Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthodologie de la surface de réponse'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Méthodologie de la surface de réponse.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Rguig, Mustapha. "Méthodologie des surfaces de réponse pour l'analyse en fiabilité des plates-formes pétrolières offshore fissurées." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2044.
The structures built during the Seventies present a significant reserve of resistance in spite of the local failures observed. The objective of this research task is the examination of the impact of the through cracks on metal offshore structures made up of welded tubes. The idea is to model at the total level the effect of a through crack using a criterion of the type evolution of total potential energy or evolution of the displacement of a strategic node of the structure. Indeed, these structures, conceived in the Seventies, are very redundant and profit from a reserve of significant integrity. All the dubious or random sizes, length of crack, loading of swell. . . , are modelled and integrated by approaches of the probabilistic types. One use for that the method of response surfaces by coupling the mechanical analysis (Rouhan 1999) and the requests (Schoefs 1996)
Broudiscou, Annie. "Méthodologie de la recherche expérimentale : génération de matrices d'expériences asymétriques à haut degré de saturation: contribution des algorithmes génétiques à la construction de matrices d'expériences optimales." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30024.
Lepadatu, Daniel. "Optimisation des procédés de mise en forme par approche couplée plans d'expériences, éléments finis et surface de réponse." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338415.
Karam, Sandrine. "Application de la méthodologie des plans d'expériences et de l'analyse de données à l'optimisation des processus de dépôt." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/8f5029e5-3ced-4997-973f-2cc455e74bf1/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0044.pdf.
Traditionally, a scientist carries out experiments in a sequential way by varying the parameters the ones after the others. This method gives results but is very expensive in time because it inevitably requires the realization of a great number of experiments. This is why it is important to help the scientist to achieve his experiments with data analyses and experimental design methods. Data analysis makes it possible to collect, summarize and present data so as to optimize the way to implement next experiments. By using experimental design, the scientist knows how to plan experiments. This experimental step will help him to structure his research in a different way, to validate his own assumptions, with better understanding the studied phenomena, and to solve the problems. The objective of this thesis is to present, through examples of applications related to the development of deposits, the elaboration and the interest of these methods
Le, Thi Tuong. "Purification et propriétés anti-inflammatoires et anti-oxydantes des fractions phénoliques issues de coproduits de production d'isolats protéiques d'oleoproteagineux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0270.
Rapeseed and sunflower are the most cultivated oilseed plants in Europe in general, and in France in particular. Some industrialists are currently focusing on the development of industrial processes for the extraction/purification of proteins from the oil cakes of these two plants. These processes generate co-products which are saline aqueous effluents rich in phenolic compounds such as cholorgenic acid (CGA, for sunflower) and sinapine (SP, for rapeseed). The capture of these phenolic compounds, which can act as natural antioxidants and/or anti-inflammatory agents in nutrition and health, is therefore a promising way of valorization. The main objectives of this work were: 1) to characterize and identify the phenolic compounds of protein isolate by-products from SFM and RSM; 2) to select the best macroporous resins and to study the adsorption mechanism of phenolic compounds; 3) to optimize the conditions in the phenolic compounds adsorption column; and 4) to evaluate the biological activities of the obtained phenolic fractions, especially the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.By different analytical methods, we determined that the liquid effluents consisted of phenolic compounds, amino acids, carbohydrates, and salt, which have a low molecular weight and can easily pass through a UF/DF membrane. All phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis in comparison with standards. CGA is the main phenolic compound in the sunflower effluent. The main phenolic compound of rapeseed effluents is MS. Unlike sunflower, they also contain many other minor compounds. The adsorption/desorption of sunflower and rapeseed phenolic compounds was evaluated using different macroporous resins including XAD4, XAD7, XAD16, XAD1180 and HP20. We found that all phenolic compounds adsorbed readily onto the resins. XAD7 and XAD16 resins showed the best adsorption/desorption properties in sunflower and rapeseed liquid effluents, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption of all phenolic compounds follows a Langmuir model. According to the determined thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption process, is in all cases physical and is exothermic.The optimal condition for column adsorption was determined on the selected resins by experimental planning and multicriteria optimization. A multicriteria optimization methodology based on design of experiments showed the optimal conditions were adsorption flow rate of 15 BV/h at pH 2.7 for CGA from SFM. Meanwhile, adsorption flow rate of 13.3 BV/h and at pH ranging from 2 to 5 were the optimal conditions for sinapine from RSM. Ethanol solutions 50% (v/v) for chlorogenic acid, 70% (v/v) for sinapine were used for desorption.These approaches successfully produced the phenolic fractions for biological activities such as antioxidation and anti-inflammation. Phenolic fraction showed a higher antioxidant capacity than vitamin C in DPPH and ABTS assays (IC50/phenolic fractions < IC50 vitamin C, p < 0.05. In addition, it was discussed whether the phenolic fractions obtained in this project also showed an inflammatory effect. The sunflower fraction (CGA) effectively inhibited the production of TNF-α, which is a pro-inflammatory marker when a sample is treated with LPS. However, the rapeseed fractions were not effective against proinflammatory mediators. None of the fractions showed cytotoxicity
VIVIER, Stéphane. "Stratégies d'optimisation par la méthode des Plans d'Expériences, et Application aux dispositifs électrotechniques modélisés par Eléments Finis." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005822.
Pambou-Tobi, Nadia. "Influence des conditions de friture profonde sur les propriétés physicochimiques de la banane plantain Musa AAB « harton » : étude du vieillissement des huiles et modélisation des transferts de matière au cours du procédé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0063/document.
Plantain is a fruit commonly consumed in Congo - Brazzaville in its cooked form, as an accompaniment. The process of deep frying plantain is a widespread practice, often poorly mastered, given the prolonged use of frying oils, leading to the formation of compounds harmful to health. Indeed, for a number of years, the consumption of local oils (soybean, palm) and their degradation after heating are cause of major concern for consumer safety. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influences of the deep frying process applied on the Musa AAB plantain of "harton" variety, maturity level 7, as consumed in sliced form. We initially applied response surface methodology (RSM) to the deep frying process to determine the influence of three parameters (time / temperature / quantity) on different responses (color, hardness, oil uptake and water content) according to the type of oil used (soybean, palm, Frial oils). Once optimal conditions were obtained from the plantain in domestic conditions, the study focused on the evolution of frying oil stability, by monitoring physicochemical parameters of the degradation of the aforementioned (total polar compounds, free fatty acids, primary and secondary oxidation products). Analyses of color, crystallization point and viscosity, were added to the study and helped establish the optimal duration of use for these oils depending on the quantity of plantains fried. Lastly, the mechanisms of water transfer and oil uptake in the matrix has been studied and modeled according to temperature, thickness and immersion time
Roche, Angelina. "Modélisation statistique pour données fonctionnelles : approches non-asymptotiques et méthodes adaptatives." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023919.
Manzon, Diane. "Développement de nouveaux outils en plans d'expériences adaptés à l'approche quality by design (QbD) dans un contexte biologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0223.
The quality by design (QbD) approach is a recent concept initiated by quality control which has led to new requirements from regulatory authorities, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry. Among these, the guideline ICHQ8 explains that quality should not be tested on finished products but should be integrated throughout, from design to finished product. This approach is characterised by different steps, one of which is risk assessment, which mainly involves identifying the critical parameters in a process or formulation. To do this, experiments must be carried out and suitable experimental designs will enable the phenomena studied to be modelled and then represent response surfaces in the experimental space to be explored. In this space, the Food and Drug Administration recommends delimiting a sub-space, called "Design Space", characterised by a certain probability that the output parameters comply with the specifications. This Design Space usually has any geometric shape, which means that the acceptable variation range of a parameter will depend on the value of another parameter. To overcome this constraint and thus define "Proven Acceptable Independent Range" for each parameter studied, we have used and adapted different methods. Their respective performance, in terms of defining acceptable variation range for each parameter independently, has been tested in different case studies
Malbert, Yannick. "Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0038/document.
Flavonoid glycosides are natural plant secondary metabolites exhibiting many physicochemical and biological properties. Glycosylation usually improves flavonoid solubility but access to flavonoid glycosides is limited by their low production levels in plants. In this thesis work, the focus was placed on the development of new glucodiversification routes of natural flavonoids by taking advantage of protein engineering. Two biochemically and structurally characterized recombinant transglucosylases, the amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea and the α-(1→2) branching sucrase, a truncated form of the dextransucrase from L. Mesenteroides NRRL B-1299, were selected to attempt glucosylation of different flavonoids, synthesize new α-glucoside derivatives with original patterns of glucosylation and hopefully improved their water-solubility. First, a small-size library of amylosucrase variants showing mutations in their acceptor binding site was screened in the presence of sucrose (glucosyl donor) and luteolin acceptor. A screening procedure was developed. It allowed isolating several mutants improved for luteolin glucosylation and synthesizing of novel luteolin glucosides, which exhibited up to a 17,000-fold increase of solubility in water. To attempt glucosylation of other types of flavonoids, the α-(1→2) branching sucrase, naturally designed for acceptor reaction, was preferred. Experimental design and Response Surface Methodology were first used to optimize the production of soluble enzyme and avoid inclusion body formation. Five parameters were included in the design: culture duration, temperature and concentrations of glycerol, lactose inducer and glucose repressor. Using the predicted optimal conditions, 5740 U. L-1of culture of soluble enzyme were obtained in microtiter plates, while no activity was obtained in the soluble fraction when using the previously reported method of production. A structurally-guided approach, based on flavonoids monoglucosides docking in the enzyme active site, was then applied to identify mutagenesis targets and generate libraries of several thousand variants. They were screened using a rapid pH-based screening assay, implemented for this purpose. This allowed sorting out mutants still active on sucrose that were subsequently assayed for both quercetin and diosmetin glucosylation. A small set of 23 variants, constituting a platform of enzymes improved for the glucosylation of these two flavonoids was retained and evaluated for the glucosylation of a six distinct flavonoids. Remarkably, the promiscuity generated in this platform allowed isolating several variants much more efficient than the wild-type enzyme. They produced different glucosylation patterns, and provided valuable information to further design and improve flavonoid glucosylation enzymatic tools
Ezeddini, Sonia. "Optimisation de l'usinage par le procédé d'électroérosion à fil des alliages de titane et des matériaux composites à base de titane appliqués à l'aéronautique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC105.
EDM machining is a process for the removal of material by melting, spraying and erosion, which is reserved for conductive and semiconductor materials.It can be used for machining metals and alloys, hardened steels, ceramic alloys, metal carbides, some ceramics and even harder materials such as polycrystalline diamond. The heated part has its mechanical characteristics drop, which increases its machinability. The work carried out focused on the influence of WEDM machining on surface integrity, machinability, productivity and process precision, of several materials: pure titanium, Ti6Al4V alloy, composite intermetallicTi-Al based, Ti17 composite and Ti6242 composite.In ripping, and more precisely in finishing, the process is characterized by a flow of material,kerf width, surface hardening, heat affected zone and surface condition varying with discharge current, pulse time and voltage, cutting speed, lubricant injection pressure and wire tension.In fact, the machining conditions of metal-based composite materials and titanium alloys have been modeled and optimized to improve machined surface integrity, increase productivity, and improve process accuracy. Subsequently, meet the quality and safety requirements of aeronautical parts.Methods such as Experimental Design, Taguchi and Surface of Response were used for calibration and process control parameters and operating conditions
Safont, Ophélie. "Méthodologie de dimensionnement de tubes en dynamique." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE2043.
According to current standards, gun barrels are designed to resist the maximum firing pressure using static, continuous equations. But during the firings events, complex high speed loads and structural responses arised over very short times. The projectile is pushed towards the tube by the gas pressure, morover the engraving of the tube gives a rotational movement to the ammunition. The contact between the tube and the projectile is ensured by a band or obturator. This obturator had a diameter which is superior to the tube's calibre. Very high stresses are generated during the firing, due to gas pressure and the forcing action of the projectile. The aim of this work was to study the stresses in the tube durings firings. To evaluate firings phenomena, in a first part, many tests were made on medium calibre guns using various configurations. Circumferential strain measurements were obtained. In a second time, a finite element model was developed using the commercial code LS-Dyna. The moving pressure front and the projectile with its obturator were simulated. Three dimensional modeling was chosen in order to evaluate the stresses in the tube rifling where stresses concentration were located. The numerical prediction of the peak of strain measured when the projectile passed the strain gages were excellent. Experiments and calculations showed a peak of strains which was not taken into account in tubes design. To evaluate the impact of this phenomenom, a fatigue life-time study was carried on. The results demonstrated that gas pressure and dynamic coupled actions must all be taken into account in the fatigue design of gun tubes
Guillemoteau, Julien. "Méthodologie d'interprétation en électromagnétisme aéroporté." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823207.
Benaben, Anne-Lise. "Méthodologie d'identification et d'évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement en phase de réponse à appel d'offre." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT018H/document.
Products Dependability, process and services is a major and permanent topic for industrial actors and especially in automotive industry, where products suppliers are faced to customers more and more aware about dependability. Until now, Customers was only interested about results, they request today, in bid process timeframe, informations about processes put in place in order to reach dependability objectives. Taking these new requirements into accounts, we have focused our work on dependability identification during bid process and the evaluation its cost impact on development. Taking dependability into account allow to increase product robustness but also to make better design choice in term of dependability. Thus, in order to reach this objective, we propose a step by step process for bid phases from dependability topics identification to cost impact
Monceaux, Laura. "Adaptation du niveau d'analyse des interventions dans un dialogue : application à un système de question-réponse." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112291.
Due to the variety of dialogue types, we studied how to adapt, in a generic way, the level of user interventions analysis. An analysis by keywords, recommended by systems of specific dialogues (relative to a particular task) is inadequate to handle such interventions, because therefore, it is impossible to represent all the world knowledge and solve the conflicts arising from this variety. We developed an analysis of the interventions, independent from their domains and based on the syntax interventions. In so doing, we were confronted with the choice of syntactic analyzer. To solve it, we studied the various existing syntactic parsers by constructing a classification according to their capacities, followed by the development of an evaluation protocol of these analyzers for French. Further to this evaluation, it appeared interesting to develop an algorithm of compromise between several analyses to return the most plausible analysis. This will allow us not only to use the capacities of every analyzes but also to quantify every information returned by a confidence rate. From the intervention's syntax and the semantic knowledge provided by the lexical base WordNet (synonym, hyperonym), we developed a system to extract the intervention's intention and its propositional contents. Particularly, we were interested in the question interventions : the propositional contents rely upon the extraction of the answer type and of the object of the question. To estimate the efficiency of these criteria, this analysis was integrated into the question-answering system developed in the LIR group
Eckert, Laurent. "La méta-régression comme méthodologie de comparaisons indirectes : une réponse aux éxigences contemporaines de l'évaluation du médicament." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T029.
Michel, Laura. "Méthodologie d’analyse structurelle et de restauration d’oeuvres sculptées." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2068/document.
Currently, the artworks restoration, including broken statues, are based on proven but empirical techniques. Damaged statues often have broken parts. Restoration mainly consists in joining these parts. Thus appears the necessity of taking into account the interfaces mechanical properties between the different broken parts, reducing thereby the extent of repairs and thus better maintain the integrity of the work. Beside this, digital 3D acquisition techniques become more and more popular among the cultural heritage community. This thesis proposes a methodology able to use 3D acquisition datas to simulate the restoration operations and their effects on the structure. The restoration strategy can thus be tested and optimized. A laser scanner is used to acquire the statue geometry, allowing to reconstruct a 3D model for numerical simulation. Computations are carried out within the framework of deformable continuum mechanics using the FLAC3D software. In order to check all the key points ensuring mechanical stability, the behavior of reinforcing elements and those of the interfaces between blocks were considered. From the results of the present studies, a critical analysis of implemented or possible restoration strategy is proposed. In addition, several characterization methods to find the material origin and/or estimate the mechanical properties of the work are proposed : physico-chemical and mineralogical characterizations, non-destructive and destructive tests. An experimental campaign to characterize the behavior of fractures in contact with surface acquisition was performed. An analysis of correlations between mechanical and morphological interfaces properties is then developed. Finally, we propose a predictive modelling based on multiple linear and multivariate regressions. This study allow the simulation of fractured artworks behaviour
Rajeha, Hiba. "Optimisation des méthodes d'extraction des composés phénoliques des raisins libanais et de leurs coproduits." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2209.
This study deals with the optimization of the extraction methods of phenolic compounds from viticulture and viniculture by-products, namely vine shoots and grape pomace. Several innovative technologies were tested and compared: high voltage electrical discharges (HVED), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasounds (US) and pulsed electric fields (PEF). The solid-liquid extraction conducted on vine shoots showed that, amongst the studied solvents, water is the least effective. The addition of the β-cyclodextrin to water improves the extraction process but remains less effective than that with hydroethanolic mixtures. The extraction in alkaline medium gives the highest phenolic compound extraction yields. The intensification of phenolic compound extraction from vine shoots was possible thanks to new extraction technologies. The effectiveness of the tested methods was the least with US, followed by PEF to accomplish the highest phenolic yield with HVED. The filterability of the extracts was slower when their composition was complex, and the membrane technology allowed a good purification and concentration of phenolic compounds. The reason behind the high effectiveness of HVED was investigated. The action mechanisms of HVED were studied in details. A mechanical effect of HVED provoked vine shoots fragmentation and particle size reduction. This was the main phenomenon responsible for the intensification of the extraction process. It also suggested that a grinding pretreatment would not be necessary prior to HVED, which considerably diminishes the energy input of the overall process. The presence of a non-mechanical effect and its contribution in the efficiency of HVED were also shown. The formation of hydrogen peroxide during the treatment was observed. However it did not seem to alter vine shoot phenolic compounds since these demonstrated a high radical scavenging capacity. As for the studies conducted on grape pomace, the simultaneous variation of several operating parameters allowed the aqueous and hydroethanolic optimization of phenolic compound extraction from these byproducts by response surface methodology (RSM). The passage from an aqueous to a hydroethanolic medium clearly improved the solid-liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from grape pomace. The use of ASE further increased the phenolic compound yield up to three times as compared to the optimum obtained with a hydroethanolic solvent
Touleimat, Nizar. "Méthodologie d'extraction et d'analyse de réseaux de régulation de gènes : analyse de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'irradiation chez S. cerevisiæ." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877095.
Touleimat, Mohamed Nizar. "Méthodologie d'extraction et d'analyse de réseaux de régulation de gènes : analyse de la réponse transcriptionnelle à l'irradiation chez S. cerevisiæ." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0044/document.
The cellular response to the DNA damage provoked by irradiation (IR) is relatively well studied, however, many observations show the involvement of the expression of many genes. We propose to identify the different potential patterns of the transcriptional response to IR and to reconstruct a gene regulatory network involved in its control. The first point of this work lies in the exploitation of the gene expression dynamics in conditions of genetic perturbations. The second point lies in the integration of systemic biological informations. We define an approach composed of one step of automated logical deduction of regulations from a strategy of perturbations and two induction steps that allow the analysis of the gene expression dynamics and the extraction of potential regulation from additional data. This approach allowed to identify, for the yeast, a complex response to IR and allowed to propose a regulation model which some relations have been experimentally validated
Ghariani, Sondès. "Réponse dynamique de milieux composites aléatoires et déterministes." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066374.
Michel, Laura, and Laura Michel. "Méthodologie d'analyse structurelle et de restauration d'oeuvres sculptées." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058782.
Benamara, Farah. "Webcoop : un système de question-réponse coopératif sur le web." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30169.
This thesis describes the WEBCOOP system that aims at providing cooperative responses in French to natural language queries on the web. The main objectives of the system are : -the integration of reasoning procedures with a variety of knowledge bases as well as real life data extracted from web pages in order to produce web style natural language responses. -major and new feature: the integration of a cooperative know-how component that goes beyond the mere recognition of a user misconception
Crespo, Alexia. "Compréhension de la tribologie des films limites : de l'organisation moléculaire à la réponse en friction." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC021/document.
Friction in boundary lubrication can be controlled by the adsorption of molecules on surfaces that reduce direct contacts between asperities. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to understand and to couple the mechanisms of adsorption and self-organization of different fatty acids on surfaces, with the mechanisms of interfacial friction under steady-state regime and transient conditions. The effect of the molecular architecture, modified by the presence and conformation of one unsaturation in the aliphatic chain of fatty acids, was also analyzed. In-situ characterization, at the molecular level, was performed with the molecular tribometer ATLAS, developed at LTDS. This apparatus allows quasi-static and dynamic displacements, of a sphere in front of a plane in three directions. Three fatty acids solutions, in low concentration in dodecane, were analyzed. The displacements and the forces, normal and tangential, are measured using capacitive sensors with a resolution of 0.015 nm and 10 nN respectively. Dynamic superimposed measurements allow a simultaneous rheological characterization of the confined interface in terms of damping and stiffness in two directions. The results show that the fatty acids adsorb on the surfaces by weak interactions and form viscoelastic films with a thickness of about 15 Å on each surface. The coverage rate and adsorption kinetics of these layers depend on the molecular architecture of the fatty acids. This architecture also governs interfacial friction, which has been described as superlubricity, and the rheology of self-assembled monolayers. Various film organizations have thus led to different evolutions of the friction as a function of the sliding speed and the contact pressure. The transient friction response and its accommodation during slip to a new stationary state have also been described by characteristic distances of several nanometers, reflecting the statistic average renewal of the contact spots, and by relaxation times of the order of the second, describing the molecular rearrangement within the interface. Finally, theoretical modeling of boundary friction has been proposed to understand the molecular origin of the friction between monolayers of fatty acids and highlight the strong coupling between both spatial and temporal scales
Baghdadi, Mehme. "Courantologie lagrangienne de surface par radar VHF en zone côtière : Mise en oeuvre et méthodologie d'application." Toulon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUL0007.
Boukinda, Mbadinga Morgan Laetitia. "Surface de réponse des efforts de houle des structures jackets colonisées par des bio-salissures." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2158.
When designing or re-assessing an offshore structure, one of the most delicate stages relates to the calculation of the solicitations : actions exerted by the swell, the wind and the currents. It comes partly from the randomness or uncertainties that concern the marine environment as well as the modelling of loading. Presence of marine growth makes these questions more sensitive. The generic term of marine growth includes the vegetable species (algae …) and animal (mussel, anemones, corals …). Indeed very quickly, the structures are covered of a multitude of marine organisms. It remains particularly difficult to quantify this phenomenon by taking into account the diversity of the organism, the seasonal conditions and the competition to which the various species for their survival are delivered. Its influence on an offshore structure can be measured on several levels : obstruct or prohibits a visual inspection of the subjacent support, expensive procedures of cleaning for oil industries, increase in the hydrodynamic efforts on the level of the structure. This work aims to provide a probabilistic modelling of marine growth evolution in five regions in the Gulf of Guinea. A physical matrix response surface is then built in view to provide a probabilistic modelling of the environmental loading on Jacket offshore structures in presence of marine growth. A study case allows performing sensitivity and uncertainty studies in view to improve, supplement, integrate and make more operational the methods and tools for structural reassessment
Carton, Jean-François. "Traitements superficiels et tenue en service des assemblages démontagles : Base d'une méthodologie de choix en tribologie." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0026.
Sabri, Leila. "Développement et mise en œuvre d'une méthodologie d'analyse multi-échelle du procédé de rodage en production de série." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00526528.
Leveillard, Florine. "Méthodologie de minimisation de la pollution appliquée au traitement de surface : étude de l'entraînement comme vecteur de pollution." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669667.
Leveillard, Florine. "Méthodologie de minimisation de la pollution appliquée au traitement de surface : étude de l’entraînement comme vecteur de pollution." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0598/document.
Currently, via the prevention principle, environmental regulations incite industries to implement strategies to reduce the pollution at the source (ICPE, IPPC, IED). Industries are sometimes lost in front of various proposed technical solutions. The application of cleaner production strategies such as good operational procedures and good practices of management allow to answer these constraints.The metal finishing activity uses a lot of water and chemicals and thus generates polluted effluents. The objective of this work is to propose a simple methodology of limitation of the pollution flows and of the water specific consumption of metal finishing workshops.Then, experimental studies have allowed, on one hand, to create an easy method of the drag-out calculation and, on the other hand, to show and to quantify the influence of different parameters on the drag-out, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. They are, for example, the shape and the roughness of the treated pieces, the draining time, the superficial tension of the treatment solutions but also the stirring type and duration of rinsing.All these elements, integrated into the methodology of pollution minimization, allow to realize a diagnosis of the process line. Moreover, it permits to estimate the impact of a modification of this installation on the specific consumption of water, on the pollution balance assessment and on the rinsing quality. So, this methodology can help to optimize and to limit consumptions of water and chemicals not only on the process line but also in wastewater treatment plant, so decreasing the environmental impacts and the running costs
Blanc, Amandine. "Identification de réponse impulsionnelle et restauration d'images : apport de la diversité de phase." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112230.
The images recorded by a telescope can be degraded by aberrations due to design, fabrication, misalignments and atmospheric turbulence. Phase diversity is a technique that allows the estimation of aberrations and the image restoration. It consists in the simultaneous acquisition of the usual focal plane image and of one (or more) additional defocused image(s). This technique uses a low-cost, optically simple wavefront sensor which can work with an extended scene. The aberrations and the object are estimated numerically from the images, by solving an optimization problem. We present an original analysis of the properties of the only estimator used in the literature, based on a joint estimation of the aberrations and of the observed object. We show its bad asymptotic behavior and we study the problem of tuning the regularization parameters. The joint method is implemented experimentally to estimate the aberrations of an operational astronomical system. It shows that phase diversity is a powerful approach to measure the unseen aberrations of an adaptive optics system. To solve the problems of the joint method, a novel estimator called marginal estimator is proposed. It restores the sole aberrations by integrating the object out of the problem. The comparison of the quality of the restoration obtained by both methods, on simulated and on experimental data, shows that the performance of the marginal approach is higher under high noise conditions. Finally we develop a novel method for the estimation of high amplitude aberrations in which the phase amplitude is estimated on a point-by-point basis. The comparison of its performance with that of a conventional method based on the expansion of the aberrated phase function on a set of polynomials shows its better robustness
Feki, Soufiane. "Musicologie, sémiologie ou éthnomusicologie : quel cadre épistémologique, quelles méthodes pour l'analyse des musiques du maqâm ? : éléments de réponse à travers l'analyse de quatre taqsîms." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040099.
Throughout this thesis, the author proposes a reflection on the possibilities to conceive an analytic language appropriate to the music of the maqâm. Indeed, studies on the musical repertoires associated with the maqâm as a musical system suffer from a lack of systematicity. One can notice there the preponderance of a descriptive, historiographical and anthropological work to the detriment of the analytic study that would take, as a starting point, the structures of music. This research paper includes two parts. The first part is devoted to problems of terminology and typology, notably in ethnomusicology. Questions of methodology related to the survey of the musical phenomenon in general are highlighted, as well. It also tackles the semiological aspects of the maqâm being a musical concept that carries a great deal of symbolic value. This first part constitutes a theoretical foundation for the second part that is centered on the analysis of four taqsîms (improvisations) in the nahāwand maqâm. The analysis of these taqsîms is based on a paradigmatic method as well as on the abstract formal and structural diagrams. This analytic approach attempts to discover, in every taqsîms, the systematic elements that have to do with the identity of the maqâm in order to separate them from the imperatives relative to the taqsîm form as well as stylistic parameters. This analytic work ends by a general synthesis that attempts to measure the efficiency of analysis method in question and to put hypotheses concerning the underlying system of the maqâm and the foundations of the taqsîm form
Petiot, Caroline. "Développement d'une méthodologie prévisionnelle du comportement en fretting-fatigue couplant les approches expérimentales et théoriques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECDL0043.
Pauthenier, Cyrille. "Développement d’une nouvelle méthodologie pour la production de molécules par ingénierie métabolique en délocalisant tout ou partie des réactions enzymatiques sur la surface de S. cerevisiae." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE029/document.
Sustainable chemical production is one of the endeavour of the post-oil era. Amongst the possible techniques, metabolic engineering which aims at producing novel compounds through genetic engineering of micro-organism is seen as one of the most promising techniques. One of the problem met by metabolic engineers is often the absence of diffusion or pumping mechanism expelling the compound of interest produced in the cell cytoplasm towards the outer environment, which reduces the process efficiency because of kinetic and toxicity concerns.During this PhD, we explored the possibility of producing impermeable compounds on the surface of a cell by anchoring the last reaction enzyme using « Yeast surface display » techniques.As PhD disputation we first looked at the industrial interest of metabolic engineering in the whole bioeconomy framework. We then looked at the membrane permeability issues met for the production of some compounds. We evaluated the different membrane permeability techniques and explored the possibility realizing a predictive technique using quantitative structure-property relationship (QSAR). We evaluated the different yeast-display systems available and paved the way for the discovery of new systems more suitable for metabolic engineenering. We developped a dedicated program tool for large PCR fragment library design. Finally we built several toy metabolic pathways in yeast in order to evaluate the interest of the technique
Guillet, Nicolas. "Etude d'un capteur de gaz potentiométrique. Influence et rôle des espèces oxygénées de surface sur la réponse électrique." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001580.
Tchinda, Sonhapi Arielle. "Analyse Conformationnelle des Protéines en Réponse à l'Environnement (pH et Température) par Spectroscopie Raman Exaltée en Surface (SERS)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCK080.
The thesis presented offers an in-depth exploration of protein structures and behaviors, with a particular focus on their interactions with colloidal gold nanoparticles. To analyze protein modifications in response to variations in pH and temperature, Arielle utilizes Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) techniques as well as microfluidics.The analysis of protein secondary structure, using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model, reveals close links with the overall protein conformation. Changes in pH and temperature result in significant conformational alterations, visible in the analysis of amides I, II, and III. Furthermore, the study is not limited to well-structured proteins but also encompasses intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which adopt flexible conformations in response to their environment, thus expanding our understanding of the structural complexity of proteins.Exploring protein-nanoparticle interactions serves as a basis for understanding how this structural diversity translates into a variety of biological functions. Arielle employs an innovative approach based on Markov chains to analyze protein disorder, providing a comprehensive view of protein flexibility and plasticity, with successful applications to BSA and alpha-synuclein.Finally, the thesis underscores the importance of understanding conformational dynamics at the single-protein level in biological processes, with potential implications for medical and biotechnological advancements
Khayyat, Kholghi Madjid. "Gestion conjointe des eaux de surface et souterraines : approche par simulation, optimisation et aide à la décision : méthodologie et application." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2295.
Touzani, Samir. "Méthodes de surface de réponse basées sur la décomposition de la variance fonctionnelle et application à l'analyse de sensibilité." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614038.
Boucharat, Cécile. "Méthodologie d'analyse d'acides organiques à l'état de traces dans les eaux de surface et les eaux destinées à la consommation humaine." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3008.
Hallema, Dennis. "Modélisation de l'impact des terrasses agricoles et du réseau d'écoulement artificiel sur la réponse hydrologique des versants." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0022.
Terrace cultivation and artificial drainage were implemented on Mediterranean hillslopes for multiple reasons: agricultural terraces increase arable land surface and artificial drainage allows for better water management. Degradation of terraces and channels inevitably leads to an increase in flood risk, erosion and, eventually, crop damage. Little is known about their effect on hillslope hydrologic response, and therefore this thesis presents an integrated method where we compare different modelling approaches. We first simulated the hydrologic response of a Mediterranean catchment (0.91 km2) with terrace cultivation and artificial drainage using a physically-based, fully distributed storm flow model for agricultural catchments. Simulation performance is impressive for some storms, even though the model does not account for terraces. In order to model the effects of terrace cultivation and artificial drainage on hillslope hydrologic response explicitly, we subsequently developed a new distributed model with only geometric and flow velocity parameters, using a linear response time distribution combined with the hillslope geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph. Simulations on virtual hillslopes and catchments with a non-optimal channel network suggest that (i) drainage is faster and attains higher peak flows for longer interface lengths between agricultural fields and drainage channels; (ii) overland flow velocity has greater influence on peak flow than channel flow velocity; and (iii) the combined effect of increased drainage density and introduction of terrace cultivation is enhanced peak flow at the outlet, and a reduction of peak flow from upstream terraces
Palpant, Bruno. "Effets de taille dans la réponse optique d'agrégats de métaux nobles en matrice : étude expérimentale et interprétation théorique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10214.
Jan, Gwénaële. "Etude de la réponse des couches de la surface océanique aux forçages atmosphériques avec un modèle à haute résolution verticale." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066552.
Dantec-Nédélec, Sarah. "Evaluation multi-échelle des bilans d'énergie et d'eau du modèle ORCHIDEE sur la Sibérie et leur réponse à l'évolution du climat." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV009/document.
The natural evolution of the climate, disturbed since the industrial revolutions, is strongly marked in the high latitudes especially in Siberia where a temperature anomaly of +0.8°C has been observed since the 2000s against an average anomaly of + 0.4°C for The mid-latitudes. Siberia is covered by permafrost, giving it particularities, especially for the hydrological regimes of rivers. Climatic projections predicting up to +5°C warming by 2100, it is essential to evaluate their impacts. Physical-based numerical modeling is an interesting tool to answer these questions. Thus, in order to evaluate the hydrological response to climate change in Siberia we worked on the multi-scale evaluation of energy and water balances with the ORCHIDEE model. This model was adapted to the characteristics of cold environments, with an improvement of the representation of the snow, a consideration of the freezing of the soil water and a map of vegetation more representative of the Siberian vegetation. An evaluation in forced mode i.e. without coupling with the atmosphere was carried out initially. Thus, we evaluated ORCHIDEE at the present time (1979-2009) at the site scale, concentrating on the soil moisture and soil temperature data available. A sensitivity analysis of the model allowed to identify the most influential parameters on the balance of energy and water in the soil. Their on-site calibration allowed to show that the ORCHIDEE model is able to correctly simulate the vertical transfers of heat and water and the resulting water and soil temperature contents. We then extended the evaluation to the Siberian region by comparing simulation results with remote sensing data, allowing an evaluation over a substantial time series and over a large area. We collected a large number of observations such as albedo data, water equivalent for snow ..., on which we compared the simulation results. This work allowed to show that the model simulates satisfactorily the energy and water balance in Siberia, but also to highlight the importance of the choice of climatic forcing. Thus, the use of a second climatic forcing enabled to show the importance of rain/snow partitioning and the possible underestimation of precipitation in forcing. The validated model was then used to carry out impact studies, using 2 climatic forcings on the future time (2005 to 2099) under scenario of emission of greenhouse gases RCP8.5. Thus, we were able to evaluate the variability related to forcing and the impact of climate change on the variables of energy and water balance. A boundary around latitude 60°N has been defined in the analysis of future precipitation and chosen to orient our analysis in two zones on either side of the boundary. We analyzed the seasonal cycles of the surface variables allowing us to highlight the impacts of global warming in relation to the increase in the air temperature and their spatial differences. We have shown that the melting of the snowpack is earlier in the South and generates a temporal advance of the spring flood peak for the Lena and the Amur. On the Ob and Yenisei, changes have also been shown (a decrease in flow over time for the Ob and an increase for the Yenisei, without any change in temporal phasing), which could lead to socio-economic impacts Important for local populations. This study also allowed us to show that the new climatic conditions are more favorable to vegetation. We also showed the coherence of the two climate projections studied
Gardes, Laurence. "Méthodologie d'analyse des dysfonctionnements des systèmes pour une meilleure maitrise des risques industriels dans les PME : application au secteur du traitement de surface." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806215.
Alvarado-, Meza Ricardo. "Stratégies de fonctionnalisation pour le développement de biopuces innovantes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV030/document.
A plethora of biologically relevant processes depends directly on the effective secretion of biomolecules, from regulatory molecules to structural components. Thus, the analysis of complex biological processes requires the development of novel biosensing tools. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to provide versatile strategies for the generation of innovative biosensors and biochips based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). As a result from this research, an indirect photofunctionalization method was developed. This procedure allowed the generation of protein microarrays in fully aqueous conditions while preserving the functionality of the grafted proteins. Furthermore, we created and evaluated a novel microstructured SPR biochip for real-time monitoring of cellular secretions. This microstructured biochip presents two different optical phenomena which could be used for cell detection and the monitoring of their secretions. Finally, multiple functionalization strategies were evaluated for the conception of a nanostructured fiber-bundle SPR biochip. Among the approaches, the generation of photoreactive self-assembled monolayers was the most adapted to this system and currently is being optimized. Once achieved, this nanostructured biochip could pave the way for further development of promising in vivo biosensing systems
Ben, salem Malek. "Model selection and adaptive sampling in surrogate modeling : Kriging and beyond." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03097719.
Surrogate models are used to replace an expensive-to-evaluate function to speed-up the estimation of a feature of a given function (optimum, contour line, …). Three aspects of surrogate modeling are studied in the work:1/ We proposed two surrogate model selection algorithms. They are based on a novel criterion called the penalized predictive score. 2/ The main advantage of probabilistic approach is that it provides a measure of uncertainty associated with the prediction. This uncertainty is an efficient tool to construct strategies for various problems such as prediction enhancement, optimization or inversion. We defined a universal approach for uncertainty quantification that could be applied for any surrogate model. It is based on a weighted empirical probability measure supported by cross-validation sub-models’ predictions.3/ We present the so-called Split-and-Doubt algorithm that performs sequentially both feature estimation and dimension reduction
Dubois, Florentine. "Une méthodologie de conception de modèles analytiques de surface et de puissance de réseaux sur puce hautement paramétriques basée sur une méthode d'apprentissage automatique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877956.
Dubois, Florentine. "Une méthodologie de conception de modèles analytiques de surface et de puissance de réseaux sur puce hautement paramétriques basée sur une méthode d’apprentissage automatique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM026/document.
In the last decade, Networks-on-chip (NoCs) have emerged as an efficient and flexible interconnect solution to handle the increasing number of processing elements included in Systems-on-chip (SoCs). NoCs are able to handle high-bandwidth and scalability needs under tight performance constraints. However, they are usually characterized by a large number of architectural and implementation parameters, resulting in a vast design space. In these conditions, finding a suitable NoC architecture for specific platform needs is a challenging issue. Moreover, most of main design decisions (e.g. topology, routing scheme, quality of service) are usually made at architectural-level during the first steps of the design flow, but measuring the effects of these decisions on the final implementation at such high level of abstraction is complex. Static analysis (i.e. non-simulation-based methods) has emerged to fulfill this need of reliable performance and cost estimation methods available early in the design flow. As the level of abstraction of static analysis is high, it is unrealistic to expect an accurate estimation of the performance or cost of the chip. Fidelity (i.e. characterization of the main tendencies of a metric) is thus the main objective rather than accuracy. This thesis proposes a modeling methodology to design static cost analysis of NoC components. The proposed method is mainly oriented towards generality. In particular, no assumption is made neither on the number of parameters of the components nor on the dependences of the modeled metric on these parameters. We are then able to address components with millions of configurations possibilities (order of 1e+30 configuration possibilities) and to estimate cost of complex NoCs composed of a large number of these components at architectural-level. It is difficult to model that kind of components with experimental analytical models due to the huge number of configuration possibilities. We thus propose a fully-automated modeling flow which can be applied directly to any architecture and technology. The output of the flow is a NoC component cost predictor able to estimate a metric of interest for any configuration of the design space in few seconds. The flow builds fine-grained analytical models on the basis of gate-level results and a machine-learning method. It is then able to design models with a better fidelity than purely-mathematical methods while preserving their main qualities (i.e. low complexity, early availability). Moreover, it is also able to take into account the effects of the technology on the performance. We propose to use an interpolation method based on Kriging theory. By using Kriging methodology, the number of implementation flow runs required in the modeling process is minimized and the main characteristics of the metrics in space are modeled both globally and locally. The method is applied to model logic area of key NoC components. The inclusion of traffic is then addressed and a NoC router leakage and average dynamic power model is designed on this basis
Guillon, Delphine. "Assistance à l’élaboration d’offres du produit au service : proposition d’un modèle générique centré connaissances et d’une méthodologie de déploiement et d’exploitation." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0005/document.
The work presented in this thesis deals with assistance in bid elaboration, by adopting the point of view of the bidder during a tendering response process. These bids may concern products, services or product-service systems (PSS). As part of our work, we group this diversity under the term“PvSS”. We are therefore interested in the following problem: “How to master and assist in bid elaboration in response to calls for tenders?”. Our first contribution is a framework for modelling and exploiting knowledge. This framework is composed of a generic model of bid structure, as well as a knowledge exploitation model. The generic model of bid structure allows the modelling of both (1) the technical solution (what the company proposes to the customer) and (2) its realization process (how the company provides this solution to the customer). It also integrates the elaboration context, customer requirements, the evaluation indicators (cost, delivery time, confidence, etc.) and risks. This model is formalized and exploited using a taxonomy, a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) and case-based reasoning (CBR). Our second contribution deals with the characterization of a methodology for deploying and exploiting the proposed framework. This methodology, called ISIEM, includes phases of adaptation and deployment of the framework in enterprise (Initialization, Specialization and Implementation phases), but also phases of use (Exploitation and Maintenance phases). The work presented in this thesis is part of the ANR OPERA project. Our two contributions are illustrated by a case study from one of the project’s partner companies
Hermitte, Laurence. "Corrélation des propriétés physico-chimiques de biopolymères à la réponse cellulaire : Contribution à l'élaboration de nouveaux implants anti-cataracte secondaire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECDL0015.
Adhesion and proliferation of lens epithelial cells remaining in the capsular bag after cataract surgery can generate a secondary cataract. This post-operative pathology induces a new loss of visual acuity. Physico-chemical characterisation of synthetic surfaces has shown the existence of properties that discriminate materials having sometimes a quite close chemical structure. An in vitro test, simple and sensitive, has confirmed the influence of the polymer chemical formula on the delay and degree of secondary cataract apparition. Thanks to these complementary studies, we have identified surface parameters that play a major role on biological response : hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, electrical properties, and polymeric chain mobility. The correlations found between polymer physico-chemical properties and cell behaviour allowed us to initiale the development of an efficient anti-secondary caratact lens. The first approach consists in the elaboration of an hydrogel containing carboxylates groups. The results have confirmed previously established correlations between dzeta potentiel or hydophilicity and cell response. The second approach is the grafting of HEMA/MAA oligomers on an hydrogel lens. These new prostheses are injectable and combine good mechanical properties and anti-secondary cataract activity