and 2 graphical readability tools. Averages were evaluated against national recommendations and between each source using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) analysis. Mean readability scores for each otolaryngology association website were compared. Results Mean website readability scores using Flesch Reading Ease test, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Coleman-Liau Index, SMOG grading, Gunning Fog Index, New Dale-Chall Readability Formula, FORCAST Formula, New Fog Count Test, Raygor Readability Estimate, and the Fry Readability Graph ranged from 20.0 to 57.8, 9.7 to 17.1, 10.7 to 15.9, 11.6 to 18.2, 10.9 to 15.0, 8.6 to 16.0, 10.4 to 12.1, 8.5 to 11.8, 10.5 to 17.0, and 10.0 to 17.0, respectively. ANOVA results indicate a significant difference ( P < .05) between the websites for each individual assessment. Conclusion The IPEMs found on all otolaryngology association websites exceed the recommended fourth- to sixth-grade reading level.
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Skriver, Mette Vinther, Michael Væth, and Henrik Støvring. "Loss of life expectancy derived from a standardized mortality ratio in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 7 (January 31, 2018): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817749050.
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Aims: The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is a widely used measure. A recent methodological study provided an accurate approximate relationship between an SMR and difference in lifetime expectancies. This study examines the usefulness of the theoretical relationship, when comparing historic mortality data in four Scandinavian populations. Methods: For Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, data on mortality every fifth year in the period 1950 to 2010 were obtained. Using 1980 as the reference year, SMRs and difference in life expectancy were calculated. The assumptions behind the theoretical relationship were examined graphically. The theoretical relationship predicts a linear association with a slope, [Formula: see text], between log(SMR) and difference in life expectancies, and the theoretical prediction and calculated differences in lifetime expectancies were compared. We examined the linear association both for life expectancy at birth and at age 30. All analyses were done for females, males and the total population. Results: The approximate relationship provided accurate predictions of actual differences in lifetime expectancies. The accuracy of the predictions was better when age was restricted to above 30, and improved if the changes in mortality rate were close to a proportional change. Slopes of the linear relationship were generally around 9 for females and 10 for males. Conclusions: The theoretically derived relationship between SMR and difference in life expectancies provides an accurate prediction for comparing populations with approximately proportional differences in mortality, and was relatively robust. The relationship may provide a useful prediction of differences in lifetime expectancies, which can be more readily communicated and understood.
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Bekelis, Kimon, Symeon Missios, and Todd A. MacKenzie. "Outcomes of Elective Cerebral Aneurysm Treatment Performed by Attending Neurosurgeons after Night Work." Neurosurgery 82, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx174.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The association between long work hours and outcomes among attending surgeons remains an issue of debate. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether operating emergently the night before an elective case was associated with inferior outcomes among attending neurosurgeons. METHODS We executed a cohort study with unruptured cerebral aneurysm patients, who underwent endovascular coiling or surgical clipping from 2009 to 2013 and were registered in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. We investigated the association of treatment by surgeons performing emergency procedures the night before with outcomes of elective cerebral aneurysm treatment using an instrumental variable analysis. RESULTS Overall, 4700 patients underwent treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. There was no difference in inpatient mortality (adjusted difference, –0.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –1.4% to 0.02%), discharge to a facility (adjusted difference, –0.1%; 95% CI, –1.2% to 1.2%), or length of stay (adjusted difference, –0.58; 95% CI, –1.66 to 0.50) between patients undergoing elective cerebral aneurysm treatment by surgeons who performed emergency procedures the night before, and those who did not. CONCLUSION Using a comprehensive patient cohort in New York State for elective treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms, we did not identify an association of treatment by surgeons performing emergency procedures the night before, with mortality, discharge to a facility, or length of stay. Our study had 80% power to detect differences in mortality (our primary outcome), as small as 4.1%. The results of the present study do not support the argument for regulation of attending work hours.
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Gibson, Rachel, Chung-Ho E. Lau, Ruey Leng Loo, Timothy M. D. Ebbels, Elena Chekmeneva, Alan R. Dyer, Katsuyuki Miura, et al. "The association of fish consumption and its urinary metabolites with cardiovascular risk factors: the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz293.
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ABSTRACT Background Results from observational studies regarding associations between fish (including shellfish) intake and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure (BP) and BMI, are inconsistent. Objective To investigate associations of fish consumption and associated urinary metabolites with BP and BMI in free-living populations. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP), including 4680 men and women (40–59 y) from Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and United States. Dietary intakes were assessed by four 24-h dietary recalls and BP from 8 measurements. Urinary metabolites (2 timed 24-h urinary samples) associated with fish intake acquired from NMR spectroscopy were identified. Linear models were used to estimate BP and BMI differences across categories of intake and per 2 SD higher intake of fish and its biomarkers. Results No significant associations were observed between fish intake and BP. There was a direct association with fish intake and BMI in the Japanese population sample (P trend = 0.03; fully adjusted model). In Japan, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and taurine, respectively, demonstrated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.81 and 0.78 in discriminating high against low fish intake, whereas homarine (a metabolite found in shellfish muscle) demonstrated an AUC of 0.80 for high/nonshellfish intake. Direct associations were observed between urinary TMAO and BMI for all regions except Japan (P < 0.0001) and in Western populations between TMAO and BP (diastolic blood pressure: mean difference 1.28; 95% CI: 0.55, 2.02 mmHg; P = 0.0006, systolic blood pressure: mean difference 1.67; 95% CI: 0.60, 2.73 mmHg; P = 0.002). Conclusions Urinary TMAO showed a stronger association with fish intake in the Japanese compared with the Western population sample. Urinary TMAO was directly associated with BP in the Western but not the Japanese population sample. Associations between fish intake and its biomarkers and downstream associations with BP/BMI appear to be context specific. INTERMAP is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005271.
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Carregaro, Rodrigo Luiz, Aline Martins de Toledo, Gustavo Christofoletti, Ana Beatriz de Oliveira, Jefferson Rosa Cardoso, and Rosimeire Simprini Padula. "Association between work engagement and perceived exertion among healthcare workers." Fisioterapia em Movimento 26, no. 3 (September 2013): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-51502013000300011.
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INTRODUCTION: Complaints and musculoskeletal discomforts are common manifestations of individuals affected by work-related disorders (WRMD), and the influence of individual and/or psychosocial risk factors may play a significant role in WRMD development. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and to compare work engagement (WE) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and to assess the association between indexes of WE and RPE among healthcare workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen female subjects (36 ± 11 years, 1.58 ± 0.06 m and 59 ± 9 kg) participated, all officially employed on a nonprofit agency. The Nordic Questionnaire was used to evaluate musculoskeletal complaints and the Borg Scale used to evaluate the RPE. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale quantified WE (vigor, dedication and absorption domains). Participants were divided into two groups, according to their sectors: healthcare clinics and institution for the elderly. The independent student t test was used to verify differences between groups and the chi-square test to verify associations between variables. RESULTS: All subjects reported musculoskeletal complaints, mainly in the low back (58%). RPE did not differ between groups, while in the vigor, it was found a significant statistically difference (p = 0.035). An association between RPE and vigor and RPE and dedication was establish (p = 0.02 and p = 0.036, respectively). CONCLUSION: The association between WE and RPE suggests that workers with lower indexes of vigor and dedication may perceive greater physical demand, which can be imposed by work demands.
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Fatima, Farheen, Mubassar Fida, and Attiya Shaikh. "The association between palatal rugae pattern and dental malocclusion." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 24, no. 1 (February 2019): 037e1–037e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.24.1.37.e1-9.onl.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Palatal rugae complete its development during early intrauterine life, whereas dental malocclusions in permanent dentition establishes several years into the post-natal life. Objective: The objective of present study was to determine if there is an association between the palatal rugae pattern and Angle’s classes of malocclusion. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pretreatment dental casts of 184 patients. The sample was divided into the following groups: Class I, Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III. The number of palatal rugae was recorded, bilaterally. The length, pattern and orientation of three anterior-most primary rugae on both sides were recorded. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 17.8 ± 5.4 years. The mean number of the palatal rugae was 11.18 ± 2.5, with significant differences among different malocclusion groups. The length of the first rugae on left side and third rugae on both sides varied significantly among the groups (p< 0.05). Similarly, the pattern of palatal rugae was also found to be significantly different among the malocclusion groups. The right sided rugae did not have any significant difference in the orientation in different malocclusion groups; however, the left sided rugae showed significant differences among the four malocclusion groups (p< 0.001). Conclusions: The current study showed subtle differences in the palatal rugae pattern among the Angle’s classes of malocclusion. Similarly, the length and orientation of some rugae were also found to be significantly different between malocclusion groups.
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Signorovitch, James, Fabrice Andre, Ruchuan Wang, Ines Lorenzo, Antonia Ridolfi, Jinhee Park, Mirko Fillbrunn, Akanksha Dua, and Hope S. Rugo. "PIK3CA mutation status and progression-free survival in advanced hormone receptor positive (HR+)/ human endocrine receptor negative (HER2–) metastatic breast cancer (mBC): A meta-analysis of published clinical trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1069.
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1069 Background: Approximately 40% of HR+/HER2- mBC patients harbor PIK3CA mutation. Associations between PIK3CA mutation status and clinical outcomes among patients with HR+/HER2- mBC have been heterogeneous across clinical trials. We synthesized available evidence from clinical trials to estimate the association between PIK3CA status and progression-free survival (PFS) using a meta-analysis adjusting for study design differences. Methods: Randomized clinical trials reporting PFS stratified by PIK3CA status in HR+/HER2- mBC were identified via a systematic literature review. Trial arms receiving PIK3CA targeted therapies were excluded. Median PFS, 6-, 12- and 18-month PFS rates, and data on trial design features were extracted. Associations between PIK3CA status and PFS were estimated adjusting for study follow-up duration, PIK3CA testing method (ctDNA vs tissue ) and study treatment using multi-level random effects meta-regression. Results: The analyzed data included 3,238 patients from 33 study arms across 11 trials ( PIK3CA mutated (MT): 1,386, wild type (WT): 1,852). PIK3CA mutation was overall associated with shorter median PFS (difference [95% CI] (months): -2.15 [-4.14, -0.15]) with substantial heterogeneity across studies ( I2 = 98.34%). The direction of this association was robust to adjustment for study treatment (-1.27 [-2.22, -0.32]). The association was stronger for ctDNA testing (-2.16 [-3.65, -0.66]; N (total patients): 1,876) than for tissue testing (-0.65 [-2.2, 0.91]; N: 998). Findings were similar for 6-month PFS rates (absolute rate difference -9.17% [-14.22, -4.12], N: 3,179; MT: 1,366, WT: 1,813). Associations were directionally consistent but not statistically significant at 12 months (N = 2,487; MT: 1,056, WT: 1,431) and 18 months (N = 1,745; MT: 811, WT: 934), potentially due to the decreasing precision towards the tails of the PFS curves and significant heterogeneity across studies. Conclusions: Pooling evidence across multiple studies, PIK3CA mutation was associated with shorter PFS, especially when ctDNA testing was used. These findings suggest a negative prognostic value of PIK3CA mutation in patients with HR+/HER2- mBC.
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Wanderley, Miriam, Lara Pereira, Carla Santos, Vinícius Cunha, and Mariam Neves. "Association between Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 40, no. 04 (April 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642634.
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Objective To analyze the association between the indirect methods of evaluating insulin resistance (IR) and blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters in a population of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Methods Cross-sectional study performed at the Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB, in the Portuguese acronym) involving PCOS patients diagnosed from January 2011 to January 2013. Four indirect methods, namely, fasting blood insulin level, fasting glucose/insulin ratio (G/I), homeostatic model-assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), were used to obtain the IR diagnosis. The data were analyzed using the test of proportions, the Chi-square test, and Fisher exact test, when indicated. Results Out of the 83 patients assessed, aged 28.79 ± 5.85, IR was found in 51.81–66.2% of them using the G/I ratio and the QUICKI, respectively. The test of proportions did not show a significant difference between the methods analyzed. The proportion of IR diagnoses was statistically higher in obese women than in women with normal body mass index (BMI). We observed a statistically significant association between all the methods for diagnosing IR and BMI, waist circumference (WC) and lipid accumulation product (LAP). With regards to arterial hypertension (AH), we observed a significant association according to three methods, with the exception of the ratio G/I. Conclusion Insulin resistance prevalence varied according to the diagnostic method employed, with no statistical difference between them. The proportion of IR diagnoses was statistically higher in obese women than in women with normal BMI. We observed a significant association between IR and WC, BMI, LAP, as well as dyslipidemia and AH in a high proportion of patients.
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AlRyalat, Saif Aldeen, Khaled Al Oweidat, Mohammad Al-Essa, Khaled Ashouri, Osama El Khatib, Athar Al-Rawashdeh, Abeer Yaseen, Ahmad Toumar, and Anas Alrwashdeh. "Influenza Altmetric Attention Score and its association with the influenza season in USA." F1000Research 9 (February 7, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22127.1.
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Background: Altmetrics measure the impact of journal articles by tracking social media, Wikipedia, public policy documents, blogs, and mainstream news activity, after which an overall Altmetric attention score (AAS) is calculated for every journal article. In this study, we aim to assess the AAS for influenza related articles and its relation to the influenza season in USA. Methods: This study used the openly available Altmetric data from Altmetric.com. First, we retrieved all influenza-related articles using an advanced PubMed search query, then we inputted the resulted query into Altmetric explorer. We then calculated the average AAS for each month during the years 2012-2018. Results: A total of 24,964 PubMed documents were extracted, among them, 12,395 documents had at least one attention. We found a significant difference in mean AAS between February and each of January and March (p< 0.001, mean difference of 117.4 and 460.7, respectively). We found a significant difference between June and each of May and July (p< 0.001, mean difference of 1221.4 and 162.7, respectively). We also found a significant difference between October and each of September and November (p< 0.001, mean difference of 88.8 and 154.8, respectively). Conclusion: We observed a seasonal trend in the attention toward influenza-related research, with three annual peaks that correlated with the beginning, peak, and end of influenza seasons in USA, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data.
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McDonald, Laura, Mustafa Oguz, Robert Carroll, Pratik Thakkar, Fei Yang, Nafeesa Dhalwani, Andrew Cox, et al. "Comparison of accelerometer-derived physical activity levels between individuals with and without cancer: a UK Biobank study." Future Oncology 15, no. 33 (November 2019): 3763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2019-0443.
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Aim: To identify the difference in physical activity (PA) levels between individuals with and without cancer, and to estimate all-cause mortality associated with this difference. Methods: Current cancer, cancer survivor and cancer-free groups were identified from the UK Biobank. We used multivariate and Cox regression to estimate PA differences and association of PA with all-cause mortality. Results: Compared with the cancer-free individuals, participants in the two cancer groups had fewer minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA per day in adjusted analyses. The PA difference was associated with higher mortality in the current cancer group. Conclusion: Patients with a history of cancer were less active than those without cancer, and PA is associated with increased mortality. PA improvement strategies in cancer patients must be explored.
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Jie, Wu, Xu Qinghong, and Chen Zhitao. "Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastroesophageal reflux disease." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518809871.
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Objective Many studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori ( Hp) is negatively correlated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Moreover, some studies deny that eradication of Hp increases the incidence of GERD. Therefore, we investigated the association of Hp infection with GERD. Methods In this retrospective analysis, patients with peptic ulcers were used as a blank control group. We used logistic regression to analyze the relationship between Hp infection and GERD. We analyzed 953 patients with peptic ulcers, 180 patients with both peptic ulcers and GERD, and 298 patients with GERD. Results Among the patients with GERD, 75.6% (136/180) and 36.2% (108/298) of those with and without peptic ulcers, respectively, had Hp infection, and the difference was statistically significant. Among patients with peptic ulcers, 75.6% (136/180) and 67.4% (642/953) of those with and without GERD, respectively, had Hp infection. The incidence of GERD in patients with Hp-positive and -negative peptic ulcers was 17.5% (136/778) and 12.4% (44/355), respectively. These differences were also statistically significant. Conclusion In the analysis of patients with GERD, the prevalence of Hp infection was higher among patients with than without peptic ulcers.
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Xu, Hangdi, Wei Lou, and Fangfang Fu. "Association between osteopontin expression and asthma: a meta-analysis." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 8 (July 17, 2019): 3513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519860684.
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Objective Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in chronic airway remodeling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The association between OPN protein expression and asthma has been investigated extensively, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between OPN protein expression and asthma. Methods A systematic search was performed to identify published studies regarding the association between OPN protein expression and asthma. Studies with quantitative data were analyzed, and standardized mean differences were determined with 95% confidence intervals. Results Nine studies were included in this analysis, involving 706 patients with asthma and 332 healthy controls. The pooled data from these studies demonstrated that OPN protein expression was significantly higher in patients with asthma than in controls. There was no significant difference in OPN protein between allergic asthma and nonallergic asthma. Moreover, there was no obvious relationship between OPN protein expression and the severity of asthma. Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggested that OPN protein expression is significantly upregulated in patients with asthma, but that it does not correlate with the type or severity of asthma.
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Smith, Anna Jo, Jeremy Applebaum, and Amanda Nickles Fader. "The association of the affordable care's Medicaid expansion on survival in gynecologic cancer: A National Cancer Database study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1501.
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1501 Background: Under the Affordable Care Act’s 2014 Medicaid expansion, more than 12 million Americans gained health insurance. Whether such gains in insurance improve survival in gynecologic cancer is unknown. This study aims to determine whether Medicaid expansion is associated with improved survival among women with gynecologic cancers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a difference-in-differences study design comparing insurance status, stage at diagnosis, delays in treatment, and one-year survival before and after the ACA’s Medicaid expansion in Medicaid expansion states (intervention group) compared to women in non-expansion states (control group). Using hospital-reported data from the 2010-2016 National Cancer Database, we compared outcomes overall for women ages 40-64 years old with endometrial, cervical, ovarian, or vulva/vaginal cancer and then stratified by cancer type, stage, race, and rural/urban status. We adjusted for patient (area-level income, area-level education, distance traveled for care, comorbidities), clinical (co-morbidities, grade) and hospital (academic facility) characteristics. Results: Our sample included 241,713 women with gynecologic cancer, 119,392 in expansion states and 122,321 in non-expansion states. Post-Medicaid expansion, there was a statistically significant 0.8 % increase in 1-year survival among patients in expansion states compared to non-expansion states (95% CI 0.1-1.5). There was also a significant reduction in uninsurance (-1.1%, 95%CI, --1.5, -0.7) and delays of 30+ days from diagnosis to treatment (-2.4%, 95%CI -3.4, -1.2). There was no significant change in early-stage diagnosis (0%; 95%CI -0.7-0.7). Improvements in one-year survival after Medicaid expansion were driven by ovarian cancer (difference-in-differences 2.2%, 95%CI 0.6-3.8) and in white women (difference-in-differences 0.8%, 95%CI 0.1-1.5), while there was no significant difference in one-year survival for non-white or rural women. Conclusions: The Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion was significantly associated with 1-year survival and insurance access among patients with gynecologic cancer. Insurance expansion efforts in non-Medicaid expansion states may improve survival for women with gynecologic cancer.
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Yang, Gang, Yuxia Yang, Xin Ma, Lijun Huang, Wenbin Li, Xuejuan Song, Huiqin Zhang, Wenwen Liu, and Juanjuan Lu. "Association of ERCC5 Genetic Polymorphisms With Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (January 1, 2020): 153303382094324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820943244.
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Introduction: To explore association of excision repair cross-complementing 5 ( ERCC5) genetic polymorphisms with cirrhosis and liver cancer. Methods: A total of 365 patients were enrolled, including control group (n = 133), cirrhosis group (n = 122), and liver cancer group (n = 110). The genotyping of ERCC5 rs2016073, rs751402, rs2094258, rs2296147, and rs2296148 was measured by using MassARRAY iPLEX technology. Results: There were no significant differences in gender and drinking among the 3 groups ( P > .05). There were significant differences among the 3 groups in both age-group ≤60 and >60 subgroup patients. Locus rs2016073 was significantly different among 3 groups, and genotype GG (n = 0) was not observed in liver cancer group. As for locus rs751402, there were significant differences among 3 groups, and genotype AA (n = 0) was not observed in liver cancer group. As for locus rs2094258, there were no significant differences among 3 groups. Locus rs2296147 showed no significant differences among 3 groups ( P > .05), but genotype CC was not observed in liver cancer group (n = 0). As for locus rs2296148, there were significant differences among 3 groups, and genotype TC (n = 0) was not observed in cirrhosis group. Regression analysis found locus rs751402 had significant difference between control group and cirrhosis group, patients with genotype AA and genotype GG were more likely to have cirrhosis than those with genotype GA. Conclusion: Our study suggested that genotype AA, genotype GG of ERCC5 locus rs751402, and genotype TC of locus rs2296148 may be important targets for cirrhosis, while ERCC5 polymorphisms (rs2016073 and ERCC5 polymorphisms, rs2016073 with genotype GG, and rs751402 with genotype AA) may be potential markers for liver cancer.
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Teberik, Kuddusi, and Mehmet Tahir Eski. "Association of ABO blood groups and Rh factor with retinal and choroidal thickness." European Journal of Ophthalmology 29, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672118783629.
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Purpose: To evaluate if ABO blood group and Rh factor have an effect on retinal and choroidal thickness. Methods: This study was designed prospectively. Retinal nerve fiber layer, retinal, and choroidal thicknesses were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retinal and choroidal thickness measurements (one subfoveal, three temporal, and three nasal) were obtained at 500-μm intervals up to 1500 μm with the caliper system. Results: In this study, 109 male and 151 female, 260 individuals in total were included. There were 125 subjects in group A, 29 in group B, 34 in group AB, and 72 in group O. Rh factor was positive in 194 subjects and negative in 66. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age (p = 0.667). The groups did not show any statistical difference in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. There was significant difference found for mean retinal thickness at temporal 1000 μm when four groups were compared (p = 0.037). No statistically significant difference was detected for the remaining retinal and choroidal sectoral regions. The groups did not statistically significantly differ concerning Rh factor (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although we found a significant difference in retinal thickness in the temporal retina between group B with group A and group O, we suggest that both blood group and Rh factor have no effect on retinal and choroidal thickness.
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Musa, Imad R., Gasim I. Gasim, Sajjad Khan, Ibrahim A. Ibrahim, Hamdi Abo-alazm, and Ishag Adam. "No Association between 25 (OH) Vitamin D Level And Hypothyroidism among Females." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 2 (March 19, 2017): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.029.
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AIM: The aim was to investigate serum vitamin D (25-OH) level among females with hypothyroidism.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study (58 in each arm) was conducted in Arar Central Hospital, Kingdom Saudi Arabia. The cases were females with hypothyroidism, and healthy females were controls. TSH, thyroid hormones: Free T3 (FT3) and Free T4 (FT4) and haemoglobin levels were measured in all participants. Serum vitamin D (25-OH) level was measured using the spectrophotometry.RESULTS: While there was no significant difference in the age and haemoglobin level, body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the cases. Compared with the controls, cases had significantly higher TSH, had significantly lower T4, and there was no significant difference in FT3 and 25 (OH) vitamin D, [16.1 (8.8-26.7) vs. 14.0 (9.5-20.3 ng/ml; P = 0.577]. Linear regression showed no association between, age, BMI, haemoglobin, TSH, FT3, FT4 and the log of 25 (OH) vitamin D levels.CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in vitamin D level among females with hypothyroidism and healthy controls.
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Huang, Bowen, Guilan Cao, Yanran Duan, Siyu Yan, Mingming Yan, Ping Yin, and Hongwei Jiang. "Gender Differences in the Association Between Hearing Loss and Cognitive Function." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® 35 (September 11, 2019): 153331751987116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317519871167.
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Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between hearing loss and cognitive function by gender in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011) for 655 participants aged 60 to 69 years. The cognitive functioning component consisted of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease, the Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. We created a composite z score to represent global cognitive function. Regression models were used to examine the association between hearing loss and cognitive function. Results: Moderate/severe hearing loss was significantly associated with lower composite z score in males (β = −28.67, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = −57.13 to −0.20) but not in females (β = −8.82, 95% CI = −36.61 to 18.96). Conclusion: There were gender differences in the association between hearing loss and cognitive function. Future studies need to investigate these gender-specific associations.
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Ohn Mar, Saw, and Resni Mona. "Rural-Urban Difference in Natural Menopausal Age and the Correlating Factors." International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 8, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2020.18.
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Objectives: Early menopause is shown to correlate with an increased rate of cardiovascular diseases with age advancement. Smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and the socio-economic level are consistently linked with the onset of menopause though there is no consensus on the residential factor. Considering the undesirable relation of menopause with women’s health, the present review sought to identify the correlation between the rural-urban factor and natural menopausal age. Methods: A comprehensive literature search, covering publications from 1984 to 2017, was done using several databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google scholar. Evidence from 13 research articles was analyzed for a rural-urban difference in natural menopausal age. The search was later expanded to explore correctable confounding factors such as smoking habits, physical activities, and BMI. Results: Rural women in the Asian region appeared to reach their natural menopausal age earlier than their urban counterparts. This was in contrast with the majority of findings in the non-Asian regions, suggesting a regional variation in the rural-urban difference in natural menopausal age. Based on the findings, earlier menopausal age was related to smoking prevalence and this relationship was consistent in both Asian and non-Asian regions. Similarly, higher physical activity was linked to the early age of natural menopause in both Asian and non-Asian regions. Finally, the results revealed the association between higher BMI and higher menopausal age in the Asian region although this association was not observed in the non-Asian regions. Conclusions: The rural-urban difference in menopausal age has regional variations with rural Asian women reaching menopause earlier than their urban counterparts, but this association was not replicated in the non-Asian regions. Eventually, this difference was affected by factors such as tobacco smoking, high physical activity, and BMI.
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Kang, Kai, Randy Absher, Elizabeth Farrington, Renee Ackley, and Tsz-Yin So. "Evaluation of Different Methods Used to Calculate Ideal Body Weight in the Pediatric Population." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-24.5.421.
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OBJECTIVES Accurate determination of ideal body weight (IBW) in pediatric patients is important for the proper dosing of many medications and the classification of nutritional status. There is no consensus on the best method to calculate IBW. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare 7 different methods used to calculate IBW in the pediatric population. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study. All subjects were pediatric inpatients at a 536-bed community teaching hospital between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017. Subjects were divided into 2 cohorts: cohort 1 was aged 12 months and 0 day to 35 months and 30 days, and cohort 2 was aged 36 months and 0 day to 17 years and 364 days. The McLaren method was used as the reference to compare with 6 other methods: Moore method, Devine method, American Dietetic Association (ADA) method, body mass index (BMI) method, Traub equation, and simplified Traub equation. RESULTS For cohort 1 (n = 347), the Moore method was not statistically different from the McLaren method with a mean difference of −0.07 kg (95% CI: −0.14 to 0.01, p = 0.07). For cohort 2 (n = 1095), the BMI method was not statistically different from the McLaren method with a mean difference of 0.17 kg (95% CI: −0.07 to 0.40, p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS In both cohorts, the majority of methods used to calculate IBW in pediatric patients leads to statistically different results when compared with the McLaren method. For certain methods, these differences become pronounced at high and low height percentiles and in older age groups.
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Pun, Dilli Bahadur, Sonam Chaudhary, Prashanna Shrestha, Bobby Thapa, and Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi. "Inter-arm blood pressure difference in healthy young adults: a cross-sectional study." Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpsn.v1i1.37716.
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Introduction: Inter-arm difference (IAD) in blood pressure is the difference in the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure between arms of an individual. Studies regarding IAD among elderly, pregnant women, patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes have been conducted but there are very limited studies carried out among young healthy adults. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the inter-arm blood pressure difference and its association with age, sex, BMI and family history of hypertension among Nepalese healthy young adults.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 230 students of Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal. Blood pressure was measured using a mercurial sphygmomanometer. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test, chi-square and Pearson’s correlation test using SPSS 16.
Results: The absolute mean IAD for SBP was 5.03±3.88 mm Hg and for DBP was 3.84±3.77 mm Hg. There is significant inter-arm difference for SBP (t=4.882, p<0.001) but not for DBP. Inter-arm SBP difference was significantly associated with family history of hypertension (χ2 = 6.41, p=0.01) and positive but weakly correlated with age (r = +0.135, p=0.04). There is no significant association of inter-arm SBP difference with sex and BMI. Meanwhile, there is no statistically significant association of sex, family history of hypertension, age and BMI with inter-arm DBP.
Conclusions: There is a significant inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference among the healthy young Nepalese adults and it is associated with the positive family history of hypertension and age.
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Martenstyn, Jordan Andre, Lauren Powell, Natasha Nassar, Mark Hamer, and Emmanuel Stamatakis. "Intensity-Weighted Physical Activity Volume and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: Does the Use of Absolute or Corrected Intensity Matter?" Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1054–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0117.
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Background: Previous epidemiological studies examining the association between physical activity (PA) and mortality risk have measured absolute PA intensity using standard resting metabolic rate reference values that fail to consider individual differences. This study compared the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality between absolute and corrected estimates of PA volume. Methods: 49,982 adults aged ≥40 years who participated in the Health Survey for England and Scottish Health Survey in 1994–2008 were included in our study. PA was classified as absolute or corrected metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours per week, taking participant’s weight, height, age, and sex into account. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between absolute and corrected PA volumes and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results: The authors found no difference in the association between levels of PA and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality for absolute and corrected MET-hours per week, although there was a consistent decrease in mortality risk with increasing PA. There was no difference in mortality when analyses were stratified by sex, age, and body mass index. Conclusions: The association between PA volume and risk of mortality was similar regardless of whether PA volume was estimated using absolute or corrected METs. There is no empirical justification against the use of absolute METs to estimate PA volume from questionnaires.
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Bermudez-Millan, Angela, Richard Feinn, Chelsey Hahn, Shanjida Arbie Jui, S. Megan D. Berthold, Thomas Buckley, Orfeu Buxton, et al. "SNAP Participation Moderates the Association Between Household Food Insecurity and A1c Among Cambodian Americans With Depression." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_013.
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Abstract Objectives We tested whether participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) moderated the relation between household food security status and HbA1c, the gold standard measure of glycemic control, among Cambodian Americans with depression enrolled in a diabetes prevention trial. Methods Participants had elevated risk factors for type 2 diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms; recruits were excluded for extant diabetes. Community health workers assessed household food security status and SNAP participation via in-person interview. HbA1c levels from venous blood samples were ascertained using direct enzymatic assay. Results Among respondents (n = 189), 19% were food insecure, 41% received SNAP benefits, and mean HbA1c = 5.5%. There was a significant interaction between SNAP and food insecurity. HbA1c was highest among participants without SNAP who were food insecure. Simple effects analysis revealed a significant difference within the no SNAP group [Mean (SD) HbA1c: Secure = 5.38 (0.38), Insecure = 5.78 (0.36)] and no difference within the SNAP group [Secure = 5.61(0.44), Insecure = 5.61(0.55)]. Differences remained significant after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical indicators. Conclusions SNAP may protect against the deleterious association between household food insecurity and elevated HbA1c. Funding Sources R01-DK103663 to Dr. Julie Wagner.
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Ravibabu, Kalahasthi, Surender Jakkam, Jamalpur Ravi Prakash, and Vinay Kumar Adepu. "Association of industrial work schedules with development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and serum adipokine concentrations." Asian Biomedicine 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2021-0009.
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Abstract Background Association of work schedule in industrial workers with the progression of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and serum adipokine concentrations is incompletely explored. Objective To determine the association of work schedule with the progression of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and adipokine concentrations in industrial workers. Methods In a cross-sectional study design of industrial workers we compared metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and adipokines concentration between workers in the day shift (n = 52), rotational shift (n = 21), and night shift (n = 15). The international Diabetes Federation criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. We used a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum insulin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were monitored using Prietest clinical chemistry reagents. Results The proportional difference in metabolic syndrome (0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.036–0.587, P = 0.026), median difference of leptin (0.61, 95% CI 0.186–1.034, P = 0.005), and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR; 0.45, 95% CI 0.235–0.665, P < 0.001) was significantly higher, and serum adiponectin was lower (–2.00, 95% CI −4.197 to 0.197, P = 0.07) in the night-shift workers compared with that of day-shift workers. Among rotational-shift workers, the proportional difference between metabolic syndrome (0.14, 95% CI −0.098 to 0.378, P = 0.25), median difference of leptin (0.25, 95% CI −0.124 to 0.624, P = 0.19), and LAR (0.09, 95% CI −0.099 to 0.279, P = 0.35) was higher, and serum adiponectin concentration was lower (−0.73, 95% CI −2.660 to 1.208, P = 0.46) compared with that of day-shift workers; however, the altered differences were not significant. We observed a higher proportion of difference in HOMA-IR in shift workers (night and rotation) than in day-shift workers. Conclusion Night-shift workers are vulnerable to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, HOMA-IR, and adipokine changes.
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Rebello, André Soares, Rodrigo Moura-Neto, and Maria da Glória da Costa Carvalho. "Association study of the Ile349val polymorphism of the gene ADH1C and alcohol dependence." Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 60, no. 1 (2011): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0047-20852011000100002.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism Ile349Val of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1C gene among individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings. METHODS: A total of 120 subjects residing in Rio de Janeiro city participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups: a group consisting of 54 individuals from the ADS group and 66 individuals that declared not having any alcohol dependence (control group). DNA was extracted from mouth epithelial cells by phenol-chloroform method and further submitted to amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Our results did not show differences between the genotypes of control individuals and ADS subjects. Nevertheless, we found increased rates of alcoholism in families of ADS subjects as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not show any genotype difference on the ADH1C gene when control and AA genotypes are compared.