Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthodes de particules lagrangiennes'
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Jenkinson, William. "Simulation de la mécanique mésoscopique des aliments par méthodes de particules lagrangiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB047.
Full textThe role of mesoscopic mechanics in food processing and design is not well understood, particularly for oral processing and texture perception. Despite the recognized importance of soft matter, the food science community has struggled to bridge the gap between micro-, meso-, and macro-scale behaviours using simulations. This thesis addresses this challenge by focusing on mechanical simulations, excluding thermal, chemical and physicochemical effects, to explore food behaviour at the mesoscopic scale. We have developed a simulation framework within the LAMMPS environment, combining smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) implementations for liquids and elastic solids. We validated the framework across scenarios such as Couette flow and deformation of granules in a flow. The results show the framework's effectiveness in capturing food structure dynamics and interactions with cilia and papillae and offer new insights into texture perception and hydrodynamics. The study also highlights how granule elasticity and volume fraction impact flow properties and their eventual role in texture perception. This work focuses on mechanics while deliberately remaining flexible enough to integrate mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological processes in future food science models. Proposed future research includes strategies to integrate more physics and scales and efforts to improve the accessibility of simulation tools for engineers, advancing practical applications in food science
Chéron, Victor. "Couplage de la méthode de capture d'interface et de particules lagrangiennes pour la simulation de l'atomisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR097.
Full textThe study of the liquid jet’s atomization consisting of two immiscible phases is a fundamental research subject. The main motivations linked to the study of these phenomena are the numerous applications resulting from them. For example, in the study of the propagation of a spray within a combustion chamber or for pharmaceutical applications. Their study is carried out by a theoretical, experimental and numerical approach. Each of these techniques faces its own limitations: in the numerical study, the treatment of the droplets resulting from the jet break is a limiting factor due to the size ratio introduced. This thesis manuscript presents the coupling between an Eulerian interface treatment method and a Lagrangian particle transport method, proposing a multi-scale approach to atomization. The numerical solver Archer is used to transport a two-phase flow and to study its evolution, solving the incompressible Navier Stokes equations. The interface separating the two phases is represented by a method combining precision and robustness, the Volume of Fluid/Level-Set coupling. The discretization of the Navier Stokes equations and the transport of the interface is presented in the first part of this manuscript. This introduces the weaknesses of this method due to the multi-scale aspect of the atomized jets: the low precision of the transport of the drops resulting from the secondary atomization. The second section of this manuscript is dedicated to the introduction of Lagrangian drop transport, different approaches are implemented and validated within the computational code Archer. Then, the coupling between the Eulerien and Lagrangian solver, validated from numerical experiments, is introduced. The latter aim to present the methodology implemented to validate the coupling while respecting the conservation of time and mass. This method is then applied to academic cases to introduce the parameterization allowing the junction between the Eulerien and Lagrangien solvers. Finally, the developed method is applied to the study of an atomized jet of crossflow configuration, used in gas turbine or ramjet. The results obtained demonstrate the possibilities related to the Eulerien/Lagrangien coupling, both on the physical and numerical aspects, opening up a model of drop breakup under Lagrangien transport
Chauvin, Corine. "Influence des forces d'interactions particulaires dans la simulation lagrangienne du comportement de particules en sédimentation et écoulements turbulents." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUE5037.
Full textPham, Thi Trang Nhung. "Méthodes numériques pour l'équation de Vlasov réduite." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD051/document.
Full textMany numerical methods have been developed in order to selve the Vlasov equation, because computing precise simulations in a reasonable time is a real challenge. This equation describes the time evolution of the distribution function of charged particles (electrons/ions), which depends on 3 variables in space, 3 in velocity and time. The main idea of this thesis is to rewrite the Vlasov equation in the form of a hyperbolic system using a semi-discretization of the velocity. This semi-discretization is achieved using the finite element method. The resulting model is called the reduced Vlasov equation. We propose different numerical methods to salve this new model efficiently: finite volume methods, semi-Lagrangian methods and discontinuous Galerkin methods
Maftei, Radu. "Analyse stochastique pour la simulation de particules lagrangiennes : application aux collisions de particules colloïdes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4130/document.
Full textThis thesis broadly concerns colloidal particle simulation which plays an important role in understanding two-phase flows. More specifically, we track the particles inside a turbulent flow and model their dynamics as a stochastic process, their interactions as perfectly elastic collisions where the influence of the flow is modelled by a drift on the velocity term. By coupling each particle and considering their relative position and velocity, the perfectly elastic collision becomes a specular reflection condition. We put forward a time discretisation scheme for the resulting Lagrange system with specular boundary conditions and prove that the convergence rate of the weak error decreases at most linearly in the time discretisation step. The evidence is based on regularity results of the Feynman-Kac PDE and requires some regularity on the drift. We numerically experiment a series of conjectures, amongst which the weak error linearly decreasing for drifts that do not comply with the theorem conditions. We test the weak error convergence rate for a Richardson Romberg extrapolation. We finally deal with Lagrangian/Brownian approximations by considering a Lagrangian system where the velocity component behaves as a fast process. We control the weak error between the position of the Lagrangian system and an appropriately chosen uniformly elliptic diffusion process and subsequently prove a similar control by introducing a specular reflecting boundary on the Lagrangian and an appropriate reflection on the elliptic diffusion
Lefrançois, Julie. "Optimisation du rendement d'une turbine multi-ailes à l'aide d'une méthode lagrangienne par particules vortex." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25539/25539.pdf.
Full textSakiz, Marc. "Simulation numérique lagrangienne et modélisation eulérienne d'écoulements diphasiques gaz-particules en canal vertical." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPC9925.
Full textBenabdallah, Moulay. "Simulation lagrangienne du transfert de chaleur dans un écoulement gaz-solide en conduite." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10329.
Full textLoubère, Raphaël. "Contribution au domaine des méthodes numériques Lagrangiennes et Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949809.
Full textBerchet, Adrien. "Modélisation par des méthodes lagrangiennes du transport sédimentaire induit par les mascarets." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2319/document.
Full textThe work performed during this thesis is a part of the Mascaret ANR project, which aims to understand the phenomenon of tidal bore, the study of its impact on the environment and its sensitivity to changes in that environment. The contribution of this thesis lies solely in the numerical part of this project. Only the sediment transport caused by the tidal bore is discussed. The goal is to build a generic numerical model of sediment transport which can therefore be applied to the specific case of tidal bores. Three methods are explored, a first for individual tracking of sediment grains and two to model the concentration of grains in the flow. The first method considers the smallest scales and will be called tracking method and consists of individual tracking of sediment grains. The second method, called particle method, focuses on larger scales and the transport of local concentration of sedimentary grains. The third method, which we call moments method, will focus on the largest scales, carrying a cloud of sediment grains as a whole using a single numerical particle characterized by the moments of its internal concentration distribution. This will characterize the local sediment transport process occurring during the passage of a tidal bore. Two undulating bores will be studied whose Froude numbers are close. It will be shown in particular that the Froude number is not a criterion to deduce the intensity of the induced tidal bores sediment transport
Pialat, Xavier. "Développement d'une méthode hybride eulérienne-lagrangienne pour la modélisation numérique de la phase particulaire dans les écoulements turbulents gaz-particules." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure de l'aeronautique et de l'espace, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00224819.
Full textLa modélisation numérique de tels écoulements offre en conséquence un large panel de modèles. La prédiction de la phase dispersée est ainsi effectuée dans le formalisme lagrangien ou dans le formalisme eulérien.
Il n'existe pourtant pas actuellement d'outil numérique permettant d'obtenir une résolution à moindre coût de l'écoulement (de l'ordre du coût d'une résolution eulérienne) tout en conservant une prédiction précise
dans toutes les zones de l'écoulement (comme le font les approches lagrangiennes suffisamment résolues).
Une méthode élégante pour résoudre ce type de problèmes réside dans l'utilisation d'une méthode hybride
couplant des approches issues de formalismes différents.
Ce travail vise donc à développer une méthode hybride eulérienne-lagrangienne pour la modélisation numérique de la phase dispersée dans les écoulements turbulents gaz-particules. A cette fin, le domaine spatial de l'écoulement est décomposé en sous-domaines dans lesquels une seule des deux approches est utilisée. Les deux approches couplées ont en commun la description en termes statistiques de la phase dispersée, effectuée à l'aide d'une fonction densité de probabilité (pdf) jointe fluide-particule. La première repose sur une discrétisation directe de l'équation d'évolution de la pdf à l'aide d'une méthode particulaire stochastique. La deuxième est basée sur la résolution des équations eulériennes des moments déduites de l'équation de la pdf (densité, vitesse moyenne et contraintes cinétiques particulaires . . . ), fermées à l'aide d'hypothèses supplémentaires, et discrétisées par volumes-finis.
Le couplage des deux approches est basé sur la description cinétique des flux de moments au travers des interfaces entre sous-domaines, permettant la mise en place de conditions aux limites bien posées. La condition à la limite de couplage concernant le lagrangien est spécifiée par la distribution des vitesses (ou pdf) des particules entrantes dans le domaine lagrangien. Cette pdf est déduite d'informations provenant à la fois des calculs lagrangien et eulérien de l'itération de couplage précédente. Cette pdf est alors simulée par une méthode statistique dite de réjection, permettant ainsi d'imposer les caractéristiques entrantes au domaine lagrangien. Les conditions aux limites imposées au domaine eulérien peuvent être de type Dirichlet (calcul lagrangien des moments à imposer) ou de type flux (décomposition des flux en une partie donnée par les particules sortantes du domaine lagrangien, l'autre par le calcul eulérien précédent).
Les deux approches, ainsi que les méthodes de couplage, sont codées en FORTRAN90, permettant une validation dans des configurations d'écoulements homogènes (écoulements cisaillés homogènes) et inhomogènes (écoulement de canal plan ascendant) par comparaison avec des résultats d'expériences numériques. La méthode hybride est ainsi appliquée dans des situations fortement déséquilibrée (canal plan) pour lesquelles l'approche eulérienne ne permet une prédiction adéquate de l'écoulement. L'utilisation de la méthode hybride améliore sensiblement cette prédiction et démontre ainsi la faisabilité et l'intérêt d'une telle méthode.
Hoenen, Olivier. "Parallélisation de méthodes adaptatives semi-Lagrangiennes pour la résolution de l'équation de Vlasov." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13078.
Full textUnderstanding phenomena in plasma physics is an important research area which is associated with several international projects. When numerical simulation of these phenomena is performed by using the kinetic model, charged particles evolution is given by the Vlasov equation. It is a partial differential equation that lies in phase space, which is a 6 dimensional space in the real case. Thus, the numerical resolution of such an equation represents a huge amount of data and computations. In this thesis, we are interested in the efficient implementation of numerical methods based on adaptative meshes. More precisely, we are concerned about their parallelization for distributed memory architectures. We have developped a first parallel solver which uses some highly adaptive mechanisms. We have shown that the overhead of such a solver is associated with the mesh adaptation mechanism and with non predictable communications. Then we have used another mesh adaptation mechanism in order to propose a new block-based solver. For the parallelization of this second solver, priority is given to regularization of both data structure and communications. We have used communication overlapping with computations and dynamic load balancing to make this adaptive solver efficient for a 4 dimensional phase space. Currently, such results were acheived only on shared memory architectures
Cherfils, Catherine. "Approximation numérique des écoulements compressibles par des méthodes lagrangiennes sur des maillages non structurés." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066142.
Full textSzewc, Kamil. "Développement d'une approche particulaire de type SPH pour la modélisation des écoulements multiphasiques avec interfaces variables." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0328/document.
Full textSmoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a fully Lagrangian, particle based approach for fluid-flow simulations. One of its advantages over Eulerian techniques is no need of a numerical grid. Therefore, there is no necessity to handle the interface shape as it is done in Volume-of-Fluid, Lavel-Set or Front-Tracking methods. Thus, the SPH approach is increasingly used for hydro-engineering and geophysical applications involving free-surface flows where the natural treatment of evolving interfaces makes it an attractive method. However, for real-life multi-phase simulations this method has only started to be considered and many problems like a proper formulation or a spurious fragmentation of the interface remain to be solved. One of the aims of this work is to critically analyse the existing SPH variants and assess their suitability for complex multi-phase problems. For modelling the surface-tension phenomena the Continuum Surface Force (CSF) methods are validated and used. The natural convection phenomena are modeled using a new, more general formulation, beyond the Boussinesq approximation. A substantial part of the work is devoted to the problem of a spurious fragmentation of the interface (the micro-mixing of SPH particles). Its negative effects and possible remedies are extensively discussed and a new variant is proposed. Contrary to general opinion, it is proven that the micro-mixing is not only the problem of flows with neglegible surface tension. A significant part of this work is devoted to the modelling of bubbles rising through liquids, including bubble-bubble interactions. The SPH simulations were performed for several flow regimes corresponding to different relative importance of surface tension, viscosity and buoyancy effects. The predicted topological changes, bubble terminal velocity and drag coefficients were validated with respect to reference experimental data and compared to other numerical methods. In the work, fundamental concepts of assuring the incompressibility constraint in SPH are also recalled. An important part of work is a thorough comparison of two different incompressibility treatments: the weakly compressible approach, where a suitably chosen equation of state is used, and truly incompressible method (in two basic variants), where the velocity field is projected onto a divergence-free space. Their usefulness for multi-phase modelling is discussed. Problems associated with the numerical setup are investigated, and an optimal choice of the computational parameters is proposed and verified. For these purposes the study is supported by many two- and three-dimensional validation cases. In addition, the present work opens new perspectives to future simulations of boiling phenomena using the SPH method. First ideas and sketches for the implementation of the liquid-vapour phase change are presented
Respaud, Thomas. "Etude du couplage de méthodes numériques pour les équations de Vlasov-Maxwell." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526817.
Full textNodet, Maëlle. "Modélisation mathématique et assimilation de données lagrangiennes pour l'océanographie." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011159.
Full textHernandez, Fabrice. "Comparaison et combinaison de données altimétriques et lagrangiennes. Application à la campagne SEMAPHORE-93." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30295.
Full textPu, Shiliang. "Développement de méthodes interférométriques pour la caractérisation des champs de particules." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES049.
Full textWe have studied two optical methods for particle field characterization: ILIDS (Interferometric Laser Imaging for Droplet Sizing) and DIH (Digital In-line Holography). In the case of ILIDS, the particle field is illuminated by a laser sheet and the defocused images are recorded by a CCD camera. We have developed an image processing method. We show that the particle diameter and velocity distribution in a plane can be measured by using a common PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system. In DIH case, the particle field is illuminated by a laser beam and the in-line diffraction pattern is directly recorded by a CCD camera. Then, the 3D volume can be numerically reconstructed. We have firstly studied the influence of windowing function. Then, we have developed an image processing method which can give particle 3D location and diameter from the reconstructed image. The experimental tests shows that the two techniques can give reliable results for two-phase flows measurement
Jolles, Anne. "Résolution des équations de navier-Stokes par des méthodes particules-maillage." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066258.
Full textAdouobo, Tokou Bernard. "Simulations numériques des méthodes particulaires et particules-maillage sur machines parallèles." Le Havre, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEHA0011.
Full textJacquier, Sandra. "Méthodes approchées pour les propriétés optiques d'agrégats de particules sphériques non absorbantes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137499.
Full textDans un premier temps, l'étude des paramètres influençant les sections efficaces de diffusion (Csca) et de radiation de pression (Cpr) d'agrégats obtenues avec la méthode exacte, a révélé:
- que les différentes configurations d'un agrégat suivant sa forme ou le nombre de particules primaires qu'il contient sont parfaitement discernables,
-que le nombre de particules primaires est le paramètre pertinent dans le cas des faibles paramètres de taille ( ),
- qu'il existe, pour un agrégat constitué d'un nombre donné de particules primaires, deux configurations extrêmes (chaîne et compacte) entre lesquelles les sections efficaces des autres évoluent.
Par la suite, il a été évalué vis-à-vis de la méthode exacte, sept méthodes approchées (choisies en fonction des remarques précédentes) permettant d'obtenir la section efficace de diffusion :
- les méthodes assimilant l'agrégat à une sphère compacte (SC) ou creuse (SP) sont inappropriées
- les méthodes utilisant une dimension fractale sont quant à elles peu concluantes sur des agrégats contenant un faible nombre de particules primaires.
- la méthode PBK (Percival-Berry-Khlebtsov) est valable pour avec une erreur qui augmente avec l'indice du matériau.
- la méthode DA (ou DAr, Diffraction Anormale) est correcte pour et est moins sensible à l'augmentation de l'indice de réfraction.
- la méthode IRE (Indice de Réfraction Effectif), est la méthode approchée pouvant être envisagée sur l'ensemble des paramètres de taille et a fait l'objet d'une étude complémentaire (fonction de correction, forme de l'objet équivalent).
Dorogan, Kateryna. "Schémas numériques pour la modélisation hybride des écoulements turbulents gaz-particules." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820978.
Full textDekeyser, Jean-Luc. "Architectures et algorithmes parallèles pour les méthodes Monte-Carlo en physique des particules." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10075.
Full textBechereau, Marie. "Élaboration de méthodes Lattice Boltzmann pour les écoulements bifluides à ratio de densité arbitraire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN059/document.
Full textTwo-fluid extensions of Lattice Boltzmann methods with free boundaries usually consider ``microscopic'' pseudopotential interface models. In this paper, we rather propose an interface-capturing Lattice Boltzmann approach where the mass fraction variable is considered as an unknown and is advected. Several works have reported the difficulties of LBM methods to deal with such two-fluid systems especially for high-density ratio configurations. This is due to the mixing nature of LBM, as with Flux vector splitting approaches for Finite Volume methods. We here give another explanation of the lack of numerical diffusion of Lattice Boltzmann approaches to accurately capture contact discontinuities. To fix the problem, we propose an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation of Lattice-Boltzmann methods. In the Lagrangian limit, it allows for a proper separated treatment of pressure waves and advection phenomenon. After the ALE solution, a remapping (advection) procedure is necessary to project the variables onto the Eulerian Lattice-Boltzmann grid.We explain how to derive this remapping procedure in order to get second-order accuracy and achieve sharp stable oscillation-free interfaces. It has been shown that mass fractions variables satisfy a local discrete maximum principle and thus stay in the range $[0,1]$. The theory is supported by numerical computations of rising bubbles (without taking into account surface tension at this current state of development).Even if our methods are currently used for inviscid flows (Euler equations) by projecting the discrete distributions onto equilibrium ones at each time step, we believe that it is possible to extend the framework formulation for multifluid viscous problems. This will be at the aim of a next work
Blondel, Oriane. "Dynamiques de particules sur réseaux avec contraintes cinétiques." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077156.
Full textThis thesis is about stochastic lattice models of particle systems with Glauber dynamics and /kinetic constraints (KCSM), more specically the East and FA-1f models. These models were introduced in physics for the study of glassy systems. In this document one nds rst a summary of its contents (in French), then three introductory chapters in which I present the context of my works and show both what what my contributions add to the picture and on which notions and techniques they rely. In my presentation of KCSM, I focus on objects and results that are directly related to my research. Finally my papers are assembled in the Appendix, in some cases with extensions that were cut o for publication. The rst chapter is an introduction to KCSM. The second chapter presents non-equilibrium issues for KCSM. First I give results about out-of-equilibrium local relaxation; in the FA-1f mode it is a joint work with N. Cancrini, F. Martinelli, C. Roberto and C. Toninelli. Then I study the progression of a front in the East model and show a shape theorem as well as an ergodicity result for the process seen from the front. This result relies on quantifying the local relaxation of the process seen from the front rather than using classic sub-additivity arguments. The last chapter explores low-temperature (or high density) dynamics of KCSM. I rst recali asymptotic results about East and FA-1f spectral gaps and oer some heuristics and conjectures. I then focus on the low temperature behaviour of the diusion coecient of a tracer in a KCSM, so as to give rigorous answers to questions raised in the physics literature
Lominé, Franck. "Écoulements de particules dans un milieu poreux." Rennes 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198209.
Full textThis work deals with experimental and numerical investigations on particles flow through a packing of larger spheres. We built an experimental device to study lateral dispersion and the mean transit time of a blob of particles through a porous medium. Particularly, we determined the dependence of the mean transit time on the number of particles, on particle size and on the height of the porous medium. We also characterized the dependence of the lateral dispersion coefficient on the number of particles moving in the porous structure. Then, we developed numerical simulation models based on « Event-Driven » and « molecular dynamic of soft spheres » methods. Those allowed us to supplement the experimental study by analyzing the influence of various additional parameters. The access inside the porous medium allowed a finer analysis of particles dispersion. Finally, we approached the possibility of using the spontaneous percolation phenomenon to produce a mixer. Thanks to the numerical tool, we carried out and characterized mixtures of particles of different sizes. We showed that this process proves to be a simple and effective method to obtain homogeneous mixtures of particles
Kong, Jian Xin. "Contribution à l'analyse numérique des méthodes de couplage particules-grille en mécanique des fluides." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343556.
Full textGuisset, Sébastien. "Modélisation et méthodes numériques pour l'étude du transport de particules dans un plasma chaud." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0117/document.
Full textAngular moments models represent alternative descriptions situated in between the kinetic and the fluid models. In this work, angular moments models based on an entropy minimisation principle are considered for plasma physics applications. This manuscript is organised in three parts. The first one is a contribution to plasma physics modelling within the formalism of angular moments models. The validity domain of angular moments models in collisionless regimes is studied. It is also shown that the collisional operators proposed for the M1 angular moments model enable to recover accurate plasma transport coefficients. The second part of this document deals with the derivation of numerical methods for the long timescales particle transport. Appropriate asymptotic-preserving numerical schemes are designed for the M1 angular moments model and numerical validations are performed. The third part represents a first important step toward multi-species modelling. The M1 angular moments model in a moving frame is introduced and applied to rarefied gas dynamics. The model properties are highlighted, a numerical scheme is proposed and a numerical validation is carried out
Mathieu, Olivier. "Application des méthodes de l'intelligence artificielle à l'analyse de données en physique des particules." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22058.
Full textBarge, Alexis. "Propriétés lagrangiennes de l'accélération turbulente des particules fluides et inertielles dans un écoulement avec un cisaillement homogène : DNS et nouveaux modèles de sous-maille de LES." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC012/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the acceleration of fluid and inertial particles moving in a turbulent flow under the influence of a homogeneous shear in order to develop LES stochastic models that predict subgrid acceleration of the flow and acceleration of inertial particles. Subgrid acceleration modelisation is done in the framework of the LES-SSAM approach which was introduced by Sabel’nikov, Chtab and Gorokhovski[EPJB 80:177]. Acceleration is predicted with two independant stochastic models : a log-normal Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process for the norm of acceleration and an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process expressed in the sense of Stratonovich calculus for the components of the acceleration orientation vector. The approach is used to simulate fluid and inertial particles moving in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence and in a homogeneous sheared turbulence. Our results show that small scales statistics of particles are better predicted in comparison with classical LES approach. Modelling of inertial particles acceleration is done in the framework of the LES-STRIP which was introduced by Gorokhovski and Zamansky[PRF 3:034602] with two independant stochastic models in a similar way to the subgrid fluid acceleration. Computations of inertial particles in the homogeneous shear flow present good predicitons of the particles acceleration and velocity when STRIP model is used. In the last chapter, we present an equation to describe the dynamic of point-like particles which size is larger than the Kolmogorov scale moving in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence computed by direct numerical simulation. Results are compared with experiments and indicate that this description reproduces well the properties of the particles dynamic
Crestetto, Anaïs. "Optimisation de méthodes numériques pour la physique des plasmas : application aux faisceaux de particules chargées." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735569.
Full textCannaméla, Claire. "Apport des méthodes probabilistes dans la simulation du comportement sous irradiation du combustible à particules." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077082.
Full textTThis work is devoted to the evaluation of mathematica! expectations in the context of structural reliability. We seek a failure probability estimate (that we assume low), taking into account the uncertainty of influential parameters of the System. Our goal is to reach a good copromise between the accuracy of the estimate and the associated computational cost. This approach is used to estimate the failure probability of fuel particles from a HTR-type nuclear reactor. This estimate is obtain by means of costly numerical simulations. We consider differents probabilistic methods to tackle the problem. First, we consider a variance reducing Monte Carlo method : importance sampling. For the parametric case, we propose adaptive algorithms in order to build a series of probability densities that will eventually converge to optimal importance density. We then present several estimates of the mathematical expectation based on this series of densities. Next, we consider a multi-level method using Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm. Finally, we turn our attention to the related problem of quantile estimation (non extreme) of physical output from a large-scale numerical code. We propose a controled stratification method. The random input parameters are sampled in specific regions obtained from surrogate of the response. The estimation of the quantile is then computed from this sample
Limem, Abdelhakim. "Méthodes informées de factorisation matricielle non négative : Application à l'identification de sources de particules industrielles." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0432/document.
Full textNMF methods aim to factorize a non negative observation matrix X as the product X = G.F between two non-negative matrices G and F. Although these approaches have been studied with great interest in the scientific community, they often suffer from a lack of robustness to data and to initial conditions, and provide multiple solutions. To this end and in order to reduce the space of admissible solutions, the work proposed in this thesis aims to inform NMF, thus placing our work in between regression and classic blind factorization. In addition, some cost functions called parametric αβ-divergences are used, so that the resulting NMF methods are robust to outliers in the data. Three types of constraints are introduced on the matrix F, i. e., (i) the "exact" or "bounded" knowledge on some components, and (ii) the sum to 1 of each line of F. Update rules are proposed so that all these constraints are taken into account by mixing multiplicative methods with projection. Moreover, we propose to constrain the structure of the matrix G by the use of a physical model, in order to discern sources which are influent at the receiver. The considered application - consisting of source identification of particulate matter in the air around an insdustrial area on the French northern coast - showed the interest of the proposed methods. Through a series of experiments on both synthetic and real data, we show the contribution of different informations to make the factorization results more consistent in terms of physical interpretation and less dependent of the initialization
Malek, Mokrane. "Développement de méthodes d'holographie numérique pour la métrologie tridimensionnelle dans les écoulements." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES048.
Full textIn this work, we have used a digital in-line holography system with numerical reconstruction for three-dimensional metrology in flow. This system records directly on a charge-coupled device (ccd) camera the diffraction patterns of small particles illuminated by a double-pulse laser diode. The numerical reconstruction is based on the wavelet transformation method. A sample volume is reconstructed by computing the wavelet components for different scale parameters. These parameters are related to the axial distance between a particle and the ccd camera. To achieve our 3d-3c velocity technique, we have firstly developed a technique to estimate the equivalent diameter (deq) of particles. This allows us to elaborate an extraction process for particle field in a simple volume. During this process, the particle images are identified and localized by analyzing the maximum of the wavelet transform modulus (mmto) and deq. Afterwards, a point-matching algorithm is applied to the set pairs containing the particle coordinates. The output of this algorithm is used to compute velocity field. Our 3d-3c velocity technique has been tested with simulated holograms of moving particle fields. The experimental tests showed the reliability of this technique for 3d velocity field extraction
Berho, Catherine. "Caractérisation de fractions hétérogènes par méthodes optiques au cours de procédés de fabrication. : Application aux suspensions papetières et vinicoles." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3004.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the evolution of these fractions during the transformation of the organic matter by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Suspensions which are representative of two conditions of organic matter evolution are selected : paper and wine-making suspensions. A study of model suspensions and solutions allows to show the influence of the nature and the size of particules or macromolecules an the optical responses. The application of this work to real suspensions leads to qualitative information of transferts phenomena of matter. From a quantitative point of view, the deconvolution of organic compounds which present specific UV responses. Concerning both organic and mineral compounds, the coupling UV-visible spectrophotometry/laser granulometry is promising. Quantification of phenolic compounds in wine-making suspensions is difficult because of the complexity of the matrix
Kedzierski, Mikaël. "Pollutions du milieu littoral par les microplastiques : Méthodes d’évaluation." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS464/document.
Full textPlastics are technical materials necessary for industrialized societies. However, in the early 2000s, plastic particles of about ten microns were observed in seawater samples. These are called "microplastics". Their presence in most environments has been progressively highlighted making it an anthropocene marker. Moreover, these particles interact with environments and may carry toxic additives or micropollutants. However, scientific and technical barriers limit this accurate evaluation. In this context, the aims of this work are (1) to determine the most efficient and cost- effective extraction conditions of microplastics trapped in sand and (2) to evaluate the toxicity due to the interactions between micropollutants and aged plastics, which can occur in the marine environment. Thus, an elutriation system prototype has been built and an adapted protocol developed to efficiently extract microplastics from sand. In order to determine the optimal elutriation flow velocities, a simple numerical model based on hydrodynamic equations has been developed. This numerical model has been validated by comparing theoretical and experimental results. However, these results also demonstrate that process optimization was required: based on different constraints, for example the time needed to achieve the elutriation or the size of the column, new data on the design have been acquired. The evolution of the surface state and the toxicity of 3 types of plastic (PVC, PET and PBAT) immersed in the marine environment during 550 days was studied on Kernevel harbor (Larmor-Plage, France). The results of the plastics ageing show very different behaviors. PBAT ages faster than PVC whereas PET does not exhibit large modifications. The aging of PVC is accompanied by a loss of compounders characterized by an estrogenic activity and by the adsorption of heavy metals. In the marine environment, the degradation of the PBAT surface forms cavities in which clay particles can be trapped. Moreover, in a more punctual manner than PVC, this material exhibit strong estrogenic activities
Glanc, Pierre. "Approximation numérique de l'équation de Vlasov par des méthodes de type remapping conservatif." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904887.
Full textDellinger, Nicolas. "Modélisation de la formation et de l’évolution des particules de suie en approche hybride Euler-Lagrange pour la simulation de foyers aéronautiques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS074.
Full textSoot has become an important issue in the design of aeroengine combustors. New certifications on soot particles are to be applied in 2020 due to growing concern about pollutant emissions in the transportation industry. Soot particles also modify radiative heat transfers in combustion chambers affecting thermal load at walls and NOx formation. Still, efficient and accurate prediction of soot particles formation and evolution is an open field in CFD. This manuscript proposes to combine a Eulerian description of soot precursors and a Lagrangian description of particles evolution, which has the advantage to be well suited to follow the evolution of the particle size distribution. The growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is modelled by a sectional method to obtain the soot inception rate and create the particles tracked in the gas flow. The particles are described as spheres interacting with the gas through chemical processes and between each other by coalescence, bounded to young liquid-like particles depending on their diameter. The method is implemented in the CEDRE code and completed by an algorithm for the reduction of the particles population to limit the cost of its statistical convergence. Applied to steady laminar premixed C2H4-air flames, it is confronted with some success to measurements of soot volume fraction, particle diameter and species molar fractions. The method is then applied combined with the Quasi-Steady State Approximation for gas chemistry to a swirled pressurized C2H4-air flame, similar to RQL configurations of aeroengine combustors, and confronted with some success to velocity, temperature, composition and soot volume fraction measurements
Thomassin, Alain. "Etude des fuites de particules neutres par les milieux lacunaires pour l'accélération des méthodes de Monte-Carlo." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066338.
Full textLachaussée, Florent. "Érosion et transport de particules au voisinage d'un obstacle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS377/document.
Full textErosion occurs when a fluid flowing over a granular bed exerts a large enough shear stress. When the fluid encounters an obstacle, the modification of the flow leads to a local over speed, and thus on an increase of the shear stress in the vicinity of the obstacle. As a result, the erosion is locally enhanced and is called scouring. In this work, we investigate this complicated situation experimentally at the laboratory scale. In particular, we address the question of the scouring threshold, i.e., the minimum critical approach velocity of the fluid leading to erosion in the vicinity of the obstacle. We report the existence of two different scouring patterns: the traditional horseshoe scour at the base of the obstacle, which dominates at large flow velocities, and we also highlight another scouring pattern downstream, which is called rabbit ear scour, at moderate speeds. We determine the onset of both erosion patterns visually using different grains and obstacles. Besides, we measure the bed topography over time using a laser profilometer. By monitoring the bed topography during the scouring process, we characterize the morphology of both scouring patterns and rationalize their competitive dynamics by measuring their formation timescale. In most cases, the rabbit ear scour development is inhibited by the faster horseshoe scour growth. The characterization of the flow using Particles Image Velocimetry (PIV), provides information on the shear stress exerted by the fluid flow on the grains, with and without obstacle. We can thus rationalize the threshold values for both scouring patterns, associated with different flow structures
Andrieux-Loyer, Françoise. "Les formes de phosphore particulaire et sédimentaire en environnement côtier : méthodes d'analyse, biodisponibilité, échange." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2034.
Full textOhayon, Albert. "Zones d'atmosphère contrôlée : méthodes de contrôle physiques et bactériologiques." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P117.
Full textCommaux, Nicolas. "Contrôle du profil de densité dans le plasma de Tore Supra : comparaison de différentes méthodes d'alimentation en particules." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112207.
Full textThe behaviour of a reactor-class plasma when fuelled using the existing techniques is difficult to foresee. The present work has been initiated on Tore Supra. Two topics have been studied: the comparison of the plasma behaviour when fuelled using the different techniques at high Greenwald density fractions and the study of the homogenisation following a pellet injection (fuelling technique for ITER burning plasmas). The experiments at high Greenwald density fractions performed on Tore Supra showed that the plasma behaviour is dependent on the fuelling method. The plasma energy confinement is following the scaling laws determined at low density when fuelled using pellet injection, which is better than for gas puffing and supersonic injection, both inducing a significant confinement loss. This behaviour is not related to transport but to the position of the matter source (at the edge for gas and close to the centre for pellets). The study concerning the homogenisation phenomena following a pellet injection aims to study the drift effect that expels the mater deposited toward the low field side. A new phenomenon was discovered: the influence of magnetic surfaces with an integer-valued safety factor (q). When the mater drifting toward low field side crosses an integer q surface, it experiences an effect that stops the drift motion. This study allows also determining that the drift following a pellet high field side injection appears negligible in Tore Supra. This work confirms that the pellet injection is an important tool for ITER plasma fuelling and that the low field side injection scheme should not be totally withdrawn for fuelling
Gagnon, Ludovick. "Etude de l'équation de Korteweg-de Vries en variables lagrangiennes et sa contrôlabilité, stabilisation rapide d'une équation de Schrödinger et méthodes spectrales pour le calcul du contrôle optimal." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066395/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the Lagrangian controllability and the analysis of the particle trajectories for the Korteweg-de Vries equation, to the rapid stabilization problem of the bilinear Schrödinger equation and to the convergence of the numerical controls of the wave equation. In the first part, we prove that the N-solitons solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation allows one to move the particles outside an arbitrarily long domain in an arbitrarily small time. A higher approximation of the velocity field associated to the N-soliton is also presented, allowing to recover a typical property of solitary waves: the higher the particle is located in the fluid, the greater its displacement. These results are of a nonlinear nature since there exists no linear approximation of solitons. In the second part, inspired by the backstepping method, the rapid stabilization of a linearized Schrödinger equation is obtained. The proof consists to prove the invertibility of a transformation mapping the equation to stabilize to a stable linearized Schrödinger equation. The key ingredient of this proof is the introduction of a uniqueness condition. In the last part, a spectral filter, a mixed method and the Nitsche's method are proposed as a remedy to the lack of uniformness of the discrete observability constant for the Legendre-Galerkin semi-discretization of the wave equation. A numerical study of the convergence of the numerical controls is also presented
Villemonais, Denis. "Distributions quasi-stationnaires et méthodes particulaires pour l'approximation de processus conditionnés." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00672074.
Full textBoudhib, Mohamed. "Analyse d’aérosols par méthodes LIBS sans étalonnage et LIBS couplée à une cellule radiofréquence utilisée comme piège à particules." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2011/document.
Full textNew issues related to process control and workplace surveillance accompany the emergence of nanotechnology industry. This involves the development of new real-time and in-situ characterization techniques. In this context, the NOVA unit from the INERIS institute collaborated with LP3 and GREMI laboratories to study two approaches aiming to enhance the LIBS technic performances. The first approach used a flow cell to determine the relative elemental composition of an aerosol with a calibration-free procedure. The recorded spectra were compared to theoretical spectra calculated for a plasma in the Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium LTE. The best agreement between recorded and computed spectra allowed the determination of the relative composition with a good agreement with the reference value, for an alumina aerosol. The study of the temporal evolution of the plasma allowed the estimation of a temporal range within which the LTE hypothesis was verified. The second approach used a low-pressure radiofrequency plasma generated in an inert gas as a particle trap to analyse aerosols and nanoparticles. The use of such a system allowed the enhancement of particles detection by concentrating them spatially. We determined the optimal parameters for the LIBS analysis using this system. Furthermore, we established the plasma continuum was attenuated even at very low time delays. We evaluated the sampling volume of this new system and compared it to case of LIBS analysis on air. Finally, we estimated the detection limits of this system when analysing nanoparticles
DERRIENNIC, OURLY HELENE. "Etude et optimisation des méthodes de Monte Carlo non analogues pour la simulation des particules neutres en radio-protection." Paris, CNAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CNAM0312.
Full textMirivel, Giovanni. "Développement de méthodes d'analyse de composés organiques dans les particules fines et étude de leur vieillissement en milieu contrôlé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10103/document.
Full textThis thesis – dealing with the chemical characterization of organic matter in fine atmospheric particles – consisted of the two following objectives: (i) the development of analytical methods to identify and quantify some organic compounds: long-chain mono- and dialkanoic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives;(ii) the study of possible sampling artefacts while collecting particulate PAHs on filters under controlled conditions.The analyses were carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to a UV detector and a fluorimeter for PAHs, and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the other species. Pressurized liquid extraction methods were optimized using experimental design. The proposed methods were validated on complex matrices (standard reference materials and/or real samples). Concentration levels could be monitored for particles collected in an urban background site in Douai and seasonal trends consistent with literature data have been observed.Sampling artefacts linked to desorption and reactivity towards atmospheric pollutants (O3, NO2) for particulate PAHs present in real samples have been investigated using an experimental device to simulate filter sampling. The magnitude and the variability of these artefacts have been measured as a function of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) and pollutant concentrations
Grenier, Alexia. "Méthodes pour l'identification et la caractérisation de mécanismes de colmatage en filtration frontale." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30057.
Full textThe goal of this study is to identify and to characterise the successive prevailing mechanisms which occur during a filtration step. We developed a phenomenological approach based on experimental data (filtrate volume V versus time t). The filter media is considered as a particle collector and the particle capture notion is extended to the pore blocking and cake filtration mechanisms. The methodology has been initially tested on a model system (bentonite suspension/ membranes). By studying the effect of parameters such as suspension concentration and pressure, it has been shown that the parameter characterising the cake does not depend on the filter media structure. We also quantified the influence of the wall shear stress tw at the pore entrance and the strong dependence of the ratio of diameters of the particle and the pore, on the particle capture. Lastly, the scaling up to a more complex system (precipitated silica suspension/ woven media) at a pilot scale has been achieved
Peronnard, Paul. "Méthodes et outils pour l'évaluation de la sensibilité de circuits intégrés avancés face aux radiations naturelles." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441658.
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