Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthodes récursives'
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Nespoulous, Eric. "Méthodes de détection et d'exploitation des propriétés de symétries sur les CSP entiers." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS052.
Full textRiondet, Philippe. "Optimisation de la résolution des équations de dispersion : application au calcul des discontinuités." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ESAE0024.
Full textLu, Wei. "Μéthοdes stοchastiques du secοnd οrdre pοur le traitement séquentiel de dοnnées massives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR13.
Full textWith the rapid development of technologies and the acquisition of big data, methods capable of processing data sequentially (online) have become indispensable. Among these methods, stochastic gradient algorithms have been established for estimating the minimizer of a function expressed as the expectation of a random function. Although they have become essential, these algorithms encounter difficulties when the problem is ill-conditioned. In this thesis, we focus on second-order stochastic algorithms, such as those of the Newton type, and their applications to various statistical and optimization problems. After establishing theoretical foundations and exposing the motivations that lead us to explore stochastic Newton algorithms, we develop the various contributions of this thesis. The first contribution concerns the study and development of stochastic Newton algorithms for ridge linear regression and ridge logistic regression. These algorithms are based on the Riccati formula (Sherman-Morrison) to recursively estimate the inverse of the Hessian. As the acquisition of big data is generally accompanied by a contamination of the latter, in a second contribution, we focus on the online estimation of the geometric median, which is a robust indicator, i.e., not very sensitive to the presence of atypical data. More specifically, we propose a new stochastic Newton estimator to estimate the geometric median. In the first two contributions, the estimators of the Hessians' inverses are constructed using the Riccati formula, but this is only possible for certain functions. Thus, our third contribution introduces a new Robbins-Monro type method for online estimation of the Hessian's inverse, allowing us then to develop universal stochastic Newton algorithms. Finally, our last contribution focuses on Full Adagrad type algorithms, where the difficulty lies in the fact that there is an adaptive step based on the square root of the inverse of the gradient's covariance. We thus propose a Robbins-Monro type algorithm to estimate this matrix, allowing us to propose a recursive approach for Full AdaGrad and its streaming version, with reduced computational costs. For all the new estimators we propose, we establish their convergence rates as well as their asymptotic efficiency. Moreover, we illustrate the efficiency of these algorithms using numerical simulations and by applying them to real data
Kouchnarenko, Olga. "Sémantique des programmes récursifs-parallèles et méthodes pour leur analyse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004949.
Full textMercère, Guillaume. "Contribution à l'identification récursive des systèmes par l'approche des sous-espaces." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007958.
Full textAmbellouis, Sébastien. "Analyse du mouvement dans les séquences d'images par une méthode récursive de filtrage spatio-temporel sélectif." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-77-78.pdf.
Full textPadilla, Arturo. "Identification récursive de systèmes continus à paramètres variables dans le temps." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0119.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the identification of dynamic systems represented through continuous-time linear models with slowly time-varying parameters. The complexity of the identification problem comes on the one hand from the unknown character of the parameter variations and on the other hand from the presence of noises of unknown nature on the measured signals. The proposed solutions rely on a judicious combination of the Kalman filter assuming that the variations of the parameters can be represented in the form of a random walk, and the method of the instrumental variable which has the advantage of being robust with respect to the nature of the measurement noises. The recursive algorithms are developed in an open-loop and closed-loop identification setting. The different variants are distinguished by the way in which the instrumental variable is built. Inspired by the solution developed for time-invariant linear systems, an adaptive construction of the instrumental variable is suggested in order to be able to follow the evolution of the parameters as well as possible. The performance of the developed methods are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations and show the supremacy of the proposed solutions based on the instrumental variable compared with the more classical least squares based approaches. The practical aspects and implementation issues are of paramount importance to obtain a good performance when these estimators are used. These aspects are studied in detail and several solutions are proposed not only to robustify the estimators with respect to the choice of hyperparameters but also with respect to their numerical implementation. The algorithms developed have enhanced the functions of the CONTSID toolbox for Matlab. Finally, the developed estimators are considered in order to track parameters of two physical systems: a benchmark available in the literature consisting of a bandpass electronic filter and a throttle valve equipping the car engines. Both applications show the potential of the proposed approaches to track physical parameters that vary slowly over time
Padilla, Arturo. "Identification récursive de systèmes continus à paramètres variables dans le temps." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0119/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the identification of dynamic systems represented through continuous-time linear models with slowly time-varying parameters. The complexity of the identification problem comes on the one hand from the unknown character of the parameter variations and on the other hand from the presence of noises of unknown nature on the measured signals. The proposed solutions rely on a judicious combination of the Kalman filter assuming that the variations of the parameters can be represented in the form of a random walk, and the method of the instrumental variable which has the advantage of being robust with respect to the nature of the measurement noises. The recursive algorithms are developed in an open-loop and closed-loop identification setting. The different variants are distinguished by the way in which the instrumental variable is built. Inspired by the solution developed for time-invariant linear systems, an adaptive construction of the instrumental variable is suggested in order to be able to follow the evolution of the parameters as well as possible. The performance of the developed methods are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations and show the supremacy of the proposed solutions based on the instrumental variable compared with the more classical least squares based approaches. The practical aspects and implementation issues are of paramount importance to obtain a good performance when these estimators are used. These aspects are studied in detail and several solutions are proposed not only to robustify the estimators with respect to the choice of hyperparameters but also with respect to their numerical implementation. The algorithms developed have enhanced the functions of the CONTSID toolbox for Matlab. Finally, the developed estimators are considered in order to track parameters of two physical systems: a benchmark available in the literature consisting of a bandpass electronic filter and a throttle valve equipping the car engines. Both applications show the potential of the proposed approaches to track physical parameters that vary slowly over time
Heitz, Thomas. "Une méthode pour le prétraitement des textes : dépendances entre traitements et leur intelligibilité." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112074.
Full textThis work deals with knowledge discovery in texts whose main applications are information retrieval using a search engine, communication filtering using an e-mail client and knowledge management using methods of knowledge engineering. We justify, define, illustrate and evaluate two new complementary extensions for text mining chains intended to save time and improve quality. These extensions apply to all the chain links and take into account the global chain and no more only one link in particular since the field is now sufficiently mature. On the one hand, one can improve the text mining chain while modeling locally and globally the information exchanges which take place. The objective is to optimize the dependencies between the various treatments in order to transmit the results between treatments among which those intractable but not those irretrievable. To reach it, we introduce recursive and mutually recursive dependent treatments. On the other hand, one can improve the text mining chain while taking into account that the majority of data are raw, without initial annotations. The objective is thus to make more controllable the training algorithms at the time of the training. To reach it, we introduce the user guided learning which consists in combining the stages of annotation and training by making coevolve the annotations, the learned model and knowledge from the user
Khereddine, Rafik. "Méthode adaptative de contrôle logique et de test de circuits AMS/FR." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647169.
Full textKhereddine, R. "Méthode adaptative de contrôle logique et de test de circuits AMS/RF." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656920.
Full textDehay, Guy. "Application des moindres carrés récursifs à l'estimation en temps réel des paramètres de la machine asynchrone." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP9425.
Full textBenmansour, Fethallah. "Méthode des chemins minimaux appliquée à l'imagerie médicale : Segmentation de structures tubulaires et de surfaces par anisotropie multi-échelle et par détection récursive de points clés." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090034.
Full textIn this thesis, we used and adapted the minimal path method to segment tubular structures in medical images, and to extract closed surfaces from biomedical images. The minimal path method has been introduced in order to minimize globally the geodesic active contour functional. In the first part of the manuscript, we recall the active contour models and their variants, and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Then, we focus on the theoretical and numerical aspects of the minimal path method both in the classical isotropic case and the Riemannian anisotropic case. Also, we illustrate the importance of the metric and show how one can tune its parameters in order to overcome the shortcut issue. In the second part, we are interested in segmenting tubular structures. We propose a novel minimal path model that takes into account the vessel width and direction. We have chosen to exploit the tubular structure of the vessels one wants to extract to build an anisotropic metric giving higher speed on the center of the vessels and also when the minimal path tangent is coherent with the vessel’s direction. In the third part, the problem of surface extraction from 3D images is addressed. First, we introduce a front propagation approach to detect recursively keypoints on an object of interest. Then, we propose a method to extract a patch of surface from a single source point. In order to obtain a complete surface, this approach is iterated. Finally, we propose a global approach that takes benefit of the interfaces surrounding the object
Cai, Jiatu. "Méthodes asymptotiques en contrôle stochastique et applications à la finance." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC338.
Full textIn this thesis, we study several mathematical finance problems related to the presence of market imperfections. Our main approach for solving them is to establish a relevant asymptotic framework in which explicit approximate solutions can be obtained for the associated control problems. In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in the pricing and hedging of European options. We first consider the question of determining the optimal rebalancing dates for a replicating portfolio in the presence of a drift in the underlying dynamics. We show that in this situation, it is possible to generate positive returns while hedging the option and describe a rebalancing strategy which is asymptotically optimal for a mean-variance type criterion. Then we propose an asymptotic framework for options risk management under proportional transaction costs. Inspired by Leland’s approach, we develop an alternative way to build hedging portfolios enabling us to minimize hedging errors. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to the issue of tracking a stochastic target. The agent aims at staying close to the target while minimizing tracking efforts. In a small costs asymptotics, we establish a lower bound for the value function associated to this optimization problem. This bound is interpreted in term of ergodic control of Brownian motion. We also provide numerous examples for which the lower bound is explicit and attained by a strategy that we describe. In the last part of this thesis, we focus on the problem of consumption-investment with capital gains taxes. We first obtain an asymptotic expansion for the associated value function that we interpret in a probabilistic way. Then, in the case of a market with regime-switching and for an investor with recursive utility of Epstein-Zin type, we solve the problem explicitly by providing a closed-form consumption-investment strategy. Finally, we study the joint impact of transaction costs and capital gains taxes. We provide a system of corrector equations which enables us to unify the results in [ST13] and [CD13]
Gilquin, Laurent. "Échantillonnages Monte Carlo et quasi-Monte Carlo pour l'estimation des indices de Sobol' : application à un modèle transport-urbanisme." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM042/document.
Full textLand Use and Transportation Integrated (LUTI) models have become a norm for representing the interactions between land use and the transportation of goods and people in a territory. These models are mainly used to evaluate alternative planning scenarios, simulating their impact on land cover and travel demand.LUTI models and other mathematical models used in various fields are most of the time based on complex computer codes. These codes often involve poorly-known inputs whose uncertainty can have significant effects on the model outputs.Global sensitivity analysis methods are useful tools to study the influence of the model inputs on its outputs. Among the large number of available approaches, the variance based method introduced by Sobol' allows to calculate sensitivity indices called Sobol' indices. These indices quantify the influence of each model input on the outputs and can detect existing interactions between inputs.In this framework, we favor a particular method based on replicated designs of experiments called replication method. This method appears to be the most suitable for our application and is advantageous as it requires a relatively small number of model evaluations to estimate first-order or second-order Sobol' indices.This thesis focuses on extensions of the replication method to face constraints arising in our application on the LUTI model Tranus, such as the presence of dependency among the model inputs, as far as multivariate outputs.Aside from that, we propose a recursive approach to sequentially estimate Sobol' indices. The recursive approach is based on the iterative construction of stratified designs, latin hypercubes and orthogonal arrays, and on the definition of a new stopping criterion. With this approach, more accurate Sobol' estimates are obtained while recycling previous sets of model evaluations. We also propose to combine such an approach with quasi-Monte Carlo sampling.An application of our contributions on the LUTI model Tranus is presented
El, Hannaoui Mohammed. "Étude par la méthode des liaisons fortes de la structure électronique des "chimney-ladder" et celle des défauts ponctuels dans le disiliciure de fer." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL148N.
Full textBousghiri, Souad. "Diagnostic de fonctionnement des procédés continus par réconciliation d'état généralisé : application à la détection de pannes de capteurs et d'actionneurs." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10396.
Full textMechhoud, Sarah. "Estimation de la diffusion thermique et du terme source du modèle de transport de la chaleur dans les plasmas de tokamaks." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954183.
Full textSafeea, Mohammad. "Des robots manipulateurs collaboratifs sûrs." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE036.
Full textCollaborative industrial manipulators are ushering a new era in flexible manufacturing, where robots and humans are allowed to coexist and work side by side. However, various challenges still persist in achieving full human robot collaboration on the factory floor. In this thesis two main challenges - safety and collaboration - for achieving that goal are addressed. On safety, the thesis presents a real-time collision avoidance method which allows the robot to adjust the offline generated paths of the industrial task in real-time for avoiding collisions with humans nearby. In addition, the thesis presented a new method for performing the reactive collision avoidance motion using second order Newton method which offers various advantages over the traditional methods in the literature. On collaboration, the thesis presents the precision hand-guiding as an alternative to the teach-pendant for performing precise positioning operations of the robot’s end-effector in a simple and intuitive manner. The thesis also presents new contributions into the mathematical formulation of robot dynamics, including a recursive algorithm for calculating the mass matrix of serially linked robots with a minimal second order cost, and a recursive algorithm for calculating Christoffel symbols efficiently. All the presented algorithms are validated either in simulation or in a real-world scenario