Academic literature on the topic 'Méthodes RMN/IRM'
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Journal articles on the topic "Méthodes RMN/IRM":
El Bettioui, Rachid, Abdelkhalil Haidane, Lhassane Jaouhari, and Samir Mirdasse. "Digitalisation pédagogique et défis de l’enseignement à distance." revistamultidisciplinar.com 4, no. 1 (2022): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23882/rmd.22083.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Méthodes RMN/IRM":
Kocevar, Gabriel. "Développement de méthodes d’IRM avancées pour l’étude longitudinale de la Sclérose en Plaques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1057/document.
While conventional MRI is the reference tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of MS, it remains only moderately correlated with the patient’s clinical status. In order to better characterize pathological alterations occurring in MS, we use in this work non-conventional MRI techniques, namely magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion MRI.A first weekly follow-up revealed the sensitivity of the diffusion metrics and the specificity of the SRM to detect the initial processes of lesion formation.A second follow-up revealed changes in diffusivity in several white matter fiber bundles, including a decrease in fraction of anisotropy and an increase in radial diffusivity, worsening with advancing disease and more marked in the progressive forms.Finally, the application of graph theory allowed to characterize the brain connectivity in the four clinical forms and to study their evolution. This study allowed us to highlight alterations in all the four clinical phenotypes, including a decrease in the cerebral network density, more marked in the progressive forms of the disease and tending to increase with its progression.This work shows the sensitivity of advanced MRI techniques for the characterization of pathological alterations and their evolution in MS
Klein, Mathieu. "Développement de méthodes RMN/IRM dédiées à l'étude des phénomènes de transport dans les piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0274/document.
This work focuses on the development of MRI/NMR methods dedicated to the characterization of water transport properties in a polymer membrane used in PEMFC. Radiofrequency coils are used to (1) study water self-diffusion coefficient in uniaxially stretched membranes and (2) spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the water distribution through the membrane. These measurements provide information about the influence of the polymer structure on water transport properties and also on real-time water distribution through the membrane in various humidity conditions. The water diffusion anisotropy is intimately linked to the structural order of the polymer. The steady-state and transient profiles of water content through the membrane indicate that mass transfer is limited by the interfacial resistances and mainly by the polymer relaxation during sorption
Guerroudj, Feryal. "Dispositifs et méthodes RMN pour la caractérisation des écoulements et des transferts en milli-canaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0273.
Our study aims to implement, with a low-cost methodology, specific devices to study flows and transfer phenomena in milli-fluidic systems and to optimize NMR/MRI methods for their characterization.Two milli-fluidic applications have been developed. The first one consists in the study of the flow regime and hydrodynamic instabilities occurring in micromixers. The second one in the study of the growth of a biofilm in a capillary of submillimeter dimensions and the characterization of the hydrodynamics of the flow in presence of this biofilm. For each application, a specific device was set up, including the milli-fluidic system and the radio frequency (RF) coil adapted to the geometry and dimensions of the system. The milli-coils were fabricated by etching on flexible copper/Kapton® substrates. With the considered geometrical parameters, RF simulations have shown that milli-coils produce an intense and homogeneous field and MRI measurements demonstrate an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio compared to the commercial MicWB40 probe, which allows the detailed analysis of the above mentioned milli-fluidics phenomena
Michelotti, Alessia. "Développement de méthodes synthétiques pour le marquage au carbone-13 et deutérium de molécules endogènes pour des applications en DNP-IRM et RMN." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV032.
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging (13C-MRI) is a promising emerging tool to follow the metabolic routes in vivo in view of early stage detection of cancer. Optimization of the sensitivity of the MRI measurement requires injection of carbon-13 or deuterium labelled endogenous molecules. In this context, sodium L-[1-13C,U-D] lactate was individuated as a promising probe for the detection and prediction of treatment-response in patients with prostate cancer. We realized the first chemical synthesis of such probe starting from L-[1-13C] alanine by developing two distinct strategies for the selective deuteration of the position C2 and C3. The method of C2 deuteration relies on the technique of the metal-catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange and can be applied to the synthesis of several deuterated amino-acids to an industrial-scale. The method of C3 deuteration was realised by Pd(OAc)2 catalyzed C-H activation. It provides a unique route to obtain amino-acids selectively deuterated in position C3. We also developed a robust route for the 13C labelling of the C1 position of L-alanine from acetaldehyde and K13CN by a modification of the Strecker’s synthesis. By using deuterated acetaldehyde, a scalable synthesis of L-[1-13C,U-D] lactate could now be possible
Roussel, Tangi. "Développements de méthodes de traitement et d’acquisition du signal pour la Spectroscopie de Résonance Magnétique 2D in vivo." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10114/document.
In vivo proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for metabolicprofiling because this technique is non-invasive and quantitative. However,conventional localized spectroscopy presents important in vivo metabolic informationthrough overlapped spectral signatures greatly affecting the quantification accuracy.Two-dimensional (2D) MRS, originally developed for analytical chemistry,has great potential to unambiguously distinguish metabolites. Therefore, metabolitequantification is improved allowing accurate estimation of their concentrations. Inthis thesis, the research findings are presented under two main headings. The firstline of research focuses on conventional 2D MRS J-resolved. A J-PRESS sequencewas developed allowing the acquisition of in vivo 2D MRS spectra, which were processedby a dedicated quantification method. Experiments were performed on therat brain using a 7 T imaging system and different sampling strategies were evaluated.The quantification method, specifically developed to handle 2D J-resolved MRSdata quantification in time domain, is based on a strong prior-knowledge. However,2D MRS suffers from long acquisition times due to the collection of numerous incrementsin the indirect dimension. Therefore, the second line of research focuseson the reduction of acquisition time using recently developed methods based on theultrafast NMR concept. A new pulse sequence was designed, allowing 3D localizedultrafast 2D J-resolved spectroscopic acquisition on a 7T small animal imaging system. This breakthrough allows the acquisition of a complete 2D spectrum in a singlescan, resulting in acquisition times of a few seconds
Leporq, Benjamin. "Hépatopathies chroniques : méthodes de quantification en IRM à 1,5 T et 3,0 T pour le diagnostic et le suivi." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10279.
Liver fibrosis is the main complication of chronic liver diseases, and cirrhosis, corresponding to the end-stage of fibrosis, is an important cause of morbi-mortality. The incidence increase of diabetes, metabolism disorders and obesity involve an increase of NAFLD which became the first cause of chronic liver disease in western countries. Since liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases, inherent risks, intra- and inter-observer variability associated to an important cost motivate a clinical need to develop non-invasive methods for chronic liver disease assessment. Thus, the aim of this PhD thesis was to develop a method allowing the quantification of fat liver content and liver fibrosis using MRI at 1.5 and 3.0 T. For liver fibrosis quantification a method allowing liver perfusion parameters mapping using a MR dynamic contrast enhanced method was developed at 1.5 T. Then, in order to use a multi-parametric approach, a protocol allowing intra-voxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) was optimized at 3.0T. The aim was to combine liver perfusion imaging and IVIM. Regarding liver fat content quantification, a method including a correction of relaxation time effects using a disjointed estimation of T1 and T2* relaxation times of fat and water, accounting for the NMR spectrum of fat and resolving the dominant component ambiguity problem was developed. Liver perfusion parameters, in particularly portal perfusion and hepatic perfusion index were found relevant to make the distinction between no fibrosis, non-advanced fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. About liver fat content quantification, fat volume fraction (FVF) given by our method allowed to quantify liver fat content accurately without cofounding factor-related bias. Moreover, FVF allowed diagnosing histological grade of steatosis with an excellent sensitivity/specificity. Combination of liver perfusion imaging and IVIM is actually under evaluation through the HEPATOMAP study using all the methodology developed through this PhD thesis. Preliminary results of this study have shown that the combination of information acquired with both the fat quantification and IVIM methods could allow distinction between NAFLD and NASH
Toussaint, Grégoire. "Apport des écoulements secondaires et pulsés et de la vélocimétrie IRM à la filtration de fluides biologiques." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1310.