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Marchant, Natalie Lorraine. "Prospective memory : methodologic, pharmacologic, and genetic considerations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508970.
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Prospective Memory (PM) - memory for a delayed intention - is essential for functioning in everyday life. Event-based PM relies on a cue (eg a postbox) to trigger recall of an intention (eg mail a letter). In the laboratory a typical event-based PM paradigm comprises a pre-designated PM cue which is embedded in an ongoing computerized task. Through a series of four articles I address the impact of methodology, pharmacology, and genetics on event-based PM in a laboratory setting. Article I examines the effect of varying PM cue frequency. Increasing cue frequency improves performance and causes an alteration in strategy towards the task. Article IV introduces a novel paradigm which differentiates the attention-based (prospective) and memory-based (retrospective) PM components, specifically measuring both accuracy and reaction time for these components. Article II concentrates on pharmacologic manipulations, focusing on the indirect noradrenergic agonist modafinil and the cholinergic against nicotine, and how their beneficial effects interact with cue frequency. When cue frequency is high (20%) modafinil facilitates performance, but not when cue frequency falls to 5%. Conversely, nicotine improves performance when cue frequency is low, but not when high. This pharmacologic double dissociation lends further support to the behavioural data, indicating activation of different attentional processes when cue frequency changes. Article III explores the cognitive consequences of possessing the ε4 variant of the Apolipoprotein E gene in younger adults; and extends the argument for early-age cognitive dominance of ε4 carriers to include superior PM performance. Additionally Article III reveals that nicotine again improves PM performance, but critically only for ε4 carriers. Finally, Article IV shows that non-ε4 carriers' PM performance remains unaffected by an increased nicotine dosage. These articles contribute to understanding PM and the complex interaction between the methods used to measure it, the drugs used to influence it, and individual differences.
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Smeets, Thomas Johannes Maria. "Immunohistochemical analysis of rheumatoid synovial tissue methodologic and pathogenetic studies /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/86863.
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CAMACHO, CRISTIANE FARIAS. "METHODOLOGIC FOR ASSESSMENT OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM THROUGH MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3716@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA realidade vivida pela população rural tem sempre surpresas a revelar e mais ainda quando se trata do meio rural não eletrificado. Este estudo examina uma parte da realidade do cotidiano vivido por propriedades rurais envolvidas no Programa de Eletrificação Rural Luz no Campo, mostrando o modo de vida das propriedades na fase anterior ao recebimento de energia elétrica. Através do data mining dos dados coletados na pesquisa de campo do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e da aplicação de técnicas de análise multivariada, tais como: Análise de Fatores e Análise de Cluster, este estudo possibilitará a visualização do modo de vida de propriedades não eletrificadas permitindo posteriormente a comparação com a chegada da energia elétrica que propiciará a avaliação do Programa de Eletrificação Rural. O modelo foi aplicado em dados de duas concessionárias de energia elétrica do Brasil usando dados horários coletados durante dois anos.
The reality lived by the rural population has always some surprises to reveal, even more when it's about the not electrified rural domain. This research examines a part of the reality lived by homestead involved in the Rural Electrification Program Luz no Campo, showing their way of life in the previous phase of the electricity receipt. Through the data mining of the collected data in the field research in Mato Grosso do Sul state and with the application a varied of statistical multivariate techniques such as: Factors Analysis and Cluster Analysis, this research will provide the visualization of the way of life of non electrified properties allowing a later comparison with the data collected in the same properties, after the arrival of the electricity. This way, it will be possible to establish a formal evaluation of the Rural Electrification Program.
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Sanchez-Sweatman, Louise R. "The development of nursing cases for ethics research, a methodologic enquiry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ46125.pdf.
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Khachaturian, Ara S. "Methodologic studies for improved results in epidemologic research on the dementia of aging." Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068174.
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McGuire, Valerie. "Assessment of occupational exposures : methodologic issues in a risk factor study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10855.
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Kmetic, Andrew Martin. "Methodologic issues in the analysis of data from a population based osteoporosis study : adjusting for selection bias and measurement error." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84273.
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Two issues related to osteoporosis are addressed. (1) To estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis in Canada. (2) To estimate the effect of initial bone mass on bone mineral density (BMD) decline rates over a period of three years. We employ data from the Canadian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (Cantos), a prospective, fixed cohort study comprised of 9,423 randomly selected subjects from nine different regions in Canada.For the first objective, Cantos had a relatively low participation rate (42%), so that selection bias is a concern. The Cantos study design, however, included a brief risk factor questionnaire for those invitees that declined further participation. These risk factors were then used to estimate the missing osteoporosis status for non-participants using Bayesian multiple imputation, thus adjusting for nonresponse bias. Both ignorable and non-ignorable imputation models are considered.
Complicating study of the relationship between the initial BMD and rate of decline is the issue of measurement error, which can cause a spurious negative association between the rate of change in a variable and the initial value of the variable. A novel variation on the Bayesian methods of Richardson and Gilks (1993b) is used to adjust for measurement error in both the initial and year three BMD values.
After adjusting for selection bias, prevalence increased from negligible in the youngest age group to 38.9% for women and 15.4% for men in the 80+ age group. Selection bias was estimated to be relatively small, except in the oldest age group, where the bias was 2.4% for women and 5.4% for men.
For women the unadjusted relationship between the rate of decline of BMD and initial BMD is negative, -0.040 (95% CI = -0.053; -0.028). Correcting for measurement error results in estimates closer to zero. For example, using a hierarchical model with measurement error correction yields an estimate of -0.030 (95% CI = -0.050; -0.009). For men the unadjusted relationship between rate of decline and initial BMD was -0.026 (95% CI = -0.043; -0.009). Correcting for measurement error using the hierarchical model yields a much lower estimate of -0.013 (95% CI = -0.041; 0.016). It is clear that ignoring measurement error results in a heavily biased estimate of the effect of initial BMD on rate of decline of BMD for both women and men. The measurement error adjusted estimates were of a lesser magnitude than the unadjusted estimate, with reductions of approximately 25% to 50%.
The results from this thesis can be used to make decisions about osteoporosis treatment in Canada. Knowledge of the prevalence rates in Canada is useful to public health planners in allocating resources. Knowledge of the relationship between initial levels of BMD and subsequent decline in BMD allows better public health decision making, for example, in deciding whether to focus on bone health early in life, or whether it is more important to prevent decline later in life.
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Roemer, Frank W., Ali Guermazi, Jamie E. Collins, Elena Losina, Michael C. Nevitt, John A. Lynch, Jeffrey N. Katz, C. Kent Kwoh, Virginia B. Kraus, and David J. Hunter. "Semi-quantitative MRI biomarkers of knee osteoarthritis progression in the FNIH biomarkers consortium cohort − Methodologic aspects and definition of change." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623126.
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Background: To describe the scoring methodology and MRI assessments used to evaluate the cross-sectional features observed in cases and controls, to define change over time for different MRI features, and to report the extent of changes over a 24-month period in the Foundation for National Institutes of Health Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Consortium study nested within the larger Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) Study. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study. Cases (n = 406) were knees having both radiographic and pain progression. Controls (n = 194) were knee osteoarthritis subjects who did not meet the case definition. Groups were matched for Kellgren-Lawrence grade and body mass index. MRIs were acquired using 3 T MRI systems and assessed using the semi-quantitative MOAKS system. MRIs were read at baseline and 24 months for cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BML), osteophytes, meniscal damage and extrusion, and Hoffa- and effusion-synovitis. We provide the definition and distribution of change in these biomarkers over time. Results: Seventy-three percent of the cases had subregions with BML worsening (vs. 66 % in controls) (p = 0.102). Little change in osteophytes was seen over 24 months. Twenty-eight percent of cases and 10 % of controls had worsening in meniscal scores in at least one subregion (p < 0.001). Seventy-three percent of cases and 53 % of controls had at least one area with worsening in cartilage surface area (p < 0.001). More cases experienced worsening in Hoffa- and effusion synovitis than controls (17 % vs. 6 % (p < 0.001); 41 % vs. 18 % (p < 0.001), respectively). Conclusions: A wide range of MRI-detected structural pathologies was present in the FNIH cohort. More severe changes, especially for BMLs, cartilage and meniscal damage, were detected primarily among the case group suggesting that early changes in multiple structural domains are associated with radiographic worsening and symptomatic progression.
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Hajian-Tilaki, Karimollah. "Methodologic contributions to ROC analysis : a study of the robustness of the binormal model for quantitative data and methods for studies involving multiple signals." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29034.
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The purpose of this dissertation is twofold: (i) to examine the robustness of the binormal model as a "semi-parametric" approach to ROC analysis for quantitative diagnostic tests; (ii) to develop nonparametric methods for ROC analysis of data concerning multiple "signals".Metz et al (1990) adapted the binormal model, used previously for rating data only, for ROC analysis of quantitative diagnostic tests. Their investigation of its performance was limited to data generated from the bi-normal model itself. Part (i) of this thesis describes a broader numerical investigation to assess how it performs in various configurations of non-binormal pairs of distributions, where one or both pair members were mixtures of Gaussian (MG) distributions. We also investigated the effects of sample size and the number of data categories used. Three criteria, bias in estimates of the area under the curve (AUC), bias in estimated true positive fraction (TPF's) at specific false positive fraction (FPF) points, and discrepancies between the estimated and true TPF over the wider portion of the ROC curve, were used to assess the impact of departures from binormality. The bias in the estimates of AUC was small for all configurations studied, no matter what amount of discretization and what sample sizes were used. By the other criteria, the binormal model was robust to departures involving $ {$G, MG--skewed or bimodal$ }$ pairs. The fits were less appropriate at FPF = 0.05 and 0.10 when both pair-members were skewed to the right, but even then the bias in estimates of TPF was less than 0.06. The "semi-parametric" and nonparametric approaches yielded very similar estimates of AUC and of the corresponding sampling variability.
Part (ii) develops nonparametric ROC analysis for the situation when pathology and test interpretation data for each patient are K-dimensional. The approach computes K "pseudo-accuracies" for each patient; from these, K U-statistics are derived. One can form a summary index from these K components, as well as the standard error (SE) of this index based on the observed correlations among the pseudo-accuracies. The applicability of a simplified formula for the SE was assessed. The method was also extended to comparisons of two diagnostic systems. The procedures are illustrated using data sets from two clinical studies. The approach can handle the complex structure of multi-signal ROC data; it takes the various inter-correlations into account, and makes efficient use of the data.
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Warren, Andrew Eugene. "The use of inhaled beclomethasone to decrease the duration of paroxysmal coughing in pediatric patients with pertussis, results and methodologic issues in a randomized clinical trial." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ34238.pdf.
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Warren, Andrew Eugene. "The use of inhaled beclomethasone to decrease the duration of paroxysmal coughing in pediatric patients with pertussis : results and methodologic issues in a randomized clinical trial /." St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 1997.
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Kruse, Lance M. "Item-Reduction Methodologies for Complex Educational Assessments: A Comparative Methodological Exploration." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1576175496892792.
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Fons?ca, Alexandre V?tor de Lima. "Orienta??o geogr?fica: uma proposta metodol?gica para o ensino da geografia na 5? s?rie." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18971.
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Cartographical representations (maps, charters and plans) are taken as didactic resources in Geography classes in the 5th grade of the municipal public schools in S?o Jos? de Ribamar through a methodological approach taking into consideration the use of those resources is still worries an important part of the teachers of the Maranh?o State public schools who teach in this level. Papers related to the theme, most of the time, are non accessible to the teachers of the maranhense public schools, mainly because the education instilutions, which use those resources, do it in a very incipient way. So this research proposes from the drawings of magnetccoursein the school courtyards, together with maps, charts, plans among others representation used in the classroom environment, motivate the students to a deeper interests in participating in Geography learning process in the 5th grade. Interviews, analyses of socialcultural questionnaires of the families involved in the process; observations of classes, trainings, geocartographical orientations, application of pre and posttests, discussions about the usage of cartographic representations, proposed and effectivated tasks in the classroom, as well as around the school, were the basis of the researched population. As a result of this process, it was produced a was complement didatical material showing, among others, the space in which students, for sure, will contribute in an effective way to a better teaching practice in the chain of maranhense public schools, having in mind that these geographic subjects may be taught in the level we focused our study
Abordase o uso das representa??es cartogr?ficas (mapas, cartas e plantas) como recursos did?ticos nas aulas de Geografia na 5? s?rie da rede p?blica municipal de S?o Jos? de Ribamar, a partir de uma proposta metodol?gica, onde, o uso desses recursos ainda ? motivo de preocupa??o para uma parcela consider?vel de educadores que ministram aulas no ensino fundamental. Trabalhos a respeito do tema, na maioria das vezes, s?o inacess?veis aos professores da rede p?blica maranhense, principalmente tendo em vista que as institui??es de ensino que fazem uso desse recurso, ainda o fazem de forma incipiente. Assim sendo, a pesquisa prop?e, a partir do desenho derumosmagn?ticosnos p?tios escolares, em conjunto com mapas, cartas, plantas, entre outras representa??es utilizadas na sala de aula, despertar em educandos, um maior interesse em participar do processo de aprendizagem nas aulas de Geografia da 5? s?rie. Entrevistas; an?lises de question?rios s?cioculturais das fam?lias envolvidas no processo; observa??o de aulas; treinamentos; orienta??es geocartogr?ficas; aplica??o de pr? e p?stestes, discuss?es a respeito do uso de representa??es cartogr?ficas, tarefas propostas e efetivadas nas salas de aulas e em torno das escolas, embasaram e envolveram todo o universo amostral pesquisado. Como resultante desse processo, foi produzido material did?tico complementar retratando o espa?o vivenciado pelos educandos, que, certamente, contribuir?, de forma efetiva, para a melhoria da pr?tica docente nas escolas da rede p?blica maranhense, na medida em que os conte?dos geogr?ficos da referida s?rie forem ministrados
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Fitzgerald, Brian. "Methodology-in-action : the nature of usage of systems development methodologies in practice." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265004.
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Clark, J. V. W. "Reclaiming novelty : Hannah Arendt on natality as an anti-methodological methodology for sociology." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22373/.
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This dissertation seeks to contribute to research in the philosophy of social science. The study focuses upon select epistemological and ontological aspects of Hannah Arendt’s work from which methodological implications are drawn pertaining to sociology. Arendt, although critical of the sociology of her time, has become increasingly cited and influential for emerging sociological research and this study seeks to contribute to this by focusing upon the problem of novelty. The aim is to explore the philosophical and methodological implications of novelty for social science by working through three case studies that are theoretically pivotal for social science—action, the ‘social’, and the self—in terms of novelty as expressed in Arendt’s writing. Arendt is critical of methodology and epistemology, aiming to draw her readers to ontological concerns outlined from her preoccupation with the 'world' and social reality. In this aim, Arendt seeks to distance herself from social sciences that she claims ignore human novelty in favour of reading social regularities, tendencies and similarities. Despite her disdain for method, Arendt suggests a anti-methodological 'method' (outlined in an overlooked footnote) for keeping trained upon and for dealing with novel, anomalous events. In the seed of this method lies a unique opportunity for social science to reassess and extend its methods, addressing this oversight and in so doing bring to light the novel social object as a legitimate subject of social research.
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Episkopou, D. M. "The theory and practice of information systems methodologies : A grounded theory of methodological evolution." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380960.
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Andersson, Victor. "Standards and methodologies for evaluating digital forensics tools : Developing and testing a new methodology." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37485.
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Standards play a big role in a lot of professions and when it comes to most aspects of law enforcement and forensic investigation, it’s no different. Despite that, for some reason, there aren’t any for when it comes to evaluating and choosing forensic tools. The lack of an international standard for evaluating forensic tools has a clear negative impact on the digital forensics community as it lowers the value of tool tests and evaluations and hinders both the reproducibility and verification of their results. Most tool evaluations are performed with custom forensic images and measures metrics that are not scientifically motivated, but rather made up based on the evaluator's personal preferences. By examining current standards and related work done in the field, a new methodology is proposed. It builds on scientific principles and the strengths of existing literature. The methodology is then tested in a practical experiment. The result of the paper is a solid foundation for a new standard to be built upon.
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Abdallah, Salam. "Unravelling methodologies: a theory building approach." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/287.
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Problem solving methodologies in IS are numerous, varied in objectives and scope, and commonly suffer consequences of deviation and rejection. This research investigates the essence of methodologies in order to understand and to address these consequences. In this thesis, methodologies are treated in a broad sense in order to arrive at a generalisable solution. An integrated research framework was constructed to pursue the solution. The framework is based on my adopted ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. The research is considered as an interpretivist single case study using qualitative research methods. A holistic Information Security Methodology was selected for in-depth study. Data were collected from various sources, but primarily from focus groups using 18 participants representing 11 organisations. Data were also collected from the developer of the methodology and two other organisations who were implementing it. Data analysis was based on a grounded approach to arrive at a substantive theory representing a conception of an ideal methodology as perceived by these practitioners. The use of the Hermeneutic circle and the purposely constructed Interrogative Framework were the essential tools for analysis. This conception is believed to hold some of the key factors for reducing the common problems of deviation and rejection of methodologies. The proposed theory is the main contribution of this research, which can be used as a foundation theory to construct and evaluate methodologies. The theory also has been used to propose extensions to existing theories. The core theory consists of basic elements and attributes. Other constructs were also developed to be used as contexts to the theory. In totality these findings provide a rich sphere to examine and understand methodologies.
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Tabrez, Shams, and Islam Jan. "Documentation and Agile Methodology." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-212653.
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Computer science in general and software engineering in specific is changing very fast. Software engineers are constantly using more innovative and more efficient ways to develop new software than in the past. This continuous evolution of software development methodologies has a great impact on both the software developed and the environment that the developers work-in. Agile software development methodologies are used to overcome many issues in the software development processes. One of the issues which still exists and needs to be addressed is the preparation of proper documentation along with the software. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on software documentation. The work starts by a thorough literature review which focuses on different aspects of software documentation and different agile methodologies. The thesis focuses on finding out the challenges that the developers faces during their development process. Two major questions addressed in the thesis. First one is to find the motivation to document in agile envirionment, whih is based on the hypothesis that there do exist a motivation. The second question is that how should documentation be produced such that we could avoid maximum possible potential problems. These questions are addressed with the help of different perspectives of the stockholders (i.e. developers and users) and the existing methods for documentation. A questionnaire was developed based on the nine categories of documentation, like user documents and system documents etc.. It included different questions related to the types of documents created in software development processes, the software development stage at which the documents are created and the importance of the documents. Questions from this questionnaire are then posted on agile specific discussion forums. Where many experienced and fresh practitioners participated in the discussion. We had a detailed discussion on every component of documentation and problems were identified by the practitioners. The questionnaire was also sent to different companies practicing agile methodology. we received about 14 responses as it was detailed questionnaire with about 34 questions. The responses of the discussion forum and survey are then analyzed and conclusions were drawn. The conclusions include that all the participants consider software documentation very important to the success of a software development project. the question of motivation is answered from the literature and opinions we received from experienced practitioners. While seven factor are identified that affect your documentation, to help solve the question of how should documentation be done.
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Azam, Zaher. "WEB PROJECTS MANAGEMENTBETWEEN THEORY & PRACTICAL APPLICATION." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsområde Informationsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14318.
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Abimbola, Kolapo Ogunniyi. "Scientific rationality and methodological change : a critical examination of some recent attempts to naturalize methodology." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1228/.
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Following the work of Popper and especially of Kuhn in the 1960s, the attention of philosophers of science has been very much concentrated on change in science. Popper's picture was of constant change ("revolution in permanence") at the level of scientific theories, but constant change in accordance with fixed methodological standards of evaluation. Drawing on Kuhn's work, however, many recent philosophers of science have held that the phenomenon of scientific change is much more radical and far-reaching than anything allowed by Popper: specifically, that there have been major changes in methodological standards during the history of science alongside changes in accepted fundamental theory. The chief problem facing this no-invariant-methodology thesis is that it seems to inevitably entail relativism. If the methods and principles of scientific theory appraisal are subject to radical change, then competing theories or research traditions may uphold competing (or conflicting) methodologies. When methodologies do conflict, how can choice between competing theories or research traditions be rationally adjudicated. How can the methods and principles for the correct appraisal of scientific theories themselves evolve rationally. Two major attempts have been made in the recent literature to construct positions which accommodate change in methodological standards while nonetheless avoiding relativism. These are the versions of methodological naturalism developed by Larry Laudan and Dudley Shapere, respectively. This dissertation examines these two positions in detail and argues that they fail: in so far as they really incorporate the no-invariant- methodology thesis they inevitably embrace relativism. I argue that the way to resolve this difficulty is to reject the no-invariant-methodology thesis. Moreover, methodological naturalists (like Laudan and Shapere) have not succeeded in giving any genuine and convincing illustration of radical methodological change.
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Abdallah, Salam. "Unravelling methodologies: a theory building approach." Curtin University of Technology, School of Information Systems, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16417.
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Problem solving methodologies in IS are numerous, varied in objectives and scope, and commonly suffer consequences of deviation and rejection. This research investigates the essence of methodologies in order to understand and to address these consequences. In this thesis, methodologies are treated in a broad sense in order to arrive at a generalisable solution. An integrated research framework was constructed to pursue the solution. The framework is based on my adopted ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. The research is considered as an interpretivist single case study using qualitative research methods. A holistic Information Security Methodology was selected for in-depth study. Data were collected from various sources, but primarily from focus groups using 18 participants representing 11 organisations. Data were also collected from the developer of the methodology and two other organisations who were implementing it. Data analysis was based on a grounded approach to arrive at a substantive theory representing a conception of an ideal methodology as perceived by these practitioners. The use of the Hermeneutic circle and the purposely constructed Interrogative Framework were the essential tools for analysis. This conception is believed to hold some of the key factors for reducing the common problems of deviation and rejection of methodologies. The proposed theory is the main contribution of this research, which can be used as a foundation theory to construct and evaluate methodologies. The theory also has been used to propose extensions to existing theories. The core theory consists of basic elements and attributes. Other constructs were also developed to be used as contexts to the theory. In totality these findings provide a rich sphere to examine and understand methodologies.
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Taylor, Martin Allen. "The use of systems development methodologies in web-based application development in South Africa / Martin Allen Taylor." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1447.
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Dias, Luiz Jorge Bezerra da Silva. "PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA DE ZONEAMENTO AMBIENTAL APLICADA AO MUNICÍPIO DE ANAJATUBA (MA)." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1216.
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-21Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The Area of Environmental Protection of the Baixada Maranhense is one of the poorest areas economically of the State of Maranhão (Brazil) and lacking with respect to the readiness of information on the municipal districts that compose her. That implicates in a lack of appropriate theoretical-methodological orientation to the perspectives of environmental plannings and of establishment and execution of public politics gone back to the improvement of the conditions of the inhabitants' life. In that sense, a methodological proposal of Environmental Zoning was elaborated applied to the municipal district of Anajatuba (MA), because that space represents a mosaic of the situations physical, ecological and social (in all the senses) of the regional domain in that he/she interferes. They grew recognition studies and of classification of the elements / physical environmental resources (geology, geomorphology), geoecology(typologies of ecosystems) and humans (population evolution). That approach was complemented by the elaboration of the swinging municipal hidrological, which is considered important for sending to the readiness of the waters, in their several compartments, destined to the human provisioning and maintenance of their activities. The crossing of those information indicates which should be the appropriate sustainability strategies for the municipal district.
A Área de Proteção Ambiental da Baixada Maranhense é uma das regiões mais pobres economicamente do Estado do Maranhão (Brasil) e carente no que tange à disponibilidade de informações sobre os municípios que a compõem. Isso implica numa falta de orientação teórico-metodológica adequada às perspectivas de planejamentos ambientais e de estabelecimento e execução de políticas públicas voltadas para a melhoria das condições de vida dos habitantes. Nesse sentido, elaborou-se uma proposta metodológica de Zoneamento Ambiental aplicada ao município de Anajatuba (MA), pois esse espaço representa um mosaico das situações físicas, ecológicas e sociais (em todos os sentidos) do domínio regional em que se insere. Desenvolveram-se estudos de reconhecimento e de classificação dos elementos/recursos ambientais físicos (geologia, geomorfologia), ecogeográficos (tipologias de ecossistemas) e humanos (evolução populacional). Essa abordagem foi complementada pela elaboração do balanço hídrico municipal, o qual é considerado importante por remeter-se à disponibilidade das águas, em seus diversos compartimentos, destinadas ao abastecimento humano e manutenção de suas atividades. O cruzamento dessas informações indica quais devem ser as estratégias de sustentabilidade adequadas para o município.
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Farahini, Nasim. "SiLago: Enabling System Level Automation Methodology to Design Custom High-Performance Computing Platforms : Toward Next Generation Hardware Synthesis Methodologies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektronik och Inbyggda System, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185787.
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Lucas, Paul Mark. "Secondary Science Homework and Instructional Methodologies: An Investigation of the Alignment of Homework Assignments and Teachers' Self-Professed Instructional Methodology." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1251379408.
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Sibeoni, Jordan. "L’apport des méthodes qualitatives dans la recherche sur les soins en psychiatrie de l’adolescent." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS425/document.
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Les méthodes qualitatives visent à décrire, comprendre et approfondir un phénomène observé. Elles sont encore peu développées dans la recherche en psychiatrie de l’adolescent. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont à la fois méthodologiques et thérapeutiques. Il s'agit d'illustrer à partir de trois études qualitatives l'intérêt des méthodes qualitatives dans la recherche clinique sur les soins en psychiatrie de l'adolescent. Ces études ont en commun d'explorer la question des soins et en particulier celle de la perception des soins en psychiatrie de l'adolescent par les adolescents, leurs familles et leurs soignants, et de croiser ces perspectives. La première étude consiste en une métasynthèse -revue systématique et analyse de la littérature qualitative concernant l'anorexie mentale à l'adolescence. La deuxième étude se focalise sur l'utilisation de l'outil photographique et de son efficacité dans la recherche qualitative en psychiatrie de l'adolescent. Il s'agit d'une étude qualitative explorant le fonctionnement et les interactions familiales autour de la nourriture et du repas à l’aide de la photographie. Enfin la troisième recherche qualitative explore l'efficacité perçue des soins chez des adolescents suivis en psychiatrie dans le cadre d'un refus scolaire anxieux et chez leurs parents. Ces trois études nous permettent de discuter l’intérêt des méthodes qualitatives dans la recherche sur les soins en psychiatrie de l’adolescent et également la nécessité du développement de ces méthodes dans la recherche clinique en santé publiqueQualitative methods aim to describe, understand and deepen an observed phenomenon. Our objectives are both methodological and therapeutic. We illustrate the contribution of qualitative methods in research from three qualitative studies. These studies will jointly explore the issue of care and especially the perception of psychiatric care from adolescents, their families and caregivers. The first study is a metasynthesis - systematic review and analysis of qualitative literature- on anorexia nervosa in adolescence. The second study will focus on the use of the photographic tool and its effectiveness in qualitative research in adolescent psychiatry. This qualitative study will explore the functioning and family interactions around food and meals using Photo-elicitation. Finally, the third qualitative research will explore the perceived efficacy of care among adolescents receiving a treatment for school refusal, and their parents. These three studies enable us to discuss the contribution of qualitative methods in adolescent psychiatry care research and also the need of developing such methods in the field of clinical research in public health
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FOURNIER, HUGOT SONIA. "La methodologie freudienne." Lille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL30011.
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L'etude de la methodologie est l'etude de la genese des concepts analytiques a travers la mise en lumiere de la progression et de la demarche de freud. Les annees de formation du jeune freud determinent ses cadres conceptuels et methodologiques. Aupres de brucke, il apprend la valeur de l'observation et de la mise en place de procedes techniques nouveaux dans l'elaboration d'une theorie. Charcot privilegie le fait issu de l'observation clinique et sous hypnose, cree et supprime les symptomes hysteriques. Avec breuer et la methode cathartique appliquee a anna o. . . , le concept de causalite psychique est thematise tandis que l'abandon de l'hypnose et la mise en place par freud d'une nouvelle technique (suggestion et pression des mains) entrainent l'emergence des concepts-piliers de resistance et de refoulement. Ainsi, dans les etudes sur l'hysterie, adviennent concomitamment une pratique analytique basee sur l'association libre et une theorie indissociablement liee a l'observation et a la conceptualisation des faits observes dans la praxis. L'interpretation des reves est ce passage de la psychotherapie de l'hysterie a une theorie du sujet. Ce moment marque l'avenement de la psychanalyse comme reflexion et theorie de l'homme sur l'homme. Deux temps se succedent dans la progression freudienne : - le temps de la theorie, qui est celui de la conceptuali- sation par la mediation de la technique des donnees issues de l'observation. -le temps de l'hypothese, represente par les topiques, theorie de la theorie qui se base sur la premiere conceptualisation mais qui est eloignee des phenomenes observables. Le rapport constant du chercheur a l'experience, la transformation dans sa praxis de sa technique, le retour a l'objet dans ce refus de la speculation, des theories pre-etablies et des systemes, la lutte contre les prejuges, sont autant d'elements methodologiques qui tendent a valider l'enonce analytique.
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Hottinger, Stephan. "Nelson Goodmans Methodologie /." [Bern] : Selbstverlag, 1985. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Tsai, Shi-Chi. "Using data mining to explore the regularity of genetic algorithms in job shop schedule problems." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184347015.
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Pieterse, Petronella Johanna. "An interpretive analysis of systems development methodology adaptation in South Africa / P.J. Pieterse." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1565.
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Novy, Andreas. "Die Methodologie interpretativer Sozialforschung." Institut für Wirtschaftsgeographie, Abt. Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1444/1/document.pdf.
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Keskin, Emre. "Methodological Physicalism." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608155/index.pdf.
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Contemporary materialism, which tries to explain the working principles of the mind and the universe, become less meaningful after the developments in the modern physics. The modern physics showed that the definition of matter, as it is used in defining materialism, is no longer valid. Chomsky states his position as &ldquoChomsky'
s challenge to materialism&rdquo
by claiming that with the abolishment of the definition of the matter, there is no reason to defend materialism, which depends on that definition. Therefore, materialism becomes an empty doctrine thus cannot be used in explaining the mind. The developments in the modern physics creates the need for a new doctrine, which can explain the mind and at the same time be compatible with the modern physics and possible any future physics. This new doctrine, the methodological physicalism, aims to explain the mind by using the modern physics. Creating such a doctrine requires understanding of materialism and its form as well as understanding the problems of materialism and its forms. By identifying the defects in materialism and by using the modern physics as a standing point methodological physicalism can achieve a more successful understanding of the working of the mind. By using the modern physics, the methodological physicalism can explain why the currents models of the mind fail. Moreover, it can explain how certain models of the mind constructed, which employs the quantum mechanics while explaining the mind. The methodological physicalism will help understanding the mind where materialism fails to do so.
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Anette, Lindskog. "Methodology evaluation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-71276.
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In this paper, I investigate the use of SWOT analysis and the resource based view as tools to elaborate a business plan and in academic research by assessing the two methods’ strengths and weaknesses. I found that SWOT analysis is useful to structure and prioritise information in a short and concise way. Even though, the information and the information collection methods as well as the concepts and theories used in combinaton with the model and their quality is of the most importance for a proper use of the model. The resource based view is useful to reflect over which internal resources are the most valuable for the company, even though it can be difficult to assess the most important assets, i.e. the intangible assets. I also found that the fact that the resource based view, which is a explanantory theory, is used as a predicative theory causes uncertainaty and is problematic.
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Kolář, Vít. "Implementace metodiky budování IS v IT společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-19061.
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The theme of this thesis is how to implement an existing software development methodology in small company. The main aim of the thesis is to choose and adapt one of existing methodology and implement it in the real enterprise environment, therefore the first step is analyze existing (current) state in this environment and consequently propose the best way of implementing and establishing the chosen methodology. The first chapter of the thesis deals with theoretical background devoted to history of software development methodologies and explains the meaning of software development and describes its goals and parts. Existing trends in the area of software development methodologies are also described in this chapter. The next part of the thesis is focused on most widely used methodologies and approaches in this area. Some of possible methodologies for small companies are described and presented with the view of making process of selection easier. Next logical step of this work is analyzing the current state of development process of client and choosing appropriate methodology for implementation. The last chapter deals with project of implementation that consists of several steps divided into three main phases. The aim of the first phase of the project is to propose solution to establishing new methodology. It is followed by the phase implementing this solution in real enterprise environment. The project of implementation concludes with verification of results through real pilot project.
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Groux-Leclet, Dominique. "Une approche par plans et par modélisation du domaine appliquée à l'enseignement de la rhumatologie : le système ARIADE : Apprentissage de la Rhumatologie Intelligemment Assistée par orDinatEur." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP666S.
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Ce manuscrit fait état de l'étude et de la réalisation d'un système tutoriel, à base de connaissances, appliqué à la rhumatologie. Il a été entrepris avec le concours du service de médecine informatique de la faculté de Rennes. Le système ARIADE, pour Apprentissage de la Rhumatologie Intelligemment Assistée par orDinatEur, à pour but d'aider à la formation des étudiants en 4ème année de médecine. L’objectif est de concevoir un système capable d'abord de leur donner des connaissances sur le domaine et sur le raisonnement diagnostique de la rhumatologie, puis d'en vérifier et d'en évaluer l'acquisition. Ce travail de recherche se décompose de la façon suivante. En premier lieu, une étude a été menée sur l'enseignement de la médecine et le diagnostic médical. Puis, il s'est agi de modéliser et de mettre en oeuvre les connaissances du domaine de la rhumatologie à des fins d'enseignement du diagnostic. La phase suivante, en fait réalisée conjointement avec cette modélisation, a consisté à mettre à jour et à représenter les connaissances pédagogiques utiles. Enfin, un système informatique a été réalisé : il permet notamment de placer l'étudiant face à un cas clinique qu'il doit résoudre ; le système contrôle ses actions, lui fournit alors les informations et les explications utiles.
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Slouma, Maher. "Vers une approche incrémentale et contingente de la communication des connaissances : le cas du Knowledge Management." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0005.
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Dans une économie fondée sur la connaissance et le savoir, la maîtrise de ressources informationnelles est devenue un des principaux facteurs de succès et de compétitivité de toute organisation innovante. C’est ce qui explique l’important investissement en la matière de la part de tous les acteurs économiques. Dans ce contexte, le Knowledge Management apparaît comme une réponse permettant d’organiser et de maîtriser les connaissances et les compétences acquises en interne pour agir en externe. Le management des connaissances a pour but d’avoir un système d’information durable et une dynamique informationnelle au sein des organisations. Notre sujet nous a conduit à une longue observation des préoccupations des acteurs de la communauté Knowledge Management. Nous avons étudié leurs principales interrogations dans les différents canaux de communication ; nous avons par la suite regroupé leurs attentes dans deux grandes questions qui constituent en effet nos questions de recherche. Cette recherche vise à atteindre deux objectifs principaux : Le 1er objectif est de comprendre comment mettre en place une démarche Knowledge Management dans une organisation et de savoir si cette démarche est la même pour n’importe quel type d’organisation. Sinon quels sont les facteurs de contingence à prendre en considération ? Le 2ème objectif : une fois cette démarche mise en place, est – elle évolutive, changeante et incrémentale ou bien reste-t-elle statique ? Ces deux objectifs constituent les deux principales parties que nous traitons dans cette thèse. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons choisi d’utiliser un pluralisme méthodologique s’appuyant d’une part sur des méthodes d’intelligence informationnelle, d’autre part sur une étude quantitative à l’aide d’un questionnaire et enfin sur une étude qualitative via des entretiens semi-directifsIn an economy founded on the knowledge and the data, the mastery of informational resources became one of the main factors of success and competitiveness of all innovating organization. It is what explains the important investment on the subject on behalf of all economic actors. In this context, the Knowledge Management appears like an answer permitting to organize and to master the knowledge and expertise’s acquired in intern to act in external. The knowledge management has for goal to have a lasting information system and an informational dynamics within the organizations. Our topic drove us to a long observation of the preoccupations of the actors of the community Knowledge Management. We studied their main questionings in the different channels of communication; we regrouped their waiting thereafter in two big questions that constitute our questions of research indeed. This research aims to reach two main objectives : The 1st objective is to understand how to put a gait Knowledge Management in place in an organization and to know if this gait is the same for any type of organization. Otherwise what the factors of contingency are to take in consideration? The 2nd objective: once this gait setting up, is. her evolutive, changing and incremental or she remain static? These two objectives constitute the two main parts that we treat in this thesis. To answer this problematic, we chose to use a methodological pluralism leaning on the one hand on methods of informational intelligence, on the other hand on a quantitative survey with the help of a questionnaire and finally on a qualitative survey via interviews
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BARBEAU, SYLVAIN. "Methodologie d'ingenierie des systemes aerospatiale." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT2069.
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La maitrise de la qualite est le maitre mot des entreprises soucieuses d'offrir a leurs clients des systemes repondant a leurs besoins dans les delais et couts prevus. Pour ce faire, elles ont en premier lieu cherche a capitaliser et a formaliser leur savoir-faire dans chacun de ses domaines de competences de facon a generaliser les methodes et pouvoir les ameliorer. L'un des objets principaux de la these est precisement d'etablir une reference (medisys) pour l'ingenierie des systemes dont aerospatiale a la charge en tant que maitre d'oeuvre ou architecte industriel. Medisys couvre a la fois le processus de conception, le processus d'analyse d'un existant et specifie les interfaces entre ces 2 processus d'etude et la gestion de programmes. La simple description de ces trois axes pour l'ingenierie des systemes et des methodes associees reste insuffisante si elle n'est pas couplee a un ensemble d'outils utilisable tout au long des processus afin d'assister les ingenieurs dans leurs travaux. En outre, dans un cadre industriel, ces outils doivent egalement etre interconnectes entre eux afin d'offrir une continuite tout au long des etudes. L'atelier systeme developpe pour les etudes aerospatiale (elisa) decrit dans la these, se compose de cet ensemble d'outils et des moyens d'interconnexions. D'autre part, ces resultats ont donne naissance au developpement d'un standard au sein de l'iso dans le cadre des echanges de donnees entre outils d'ingenierie systeme.
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Cudjoe, Samuel. "How do Companies Reward their Employees." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102749.
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This study is unique considering the location (Africa) and the industrial setting (Gold Mining) from which the research was studied as reward systems had mostly been studied in the North-American and European settings. Thus, the study considered rewards from the perspective of the African and its natural resource industries such as the gold mining industry. The methodology employed in the study was based on a case study approach at Golden Star (Bogoso/Prestea) Limited (GSB/PL) with a population size of 1029 employees combining both qualitative and quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey of a 278 sample size and structured interview with the Human Resources and Administration Manager. Thus, the method of data collection represents methodological triangulation and the data obtained from the study represents a primary source of data. The study revealed that all the three generational groups (Baby Boomers, GEN Xers and GEN Yers) places higher emphasis or priority on financial incentives (high salary and bonuses) over any other incentives when respondents were asked to indicate the reward they prefer most. But when rewards were considered as a total package profile, greater number of the baby boomers placed more emphasis or priority on packages with highly flexible pension benefits, long term job security and high internal promotions eventhough the salary and bonus components of the packages (profile) were not that attract. The GEN X and GEN Y groups still maintained their reward package profile preferences based on high financial incentives, training and learning opportunities, personal growth and career advancement. The study revealed that aside the high preferences for financial incentives such as high salary and bonuses by all the generational groups, few of the GEN X and GEN Y also exhibited other preferences such as high personal growth, flexible work schedule, attractive company policy and administration, career advancement, working environment, job security and praises and recognition of which the baby boomers did not indicate any preferences or interest. The study revealed that all the three generational groups (Baby Boomers, GEN X and GEN Y) consider high salary and bonuses as factor which causes employee dissatisfaction when not satisfied or available but when they are satisfied or available also do not motivate or cause satisfaction and thus confirming Herzberg Two-Factor theory that factors such as salary or remuneration, job security, working conditions and company policies only prevent employee dissatisfaction. The study revealed that all generational groups (baby boomers, GEN X and GEN Y) consider high salaries and bonuses as factor which could lead to lack of satisfaction and motivation of the employee in his current role or position when not available or satisfied and thus this finding confirm the traditional belief that pay is prime, or in some cases the only source of motivation but contradict Herzberg claim that pay (high salaries and bonuses) is only an extrinsic factor and that when is available or satisfied, pay does not bring satisfaction and motivation but rather prevents dissatisfaction. The study revealed that GSB/PL rewards systems basically comprises of extrinsic rewards such as high salary levels (pay increases), a bonus scheme, training and learning opportunities, job security, Stock options, Retirement/Pension benefits such as social security and provident fund, promotions, attractive company policies and administration, praises and recognition, good working environment, flexible work schedule, Long service awards and benefits such as housing, Health insurance, Vacation/Annual leave benefits, transportation/bussing service, messing (provision of meals to employees only when at work), and educational benefits (for employees dependants). The study also revealed that the design and implementation of GSB/PL reward systems involves four distinct phases: assessment, design, execution and evaluation phases. In the end, a suitable conclusion was drawn and a number of recommendations proposed to be implemented by the mining company in safeguarding the interest of both employees and the employer.
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Newman, Janson. "QS Ranking Methodologies." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623345.
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Conferencia realizado el 19 de Abril de 2018 en las instslaciones de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), campus San Isidro. Lima Perú. Evento auspiciado por Universidad y FIPES.Conferencia acerca de la importancia de los rankings universitarios: caso QS World University Rankings.
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Keeler, Rebecca L., Aaron Wachhaus, Bob Cunningham, Tom Barth, Richard Huff, and Michael Howell-Maroney. "David Farmer: Methodologist?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/651.
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Gómez-Valent, Mònica. "Proposal for a new classification of orphan and/or rare conditions based on clinical characteristics that determine the applicability of different research methods to their study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405590.
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Antecedents: Les malalties rares són aquelles que afecten a un petit nombre de persones i tenen una prevalença particularment baixa en comparació amb la població general. Si bé individualment aquestes entitats són poc comuns, com a grup, són una important causa de malaltia crònica, discapacitat i de mort prematura en nens i adults. La Unió Europea considera que una malaltia és rara quan afecten a no més de 5 de cada 10.000 persones. Metodologies destinades a augmentar l'eficiència dels estudis clínics en poblacions petites han estat poc aplicades en el desenvolupament clínic de nous medicaments orfes. La manca de referències i guies pot explicar la reticència a utilitzar metodologies alternatives. Actualment l’existència d’una guia específica que engloba informació general és poc pràctica donat al gran nombre de condicions òrfenes existents. Un enfocament sistemàtic per a l'agrupació de condicions mèdiques en base als seus requeriments metodològics pot ser útil per permetre la generalització de recomanacions per tipus de condicions, en lloc de per condicions individuals.
Hipòtesi: Les condicions òrfeness es poden agrupar a través d'un enfocament sistemàtic en funció dels seus requeriments metodològics, i l'agrupació resultant pot esdevenir una eina eficaç per a establir recomanacions específiques per a l'estudi dels grups de condicions en lloc de per condicions individuals. Aquesta eina pot facilitar un enfocament més estructurat en el desenvolupament i la presa de decisions regulatòries.
Objectiu: Proposar una agrupació de condicions òrfenes en base als seus requeriments metodològics, amb l'objectiu de proporcionar una guia pel desenvolupament de nous tractaments i la presa de decisions regulatòries per a medicaments orfes.
Mètodes: S’ha identificat les característiques clíniques que poden ser rellevants en el disseny d’un estudi i en la presa de decisions de regulatòries per a medicaments orfes. S’ha seleccionat un nombre de condicions rares descrites en detall mitjançant aquestes característiques clíniques, i s’han emprat per a crear una base de dades que ha estat analitzada a través d’un Anàlisis de Correspondències Múltiples (MCA) per a identificar grups de condicions. Els grups de condicions obtinguts han estat refinats i validats des d'un punt de vista clínic i regulatori. La validació clínica va incloure una reunió amb especialistes clínics amb experiència reconeguda en el camp de les malalties òrfenes, per tal de conèixer la seva opinió envers la classificació proposada.
Resultats: Es proposen sis grups de condicions mèdiques que comparteixen aplicabilitat metodològica similar pel seu estudi: episodi agut únic, episodis aguts repetits, condició lenta / no progressiva, condició on intervé un òrgan o un sistema, progressiva multidimensional multi-orgànica i d’evolució per estadis. Un total de 125 indicacions mèdiques amb dictàmens favorables emesos per l'EMA per a medicament orfes han estat testats per a provar l'aplicabilitat de les inferències metodològiques derivades de cada grup. Les enquestes lliurades en la validació clínica als especialistes van concloure que l’aproximació proposada resulta útil per a guiar la decisió metodològica de la indústria, dels reguladors i també dels investigadors.
Conclusions: Es proposa una nova agrupació de condicions en base als seus requeriments metodològics com a guia pel desenvolupament de nous tractaments i per a la presa de decisions regulatòries envers als medicaments orfes.Background: Rare diseases are those that affect a small number of people and have a particularly low prevalence compared to the general population. While individually these entities are uncommon, as a group they are an important cause of chronic illness, disability and premature death in both children and adults. The European Union considers diseases to be rare when they affect not more than 5 in 10000 individuals. Methodologies aimed to increase efficiency of clinical studies in small populations have been only scarcely applied to the clinical development of new orphan medicinal products (OMP). The lack of references and guidance may explain reluctance to alternative methodologies, but specific guidance is impractical due to the huge number of existing orphan conditions. A systematic approach to grouping medical conditions based on their methodological requirements may be useful to allow generalisation of recommendations to type conditions, rather than to single disease models. Hypothesis: Orphan conditions can be grouped through a systematic approach based on their methodological requirements, and the resulting clustering can be an effective tool for establishing specific recommendations for the study of groups of conditions rather than for individual conditions, that would facilitate a more structured approach to regulatory development and decision making. Objective: To propose a clustering of medical conditions based on their methodological requirements, with the aim to provide a framework for guidance on treatment development and regulatory decision making on OMP. Methods: The characteristics of medical conditions which may be relevant to study design and regulatory decision making have been identified, and a number of sample conditions have been described in detail for these characteristics and used to produce a database that has been analysed through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to identify clusters of conditions. These have been refined and validated from a clinical and regulatory perspective which included a meeting with clinical specialists with recognised expertise in the field of orphan diseases, in order to know their opinion towards the proposed classification and to get insights on potential weaknesses of the approach. Results: Six groups of medical conditions are proposed which share applicability of similar methodologies to their study: single acute episode, repeated acute episodes, slow/non progressive, progressive led by one organ or system, progressive multidimensional multi-organ and staged condition. A total of 125 medical indications with positive opinions issued by the EMA on OMP applications have been clustered to test applicability of inferences. The methodological inferences to the different established clusters implied a first step of listing the variables that had a high discriminative value for each cluster, and a second step to make detailed descriptions of these determinants in relation to aspects required to define clinical study designs. This was done in order to test the validity of the proposed clusters to their main purpose as issuing common recommendations on product development for a given group of conditions. The results of the surveys given to members of the clinical board were collected and summarised. Clinicians agreed on the fact that current methods in clinical research have room for a more structured approach and that would help to the access to new treatments urgently needed, and considered it would be useful to guide methodological decision for industry and regulators, also to investigators and health technology assessment. Conclusions: A new clustering of conditions based on their methodological requirements is proposed as a framework for guidance on treatment development and regulatory decision making on OMP.
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Ullrich, Peter. "Moralischer Kompatibilismus : zur Methodologie der Metaethik /." Würzburg : Ergon, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016391778&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Öhrblad, Henrik, and Henrik Berglund. "Component Meshing Methodology." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10683.
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In order to achieve results that are reliable when using the finite element method one has to use an acceptable element mesh with respect to the shape and size of the elements. As a help to produce an acceptable mesh there are quality criteria that must be fulfilled in most pre-processors.
One objective with this thesis is to perform a sensitivity study that can be used as a basis for a Mesh guideline for chassis parts which is requested from engineers at Volvo 3P. The software used in the sensitivity study is ANSA as pre-processor, Nastran as solver and Metapost as post-processor.
In the first part of the sensitivity study three different models are used for studying quality criteria such as aspect ratio, skewness, mid point alignment, mid point deviation and element size. Solid elements of second order, which are used in the three models, can be generated in two ways, which constitutes another part of the sensitivity study. They may either be generated from the beginning or can be converted from first order elements. This means geometrically that if second order elements where generated from the beginning the element mesh would follow the shape of the component in a better way compared to the other method.
Recently a pre- and post-processing program called SimLab was introduced on the market. Since SimLab supports geometry import from several CAD-systems without loss of feature information, the automatic element mesh generation is supposed to be better as the mesh generator has access to more information concerning the geometry. An evaluation of SimLab is the second major objective of the thesis. More specifically, the evaluation concerns the possibility of using the software at Volvo 3P.
Results show a surprising insensitivity regarding the criteria and that the method of generating second order elements from the beginning is to be preferred. SimLab is a new program with big potential and the conclusion is that it is possible to use it at Volvo 3P.
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Thomas, Emmanuelle Maitrise de Chimie. "Electrophilic fluorination methodology." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4151/.
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Chapter One This chapter reviews the historical background of the fluorination using both elemental fluorine and N-F reagents. It relates the properties and preparations of these electrophilic reagents. And finally it discusses the use of these reagents in selective electrophilic fluorination (formation of C-F bond from C-H bond) of organic compounds. Chapter Two, Three and Four These chapters present our investigations into the fluorination of hydrocarbon systems containing an electron withdrawing group (ewg).Chapter Two shows the difference in reactivity of elemental fluorine and Selectfluor(^TM) towards aldehydes and ketones. Select fluor gives rise to a-fluorinated compound when reacting with ketones (acyclic and cyclic ones) whereas different results were observed using fluorine. In Chapter Three aldehydes are submitted to fluorination which occurred at the carbonyl and not on the chain. Finally, Chapter Four review the fluorination of nitriles using both fluorinating reagents. Chapter Five In this last Chapter we explore the fluorination of cyclic ethers (hydrocarbon systems containing an electron donating group) using both elemental fluorine and Selectfluor(^TM). Unexpected derivatives were identified. Chanter Six to Nine Experimental details relating to Chapter Two-Five.
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Bailey, J. B. "Law teaching methodology." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355850.
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Mhar, Javeed I. "VLSI design methodology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11855.
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The development of FIRST was a significant step in the field of silicon compilation. With FIRST, bit-serial signal processing systems could be rapidly implemented in silicon by high-level designers without requiring layout expertise. This thesis explores extensions to the compiler, but the methodology and techniques are not specific to FIRST and could be used in the more general VLSI arena. One major theme is the use of process independent layout, allowing the rapid update of a cell library to current state of the art process rules. After surveying other layout strategies, one particular layout style, gate matrix, was evaluated through the manual layout of a bit-serial, two's complement, multiplier utilising novel architectural features. The operation and architectural features of the multiplier are described, as these features were to be incorporated as options in newly generated cell libraries. SECOND, a full span silicon compiler; taking the high-level input description of FIRST but synthesizing layout to a process independent form (gate matrix) was developed using ideas gained from the manual assembly procedure. SECOND maintains and extends the hierarchy of FIRST using different assembly strategies for differing levels of hierarchy in the synthesis procedure. The hierarchy is described and the placement, routing and assembly procedures of the new elements of the hierarchy are covered. The automation tools used to generate the gate matrix layout of the lowest hierarchy level of SECOND are covered in a separate chapter. Using the same concepts of hierarchy, a tool ENGEN which transforms FIRST intermediate code to a gate level network description in HILO is also described as an alternative to SECOND in the search for process independence. The thesis ends with a suggestion of a bit-serial/bit-parallel frame for encouraging the acceptability of bit-serial systems.
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Dietrich, Jens. "Nutzung von Modellierungssprachen und -methodologien standardisierter B2B-Architekturen für die Integration unternehmensinterner Geschäftsprozesse : Evaluierung des Einsatzes der UN/CEFACT Modeling Methodology (UMM) bei einer deutschen Kapitalanlagegesellschaft /." Berlin : GITO-Verl, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3062793&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Dietrich, Jens. "Nutzung von Modellierungssprachen und -methodologien standardisierter B2B-Architekturen für die Integration unternehmensinterner Geschäftsprozesse Evaluierung des Einsatzes der UN/CEFACT Modeling Methodology (UMM) bei einer deutschen Kapitalanlagegesellschaft." Berlin GITO-Verl, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3062793&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Lin, Cheng C. "On the combination of operational research methodology and soft systems methodology." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304427.
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